DOCSLIB.ORG

Elizabeth Rhodes Phd Thesis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Elizabeth Rhodes Phd Thesis THE REFORMATION IN THE BURGH OF ST ANDREWS : PROPERTY, PIETY AND POWER Elizabeth Rhodes A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2013 Full metadata for this item is available in Research@StAndrews:FullText at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4476 This item is protected by original copyright The Reformation in the Burgh of St Andrews: Property, Piety and Power Elizabeth Rhodes This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 4 September 2013 Abstract This thesis examines the impact of the Reformation on the estates of ecclesiastical institutions and officials based in St Andrews. It argues that land and wealth were redistributed and power structures torn apart, as St Andrews changed from Scotland’s Catholic ecclesiastical capital to a conspicuously Protestant burgh. The rapid dispersal of the pre-Reformation church’s considerable ecclesiastical lands and revenues had long-term ramifications for the lives of local householders, for relations between religious and secular authorities, and for St Andrews’ viability as an urban community. Yet this major redistribution of wealth has had limited attention from scholars. The first part of this study considers the role played by the Catholic Church in St Andrews before the Reformation, and the means by which it was financed, examining the funding of the city’s pre-Reformation ecclesiastical foundations and officials, and arguing that (contrary to some traditional assumptions) the Catholic Church in St Andrews was on a reasonably sound financial footing until the Reformation. The second section considers the immediate disruption to St Andrews’ religious lands and revenues caused by the burgh’s public conversion to Protestantism, and then explores the more planned reorganisation of the 1560s. The disputes and difficulties triggered by the redistribution of ecclesiastical wealth are examined, as well as the longer term impact on St Andrews of the treatment of church revenues at the Reformation. Evidence for this study is chiefly drawn from the extensive body of manuscripts concerning St Andrews held by the National Library of Scotland, the National Records of Scotland, and the University of St Andrews Special Collections. ii 1. Candidate’s declarations: I, Elizabeth Rhodes, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately 71,900 words in length, has been written by me, that it is the record of work carried out by me and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student in September 2009 and as a candidate for the degree of PhD in History in September 2009; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews between 2009 and 2013. Date signature of candidate 2. Supervisor’s declaration: I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of PhD in History in the University of St Andrews and that the candidate is qualified to submit this thesis in application for that degree. Date signature of supervisor 3. Permission for electronic publication: In submitting this thesis to the University of St Andrews I understand that I am giving permission for it to be made available for use in accordance with the regulations of the University Library for the time being in force, subject to any copyright vested in the work not being affected thereby. I also understand that the title and the abstract will be published, and that a copy of the work may be made and supplied to any bona fide library or research worker, that my thesis will be electronically accessible for personal or research use unless exempt by award of an embargo, and that the library has the right to migrate my thesis into new electronic forms as required to ensure continued access to the thesis. I have obtained any third-party copyright permissions that may be required in order to allow such access and migration. The following is an agreed request by candidate and supervisor regarding the electronic publication of this thesis: (i) Access to printed copy and electronic publication of thesis through the University of St Andrews. Date signature of candidate signature of supervisor iii Acknowledgements In the course of writing this thesis I received help from many people. First and foremost, my supervisor, Professor Roger Mason, advised, inspired, and guided