DOCSLIB.ORG

L T.Hztic St( Wit Vins C Pr4la4s Jsr , 5. T 3-1 .T1) . 6114 , SPECIES RE

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
L T.Hztic St( Wit Vins C Pr4la4s Jsr , 5. T 3-1 .T1) . 6114 , SPECIES RE Fr DC 02 cm-4. Ant-60,1cl i'arks &RC 1.44r•;.-, L t.hztic St( wit viNs C Pr4La4s j s r , 5. t 3-1 .t1) . 6114 , -1 SPECIES RELATIONSHIPS AMONG FISHES OF THE GENUS1 GILA IN THE UPPER COLORADO RIVER DRAINAGE 2 2 3 Gerald R. Smith , Robert Rush Miller , and W. Daniel Sable Taxonomic treatment of the chubs of the Gila hump, and coded continuous morphometric variables robusta complex (family Cyprinidae) that inhabit (23.1 15.8, etc.) into discontinuous states ("A", the Colorado River basin and certain rivers in "B", etc.), thus losing much of the resolving north-western Mexico (Figure 1) is problematical power of the measurements. The clustering illus- and requires study of the entire group for final trated by them shows only the level at which spec- resolution. It is intended to do this, but in this imens join clusters; it does not show intermedi- paper we present data demonstrating that there are acy, and it cannot display the morphological re- three species of this complex in the Colorado lationship of a specimen between other specimens. River and its major tributaries, from the Grand Thus there is no way to evaluate the supposed Canyon region upstream. These chubs are the most "intergrades" cited by Holden and Stalnaker: in extreme members of the genus in their specializa- their paper the "intergrades" may appear as a tion for life in the unique big-river habitat of result of the method of coding data. They were the Colorado River. unable to determine whether the so-called inter- grades were part of one variable complex or two Our objectives are (1) to determine the valid- incompletely separated species. In contrast, we ity and relationships of the roundtail, bonytail, find that there are very few intermediates, in and humpback chubs in the big-river habitat; the Green River at least, and that most specimens, (2) to determine their relationships to other including the "intergrades" shown by Holden and populations of Gila in the middle and upper Stalnaker (1970: Figure 4), can be assigned to Colorado River basin; and (3) to find characters one of the two species cypha or elegans. useful for identifying young and adult Gila robusta Baird and Girard, G. elegans Baird and Our analysis consists of two parts. First, Girard, and G. cypha Miller, and possible hybrids. principal components analysis of 34 meristic and We do not at this time treat the complex repre- morphometric characters, not including a direct sentatives of Gila in the Gila River basin (see measure of the nuchal hump, is used to establish Rinne, 1976), except to note that G. intermedia clear evidence of morphological segregation of (Girard) may be a separate evolutionary line, the large-river specimens into three distinct secondarily related to G. robusta. clusters. It is important to establish that the segregation is not based on the nuchal hump or Misinterpretation of the patterns of variation other subjective characters, but on a broad range in the nuchal hump and lack of decisive, objective of body proportions, fin-ray counts, and verte- evidence has been the main cause of disagreement bral numbers, presumably with a broad genetic among those studying the G. robusta complex. The basis. Second, after establishing the existence nuchal convexity has never been measured precise- of three separate populations, with little or no ly or quantitatively related to other characters. overlap, at least within the unmodified, large- For example, Holden and Stalnaker (1970) used river habitat, individual discriminating key char- subjective code values for the form of the nuchal acters are developed for identification of these fishes in the laboratory and field. Such charac- 1 ters are critically needed to end the confusion Completion of this paper was delayed by clo- that has clouded attempts to formulate a sound sure of upper Green River to scientists other than management policy for these endangered or threa- federally funded personnel during the five-year tened fishes. The population analysis and the period 1963-1967. Considerable aid was received development of key characters were conducted from a number of organizations and individuals. separately by us in order to avoid circular taxo- Included are research grants to R. R. Miller from nomic logic and to enable the two systems to serve the Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies as useful tests of one another. (1950), the National Science Foundation (G-15914, 24129, 24465, GB-3271, 4854, 6272X), and the Na- Principal