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PDF Formāta Citāts SATURS CONTENT Ievads: Jūgendstils un Latvija Introduction: Art Nouveau and Latvia 7 jūgendstila periodā in the Art Nouveau Period Stila radošā metode 7 The Creative Method of Art Nouveau Jūgendstila nosaukumi 8 Names of Art Nouveau Jūgendstila vēsture 10 The History of Art Nouveau Jūgendstila uztvere un vērtējumi 13 Perception and Appraisal of Art Nouveau Jūgendstila laiks Latvijā 15 The Art Nouveau Period in Latvia Rīga 19 Rīga Romantiski orientēts jūgendstils 26 The Romantically Artistic Trend of Art Nouveau Eklektiski dekoratīvs jūgendstils 33 Eclectically Decorative Art Nouveau Stateniskais jūgendstils 46 Perpendicular Art Nouveau Nacionālais romantisms 92 National Romanticism „Sarkani baltais” stils 118 “Red-and-white Style” Neoklasicisms 120 Neoclassicism Liepāja 133 Liepāja Jūgendstila agrie gadi 135 Early Expressions of Art Nouveau Stila briedums 146 Style in Its Prime Neoklasicisms 168 Neoclassicism Villas un koka ēkas 170 Villas and Wooden Houses Jelgava un Ventspils 179 Jelgava and Ventspils Zudusī Jelgava 179 Lost Jelgava Jelgava šodien 184 Jelgava Today Jūgendstils Ventspilī 188 Art Nouveau in Ventspils Citas pilsētas un apdzīvotās vietas 203 Other Towns and Settlements Kuldīga 204 Kuldīga Cēsis 212 Cēsis Citas vietas: Rūjiena, Priekuļi, Ķekava, Alūksne, 220 Other Places: Rūjiena, Priekuļi, Ķekava, Alūksne, Rauna, Smiltene, Talsi, Kandava, Bauska, Rauna,Smiltene, Talsi, Kandava, Bauska, Strenči, Daugavpils, Jaunjelgava Strenči, Daugavpils, Jaunjelgava Jūrmala 237 Jūrmala Lauku vide 253 The Rural Environment Pelči, Lielbāta, Jaunanna, Tīnūži, Vijciems, Pelči Manor, Lielbāta Manor, Tīnūži Manor, Jaunanna Manor Lūznava, Vecbebri Hunting Lodge,Vijciems Hunting Lodge, Lūznava Manor, Vecbebri Manor House Saīsinājumi atsaucēs 264 Abbreviations in references 265 Speciālo terminu vārdnīca 268 Glossary Tekstā minētās celtnes 273 Buildings mentioned in the Text 295 Index of Persons Personu rādītājs 299 26 27 Viens no agrākajiem jūgendstila pieminek- One of the earliest monuments of Art Nou- ļiem Rīgā ir īres nams ar veikaliem Brīvības ielā 55 veau in Rīga is the apartment house with shops (27. attēls), kas celts 1900. gadā pēc arhitekta at Brīvības iela 55 (Picture 27), built in 1900 to Vilhelma Neimaņa (Wilhelm Neumann) pro- the design by architect Wilhelm Neumann using jekta, izmantojot Berlīnes arhitekta Alberta sketches by Berlin architect Albert Giesecke.20 Gīzekes (Albert Giesecke) skices.20 To cēla Rīgas The house was built by the joint-stock company namu būves akciju sabiedrība, un par godu of Rīga Housing Construction, and it was named tās dibinātājam Ādolfam fon Bingneram (Adolf Büngnerhof, in honour of its founder Adolf Büng- von Büngner) ēku nosauca „Büngnerhof”. Tās ner. It is explicitly rational in its architectural arhitektūra ir izteikti racionālistiska un atšķirīga expression which differs from the usual evenly no ierastajām vienmērīgi piesātinātajām eklek- decorated eclectic façades, yet its overall im- tisma fasāžu kompozīcijām, taču kopējā tēlā age implies historical continuity: the façades are jaušama vēstures pēctecība: fasādes vainago crowned with several gables redolent of Dutch or vairāki zelmiņi, kuru formās interpretēta Nīder- German Renaissance architecture. This romanti- landes vai Vācijas renesanses izteiksmes valoda. cally artistic trend of Art Nouveau reflected the Šāda romantiski orientēta jūgendstila māk- influence of German culture in Rīga’s Art Nou- slinieciskā ievirze Rīgas jūgendstila arhitektūrā veau architecture. The façade includes at least atspoguļoja vācu kultūras ietekmi. Ēkas fasādes 20 different masks and other ornamental reliefs rotātas ar vismaz 20 atšķirīgu formu maskām that can be discerned only upon closer inspection. un citiem reljefiem ornamentiem. Tie uztvera- On the opposite corner, the building at mi tikai tuvplānā. Brīvības iela 68 displays the same architectural Ar „Büngnerhof” formu valodā vienotu an- idiom thus creating a wonderful ensemble to- 26. attēls. Īres nams Krišjāņa sambli veido ēka Brīvības ielā 68, kas atrodas gether with Büngnerhof. It was built slightly later, Valdemāra ielā 23. 1901. Heinrihs Šēls un Frīdrihs Šefels ielu krustojuma pretējā stūrī. Tā celta nedaudz in 1903 (Alexander Schmaeling), and it stands out 28 27. attēls. Īres nams Brīvības vēlāk, 1903. gadā (Aleksandrs Šmēlings, Alexan- with its lavishly and elegantly decorated façade ielā 55. 1900. Vilhelms Neimanis, der Schmaeling), un izceļas ar piesātinātu, bet (Picture 29). Apart from Renaissance-inspired Alberts Gīzeke elegantu ornamentālo būvplastiku (29. attēls). gables, the largest of which boasts an open- 28. attēls. Īres nams Brīvības ielā Bez renesanses tipa zelmiņiem, no kuriem lie- mouthed mask characteristic of Art Nouveau, 110. 