me throughout my doctoral research. I could not have asked for a more patient or supportive academic mentor and I should like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to him. I am also grateful to my funders, the Burnwynd Trust and the Schools Competition Act Settlement Trust. Without their assistance it would not have been possible for me to undertake post-graduate study. During my research I benefitted from the counsel and encouragement of many current and former members of the University of St Andrews, both in the School of History and in other departments. Such a large number of academics and administrators aided me in the compilation of this thesis that it is impossible to list them all. However, I should like to specially mention the insights proffered by John McCallum regarding the establishment of Protestantism in Fife. My fellow post-graduate students at St Andrews also gave vital practical and intellectual support. Notably, Cynthia Fry, Claire Hawes, Claire McLoughlin, and Elizabeth Tapscott provided me with friendship and new perspectives on Scottish history. In addition, I am grateful to Wayne Cuthbertson for the loan of numerous books, John Condren for discussing the structure of this thesis, and Nadja Kundmueller for her calmness and kindness during the final few months of my doctoral study. Many scholars outside of the University of St Andrews were also extremely helpful. I should like to especially thank Thomas Green for sharing with me material concerning iv disputes dealt with by the commissary courts, and Professor Christopher Wickham for allowing me to read relevant extracts from his forthcoming book on the city of Rome. I could not have completed my research without the assistance of archivists at the National Library of Scotland, the National Records of Scotland, and the University of St Andrews Special Collections. Particular thanks go to Norman Reid, Rachel Hart, and the rest of the team at St Andrews, who not merely tracked down manuscripts and gave palaeographical advice, but who initially highlighted to me the potential of the documentation regarding sixteenth-century St Andrews. I should also like to acknowledge my debt to the modern residents of St Andrews and the surrounding area, many of whom provided valuable insights and encouragement. I am especially grateful to David and Jane Watkinson, and Kenneth Dalton for showing me round their homes in the town centre, and to Margaret Beckett, and Colin and Anne Edgar for their hospitality and willingness to discuss early modern history. Finally, I should like to thank the staff and students of Andrew Melville Hall, my friends, and my family, who in their different ways have all supported my research. v Contents Conventions 1 Abbreviations 2 Introduction 4 Part 1 – Pre-Reformation Chapter 1 – Burgh and Church 16 Chapter 2 – Ecclesiastical Income 32 Chapter 3 – The Expansion of Church Estates 44 Chapter 4 – Administration, Secularization and Alienations 61 Part 2 – Post-Reformation Chapter 5 – The Reformation Crisis 85 Chapter 6 – Settlement of the 1560s 117 Chapter 7 – Conflict and Disintegration 141 Chapter 8 – Legacy 161 Conclusion 180 Appendix 1 – Tables 184 Appendix 2 – Maps 200 Appendix 3 – Overview of St Andrews Church Estates 203 Bibliography 220 vi Conventions Sixteenth century sources are frequently inconsistent in their spelling of the names of places and people. In this thesis names have been standardised in line with modern usage, except for quotations where the original spelling has been retained. A number of sources also make heavy use of abbreviation. For ease of reading these abbreviations have been silently expanded. Where texts make use of the letters thorn and yog these have been rendered as ‘th’ and ‘y’. Otherwise quotations are as in the original. Any words that have been inserted into texts are denoted by square brackets. Outside quotations dates are given in the New Style with the year starting on 1 January. Sums of money are given in Scottish pounds, shillings and pence, unless specifically stated to be in another currency. It should be noted that the value of Scottish money depreciated significantly during the sixteenth century. Up until 1560 the Scots pound was worth roughly a fourth of the pound Sterling, but by 1603 it was worth only a twelfth.1 1 A.J.S. Gibson and T.C. Smout, Prices, Food and Wages in Scotland, 1550-1780 (Cambridge, 1995), pp. 5-6. 