components analysis, a multivariate tional Park Service (1975), with cooperation from statistical method enabling taxonomic use of com- the various western states for collecting permits. bined (correlated) information from many charac- Frances H. Miller recorded and calculated data, ters, was applied to 34 characters of 140 speci- helped prepare the distribution map, and criti- mens. These characters are: dorsal, anal, pec- cized drafts of the manuscript. Jeffrey N. toral, and pelvic fin-rays (rays from both paired Taylor prepared the original plots for Figure 1. fins recorded); standard length, head length, eye Loans of specimens were received from the U.S. diameter, snout length, preanal length, head National Museum (E. A. Lachner, S. H. Weitzman, depth through eye, head depth at occiput, inter- W. R. Taylor, Susan Karnella), Arizona State Uni- orbital width, occiput to tip of snout, dorsal- versity (W. L. Minckley), Bell Museum of Natural fin basal length, anal-fin basal length, predorsal History (Samuel Eddy, H. B. Tordoff, C. W. Huver), length, pectoral-fin length, pelvic-fin length, and the Museum of Northern Arizona (S. E. Caroth- upper jaw length, mouth width, body depth over ers). Mark J. Orsen (of the Museum of Zoology) pelvic insertion, caudal-peduncle depth, anal ' and Karna M. Steelquist (of the Museum of Paleon- origin to caudal base; number of vertebrae; pharyn- tology) prepared the drawings and other illustra- geal arches, total length, width, length of tions, except Figure 10, taken by Bruce J. Turner. anterior limb, and length of posterior limb, of Abbreviations are: UMMZ (University of Michigan both left and right arches (eight characters). Museum of Zoology) and USNM (U.S. National Museum This analysis discriminated the populations in of Natural History). question (Figures 2-5) showing the major trends 2 in variation, the characters dominant in the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, trends, and the characteristics of typical as well Ann Arbor, MI 48109. as intermediate individuals. 3 Wisconsin State University, Whitewater, A graph of 140 individuals plotted according to Wisc. 53190. their scores on principal components I and II, 613 121 117 113 25 0 25 50 100 200 SCALE OF MILES 50 0 50 100 200 300 SCALE OF KILOMETERS 1 - Gila River • Gila reboto 2 - Little Colorado River O Gila cyplso 3 - Colorado River O Gila elegans I • Son Juan River 5 - Green River 117 113 109 105 FIGURE 1. Distribution of Gila robusta, Gila elegans, and Gila cypha. See Rii-i-fteRAPme (1976) for distribution of allied forms in the Gila basin. 614 • 76 % elegans U. 9% 00 00 o o 00 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 q0 cypha 0 0 0 0 0 0 / 0 o 0 0 O 0 ® 0 CE1 En 0 0 00 O DOD 0 ® 0 0 O DD 0 _04* DO 0 00 0 • • 0 0 0 0 0 • • O 00 ® • e 8 •• ® *seminude ® ••• • .• .:• ----- 0 • % ib • *io • • g • • • - • • robusta -----------..,....„.. ....,......... •• FIGURE 2. Principal components analysis, components I and II, of four forms of Gila. G. robusta robusta, G. elegans, and G. Cypha are discriminated by the combination of projections shown in Figure 2 and 3. G. r. seminuda is scat- tered through the other clusters. Percentages indicate the proportion of the total variation accounted for by each component. TABLE 1. Development of nuchal hump in Colorado River chubs, Genus clia.a Species Ratio (range) S.L.range (mm) cypha (31) 6-13 206-328 elegans (20) 15-29 245-412 r. robusta (17) 28-207 211-309 r. seminuda (4) 31-121 175-247 a — Expressed as ratio: Pi rn I '-'2 distance Depth frontal depression Figures in parentheses indicate number of speci- mens measured. 615 the Colorado and Green rivers. This conclusion for the necessary stability to persist. cannot be confidently applied to certain popula- tions that we have available but have not fully In a period of controversy following the poi- studied from Lake Powell, however. Furthermore, soning of the upper Green River in 1962 (Miller populations of Gila robusta from certain tribu- 1963b), erroneous statements about the classifi- h/ taries ,ere elegans and cypha are absent parallel cation, biology, and distribution of Colorado these species in many characteristics. We choose River chubs appeared which have been destructive a taxonomic treatment of this situation that em- to the understanding and management of these phasizes the specific distinction of the three fishes, and require correction. For example, populations in the big-river habitat, but admit Stroud (1963:7) irresponsibly claimed that the the possibility that the species isolating mecha- construction of Flaming Gorge Reservoir resulted nisms may break down under disturbed (reservoir) in making available "large numbers" of humpback conditions and that the populations in tributary chubs, all of which were supposedly males. The streams may not be completely independent or iso- agency (U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wild- lated from the three central forms. We refer to life) that "confirmed the presence and ready the entire complex as the Gila robusta super- availability of numerous humpback chubs in [the species, including robusta, cypha, and elegans Green River below Flaming Gorge Dam] . ." as defined above, and including subspecies or subsequently reported (Vanicek 1967; Vanicek et races of robusta, seminuda of the Virgin River, a al.