Open Educational Resources (OER) for Open Schooling
The Commonwealth of Learning (COL) Open Schools Initiative launched an Open Educational Resources (OER) Project to provide materials under the Creative Commons license agreement to support independent study in 17 specially selected secondary school subjects. Funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation its aim is to broaden access to secondary education through the development of high quality Open Distance Learning (ODL) or self‐study materials.
These specially selected OER subjects include:
1. Commerce 11 2. Coordinated Science 10 (Biology, Chemistry and Physics) 3. English 12 4. English Second Language 10 5. Entrepreneurship 10 6. Food & Nutrition 7. Geography 10 8. Geography 12 9. Human Social Biology 12 10. Life Science 10 11. Life Skills 12. Mathematics 11 13. Mathematics 12 14. Physical Science 10 15. Physical Science 12 16. Principles of Business 17. Spanish
Open Educational Resources are free to use and increase accessibility to education. These materials are accessible for use in six countries: Botswana, India, Lesotho, Namibia, Seychelles and Trinidad & Tobago. Other interested parties are invited to use the materials, but some contextual adaptation might be needed to maximise their benefits in different countries.
The OER for Open Schooling Teachers’ Guide has been developed to guide teachers/instructors on how to use the Open Educational Resources (OER) in five of these courses. 1. English 2. Entrepreneurship 3. Geography 4. Life Science 5. Physical Science
The aim of this teachers’ guide is to help all teachers/instructors make best use of the OER materials. This guide is generic, but focuses on Namibian examples.
Print‐based versions are available on CD‐ROM and can be downloaded from www.col.org/CourseMaterials. The CD‐ROM contains the module and folders with additional resources, multimedia resources and/or teacher resources. Note that not all subjects have multimedia resources.
Acknowledgements:
The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Namibian College of Open Learning (NAMCOL): www.namcol.com.na National Institute of Educational Development (NIED): www.nied.edu.na Ministry of Education of the Republic of Namibian (MoE): www.moe.gov.na Ministry of Education, Seychelles: www.education.gov.sc Ministry of Education and Training, Lesotho: www.gov.ls/education Ministry of Education Trinidad& Tobago: www.moe.gov.tt National Open School of Trinidad & Tobago (NOSTT): www.moe.gov.tt/NOSTT Ministry of Education and Skills Development, Botswana: www.moe.gov.bw Botswana College of Distance and Open Learning (BOCODOL): www.bocodol.ac.bw Ministry of Education Zambia: www.moe.gov.zm
Commonwealth of Learning, 2012
CC BY‐SA © 2012 by the Commonwealth of Learning. Open Educational Resources (OER) for Open Schooling are made available under a Creative Commons Attribution‐ShareAlike 3.0 Licence (international): http://creativecommons.org/licences/by‐sa/3.0.
For the avoidance of doubt, by applying this license the Commonwealth of Learning does not waive any privileges or immunities from claims that it may be entitled to assert, nor does the Commonwealth of Learning submit itself to the jurisdiction, courts, legal processes or laws of any jurisdiction.
Published by: Commonwealth of Learning 1055 West Hastings, Suite 1200 Vancouver, British Columbia Canada V6E 2E9 Telephone: +1 604 775 8200 Fax: +1 604 775 8210 Web: www.col.org Email: [email protected]
The Commonwealth of Learning (COL) is an intergovernmental organisation created by Commonwealth Heads of Government to encourage the development and sharing of open learning and distance education knowledge, resources and technologies.
2/27/2012 4:25 PM COURSE MATERIAL
English Second Language Grade 10
COL Open Schools Initiative Namibia
Copyright
Copyright: CC-BY-SA (share alike with attribution) Commonwealth of Learning (COL) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0
Any part of this document may be reproduced without permission. Attribution to the Commonwealth of Learning, Open Schools Initiative should be included in any derivative works.
COL Open Schools Initiative Namibia
105 5 West Hastings St Suite 1200 Vancouver, V6E 2E9 Canada
Fax: +1 604 775 8210 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.col.org
Acknowledgements
The COL Open Schools Initiative wishes to thank those below for their contribution to this Course material:
Mungungu, Saara Team Leader & Course Developer
Simanga, Elizabeth Course Developer
Hilukiluah, Imogene Course Developer
Botes, Corné Course Developer
Klazen, Izan Course Developer
COL Open Schools also wishes to acknowledge The Namibian College of Open Learning (NAMCOL) for availing their English as a Second Language course modules to be used as source material for the development of this course. All the illustrations and pictures used in this course are therefore part of the original NAMCOL materials. If not taken from the NAMCOL course modules, other authors and sources are clearly acknowledged throughout the course material.