1 Abbreviations ACTB Gordon Donaldson (ed.), Accounts of the Collectors of Thirds of Benefices 1561-1572 (Edinburgh, 1949). ALC Robert Kerr Hannay (ed.), Acts of the Lords of Council in Public Affairs, 1501-1554 (Edinburgh, 1932). ALHT Thomas Dickson, James Balfour Paul and Charles Thorpe McInnes (eds), Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland (13 vols, Edinburgh, 1877-1978). AM The Unabridged Acts and Monuments Online or TAMO (Sheffield, 2011). Available from: http://www.johnfoxe.org BA James Kirk (ed.), The Books of Assumption of the Thirds of Benefices: Scottish Ecclesiastical Rentals at the Reformation (Oxford, 1995). CRB J.D. Marwick (ed.), Records of the Convention of the Royal Burghs of Scotland (5 vols, Edinburgh, 1866-1885). ERS John Stuart, George Burnett, A.J.G. Mackay and G.P.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 126613853.23.Pdf
    Sc&- PUBLICATIONS OF THE SCOTTISH HISTORY SOCIETY VOLUME LIV STATUTES OF THE SCOTTISH CHURCH OCTOBEK 190' V STATUTES OF THE SCOTTISH CHURCH 1225-1559 Being a Translation of CONCILIA SCOTIAE: ECCLESIAE SCOTI- CANAE STATUTA TAM PROVINCIALIA QUAM SYNODALIA QUAE SUPERSUNT With Introduction and Notes by DAVID PATRICK, LL.D. Printed at the University Press by T. and A. Constable for the Scottish History Society 1907 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION— i. The Celtic Church in Scotland superseded by the Church of the Roman Obedience, . ix ir. The Independence of the Scottish Church and the Institution of the Provincial Council, . xxx in. Enormia, . xlvii iv. Sources of the Statutes, . li v. The Statutes and the Courts, .... Ivii vi. The Significance of the Statutes, ... lx vii. Irreverence and Shortcomings, .... Ixiv vni. Warying, . Ixx ix. Defective Learning, . Ixxv x. De Concubinariis, Ixxxvii xi. A Catholic Rebellion, ..... xciv xn. Pre-Reformation Puritanism, . xcvii xiii. Unpublished Documents of Archbishop Schevez, cvii xiv. Envoy, cxi List of Bishops and Archbishops, . cxiii Table of Money Values, cxiv Bull of Pope Honorius hi., ...... 1 Letter of the Conservator, ...... 1 Procedure, ......... 2 Forms of Excommunication, 3 General or Provincial Statutes of the Thirteenth Century, 8 Aberdeen Synodal Statutes of the Thirteenth Century, 30 Ecclesiastical Statutes of the Thirteenth Century, . 46 Constitutions of Bishop David of St. Andrews, . 57 St. Andrews Synodal Statutes of the Fourteenth Century, vii 68 viii STATUTES OF THE SCOTTISH CHURCH Provincial and Synodal Statute of the Fifteenth Century, . .78 Provincial Synod and General Council of 1420, . 80 General Council of 1459, 82 Provincial Council of 1549, ...... 84 General Provincial Council of 1551-2 ...
    [Show full text]
  • Publishers for the People: W. § R. Chambers — the Early Years, 1832-18S0
    I I 71-17,976 COONEY, Sondra Miley, 1936- PUBLISHERS FOR THE PEOPLE: W. § R. CHAMBERS — THE EARLY YEARS, 1832-18S0. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1970 Language and Literature, general University Microfilms, A XEROXCompany , Ann Arbor, Michigan © Copyright by Sondra Miley Cooney 1971 PUBLISHERS FOR THE PEOPLE: W. & R. CHAMBERS THE EARLY YEARS, 1832-1850 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Sondra Miley Cooney, B.A., A.M. The Ohio State University 1970 Approved by Adviser Department of English ACKNOWLEDGMENTS X wish to thank first those to whom I am indebted in Scotland. Had it not been for the assistance and co-operation of Mr. Antony S. Chambers, chairman of W. & R. Chambers Ltd, this study would never have become a reality. Not only did he initially give an unknown American permission to study the firm's archives, but he has subsequently provided whatever I needed to facilitate my research. Gracious and generous, he is a worthy descendent of the first Robert Chambers. All associated with the Chambers firm— directors and warehousemen alike— played an important part in my research, from answering technical queries to helping unearth records almost forgotten. Equally helpful in their own way were the librarians of the University of Edinburgh Library and the National Library of Scotland. Finally, the people of Edinburgh made a signif­ icant, albeit indirect, contribution. From them I learned something of what it means to a Scot to be a Scot. In this country I owe my greatest debt to my adviser, Professor Richard D.