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Zuni Bluehead Sucker BISON No.: 010496
    Scientific Name: Catostomus discobolus yarrowi Common Name: Zuni bluehead sucker BISON No.: 010496 Legal Status: ¾ Arizona, Species of ¾ ESA, Proposed ¾ New Mexico-WCA, Special Concern Threatened Threatened ¾ ESA, Endangered ¾ ESA, Threatened ¾ USFS-Region 3, ¾ ESA, Proposed ¾ New Mexico-WCA, Sensitive Endangered Endangered ¾ None Distribution: ¾ Endemic to Arizona ¾ Southern Limit of Range ¾ Endemic to Arizona and ¾ Western Limit of Range New Mexico ¾ Eastern Limit of Range ¾ Endemic to New Mexico ¾ Very Local ¾ Not Restricted to Arizona or New Mexico ¾ Northern Limit of Range Major River Drainages: ¾ Dry Cimmaron River ¾ Rio Yaqui Basin ¾ Canadian River ¾ Wilcox Playa ¾ Southern High Plains ¾ Rio Magdalena Basin ¾ Pecos River ¾ Rio Sonoita Basin ¾ Estancia Basin ¾ Little Colorado River ¾ Tularosa Basin ¾ Mainstream Colorado River ¾ Salt Basin ¾ Virgin River Basin ¾ Rio Grande ¾ Hualapai Lake ¾ Rio Mimbres ¾ Bill Williams Basin ¾ Zuni River ¾ Gila River Status/Trends/Threats (narrative): Federal: FWS Species of concern, USFS Sensitive: Region 3, State AZ: Species of concern, State NM: Endangered. Status The Zuni bluehead sucker was once common in the Little Colorado River and Zuni River drainages, but its historic range has been reduced by approximately 50% (Propst and Hobbs 1996) and its numbers by about 90% in the last 25 years (NMDGF 2000). The Zuni bluehead sucker currently inhabits less then 10% of its probable historic range, and within its current range, its distribution is fragmented, and its status in Arizona is uncertain (Propst 1999). Merkel (1979) reported that on July 21 1971, a sizable population of Zuni Mountain suckers was discovered deep in the Nutria Box where water was flowing. Biologist had assumed that the suckers had been extirpated as a result of fish eradication efforts in the 1960's.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Recovery Plan Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax Traillii Extimus)
    Final Recovery Plan Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) August 2002 Prepared By Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Recovery Team Technical Subgroup For Region 2 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Albuquerque, New Mexico 87103 Approved: Date: Disclaimer Recovery Plans delineate reasonable actions that are believed to be required to recover and/or protect listed species. Plans are published by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, sometimes prepared with the assistance of recovery teams, contractors, State agencies, and others. Objectives will be attained and any necessary funds made available subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved, as well as the need to address other priorities. Recovery plans do not necessarily represent the views nor the official positions or approval of any individuals or agencies involved in the plan formulation, other than the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. They represent the official position of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service only after they have been signed by the Regional Director or Director as approved. Approved Recovery plans are subject to modification as dictated by new findings, changes in species status, and the completion of recovery tasks. Some of the techniques outlined for recovery efforts in this plan are completely new regarding this subspecies. Therefore, the cost and time estimates are approximations. Citations This document should be cited as follows: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Recovery Plan. Albuquerque, New Mexico. i-ix + 210 pp., Appendices A-O Additional copies may be purchased from: Fish and Wildlife Service Reference Service 5430 Governor Lane, Suite 110 Bethesda, Maryland 20814 301/492-6403 or 1-800-582-3421 i This Recovery Plan was prepared by the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Recovery Team, Technical Subgroup: Deborah M.