For the last 6 units (Units 10-15) the following books have been used:
a. The Other Presence by Dr F.S. Nyathi. This book can be obtained from: The African publishers [email protected] [email protected]
b. Calabash by J.G. Goodacre and S. Makosana. This book is available at the following websites:
i. sign on my account basket help http://www.abebooks.com/products/isbn/9780636013520/
ii. Karibu kalahari.co.ke
Email or : +254 (0) 714 779 854 Contact centre hours: Weekdays 8:00 - 18:00 & Saturdays 8:00 - 14:00 http://www.kalahari.co.ke/books/Calabash-A-cluster-of- stories/1/25518021.aspx
English Second Language
Contents
About this Course material 7 How this Course material is Structured ...... 7
Course overview 3 Welcome to English Second Language Grade 10 ...... 3 English Second Language Grade 10 - is this course for you? ...... 3 Course outcomes ...... 3 Timeframe ...... 4 Study skills ...... 4 Need help? ...... 5 Assessments ...... 6 Feedback ...... 7 Resources ...... 7
Getting around this Course material 9 Margin icons ...... 9
Unit 1 11 Life in Namibia ...... 11 Introduction ...... 11 Reading and Responding ...... 13 Grammar and Usage: ...... 15 Simple Present Tense ...... 15 Prefixes and Suffixes ...... 22 Listening and Responding: ...... 27 Continuous Writing: ...... 29 Writing Formal and Informal Letters ...... 29 Unit Summary ...... 33 Assessment ...... 34 Answers to Activities: Unit 1 Life in Namibia ...... 36 Resources ...... 41
Unit 2 42 Health and Water ...... 42 Introduction ...... 42 Reading and Responding ...... 44 Grammar and Usage ...... 54 A. Nouns ...... 54 B. Pronouns ...... 60 C. Simple Past Tense ...... 62 ii Contents
How do we Form the Simple Past Tense? ...... 63 Negative and Question Forms ...... 67 Summary Writing ...... 70 Listening Comprehension and Responding ...... 73 Form Filling ...... 75 Unit Summary ...... 78 Assessment ...... 79 Answers to Activities: Unit 2 Health and Water ...... 82 Resources ...... 88
Unit 3 89 Rights and Responsibilities ...... 89 Introduction ...... 89 Rights and Responsibilities ...... 91 Reading and Responding ...... 91 Reports, Newspaper and Magazine Articles ...... 91 Grammar and Usage ...... 96 Future Tense ...... 96 Punctuation ...... 99 Linking words or Conjunctions ...... 106 Summary Writing ...... 108 Hints on Summary Writing ...... 108 Continuous Writing ...... 110 Diary Writing ...... 110 Listening and Responding ...... 113 Unit Summary ...... 116 Assessment ...... 117 Answers to Activities: Unit 3 Rights and Responsibilities ...... 121 Resources ...... 126
Unit 4 127 Population Education ...... 127 Introduction ...... 127 Reading and Responding ...... 129 Grammar and Usage: ...... 143 A. Present Continuous Tense ...... 143 B. Adjectives ...... 147 Listening and Responding ...... 151 Continuous Writing: Descriptive Essay ...... 153 Unit Summary ...... 157 Assessment ...... 158 Answers to Activities: Unit 4 Population Education ...... 160 Resources ...... 166
Unit 5 167 Gender Issues ...... 167 Introduction ...... 167 English Second Language
Timeframe ...... 168 Reading and Responding ...... 169 Grammar and Usage: ...... 173 B. Prepositions ...... 178 Listening and Responding ...... 184 Continuous Writing: Argumentative Essays ...... 186 Unit Summary ...... 191 Assessment ...... 192 Answers to Activities: Unit 5 Gender Issues ...... 195 Resources ...... 199
Unit 6 200 Hobbies ...... 200 Introduction ...... 200 Reading and Responding ...... 201 Grammar and Usage: ...... 214 Listening Comprehension and Responding: ...... 228 Continuous Writing: Magazine Articles ...... 230 Unit Summary ...... 235 Assessment ...... 236 Answers to Activities: Unit 6 Hobbies ...... 240 Resources ...... 245
