DOCSLIB.ORG

Effects of Changes in the Riparian Forest on the Butterfly Community

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Effects of Changes in the Riparian Forest on the Butterfly Community G Model RBE-123; No. of Pages 8 ARTICLE IN PRESS Revista Brasileira de Entomologia xxx (2016) xxx–xxx REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE Entomologia A Journal on Insect Diversity and Evolution www.rbentomologia.com Biology, Ecology and Diversity Effects of changes in the riparian forest on the butterfly community (Insecta: Lepidoptera) in Cerrado areas a a b c,∗ Helena S.R. Cabette , Jaqueline R. Souza , Yulie Shimano , Leandro Juen a Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil b Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Campus de Pesquisa, Belém, PA, Brazil c Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservac¸ ão, Belém, PA, Brazil a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Preserved riparian vegetation usually has greater environmental complexity than the riparian vegetation Received 5 May 2016 modified by human actions. These systems may have a greater availability and diversity of food resources Accepted 17 October 2016 for the species. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of changes on the structure of the riparian forest Available online xxx on species richness, beta diversity and composition of butterfly species in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso. Associate Editor: Héctor Vargas We tested the hypotheses that: (i) higher species richness and (ii) beta diversity would be recorded in more preserved environments; and (iii) species composition would be more homogeneous in disturbed Keywords: habitats. For hypothesis testing, the riparian vegetation of eight streams were sampled in four periods of Conservation the year in a fixed transect of 100 m along the shores. The richness of butterfly species is lower in disturbed Environmental changes Integrity than in preserved areas. However, species richness is not affected by habitat integrity. Beta diversity differed among sites, such that preserved sites have greater beta diversity, showing greater variation in Riparian vegetation species composition. In addition, beta diversity was positively affected by environmental heterogeneity. A total of 23 of the 84 species sampled occurred only in the changed environment, 42 were exclusive to preserved sites and 19 occurred in both environments. The environmental change caused by riparian forest removal drastically affects the butterfly community. Therefore, riparian vegetation is extremely important for butterfly preservation in the Cerrado and may be a true biodiversity oasis, especially during the dry periods, when the biome undergoes water stress and resource supply is more limited. © 2016 Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Introduction Natural habitats have been drastically reduced and/or modified by intense human activities, which have caused only few vege- Riparian forest is defined as the forest vegetation established tation remnants to persist. The primary cause of the decline of along the shores of medium to large rivers. This vegetation has species diversity in riparian forest is habitat loss. Forest fragmen- important features and resources for the survival of animal commu- tation increases with the loss of original habitat and has its size nities (Ribeiro and Walter, 1998, 2001), providing high humidity, reduced, consequently, the isolation of habitat patches increases. temperatures that are cooler and more stable than that of the Changes in the use of the riparian vegetation, as well as the vari- surrounding landscape, low light incidence and abundant food ation in the intensity of use may cause the loss of some specific resources (Brown, 2000). In addition, riparian forests are also environmental conditions or resources that are important for the ecological corridors for wildlife, connect different habitat frag- species. Such loss may thus reduce abundance, cause local extinc- ments and effectively increase percolation in the landscape scale tion of more sensitive species or in some cases favor the input and (Metzger, 2010). The density of animal species in the riparian the establishment of generalist or invasive species (Barrella et al., forests in dryer regions and seasons may lead to an intense biotic 2000). pressure among the populations present, leading to genetic diversi- The Cerrado is one of the Brazilian biomes that have most suf- fication and evolution, and consequently to a high species richness fered the effects of anthropization. This biome has high levels of (Brown, 2000). endemism (Rodrigues, 2005; Camargo, 2001; Pinheiro, 2008) for several groups, in addition a high species diversity. An example is the butterfly fauna, which consists on a group with high species ∗ richness, extremely dependent on specific resources (plants) and Corresponding author. highly faithful to microhabitats (Brown and Freitas, 2002; Freitas E-mail: [email protected] (L. Juen). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.10.004 0085-5626/© 2016 Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Please cite this article in press as: Cabette, H.S., et al. Effects of changes in the riparian forest on the butterfly community (Insecta: Lepidoptera) in Cerrado areas. Rev. Brasil. Entomol. (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.10.004 G Model RBE-123; No. of Pages 8 ARTICLE IN PRESS 2 H.S. Cabette et al. / Revista Brasileira de Entomologia xxx (2016) xxx–xxx et al., 2003). Butterflies are especially dependent on specific for butterflies, in contrast to the observed when the vegetation is resources associated with environments with high humidity and removed (higher sunlight input, high temperatures, drought stress abundant food resources (Brown, 1992, 2000; Camargo, 2001). and loss of specific microhabitats). The reduction or elimination Butterflies respond quickly to environmental and climatic of resources and/or specific microhabitats would lead to the local changes are relatively easy to monitor, and its community struc- extinction of specialist species, favoring the persistence of gener- ture is easily assessed (Brown, 1992; Brown and Freitas, 1999, 2000; alist species. Raimundo et al., 2003; Uehara-Prado et al., 2009). These insects are involved in many interactions in the surrounding environment, for example, pollination and predation (Bogiani et al., 2012). There- Material and methods fore, butterflies are important for the functioning of ecosystem services and are good models for ecological studies. Given this Our study was carried out in two streams that drain from the Left scenario, our objective was to evaluate the effect of the riparian Bank of the Pindaíba River. This river is a tributary in the right bank forest changes on species richness, beta diversity and composi- of the Middle Mortes River, located at the Southwest region of the tion of butterfly species in savannah areas of Mato Grosso, Brazil. state of Mato Grosso, and runs through the municipalities of Barra Therefore, we tested the hypotheses that: (i) higher species rich- do Garc¸ as, Araguaiana, Cocalinho and Nova Xavantina. The regional ness and (ii) beta diversity would be recorded in more preserved climate is Aw according to Köppen, with two well-defined sea- environments, and (iii) species composition would be more homo- sons – dry from May to October and rainy from November to April geneous in disturbed habitats. Preserved sites have wider riparian (Peel et al., 2007). The average annual rainfall ranges from 1500 to ◦ forest and therefore may provide greater availability and diversity 1800 mm and the temperature from 18.9 and 33.7 C (INMET, 2009). of food resources. We assume that environmental conditions such The main soil use changes are derived from beef cattle breeding as temperature and humidity in preserved areas are more favorable activities and extensive agriculture. N 52º35’0”W 52º30’0”W 52º25’0”W 52º20’0”W 52º15’0”W 52º10’0”W 52º5’0”W 52º0’0”W 51º55’0”W 14º45’0”S 14º45’0” CRCV4 14º50’0”S 14º50’0” 14º55’0”S 14º55’0” CRCV3 CRM2 CRCV1 CRM1 CRM3 CRCV2 15º0’0”S CRM4 15º0’0”S 15º5’0”S 15º5’0”S 52º35’0”W 52º30’0”W 52º25’0”W 52º20’0”W 52º15’0”W 52º10’0”W 52º5’0”W 52º0’0”W 51º55’0”W 0 3500 7000 14 000 21 000 28 000 Meters Fig. 1. Butterfly sampling sites at the Pindaíba River Basin, MT – Brazil; (CVS 1, CVS 2, CVS 3, CVS 4 = Caveira stream (1st to 4th order); MS 1, MS 2, MS 3 and MS 4 = Mata Stream (1st to 4th order). Please cite this article in press as: Cabette, H.S., et al. Effects of changes in the riparian forest on the butterfly community (Insecta: Lepidoptera) in Cerrado areas. Rev. Brasil. Entomol. (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.10.004 G Model RBE-123; No. of Pages 8 ARTICLE IN PRESS H.S. Cabette et al. / Revista Brasileira de Entomologia xxx (2016) xxx–xxx 3 Table 1 used the richness estimated by the nonparametric jackknife esti- Butterfly sampling sites in the Riparian Forest, orders of streams, codes, geographical mator, using the software EstimateS Win 7.5.0 (Colwell, 2005). This coordinates and Habitat Integrity Index (HII); Pindaíba River Basin, MT, 2007–2008. technique yields more accurate values of species richness of a given Streams Orders Codes Coordinates HII community (Krebs, 1999; Walther and Morand, 1998), and provides ◦ ◦ Caveira 1st CVS 1 S14 59 06.0 W50 20 29.0 0.6 a confidence interval that enables statistical comparisons between ◦ ◦ 2nd CVS 2 S14 59 53.4 W52 18 17.5 0.5 two or more sampled regions. We used the inference by confidence ◦ ◦ 3rd CVS 3 S14 57 28.7 W52 13 43.9 0.7 ◦ ◦ interval to compare richness among sites, where a treatment is only 4th CVS 4 S14 49 47.7 W52 03 16.4 0.6 ◦ ◦ considered different from the other when the confidence interval Mata 1st MS 1 S14 29 51.7 W52 28 42.6 1.0 ◦ ◦ of a group does not overlap the mean of the other.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nymphalidae, Brassolinae) from Panama, with Remarks on Larval Food Plants for the Subfamily
    Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 5,3 (4), 1999, 142- 152 EARLY STAGES OF CALICO ILLIONEUS AND C. lDOMENEUS (NYMPHALIDAE, BRASSOLINAE) FROM PANAMA, WITH REMARKS ON LARVAL FOOD PLANTS FOR THE SUBFAMILY. CARLA M. PENZ Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Milwaukee Public Museum, 800 West Wells Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, USA , and Curso de P6s-Gradua9ao em Biocicncias, Pontiffcia Universidade Cat61ica do Rio Grande do SuI, Av. Ipiranga 6681, FOlto Alegre, RS 90619-900, BRAZIL ANNETTE AIELLO Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apdo. 2072, Balboa, Ancon, HEPUBLIC OF PANAMA AND ROBERT B. SRYGLEY Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apdo. 2072, Balboa, Ancon, REPUBLIC OF PANAMA, and Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX13PS, ENGLAND ABSTRACT, Here we describe the complete life cycle of Galigo illioneus oberon Butler and the mature larva and pupa of C. idomeneus (L.). The mature larva and pupa of each species are illustrated. We also provide a compilation of host records for members of the Brassolinae and briefly address the interaction between these butterflies and their larval food plants, Additional key words: Central America, host records, monocotyledonous plants, larval food plants. The nymphalid subfamily Brassolinae includes METHODS Neotropical species of large body size and crepuscular habits, both as caterpillars and adults (Harrison 1963, Between 25 May and .31 December, 1994 we Casagrande 1979, DeVries 1987, Slygley 1994). Larvae searched for ovipositing female butterflies along generally consume large quantities of plant material to Pipeline Road, Soberania National Park, Panama, mo­ reach maturity, a behavior that may be related as much tivated by a study on Caligo mating behavior (Srygley to the low nutrient content of their larval food plants & Penz 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogue of the Type Specimens of Lepidoptera Rhopalocera in the Hill Museum
    Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries CATALOGUE OF THE Type Specimens of Lepidoptera Rhopalocera IN THE HILL MUSEUM BY A. G. GABRIEL, F.E.S. Issued June, 1932 LONDON JOHN BALE, SONS & DANIELSSON, LTD. 83-91, GBEAT TITCHFIELD STEEET, OXEOED STEEET, W. 1 1932 Price 20/- Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries Unfortunately Mr. Joicey did not live to see the publication of this Catalogue. It will however remain, together with the four completed volumes of the " Bulletin of the Hill Museum," as a lasting memorial to to the magnificent collection of Lepidoptera amassed by Mr. Joicey, and to the work carried out at the Hill Museum under his auspices. G. Talbot. Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries CATALOGUE OF THE TYPE SPECIMENS OF LEPIDOPTERA RHOPALOCERA IN THE HILL MUSEUM. By A. G. GABRIEL, F.E.S. INTRODUCTION BY G. TALBOT. It is important to know exactly where type specimens are to be found. The British Museum set an example by publishing catalogues of some of their Rhopalocera types, and we hope this will be continued. Mr. Gabriel, who was responsible for that work, has been asked by Mr. Joicey to prepare a catalogue for the Hill Museum. The original description of almost every name in this catalogue has been examined for the correct reference, and where the sex or habitat was wrongly quoted, the necessary correction has been made.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversidad Y Taxonomía De Mariposas Diurnas Del Macizo Acahay, Paraguarí, Paraguay
    FICHA DE INSCRIPCIÓN 1) Nombre COMPLETO del autor1: Selma Suzanne Araceli Van Ruymbeke Ramos 2) Número de DNI: 3815882 3) Fecha de Nacimiento: 14/07/93 4) Pasaporte: N428119 5) Teléfono: 021-584396 6) Celular: +595 981 890519 7) Correo electrónico: 8) Estudiante de grado ….. Estudiante de posgrado….. Graduado…X. 9) Carrera: Lic. En Ciencias Mención Biología 10) Unidad académica de pertenencia: Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales 11) Tiene necesidades especiales? No 12) Nombre del director del proyecto: Christian Vogt 13) Correo electrónico del director: [email protected] 14) Teléfono del director: +595 985 783730 15) Otros autores del trabajo: Ezequiel Núñez Bustos 16) Título del trabajo: Diversidad y Taxonomía de mariposas diurnas del Macizo Acahay, Paraguarí, Paraguay 1 En caso de que el trabajo sea seleccionado, SOLAMENTE el autor consignado en este campo participará de las XXVI JJI de AUGM en la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina. 17) Línea de investigación de AUGM a la que pertenece (marque con una cruz) A. Humanidades 1. A cien años de la Reforma Universitaria: saber te hace libre 2. Evaluación Institucional, Planeamiento Estratégico y Gestión Universitaria 3. Ciencias Políticas y Sociales 4. Desarrollo Regional 5. Educación para la Integración 6. Enseñanza de Español y Portugués como Lengua Segunda o Extranjera 7. Extensión Universitaria 8. Género 9. Historia, Regiones, y Fronteras 10. Literatura, Imaginarios, Estética, y Cultura 11. Medios y Comunicación Universitaria 12. Procesos Cooperativos y Asociativos 13. Producción Artística y Cultural 14. Accesibilidad y Discapacidad B. Ciencias Exactas 15. Biofísica 16. Ciencias e Ingeniería de Materiales 17. Ciencia, Tecnología, e innovación 18.