    [Show full text]
  • A Singular Solace: an Ecclesiastical History of Haddington, 1560-2000
    A Singular Solace: An Ecclesiastical History of Haddington, 1560-2000 David William Dutton BA, MTh October 2020 This dissertation is submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Stirling for the degree of Master of Philosophy in History. Division of History and Politics 1 Research Degree Thesis Submission Candidates should prepare their thesis in line with the code of practice. Candidates should complete and submit this form, along with a soft bound copy of their thesis for each examiner, to: Student Services Hub, 2A1 Cottrell Building, or to [email protected]. Candidate’s Full Name: DAVID WILLIAM DUTTON Student ID: 2644948 Thesis Word Count: 49,936 Maximum word limits include appendices but exclude footnotes and bibliographies. Please tick the appropriate box MPhil 50,000 words (approx. 150 pages) PhD 80,000 words (approx. 300 pages) PhD (by publication) 80,000 words (approx. 300 pages) PhD (by practice) 40,000 words (approx. 120 pages) Doctor of Applied Social Research 60,000 words (approx. 180 pages) Doctor of Business Administration 60,000 (approx. 180 pages) Doctor of Education 60,000 (approx. 180 pages) Doctor of Midwifery / Nursing / Professional Health Studies 60,000 (approx. 180 pages) Doctor of Diplomacy 60,000 (approx. 180 pages) Thesis Title: A Singular Solace: An Ecclesiastical History of Haddington, 1560-2000 Declaration I wish to submit the thesis detailed above in according with the University of Stirling research degree regulations. I declare that the thesis embodies the results of my own research and was composed by me. Where appropriate I have acknowledged the nature and extent of work carried out in collaboration with others included in the thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Scottish Supreme Starting at $3319.00*
    Scottish Supreme Starting at $3319.00* Live a luxe life among the lochs Trip details This heart of Scotland tour showcases the country's Tour start Tour end Trip Highlights: gorgeous castles, cathedrals, and countryside. Enjoy an Glasgow Edinburgh • Loch Ness Cruise intimate small group tour with luxury accommodations • Glamis Castle at every stop. 8 7 12 • Traditional Afternoon Tea Days Nights Meals • St Andrews Castle & Cathedral • Whisky Experience • Cawdor Castle • Stirling Castle Hotels: • DoubleTree by Hilton Dunblane Hydro • Ness Walk • Fairmont St Andrews Hotel • The Dunstane Houses 2020 Scottish Supreme - 8 days/7 nights Trip Itinerary Day 1 Arrival in Dunblane Day 2 Stirling Castle | The Trossachs Your tour starts with a traditional Scottish afternoon tea at your hotel in Dunblane, Travel to the historic town of Stirling to visit Stirling Castle. Captured in the 13th 40 miles north of Glasgow. Your beautifully restored Victorian-style hotel is set on century from the English by William Wallace and then by Robert the Bruce, Stirling 10 acres of private grounds and offers an indoor pool, fitness room, sauna, steam Castle has featured largely throughout Scottish history. Drive through the stunning room, and whirlpool. In the evening meet your tour director and fellow travelers for scenery of the Trossachs National Park before returning to your hotel for some a welcome drink before dinner. (D) leisure time before dinner. (B, D) Day 4 Johnstons of Elgin | Distillery Tour | Cawdor Castle Day 3 Urquhart Castle | Loch Ness Cruise Visit Johnstons of Elgin to discover the 220-year-old story of Scottish innovation and luxury, and learn how local craftspeople have collaborated with generations of herding communities from Mongolia, China, Afghanistan, Australia, and Peru to Drive across the haunting Rannoch Moor and through Glencoe, often considered create the finest woolen and cashmere cloth and accessories.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Old Epsomian Biographies Between 1915 and 1939 Doctors: Gps, Consultants and the Most Eminent Researched by MAS Each Old Epsomian Is Listed in Alphabetical Order
    Index of Old Epsomian Biographies between 1915 and 1939 Doctors: GPs, Consultants and the Most Eminent Researched by MAS Each Old Epsomian is listed in alphabetical order. Those with longer biographies are linked to additional pages (click on underlined entries to follow the link). To find an entry, Ctrl+F. Acton, Hugh (born 1911). Epsom College: 1922-1929 HUGH ACTON (born 1911). M.B.E., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. (Eng.) [Epsom College 1922-1929] was the son of Lieutenant-Colonel H. W. Acton, I.M.S., brother of Major Gerald Acton, I.A. [Epsom College 1924-1932], and father of David John Acton [Epsom College 1954-1957]. He received his medical education at the Middlesex Hospital, and went into general practice at Upminster, Essex. During the Second World War he served as a Captain in the R.A.M.C. (1939-1945), in India and Burma. In 1945 he was awarded the M.B.E. for outstanding work in Meiktila, Burma. Apart from medicine, Hugh Acton was an important portrait photographer, much in demand with leading stage personalities. Some of his superb portraits have been acquired by well-known national collections. Adamson, Donald Clifford (born 1922). Epsom College: 1936-1941 DONALD CLIFFORD ADAMSON (born 1922). M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. (Eng.), D.A. (Eng.), F.F.A.R.C.S. [Epsom College 1936-1940] was the son of Dr W. W. Adamson, of Leeds, and brother of Dr Patrick Adamson, M.D. [Epsom College 1932-1937]. He received his medical education at St Thomas’s Hospital, and was appointed Consultant Anaesthetist at the Luton and Dunstable Hospital.