    [Show full text]
  • Surface Water Supply of the United States 1925 Part Ix, Colobado Eivee Basin
    DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Ray Lyman Wilbur, Secretary U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY George Otis Smith, Director Water-Supply Paper 609 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE UNITED STATES 1925 PART IX, COLOBADO EIVEE BASIN NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer ROBERT POLLANSBEE, A. B. PURTON and W. E, DICKINSON District Engineers Prepared in cooperation with THE STATES OP COLORADO, WYOMING UTAH, CALIFORNIA, and ARIZONA UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT FEINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1929 For saJ<? by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. ----- Price 13 cents CONTENTS Page Authorization and scope of work___________________________________ 1 Definitional terms ______________________________._ 2, Explanation of data_______________________________ 2 Accuracy of field data and computed results_________________________ 4 Publications_____________________________________ 5 Cooperation______________________________________________________ 9 Division of work________________________________________ 9 Gaging-station records..____________________________ 10 Colorado River Basin________________________________ 10 Colorado River and tributaries above Green River___________ 10 Colorado River at Glenwood Springs, Colo_____________ 10 Colorado River near Palisade, Colo________________ 12 Colorado River near Cisco, Utah_______________________ 13 Colorado River at Lees Ferry, Ariz_________________ 15 Colorado River at Bright Angel Creek, near Grand Canyon, Ariz________________________________________ 17 Colorado River near Topock, Ariz__________________ 18 Colorado
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Environmental Assessment for the Designation of Critical Habitat for the Zuni Bluehead Sucker
    DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR THE DESIGNATION OF CRITICAL HABITAT FOR THE ZUNI BLUEHEAD SUCKER Prepared by Harris Environmental group, Inc. For the Department of Interior U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service RESPONSIBLE FEDERAL AGENCY: U.S Fish and Wildlife Service CONTACT: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service DATE: March 2015 October 22, 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Figures............................................................................................................................................ iv Tables……………………………………………………………………………………………..iv Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................ v CHAPTER 1: PURPOSE OF AND NEED FOR ACTION ........................................................... 8 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 8 Purpose and need for the action .................................................................................................. 8 Proposed action ........................................................................................................................... 9 Background ................................................................................................................................. 9 Critical habitat ............................................................................................................................. 9 Provisions of the ESA ............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Roundtail Chub (Gila Robusta) Status Survey of the Lower Colorado River Basin
    ROUNDTAIL CHUB (GILA ROBUSTA) STATUS SURVEY OF THE LOWER COLORADO RIVER BASIN Jeremy B. Voeltz, Wildlife Technician Nongame Branch, Wildlife Management Division Final Report to The Central Arizona Project Native Fish Conservation and Nonnative Aquatic Species Management and Control Program U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Ecological Services Field Office Phoenix, Arizona and U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Phoenix Area Office Phoenix, Arizona Technical Report 186 Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program Program Manager: Terry B. Johnson Arizona Game and Fish Department 2221 West Greenway Road Phoenix, Arizona 85023-4399 January 2002 CIVIL RIGHTS AND DIVERSITY COMPLIANCE The Arizona Game and Fish Commission receives federal financial assistance in Sport Fish and Wildlife Restoration. Under Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, the U.S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, age, sex, or disability. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility as described above, or if you desire further information please write to: Arizona Game and Fish Department Office of the Deputy Director, DOHQ 2221 West Greenway Road Phoenix, Arizona 85023-4399 and The Office for Diversity and Civil Rights U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 4040 North Fairfax Drive, Room 300 Arlington, Virginia 22203 AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT COMPLIANCE The Arizona Game and Fish Department complies with all provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act.