    [Show full text]
  • Mariposas Diurnas
    34 TROP. LEPID. RES., 21(1): 34-42, 2011 NÚÑEZ Bustos ET AL.: Mariposas de Osununú MARIPOSAS DIURNAS (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONOIDEA Y HESPERIOIDEA) DE LA RESERVA PRIVADA OSUNUNÚ-PARQUE PROVINCIAL TEYÚ CUARÉ Y ALREDEDORES DE SAN IGNACIO, PROVINCIA DE MISIONES, ARGENTINA Ezequiel O. Núñez Bustos1, Paola Favre2, María Paula Bertolini3, Jon D. Turner4 and Andrei Sourakov4 1Gestión Mariposas en Peligro, Fundación de Historia Natural Félix de Azara, Cangallo 1125 (1640), Martínez, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected] 2Avellaneda 2343 (1636), Olivos, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. 3Departamento de Conservación e Investigación, Fundación Temaikén, Ruta Provincial 25, Km. 0.7 (1625), Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. 4McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Abstract - During nine field trips from December 2008 to September 2010, 357 species of butterflies were found at Argentina’s Teyú Cuaré Provincial Park and Osununú private reserve, in the Interior Atlantic Forest biome. A list of these species is presented here, representing the first list of Lepidoptera from southern Misiones. A number of species typical of Brazilian and Paraguayan cerrado vegetation, such as Eurytides dolicaon deicoon, Aricoris aff. colchis and Cogia hassan evansi, were found in this study. This suggests a possible movement of these species from northern latitudes through gallery forests along the Paraná river. The species Napaea eucharila (Bates, 1867) and Pompeius dares (Plötz, 1883) are new records for the country. Additional species should eventually be recorded, especially within grassland on the outskirts of Osununú reserve, when we expand our sampling efforts to other times throughout the year.
    [Show full text]
  • Combining Taxonomic and Functional Approaches to Unravel the Spatial Distribution of an Amazonian Butterfly Community
    Environmental Entomology Advance Access published December 7, 2015 Environmental Entomology, 2015, 1–9 doi: 10.1093/ee/nvv183 Community and Ecosystem Ecology Research article Combining Taxonomic and Functional Approaches to Unravel the Spatial Distribution of an Amazonian Butterfly Community Marlon B. Grac¸a,1,2,3 Jose´W. Morais,1 Elizabeth Franklin,1,2 Pedro A. C. L. Pequeno,1,2 Jorge L. P. Souza,1,2 and Anderson Saldanha Bueno,1,4 1Biodiversity Coordination, National Institute for Amazonian Research, INPA, Manaus, Brazil ([email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]), 2Center for Integrated Studies of Amazonian Biodiversity, CENBAM, Manaus, Brazil, 3Corresponding author, e-mail: marlon_lgp@hotmail. com, and 4Campus Ju´lio de Castilhos, Farroupilha Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Brazil ([email protected]) Received 24 August 2015; Accepted 10 November 2015 Abstract This study investigated the spatial distribution of an Amazonian fruit-feeding butterfly assemblage by linking spe- cies taxonomic and functional approaches. We hypothesized that: 1) vegetation richness (i.e., resources) and abun- dance of insectivorous birds (i.e., predators) should drive changes in butterfly taxonomic composition, 2) larval diet breadth should decrease with increase of plant species richness, 3) small-sized adults should be favored by higher abundance of birds, and 4) communities with eyespot markings should be able to exploit areas with higher predation pressure. Fruit-feeding butterflies were sampled with bait traps and insect nets across 25 km2 of an Amazonian ombrophilous forest in Brazil. We measured larval diet breadth, adult body size, and wing marking of all butterflies.