Unit 7 246 Supernatural ...... 246 Introduction ...... 246 Reading and Responding ...... 248 Grammar and Usage: ...... 253 The Perfect Tenses ...... 253 How do we make the Present Perfect Tense? ...... 254 How do we use the Present Perfect Tense? ...... 255 Continuous Writing: ...... 282 Unit Summary ...... 287 Assessment ...... 288 Answers to Activities: Unit 7 Supernatural ...... 292 Resources ...... 297
Unit 8 298 Advertising ...... 298 Introduction ...... 298 Timeframe ...... 299 Reading and Responding ...... 300 Grammar and Usage: ...... 304 Continuous Writing: ...... 315 iv Contents
Unit Summary ...... 319 Assessment ...... 320 Answers to Activities: Unit 8 Advertising ...... 325 Resources ...... 327
Unit 9 328 Sports ...... 328 Introduction ...... 328 Reading and Responding ...... 330 Dangerous Sports ...... 334 Continuous Writing: ...... 345 Unit Summary ...... 349 Assessment ...... 350 Answers to Activities: Unit 9 Sports ...... 353 Resources ...... 357
Unit 10 358 Literature: Introductory Notes ...... 358 Introduction ...... 358 Literature: The Other Presence: Chapters 1-6 ...... 367 Introduction ...... 367 Unit Summary ...... 389 Assessment ...... 390 Answers to Activities: Unit 10 The Other Presence: Chapters 1-6 ...... 394 Resources ...... 397
Unit 11 398 Literature: The Other Presence: Chapters 7-15 ...... 398 Introduction ...... 398 Unit Summary ...... 426 Assessment ...... 427 Answers to Activities: Unit 11 The Other Presence: Chapters 7-15 ...... 431 Resources ...... 436
Unit 12 437 Literature: The Other Presence: Chapters 16-20 ...... 437 Introduction ...... 437 Unit Summary ...... 458 Assessment ...... 459 Answers to Activities: Unit 12 Literature - The Other Presence: Chapters 16-20 ...... 465 Resources ...... 469
Unit 13 470 Literature – Calabash – Non-fiction Stories ...... 470 Introduction ...... 470 English Second Language
The Ten Cent Soccer Ball by Peter Brink ...... 475 Homophones ...... 482 Emma and I by Sheila Hocken ...... 488 The Youngest Channel Swimmer by J.C. Goodacre ...... 493 Unit Summary ...... 499 Assessment Tasks ...... 500 Answers to Activities: Unit 13 Literature: Non-fiction Stories ...... 504 The Ten Sent Soccer Ball by Peter Brink ...... 504 Emma and I by Sheila Hocken ...... 506 Resources ...... 508
Unit 14 509 Literature: Calabash - Fiction Stories ...... 509 Introduction ...... 509 The Star Beast by Nicholas S. Gray ...... 511 Introduction ...... 511 The Hitchhiker by P. Groves & N. Grimshaw ...... 518 Introduction ...... 518 The Kiss by Walter Macken ...... 525 Introduction ...... 525 Unit Summary ...... 535 Assessment ...... 536 Answers to Activities: Unit 14 Literature: Fiction Stories ...... 541 The Star Beast by Nicholas S. Gray ...... 541 The Hitchhiker by P. Groves & N. Grimshaw ...... 543 The Kiss by Walter Macken ...... 545 Resources ...... 547
Unit 15 548 Literature: Calabash - Humorous Stories ...... 548 Introduction ...... 548 The Disappearing Days by Norman Hunter ...... 549 Introduction ...... 549 The Python’s Tree by Phyllis Savory ...... 557 Introduction ...... 557 Thief of Heaven by Greta Bloomhill ...... 564 Introduction ...... 564 Unit Summary ...... 571 Assessment ...... 572 Answers to Activities: Unit 15 Literature: Humorous Stories ...... 577 The Disappearing Days by Norman Hunter ...... 577 The Python’s Tree by Phyllis Savory ...... 578 Thief of Heaven by Greta Bloomhill ...... 580 Resources ...... 581
English Second Language
About this Course material
English Second Language Grade 10 has been produced by the COL Open Schools Initiative. All Course materials produced by the COL Open Schools Initiative are structured in the same way, as outlined below.