    [Show full text]
  • 2011 Cultural Resource Monitoring of Prepared and Submitted by Zuni
    Pueblo of Zuni 2011 Cultural Resource Monitoring of The Colorado River Ecosystem Through Grand Canyon Prepared and Submitted by Kurt E. Dongoske, RPA Director/Princi pal lnvestigator Zuni Heritage and Historic Preservation Office And Octavius Seowtewa Co-Principal lnvestigator Zuni Cultural Resource Advisory Team Prepared in Association with the Zuní Cultural Resource Advisory Team Prepared for and Submitted to Marianne Crawford, Contracting Officer for Technical Review Upper Colorado Regional Office Bureau of Reclamation 125 South State Street salt Lake city, utah 84r38-Lt47 Submitted in partial fulfillment of Contract R10PC40022 Work performed under NPS Permit Number: GRCA-2011-SCl-0036 August 2013 Executive Summary Between 13 and 22 August 2011, the Zuni Heritage and Historic Preseruation Office, on behalf of the Pueblo of Zuni, conducted a monitoring river trip on the Colorado River through Grand Canyon from Lees Ferry to Diamond Creek. The purpose of this river trip was to provide the Zuni religious leaders and cultural advisors an opportunity to inspect the health of the Colorado River ecosystem through Grand Canyon as part of the long-term monitoring program that is associated with the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP). Ten (10) Zuni representatives participated in the 2011 Zun¡ monitoring river trip representing 7 medicine societies, 4 kiva groups, and the Bow priesthood. During the 2011 Colorado River monitoring trip, Zuni cultural advisors monitored 28 places of traditional cultural importance. Of these 28
    [Show full text]
  • Gila Robusta Common Name: Roundtail Chub BISON No.: 010145
    Scientific Name: Gila robusta Common Name: Roundtail chub BISON No.: 010145 Legal Status: ¾ Arizona, Species of ¾ ESA, Proposed ¾ New Mexico-WCA, Special Concern Threatened Threatened ¾ ESA, Endangered ¾ ESA, Threatened ¾ USFS-Region 3, ¾ ESA, Proposed ¾ New Mexico-WCA, Sensitive Endangered Endangered ¾ None Distribution: ¾ Endemic to Arizona ¾ Southern Limit of Range ¾ Endemic to Arizona and ¾ Western Limit of Range New Mexico ¾ Eastern Limit of Range ¾ Endemic to New Mexico ¾ Very Local ¾ Not Restricted to Arizona or New Mexico ¾ Northern Limit of Range Major River Drainages: ¾ Dry Cimmaron River ¾ Rio Yaqui Basin ¾ Canadian River ¾ Wilcox Playa ¾ Southern High Plains ¾ Rio Magdalena Basin ¾ Pecos River ¾ Rio Sonoita Basin ¾ Estancia Basin ¾ Little Colorado River ¾ Tularosa Basin ¾ Mainstream Colorado River ¾ Salt Basin ¾ Virgin River Basin ¾ Rio Grande ¾ Hualapai Lake ¾ Rio Mimbres ¾ Bill Williams Basin ¾ Zuni River ¾ Gila River Status/Trends/Threats (narrative): Federal: (FWS) Species of concern, (USFS) Region 3 Sensitive, State AZ: Species of special concern, State NM: Endangered. The first examples of the roundtail chub were caught and described as new in the Zuni River, New Mexico, by Dr. S. W. Woodhouse, while attached as Surgeon and Naturalist to the expedition of Capt. Sitgreaves, for the exploration of Zuni and its tributaries (Baird and Girard 1853). Roundtail chub, although reduced in range and abundance, remain comparatively widespread and common in much of the upper Colorado River basin, (Kaeding et al. 1990). In New Mexico, the roundtail chub has been extirpated from the Zuni River drainage (Propst and Hobbes 1996). The physical and biological characteristics of the entire Colorado River system, have been altered by the operation of water development projects upstream, by the introduction of nonnative fishes and by other human activities (Minckley 1973).
    [Show full text]
  • ZUNI BLUEHEAD SUCKER (Catostomus Discobolus Yarrowi)
    ZUNI BLUEHEAD SUCKER (Catostomus discobolus yarrowi) STATUS: Endangered (79 FR 43132) July 24, 2014, with Proposed critical habitat (78 FR 5369), January 25, 2013. SPECIES DESCRIPTION: Coloration varies with habitat conditions, silvery tan to dark green above, silvery to yellowish or dirty-white below. Head often with a bluish cast, especially in large adults. The population of the Little Colorado River is markedly different than those in the Zuni River, with thickened body shapes, short fins, and generally smaller size. Sexually mature bluehead suckers usually attain standard lengths of 90 to 200 mm (3.5 to 8 inches). HABITAT: While this species occupies a variety of habitats from headwater streams to large rivers, it is almost always found in moderate to fast flowing water above a rubble-rock substrate. Young fish prefer quiet, shallow areas near shoreline. Spawning occurs in spring and summer when water temperatures are above 16°C. As with certain other suckers (e.g., the Sonora sucker, C. insignis), gravid females are probably attended by more than one male, and deposit their eggs in coarse gravel. The fry occupy backwater areas until they are able to swim strongly enough to remain in place in stronger currents. The Zuni bluehead sucker feeds upon algae and other small organisms which are found on the bottom substrate. RANGE: Historical: The Little Colorado River and tributaries, particularly the Zuni River system, in east-central Arizona and west-central New Mexico. Current: Zuni bluehead suckers are limited to headwaters of the Zuni drainage in New Mexico and Kinlichee Creek and its tributaries in Apache County, Arizona and Cibola, McKinley, and San Juan counties, New Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Re£Ources of the Zuni Tribal Lands, Counties, New Mexico