    [Show full text]
  • Un Modelo De Bioprospección En Educación Con La Mariposa Búho
    LA MARIPOSA BÚHO, Caligo telamonius: CICLO DE VIDA, CRÍA EN CONDICIONES DE SABANA DE BOGOTÁ Y UN MODELO DE BIOPROSPECCIÓN EN EDUCACIÓN OSCAR REINEL ALFONSO CASTILLO DIANA CAROLINA PIRACÓN LOZANO UNIVERSIDAD DE BOGOTÁ JORGE TADEO LOZANO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS NATURALES E INGENIERÍA MAESTRÍA EN CIENCIAS AMBIENTALES BOGOTÁ 2016 LA MARIPOSA BÚHO, Caligo telamonius: CICLO DE VIDA, CRÍA EN CONDICIONES DE SABANA DE BOGOTÁ Y UN MODELO DE BIOPROSPECCIÓN EN EDUCACIÓN Oscar Reinel Alfonso Castillo Licenciado en Biología Diana Carolina Piracón Lozano Licenciada en Biología Trabajo presentado como requisito para optar al título de Magister en Ciencias Ambientales Directora: Luz Stella Fuentes Quintero Ingeniera Agrónoma, MSc UNIVERSIDAD DE BOGOTÁ JORGE TADEO LOZANO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS NATURALES E INGENIERÍA MAESTRÍA EN CIENCIAS AMBIENTALES BOGOTÁ 2016 NOTA DE ACEPTACIÓN ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ M. Sc. Luz Stella Fuentes Quintero ________________________________________________ Jurado ________________________________________________ Jurado “Al final conservaremos sólo aquello que amemos, amaremos sólo aquello que comprendamos, y comprenderemos sólo aquello que se nos enseñe”. (Baba Dioum) Dedicamos este trabajo a nuestros padres y hermanos por ser el pilar fundamental en
    [Show full text]
  • Estágios Imaturos De Caligo Illioneus Illioneus (Cramer) (Nymphalidae: Morphinae: Brassolini)
    November - December 2009 801 SYSTEMATICS, MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY Estágios Imaturos de Caligo illioneus illioneus (Cramer) (Nymphalidae: Morphinae: Brassolini) MARIA J S SPECHT1,2, MÁRLON PALUCH1,3 1Depto. de Zoologia, Univ. Federal de Pernambuco, Av Prof Moraes Rêgo s/nº, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901, Recife, PE; 2Bolsista PIBIC/CNPq; [email protected]; 3Pesquisador CNPq/FACEPE; [email protected] Edited by Marcelo Duarte – MZ/USP Neotropical Entomology 38(6):801-808 (2009) Immature Stages of Caligo illioneus illioneus (Cramer) (Nymphalidae: Morphinae: Brassolini) ABSTRACT - The biology and external morphology of the immature stages of Caligo illioneus illioneus (Cramer) are described from ovipositions collected on leaves of Heliconia velloziana (Heliconiaceae) in the Atlantic Forest in Pernambuco state, Brazil. KEY WORDS: Ontogeny, chaetotaxy, ornamental plant, Atlantic Forest RESUMO - Este trabalho descreve a biologia e morfologia externa dos estágios imaturos de Caligo illioneus illioneus (Cramer) coletados na Mata Atlântica do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, a partir de oviposições em folhas de Heliconia velloziana (Heliconiaceae). PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ontogenia, quetotaxia, planta ornamental, Mata Atlântica A tribo Brassolini (Morphinae) é exclusivamente Segundo Casagrande (2002) a monofi lia dos brassolíneos Neotropical e abriga 18 gêneros nas subtribos Biina, está sustentada em caracteres morfológicos das asas como Brassolina e Naropina. O gênero Caligo Hübner (Brassolina) presença de célula e veias umerais, célula discal fechada em possui 21 espécies, todas de grande porte (acima de 100 mm ambas as asas, androcônias, pincéis de pelos e também no uso de envergadura) e em sua maioria de hábitos crepusculares de monocotiledôneas como planta hospedeira das larvas. (Penz et al 1999, Casagrande & Mielke 2000, Casagrande No Brasil, nenhum estudo detalhado foi realizado com 2002, Casagrande 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Land Use on Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Abundance and Diversity in the Tropical Coastal Regions of Guyana and Australia
    ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following work: Sambhu, Hemchandranauth (2018) Effects of land use on butterfly (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) abundance and diversity in the tropical coastal regions of Guyana and Australia. PhD Thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: https://doi.org/10.25903/5bd8e93df512e Copyright © 2018 Hemchandranauth Sambhu The author has certified to JCU that they have made a reasonable effort to gain permission and acknowledge the owners of any third party copyright material included in this document. If you believe that this is not the case, please email [email protected] EFFECTS OF LAND USE ON BUTTERFLY (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE) ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY IN THE TROPICAL COASTAL REGIONS OF GUYANA AND AUSTRALIA _____________________________________________ By: Hemchandranauth Sambhu B.Sc. (Biology), University of Guyana, Guyana M.Sc. (Res: Plant and Environmental Sciences), University of Warwick, United Kingdom A thesis Prepared for the College of Science and Engineering, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy James Cook University February, 2018 DEDICATION ________________________________________________________ I dedicate this thesis to my wife, Alliea, and to our little girl who is yet to make her first appearance in this world. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ________________________________________________________ I would like to thank the Australian Government through their Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade for graciously offering me a scholarship (Australia Aid Award – AusAid) to study in Australia. From the time of my departure from my home country in 2014, Alex Salvador, Katherine Elliott and other members of the AusAid team have always ensured that the highest quality of care was extended to me as a foreign student in a distant land.
    [Show full text]
  • Illustrations of New Species of Exotic Butterflies
    ^^3 ILLUSTRATIONS OP NEW SPECIES OP EXOTIC BUTTERFLIES WILLIAM C. HBWITSON. lit SELECTED CHIEFLY FEOM HIS OWN COLLECTION. VOL. V. JOHN VAN VOORST, LONDON. 1872—1876. LONDON : PRINTED BY WOODFALL AND KINDER, . MILFORD LANE, STRAND, W.O. PREFACE. It is with regret, not however unmixed with satisfaction, tliat I come to the close of a work which has been to me a twenty-five years' labour of love. With regret that age and failing health forbid me to commence another volume. With satisfaction when I remember the great kindness which I have experienced personally from aU lepidopterists during its progress, and the very favourable reception it has met with from aE, and especially from those whose position as naturalists gives value to their opinions. I have many times during the progress of the book expressed my grati- tude for the kindness and liberality which I have met with from Dr. Boisduval, not only in giving me free access to his collections, but in allowing me during his absence to select from them and bring home with me aU that I wished to figure, feeling, as I do, the difiiculty I should myself experience in being parted from any of my treasures. To the generous encouragement met with from Mr. Wilson Saunders, especially at its commencement, the work owes much of its success. I am fully aware of and regret many errors, but have endeavoured to atone for them as much as possible by myself pointing them out and correcting them. It has always been my study to make the work useful rather than attractive.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Crossref Molecular systematics of the subfamily Limenitidinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Bidur Dhungel1 and Niklas Wahlberg2 1 Southwestern Centre for Research and PhD Studies, Kathmandu, Nepal 2 Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ABSTRACT We studied the systematics of the subfamily Limenitidinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphal- idae) using molecular methods to reconstruct a robust phylogenetic hypothesis. The molecular data matrix comprised 205 Limenitidinae species, four outgroups, and 11,327 aligned nucleotide sites using up to 18 genes per species of which seven genes (CycY, Exp1, Nex9, PolII, ProSup, PSb and UDPG6DH) have not previously been used in phylogenetic studies. We recovered the monophyly of the subfamily Limenitidinae and seven higher clades corresponding to four traditional tribes Parthenini, Adoliadini, Neptini, Limenitidini as well as three additional independent lineages. One contains the genera Harma C Cymothoe and likely a third, Bhagadatta, and the other two indepen- dent lineages lead to Pseudoneptis and to Pseudacraea. These independent lineages are circumscribed as new tribes. Parthenini was recovered as sister to rest of Limenitidinae, but the relationships of the remaining six lineages were ambiguous. A number of genera were found to be non-monophyletic, with Pantoporia, Euthalia, Athyma, and Parasarpa being polyphyletic, whereas Limenitis, Neptis, Bebearia, Euryphura, and Adelpha were paraphyletic. Subjects Biodiversity, Entomology, Taxonomy Keywords Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Systematics, New tribe, Classification, Limenitidinae Submitted 22 November 2017 Accepted 11 January 2018 Published 2 February 2018 INTRODUCTION Corresponding author Niklas Wahlberg, The butterfly family Nymphalidae has been the subject of intensive research in many fields [email protected] of biology over the decades.
