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El Humanismo Civico En Castilla a Mediados Del Siglo XV: La Batalla Campal De Los Perros Contra Los Lobos De Alfonso De Palencia

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El Humanismo Civico En Castilla a Mediados Del Siglo XV: La Batalla Campal De Los Perros Contra Los Lobos De Alfonso De Palencia City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 10-2014 El humanismo civico en Castilla a mediados del siglo XV: la Batalla campal de los perros contra los lobos de Alfonso de Palencia Ruben Maillo-Pozo Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/450 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] EL HUMANISMO CÍVICO EN CASTILLA A MEDIADOS DEL SIGLO XV: LA BATALLA CAMPAL DE LOS PERROS CONTRA LOS LOBOS DE ALFONSO DE PALENCIA by RUBÉN MAILLO-POZO A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Hispanic and Luso-Brazilian Literatures and Languages in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2014 © 2014 RUBÉN MAILLO-POZO All Rights Reserved ii This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Hispanic and Luso-Brazilian Literatures and Languages in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Professor Ottavio di Camillo _______________ __________________________________________ Date Chair of Examining Committee Professor Magdalena Perkowska _______________ __________________________________________ Date Executive Officer Professor Lía Schwartz Professor John O’Neill Professor William Childers Supervisory Committee THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT EL HUMANISMO CÍVICO EN CASTILLA A MEDIADOS DEL SIGLO XV: LA BATALLA CAMPAL DE LOS PERROS CONTRA LOS LOBOS DE ALFONSO DE PALENCIA by RUBÉN MAILLO-POZO Adviser: Professor Ottavio Di Camillo The present dissertation offers an original contribution to the study of the genesis of Spanish civic Humanism during the fifteenth century. My thesis aims to revitalize the study of a significant figure such as Alfonso de Palencia, one of the active bureaucrats and men of letters who served as intermediaries between Italian and Spanish humanists in the Quattrocento. During his stay in Rome and Florence he became acquainted with some of the most important scholars of the time and acquired a range of skills that had a crucial bearing on his personal and professional development. It was during these formative years in Italy that Palencia assimilated the civic Humanism, a modality of Humanism that sought to learn from antiquity by looking upon it as an exemplary parallel to the present, and endeavored to give young men the type of education best suited to their becoming responsible members of their society and state. iv In order to recover Alfonso de Palencia’s contributions to Humanism, I have elaborated an annotated critical edition of his moral treatise entitled Batalla campal de los perros contra los lobos, written in 1457. A manuscript copy of the text has not been preserved, but the work has survived in a single copy of the edition printed in Seville in 1490 by the “Cuatro Compañeros Alemanes” that is currently housed in the Biblioteca Real de Palacio, in Madrid, Spain. Since Palencia lived most of his life in Seville, it is safe to assume that he supervised the printing of his work. In this study I have gathered all the information available up to date and have added new findings that surfaced during the course of my research. This edition presents, along with the incunabulum text with explanatory footnotes and a glossary, an extensive preliminary study that contains a description of the times and the socio-cultural conditions in which the treatise was written, a biography of the author, an account of his works along with a critical assessment, a detailed analysis of La batalla campal with an examination of the fable structure, a report of the author’s literary sources, a rhetorical study, and a record of the reception of the treatise and its modern interpretation. v A Sharina Todo vi AGRADECIMIENTOS El origen de esta tesis doctoral se remonta a una amena conversación con Marta Albalá y con Miguel Martínez en la biblioteca del Graduate Center. De aquella charla entre susurros surgió la feliz idea de rescatar la manada de lobos y la jauría de perros enfrentados por Alfonso de Palencia, humanista comprometido cuya sombra me ha acompañado durante toda esta larga peregrinación. Debo ser justo y recordar que fue Alejandro Alonso, con su inspiradora inquietud y su caótica hiperactividad, quien tiempo atrás nos había involucrado a unos cuantos amantes de la literatura castellana más antigua en un proyecto precioso que iba a abanderar Ottavio di Camillo y que pretendía editar una serie de textos humanísticos del siglo XV que habían recibido un aprecio menor