    [Show full text]
  • A Memorial Volume of St. Andrews University In
    DUPLICATE FROM THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, ST. ANDREWS, SCOTLAND. GIFT OF VOTIVA TABELLA H H H The Coats of Arms belong respectively to Alexander Stewart, natural son James Kennedy, Bishop of St of James IV, Archbishop of St Andrews 1440-1465, founder Andrews 1509-1513, and John Hepburn, Prior of St Andrews of St Salvator's College 1482-1522, cofounders of 1450 St Leonard's College 1512 The University- James Beaton, Archbishop of St Sir George Washington Andrews 1 522-1 539, who com- Baxter, menced the foundation of St grand-nephew and representative Mary's College 1537; Cardinal of Miss Mary Ann Baxter of David Beaton, Archbishop 1539- Balgavies, who founded 1546, who continued his brother's work, and John Hamilton, Arch- University College bishop 1 546-1 57 1, who com- Dundee in pleted the foundation 1880 1553 VOTIVA TABELLA A MEMORIAL VOLUME OF ST ANDREWS UNIVERSITY IN CONNECTION WITH ITS QUINCENTENARY FESTIVAL MDCCCCXI MCCCCXI iLVal Quo fit ut omnis Votiva pateat veluti descripta tabella Vita senis Horace PRINTED FOR THE UNIVERSITY BY ROBERT MACLEHOSE AND COMPANY LIMITED MCMXI GIF [ Presented by the University PREFACE This volume is intended primarily as a book of information about St Andrews University, to be placed in the hands of the distinguished guests who are coming from many lands to take part in our Quincentenary festival. It is accordingly in the main historical. In Part I the story is told of the beginning of the University and of its Colleges. Here it will be seen that the University was the work in the first instance of Churchmen unselfishly devoted to the improvement of their country, and manifesting by their acts that deep interest in education which long, before John Knox was born, lay in the heart of Scotland.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Scotland from the Accession of Alexander III. to The
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT LOS ANGELES THE GIFT OF MAY TREAT MORRISON IN MEMORY OF ALEXANDER F MORRISON THE A 1C MEMORIAL LIBRARY HISTORY OF THE HISTORY OF SCOTLAND, ACCESSION OF ALEXANDEB III. TO THE UNION. BY PATRICK FRASER TYTLER, ** F.RS.E. AND F.A.S. NEW EDITION. IN TEN VOLUMES. VOL. X. EDINBURGH: WILLIAM P. NIMMO. 1866. MUEKAY AND OIBB, PUINTERS. EDI.VBUKOII V.IC INDE X. ABBOT of Unreason, vi. 64 ABELARD, ii. 291 ABERBROTHOC, i. 318, 321 ; ii. 205, 207, 230 Henry, Abbot of, i. 99, Abbots of, ii. 206 Abbey of, ii. 205. See ARBROATH ABERCORN. Edward I. of England proceeds to, i. 147 Castle of, taken by James II. iv. 102, 104. Mentioned, 105 ABERCROMBY, author of the Martial Achievements, noticed, i. 125 n.; iv. 278 David, Dean of Aberdeen, iv. 264 ABERDEEN. Edward I. of England passes through, i. 105. Noticed, 174. Part of Wallace's body sent to, 186. Mentioned, 208; ii. Ill, n. iii. 148 iv. 206, 233 234, 237, 238, 248, 295, 364 ; 64, ; 159, v. vi. vii. 267 ; 9, 25, 30, 174, 219, 241 ; 175, 263, 265, 266 ; 278, viii. 339 ; 12 n.; ix. 14, 25, 26, 39, 75, 146, 152, 153, 154, 167, 233-234 iii. Bishop of, noticed, 76 ; iv. 137, 178, 206, 261, 290 ; v. 115, n. n. vi. 145, 149, 153, 155, 156, 167, 204, 205 242 ; 207 Thomas, bishop of, iv. 130 Provost of, vii. 164 n. Burgesses of, hanged by order of Wallace, i. 127 Breviary of, v. 36 n. Castle of, taken by Bruce, i.