How this Course material is Structured
The course overview
The course overview gives you a general introduction to the course. Information contained in the course overview will help you determine:
if the course is suitable for you;
what you will already need to know;
what you can expect from the course;
how much time you will need to invest to complete the course.
The overview also provides guidance on:
study skills;
where to get help;
course assignments and assessments;
activity icons;
units.
We strongly recommend that you read the overview carefully before starting your study.
The course content
The course is broken down into units. Each unit comprises:
an introduction to the unit content;
unit outcomes; 8 Contents
timeframe;
new terminology;
core content of the unit with a variety of learning activities;
a unit summary;
assessments
Please Note:
In order to listen to audio on the CD, double click the audio icon to play it. MPlayer has already been installed.
To open the links place the cursor on the link, press and hold control then click to open the link.
8 English Second Language
Resources
For those interested in learning more on this subject and who have access to the internet, we provide you with a list of additional resources at the end of each unit of this Course Material; these may be books, articles or web sites.
Your comments
After completing English Second Language Grade 10, we would appreciate it if you would take a few moments to give us your feedback on any aspect of this course. Click here to access the feedback form.
Your constructive feedback will help us to improve and enhance this course.
1
English Second Language
Course overview
Welcome to English Second Language Grade 10
This course consists of 15 units based on the JSC curriculum to develop functional literacy and language skills in English.
English Second Language Grade 10 - is this course for you?
This course is intended for people who want to develop their communicative skills for meaningful interaction in a multi-lingual, multi- cultural and knowledge-based society.
Course outcomes
On successful completion of English Second Language Grade 10, you will be able to:
develop positive attitudes towards language learning;
acquire and use functional vocabulary and pronunciation in the language through informal and formal learning to understand, speak, read and write fluently and correctly; Outcomes use the language with confidence for learning in school and in daily life;
convey information, opinions and ideas through a variety of presentations and with a sense of audience;
interact meaningfully and express themselves clearly in a variety of genres and situations;
read and critically interpret a variety of texts.
3 Course overview
Timeframe
34 weeks
3 hours and 20 minutes per week
1 hour per day How long? This course has 15 units and requires approximately 113 hours to complete.
5-7 hours per unit (This time is flexible because some units are longer than the others.)
Spend at least 2 hours a day doing your homework and assessments.
Study skills
As an adult learner, your approach to learning will be different to that from your school days. You will choose what you want to study. You will have professional and/or personal motivation for doing so, and you will most likely be fitting your study activities around other professional or domestic responsibilities.
Essentially you will be taking control of your learning environment. As a consequence, you will need to consider performance issues related to time management, goal setting, stress management, etc. Perhaps, you will also need to reacquaint yourself in areas such as essay planning, coping with exams and using the web as a learning resource.
Your most significant considerations will be time and space, i.e. the time you dedicate to your learning and the environment in which you engage in that learning.
We recommend that you take time now - before starting your self-study - to familiarize yourself with these issues. There are a number of excellent resources on the web. A few suggested links are as follows:
http://www.how-to-study.com/ The “How to study” web site is dedicated to study skills resources. You will find links to study preparation (a list of nine essentials for a good study place), taking notes, strategies for reading text books, using reference sources, and test anxiety.
http://www.ucc.vt.edu/stdysk/stdyhlp.html This is the web site of the Virginia Tech, Division of Student Affairs.
4 English Second Language
You will find links to time scheduling (including a “where does time go?” link), a study skill checklist, basic concentration techniques, control of the study environment, note taking, how to read essays for analysis, memory skills (“remembering”).
http://www.howtostudy.org/resources.php Another “How to study” web site with useful links to time management, efficient reading, questioning/listening/observing skills, getting the most out of doing (“hands-on” learning), memory building, tips for staying motivated, developing a learning plan. The above links are our suggestions to start you on your way. At the time of writing these web links were active. If you want to look for more links, go to www.google.com and type “self-study basics”, “self-study tips”, “self-study skills” or something similar.
Need help?
The institution that is offering this course to students needs to provide the following information to their students. Please replace the questions in the shaded areas with the appropriate information.
A course web site address: www.namcol.edu.na
Ms Uajo Kazombiaze, NAMCOL Head Office, Independence Avenue, Katutura, Windhoek. Office hours 8h00 – 17h00. Telephone number 00264 61 320 5111/5243, Fax number 00264 61 216 987, e-mail address: Help [email protected].