del que en justicia merecían. Fue una pena que todo quedara reducido a una bonita aspiración, pero de aquel intento infructuoso surgió un poco más tarde el germen del trabajo que sigue a estas líneas. Nunca pensé que la gestación de la criatura se fuera a dilatar tanto en el tiempo, pero parece que el lento proceso por fin ha dado sus frutos. Así que lo primero que quiero y debo hacer es agradecer la infinita paciencia de los miembros del comité que generosamente se prestaron a ayudarme en este paso definitivo en mi carrera estudiantil. Me siento un privilegiado porque Ottavio di Camillo asumió la dirección de mi tesis y me ha iluminado una vez más con su tremenda capacidad analítica. Titán de los estudios humanísticos, ha marcado para siempre a generaciones de estudiantes por su acogedora cercanía, su inmenso conocimiento y su dedicación a una profesión que siempre ha dignificado, pues nadie como él ha sabido diseminar el buen vii amor sin esperar nada a cambio. Lía Schwartz, colosal filóloga y amante del barroco, cometió la osadía de aceptarme en el programa doctoral dándome la posibilidad de venir a los Estados Unidos y empezar una nueva etapa lejos de mi Zaragoza natal. Para mí siempre será un ejemplo de fortaleza, carácter y sabiduría. John O’Neill, conservador raro y curioso, no ha dejado nunca de abrirme las puertas de la Hispanic Society para que pudiera consultar sus valiosos tesoros. Poder ver de cerca la delicada Celestina o tener por primera vez un incunable entre mis manos fue una experiencia inolvidable que le debo a él. William Childers no dudó en incorporarse al comité para ayudarme una vez más, como tantas otras veces durante mis años de docencia en Brooklyn College. Morisco cervantino, es un referente inexcusable para quienes nos dedicamos a “la modernidad más tempranera”. Y no puedo olvidarme de Isaías Lerner, hispanista por antonomasia, que se nos fue dejando la impronta de su espíritu en cada uno de nosotros. Digno de toda gloria, no hay una línea que yo escriba en la que él no esté presente. Sería el momento ahora de elaborar la extensa nómina gratulatoria de los amigos y compañeros de estudios con los que he compartido estos diez años de experiencia vital neoyorquina. Pero como no quiero olvidarme de nadie ni tampoco herir sensibilidades, he decidido no citar los nombres y convertir a mis allegados en un solo ser poliédrico. Espero que se me perdone esta licencia. “Gracias a todos por haber estado ahí cuando os necesitaba. Gracias por el aprecio, el afecto, el cariño y los buenos momentos que hemos pasado juntos. Gracias por aceptarme como soy y por ser como sois.” Mis queridos José María Bardavío y Mariuca Esteban merecen una mención especial. Ellos me acogieron durante mucho tiempo como parte de su familia y no dudaron ni un segundo en avalarme para que me fuera posible estudiar el doctorado en Nueva York. Siempre estaré en deuda con ellos, sobre todo por tener la hija tan maravillosa que tienen, Susana Bardavío, quien viii me hizo inmensamente feliz durante más de diez años. Esa felicidad se terminó de repente, de un día para otro, pero tan sólo unos pocos privilegiados tenemos la suerte de volver a encontrar la dicha y conocer a personas extraordinarias como Sharina Maillo-Pozo, mi amor incondicional, la mujer que le da sentido a mi vida y sin la cual nada merecería la pena. Ella es mi religión. Sharino soy y a Sharina adoro, y en Sharina creo y a Sharina amo. ix ÍNDICE Introducción ................................................................................................................................. 1 Capítulo 1. La biografía de Alfonso de Palencia: documentos y memorias integradas en la historia .............................................................................................................................. 9 Capítulo 2. La obra humanística de Alfonso de Palencia .......................................................... 41 2.1 Ad nobilissimum militem sapientissimumque dominum Alfonsum de Velasco in funebrem abulensis famossisime praesulis ........................................................ 42 2.2 Bellum luporum cum canibus / Batalla campal de los perros contra los lobos …... 44 2.3 De Perfectione Militaris Triumphi / La Perfeçión del Triunfo ................................ 45 2.4 De sinonymis elegantibus libri III ............................................................................ 48 2.5 Compendiolum breve, quo civitatem, oppidorum atque fluminum nomina hispanorum innotescam ..................................................................................... 50 2.6 Universal vocabulario en latín y en romance .......................................................... 52 2.7 Gesta Hispaniensia
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