    [Show full text]
  • Family Experiments Middle-Class, Professional Families in Australia and New Zealand C
    Family Experiments Middle-class, professional families in Australia and New Zealand c. 1880–1920 Family Experiments Middle-class, professional families in Australia and New Zealand c. 1880–1920 SHELLEY RICHARDSON Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Creator: Richardson, Shelley, author. Title: Family experiments : middle-class, professional families in Australia and New Zealand c 1880–1920 / Shelley Richardson. ISBN: 9781760460587 (paperback) 9781760460594 (ebook) Series: ANU lives series in biography. Subjects: Middle class families--Australia--Biography. Middle class families--New Zealand--Biography. Immigrant families--Australia--Biography. Immigrant families--New Zealand--Biography. Dewey Number: 306.85092 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. The ANU.Lives Series in Biography is an initiative of the National Centre of Biography at The Australian National University, ncb.anu.edu.au. Cover design and layout by ANU Press. Photograph adapted from: flic.kr/p/fkMKbm by Blue Mountains Local Studies. This edition © 2016 ANU Press Contents List of Illustrations . vii List of Abbreviations . ix Acknowledgements . xi Introduction . 1 Section One: Departures 1 . The Family and Mid-Victorian Idealism . 39 2 . The Family and Mid-Victorian Realities . 67 Section Two: Arrival and Establishment 3 . The Academic Evangelists . 93 4 . The Lawyers . 143 Section Three: Marriage and Aspirations: Colonial Families 5 .
    [Show full text]
  • Winter 2015 Newsletter
    THE SCOTTISH SOCIETY OF INDIANAPOLIS-""Gach ni Albanach!" Winter Edition, December 2015 - January 2016 2016 Board of Trustees Robin Jarrett, President, [email protected] Steven Johnson, Treasurer [email protected] Elisabeth Hedges, Secretary From the desk of the President [email protected] Fellow Scots, Carson C Smith, Trustee [email protected] State of Society Address: 2015 has been an amazing year for the Scottish Society of Indianapolis. If 2014 was a year of healing, Andy Thompson, Trustee than 2015 was a year of re-building. It’s would be safe to say that [email protected] never in our history have we executed our mission in as many places and to as many people as we have in the past twelve months. I stood Samuel Lawson,Trustee before you a year ago and proclaimed the Society healthy and [email protected] solvent. I can say with great pleasure and satisfaction that we are that, and more, in 2015. Armand Hayes, Trustee [email protected] Let’s review: The year started with a radio interview on Hoosier History Live, a program produced by one of our members, Molly Head. It featured past presidents Lee Cloe and Carson Smith. Committee Chairpersons As the year progressed, we were represented by one or more of our members at IUPUI International Festival, three separate Kilt Nights at Deneice Jarrett, Games the Claddagh Irish Pub, The St Patrick’s Day Parade, The Ben Davis Committee Co-Chair [email protected] University International Festival, The International Festival at Lynnhurst Middle School, The 500 Festival Parade, The Latino Festival, The Southport Street Fair, The Fourth of July Parade in Lise Douglass, Games Carmel, Indiana, The German American Klub Oktoberfest, The Committee Co-Chair [email protected] Columbus Highland Games, Indy Irish Fest, our own Indianapolis Scottish Highland Games and Festival, and The Indy International Festival.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fourth Earl of Cassillis in 1576
    Brennan, Brian (2019) A history of the Kennedy Earls of Cassillis before 1576. PhD thesis. https://theses.gla.ac.uk/70978/ Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten: Theses https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] A History of the Kennedy Earls of Cassillis before 1576 Brian Brennan BSc MA MLitt Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Arts) School of Humanities College of Arts University of Glasgow Abstract This thesis will study the Kennedy family, beginning with its origins as a minor cadet branch of the lineage that ruled Galloway in the twelfth century, and trace its history until the death of the fourth earl of Cassillis in 1576. A study of how the Kennedys extended their influence across south-west Scotland and acquired an earldom has never been undertaken. This thesis aims to fill the significant gap in our understanding of how lordship operated in this region. In particular, analysis of the interactions between the Kennedys and the earls of Carrick, usually the monarch or his heir, demonstrates that the key factor in their success was their policy of close alignment and support of the crown.