1902. Jānis Alksnis lāko vainago jūgendstilam raksturīga kliedzoša there are also stylised gothic details and a ba- Picture 26. Apartment house at maska, lietotas arī stilizētas gotiskas detaļas un roque corner tower. The building also has elabo- Krišjāņa Valdemāra iela 23. 1901. barokāls stūra tornis. Ēkā ir ornamentāli izteik- rate staircase railings and lift doors that were Heinrich Scheel and Friedrich 20 Berkholz, A. Moderne Scheffel rigasche Neubauten. Rigascher smīgas kāpņu margas un liftu durvis, kas izgata- made in A. Biebler’s metalwork factory in Rīga. Picture 27. Apartment house at Almanach, 1903, S. 138. votas A. Bīblera (A. Biebler) metālkalumu fabrikā The façades include romanticised Renaissance Brīvības iela 55. 1900. Wilhelm Rīgā. Abu ēku veidolu nosaka ne tik daudz ro- gables and other artistically decorative details 20 Berkholz, A. Moderne Neumann, Albert Giesecke rigasche Neubauten. Rigascher mantizētās renesanses formas zelmiņos vai ci- that hark back to the historic architectural styles - Picture 28. Apartment house at Almanach, 1903, S. 138. tas mākslinieciski dekoratīvās apdares detaļas, these are massive bay windows and rhythmically Brīvības iela 110. 1902. Jānis Alksnis 26 30 28 32 33 31 Ēka Alberta ielā 12 (30. un 33. attēls) piede- The house at Alberta iela 12 (Pictures 30 rēja tās arhitektam Konstantīnam Pēkšēnam. and 33) belonged to its architect Konstantīns Projekta izstrādāšanā piedalījies arī Eižens Lau- Pēkšēns. Eižens Laube also took part in the be. Ir saglabājies viņa parakstīts ēkas projekta design development. A perspective drawing perspektīvas zīmējums, kas izpildīts akvareļ- made as a water colour signed by him survives gleznojuma tehnikā (32. attēls). Ēka izceļas to this day (Picture 32). The building stands out ar ļoti spēcīgu apjomu plastiku un izteiksmīgu with its impressive silhouette and articulated siluetu. Tai ir vairāki tālu izvirzīti rizalīti, erkeri, massing. It has several strongly projecting balkoni, lodžijas, zelmiņi, stūra tornis un masīvi avant-corps, bay windows, balconies, loggias, ieejas portāli. Izmantoti atsevišķi renesanses gables, a corner tower and massive entrance Pictures 30. Apartment house at 30. attēls. Īres nams Alberta vai viduslaiku arhitektonisko formu motīvi. Ar- portals. Along some details that are borrowed Alberta iela 12. 1903. Konstantīns ielā 12. 1903. Konstantīns Pēkšēns hitektoniskajā pamatformā meistarīgi iekļauta- from Renaissance or medieval architecture, the Pēkšēns and Eižens Laube un Eižens Laube jos ornamentālajos ciļņos stilizēti vietējās augu façade boasts masterfully entwined ornamental Pictures 31. Apartment house at 31. attēls. Īres nams Alberta ielā un dzīvnieku valsts motīvi – skujas, čiekuri un reliefs with stylised motifs of local flora and Alberta iela 12. Stairwell 12. Kāpņu telpa vāverītes. Efektīgajā vītņveida kāpņu telpā fauna: pine needles, cones and squirrels. The Picture 32. Apartment house at 32. attēls. Īres nams Alberta ielā 12. Alberta iela 12. Perspective drawing. Projekta perspektīva. Eižens Laube (31. attēls) ornamentālie griestu gleznojumi ornamental ceiling paintings in the effective Eižens Laube 33. attēls. Īres nams Alberta ielā 12. restaurēti 20. gadsimta septiņdesmito gadu spiral stairwell (Picture 31) were restored in the Picture 33. Apartment house at Projekta plāns sākumā, bet vēlreiz – 2009. gadā. early 1970s, and then again in 2009. Alberta iela 12. Plan 29 273 274 The former Girls’ Grammar School (now also includes various compositions of embossed Liepāja State Gymnasium No 1) at Ausekļa iela circles, masks, motifs of stylised plants and 9 is an impressive edifice (Picture 272) located sinuous, wiggly lines that are seen on many on an irregularly shaped plot of land. Its design reliefs. All these elements are fused together was developed as early as 1906 (Pictures 275– with details borrowed from the vocabulary of 277), but it was approved by the Construction historical styles. Department of Courland Governorate only in The courtyard façades could not be more December 1907.51 Nevertheless, the construc- dissimilar to the eclectic richly decorated street tion of the building took several years. The façade (Picture 273). They are made ​​of red works began only in 191152 and ended the fol- brick with small light plastered patches and, to lowing year as shown by the number “1912” on a certain extent, resemble the “red-and-white” the façade facing Ausekļa iela. architecture of schools and other public build- The building has elaborate massing that pre- ings propagated at that time by Rīga City Archi- cisely reflects the layout of interior spaces. An tect Reinhold Schmaeling (see page 119). De- assembly hall, a staffroom, a library and other spite the abundance of horizontal architectural auxiliary rooms are facing the street, while
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