Mr Joel Kavetuna, Resource Centre, NAMCOL Head Office, Independence Avenue, Katutura, Windhoek. Opening hours 8h00 – 17h00. Telephone number 00264 61 320 5111/5271, Fax number 00264 61 216 987, e-mail address: [email protected].
Mr Deodorich Tauseb, Office hours 8h00 – 17h00. Telephone number 00264 61 320 5111/5269, Fax number 00264 61 216 987, e-mail address: [email protected].
5 Course overview
Assessments
There is an assessment task at the end of each unit.
Namibian learners will write the National Examination administered by the Directorate of National Examination and Assessment (DNEA). It is Assessments expected that the learner writes the national assessment when it is scheduled and that the learners adhere to the conditions and requirements of the national assessment as determined by the National Ministry of Education.
Students take one examination (consisting of four different papers). This is a teacher marked assessment taken at the end of the year, usually in October/November. Students take the exam in the following papers:
Paper 1 (Reading and Directed Writing): 50 Marks
Duration: 2 hours
Paper 2 (Continuous Writing): 30 Marks
Duration: 1½ hours
Paper 3 (Listening Comprehension): 20 Marks
Duration: 30 minutes
Paper 4 (Literature): 20 Marks
Duration: 1 hour
If you have access to the internet, click on the link below to access the NIED website where you can browse the specimen paper for Paper 1 Reading and Directed Writing.
http://www.nied.edu.na/publications/syllabusses/JSC%20%20Folder/200 7%20Sample%20Paper%20%20Folder/JSC%20English%20L2%20Speci men%20Paper%20Booklet%20Updated%20May%202007.pdf
Or click the link below to access the specimen paper and the syllabus:
JSC (Junior Secondary Certificate) English as a Second Language Syllabus
Specimen paper for Paper 1 Reading and Directed Writing
Please Note: For most of the activities and assessments, you will need to answer on separate sheets of paper. Others, for example, cross word puzzles and forms are available on the CD under documents, for you to print and use. Please prepare a portfolio to keep all your work.
6 English Second Language
Feedback
Feedback for the activities is given at the end of each unit.
Feedback
Resources
Resources used in each unit are provided at the end of the unit. Other Resources additional resources are available on this course CD that can be opened and printed for your convenience.
7
English Second Language
Getting around this Course material
Margin icons
While working through this Course material, you will notice the frequent use of margin icons. These icons serve to “signpost” a particular piece of text, a new task or change in activity. They have been included to help you to find your way around this Course material.
A complete icon set is shown below. We suggest that you familiarise yourself with the icons and their meaning before starting your study.
9 Getting around this Course material
Activity Assessment Assignment Casestudy
Discussion Groupactivity Help Note it!
Outcomes Reading Reflection Studyskills
Summary Terminology Time Tip 7
Computer- BasedLearning Audio Video Feedback (
Basic Answers to Objectives Competence Assessments
10 English Second Language
Unit 1
Life in Namibia
Introduction Welcome to Unit 1 of this course. In this unit, there will be a reading text, language focus, a listening comprehension activity, a discussion and creative writing. In the grammar section, we will focus on the Simple Present Tense, negative statements and question forming, as well as prefixes and suffixes. In the continuous writing section, we will discuss the difference between a formal and an informal letter. Before we start with the unit, let us look at the unit outcomes.
On successful completion of this unit, you will be able to:
read and understand a selected text;
read to extract information and ideas; Outcomes use the simple present tense correctly; form questions and negatives correctly;
use prefixes and suffixes meaningfully;
listen attentively and answer questions while listening;
participate in group discussions about different population groups in the country;
write an informal letter and a formal letter, creatively showing a sense of audience and purpose.
I hope you have understood the unit outcomes and the sections of this unit. Below is a suggested timeframe that you can use to manage your time effectively for this unit.
11 Unit 1 Life in Namibia
Spend approximately 5 hours on this unit. Don’t worry if you spend less time on this unit because the number of hours per unit is flexible. You might spend less time on shorter units and more time on the longer units. This How long? timeframe is a guide for you to use. Beware of spending too much time to complete the unit because it may make it difficult for you to complete the course on time.
Now let us look at the list of some words (terminology) that will be used in this unit.