    [Show full text]
  • Sueno's Stone, on the Northern Outskirts of Forres, Is a 6.5M-High Cross-Slab, the Tallest Piece of Early Historic Sculpture in Scotland
    Property in Care no: 309 Designations: Scheduled Monument (90292) Taken into State care: 1923 (Guardianship) Last reviewed: 2015 HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT SCOTLAND STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE SUENO’S STONE We continually revise our Statements of Significance, so they may vary in length, format and level of detail. While every effort is made to keep them up to date, they should not be considered a definitive or final assessment of our properties Historic Environment Scotland – Scottish Charity No. SC045925 Principal Office: Longmore House, Salisbury Place, Edinburgh EH9 1SH HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT SCOTLAND STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE SUENO’S STONE CONTENTS 1 Summary 2 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Statement of significance 2 2 Assessment of values 3 2.1 Background 3 2.2 Evidential values 5 2.3 Historical values 5 2.4 Architectural and artistic values 6 2.5 Landscape and aesthetic values 7 2.6 Natural heritage values 8 2.7 Contemporary/use values 8 3 Major gaps in understanding 10 4 Associated properties 10 5 Keywords 10 Bibliography 10 APPENDICES Appendix 1: Timeline 11 Appendix 2: Summary of archaeological investigations 12 Historic Environment Scotland – Scottish Charity No. SC045925 Principal Office: Longmore House, Salisbury Place, Edinburgh EH9 1SH 1 1 Summary 1.1 Introduction Sueno's Stone, on the northern outskirts of Forres, is a 6.5m-high cross-slab, the tallest piece of early historic sculpture in Scotland. It probably dates to the late first millennia AD.(The name Sueno, current from around 1700 and apparently in tribute to Svein Forkbeard, an 11th-century Danish king, is entirely without foundation.) In 1991 the stone was enclosed in a glass shelter to protect it from further erosion.
    [Show full text]
  • Dundee and the Reformation
    3 DUNDEE AND THE REFORMATION DURING the thirty years that preceded and prepared for the consummation of the Reformation in 1560, no town in Scotland was more resolute and consistent than Dundee in its adherence to that cause, and none exercised a deeper influence upon the course of events and the character of the movement. In their "Good and Godly Ballads," the Wedderburns of Dundee not only voiced with sharp and biting satire the widespread criticisms and denunciations of the medieval Church; their work was to an even greater extent constructive, setting forth in simple and earnest language the fundamental teachings of the Gospel, and providing both heart and reason with encouragement to confidence and steadfastness — and all that in a rough and popular form that clove to the memory and was readily passed from tongue to tongue, so that for three generations at least those "Psalms of Dundee" were the nation's catechism, hymn-book and spiritual guide. It was in Dundee that George Wishart, by his preaching and devoted pastoral care, gathered a large and enthusiastic following, opened a further stage in the development of the movement, impressed upon it a Genevan character in place of the Lutheran that had prevailed till then, created the nucleus of a church and furnished it with an order of worship and communion. Perhaps the greatest legacy he left behind him was, that he inspired and shaped the mind and spirit of John Knox, whose pride it was to have been Wishart's companion and disciple. These men were outstanding leaders, who earned for Dundee the name of "the Geneva of Scotland", and their place in our national history is secure.
    [Show full text]