    [Show full text]
  • Topicos Sobre Sistematica Y Morfología
    TOPICOS SOBRE SISTEMATICA Y MORFOLOGÍA 905 ESTUDIO HISTOLÓGICO PRELIMINAR DEL TUBO DIGESTIVO DE Dythemis velox (LIBELLULIDAE: ODONATA) Preliminar histological study of digestive Duct of Dythemis velox (Libellulidae: Odonata) María del Pilar Villeda-Callejas, Héctor Barrera Escorcia, María de Jesús González Reyes y José Ángel Lara Vázquez. Laboratorio de Zoología, Laboratorio de microscopía FES- Iztacala, UNAM. Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México. México C.P. 54090 correo: mapili_villeda @ yahoo.com.mx ó hectorbarrerae @hotmail.com. Palabras Clave: Odonata, tubo digestivo, técnica histológica. Introducción El tubo digestivo de los insectos varía en su morfología de acuerdo al tipo de alimentación y las fases de desarrollo del organismo, generalmente se observan tres regiones bien diferenciadas, que en un sentido anteroposterior son: el estomodeo o intestino anterior; el mesodeo o íntestino medio y el proctodeo o intestino posterior (Morón, 1987; De la Fuente, 1994; Richards y Davies, 1977). Ordinariamente entre el estomodeo y el mesodeo se encuentra la válvula estomodeica o cárdica, y entre el mesodeo y el proctodeo la válvula proctodeica o pilórica. El estomodeo y el proctodeo provienen de invaginaciones del ectodermo; el mesodeo se forma a partir del endodermo (Ross, 1973) De la Fuente diferencia en el estomodeo; la faringe y el esófago; en la mayoría de los casos además se puede apreciar que el esófago esta conformado por la región anterior, el buche, la molleja o proventrículo y una válvula cárdica o esofágica El mesodeo, también llamado estómago o ventrículo, es muy variable en los hexápodos y puede ser tubular o en forma de saco, recto o enrollado, uniforme o dividido en regiones (De la Fuente, 1994).
    [Show full text]
  • Adelpha Iphiclus (Pointed Sister Butterfly)
    UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology Adelpha iphiclus (Pointed Sister Butterfly) Order: Lepidoptera (Butterflies and Moths) Class: Insecta (Insects) Phylum: Arthropoda (Arthropods) Fig. 1. Pointed sister butterfly, Adelpha iphiclus. [http://www.learnaboutbutterflies.com/Amazon%20-%20Adelpha%20iphiclus.htm, downloaded 30 March 2015] TRAITS. The wingspan of the pointed sister or iphiclus sister butterfly is about 47mm, with brown ground colour, dark marbled pattern and the distinctive white bands on their forewings and hindwings (Fig. 1). They possess two antennae which have two grooves on the underside. Butterflies in this family (Nymphalidae) are also referred to as brush-footed or four-footed butterflies, as adults have a short or reduced pair of forelegs. Fully grown larvae are dark brown with two spines on their backs (Fig. 2). Their bodies are covered with hairs with projections on their heads, and their chrysalids are known for their characteristic shiny spots (Hoskins, 2015). DISTRIBUTION. Adelpha iphiclus is found mostly in the sub-tropics and tropics of Central and South America, specifically from Bolivia to Mexico and are also found in tropical forests of Trinidad, Venezuela, Ecuador, western Colombia, Peru, Brazil, and Surinam (Hoskins, 2015). UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology HABITAT AND ACITIVITY. The habitat of these butterflies consists mainly of evergreen, mixed pine-hardwood forest and oak dominated deciduous woodlands, having altitudes which range from 0-1,200m occasionally to 3000m. Areas with sunlight such as river sides, roads, paths, and other man-made habitat edges (anthropogenic) and areas where tree falls have caused forest openings are also attractive to these butterflies.
    [Show full text]