    Water Re£ources of the Zuni Tribal Lands, Mc!~ ~.1ley and Cibola Counties, New Mexico United States Geological Survey · Water-Supply Paper 2227 Prepared in cooperation with the Pueblo of Zuni COVER: The symbolic figure of the Zuni "Rainbow Man" is shown over Dowa Yallane Mesa, a prominent topographic feature near the Pueblo of Zuni. Water Resources of the Zuni Tribal Lands, McKinley and Cibola Counties, New Mexico By BRENNON R. ORR Prepared m cooperation w1th the Pueblo of Zu m U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 2227 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD PAUL HODEL, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1987 For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Sect1on, U S Geolog1cal Survey, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225 L1brary of Congress Catalogmg in Publication Data Orr, Brennon R Water resources of the Zum tnbal lands, McKmley and C.bola Count1es, New Mex1co (Water supply of lnd1an reservations) (Geolog1cal survey water-supply paper, 2227) "Prepared m cooperation w1th the Pueblo of Zum " B1bhography p 45 Supt of Docs no I 19 13 2227 1 Water resources development-New Mex1co-McKmley County 2 Water resources development-New Mex1- co-C1bola County 3 Water, Underground-New Mex1co-McKmley County 4 Water, Under­ ground-New Mex1co-C.bola County I Zum, (N M) II T1tle Ill Senes IV. Senes. U.S Geolog1cal Survey water-supply paper , 2227 TC424 N6077 1985 553 7'9'0978983 84-600264 Contents Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Purpose 1 Location and geography 1 System for numbenng wells
    [Show full text]
  • Systemic Studies of the Genus Gila (Cyprinidae) of the Colorado River Basin
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-1968 Systemic Studies of the Genus Gila (Cyprinidae) of the Colorado River Basin Paul Bernard Holden Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Holden, Paul Bernard, "Systemic Studies of the Genus Gila (Cyprinidae) of the Colorado River Basin" (1968). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 2890. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2890 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SYSTEHATI C STUDIES OF THE GENUS GILA (CYPRINIDAE) OF THE COLORAD O RIVER BASIN by Paul Bernard Holden A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of HASTER OF SCIENCE in Fishery Biology UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Log an, Utah 1968 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author is indebted to the late Dr. Donald R. Franklin whose efforts formed the groundwork for this study. Gratitude is expressed to Dr. Clair Stalnaker and Dr. Robert Behnke who guided the research and preparation of this manuscript. Thanks goes to several individuals who provided fish specimens; Rod Stone and John Livesay of the Utah State De partment of Fish and Game, Dr. W. Minckley of Arizona State University and Ernest Lachner of the U. S. National Museum. This project was financially supported by an NDEA Fellowship and the Utah Cooperative Fishery Unit .
    [Show full text]
  • Floods of November 1965 to January 1966 in the Gila River Basin, Arizona and New Mexico, and Adjacent Basins in Arizona
    Floods of November 1965 to January 1966 in the Gila River Basin, Arizona and New Mexico, and Adjacent Basins in Arizona GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1850-C Floods of November 1965 tc January 1966 in the Gila River Basin, Arizona and New Merico, and Adjacent Basins in Arizona By B. N. ALDRIDGE FLOODS OF 1965 IN THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1850-C UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1970 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WALTER J. HIGKEL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing O<"ice Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $2.50 (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Abstract._-_______--_______-____-_-_-__----__--___--_-_----___-_ Cl Introduction. __-__________________-___-_--------_---_-_-_--_--____ 2 Acknowledgments. ____________________________________________ 2 Geographic setting.___________________-_--__-_-___---_--_---____-__ 3 Storms and weather conditions.___________-_---_______-_-_____--____ 3 Storms of November 22-25, 1965________._..___.-___---_-______ 6 Storms of December 9-11 and December 14-15, 1965.______ _______ 7 Storm of December 22-23, 1965_____.______-__-_-______-_.____ 10 Storm of December 29-30, 1965.______._.______________ 10 Floods and runoff_---_____-___-_-_-_----_----_-_---__-------_-_--__ 11 Gila River basin above Coolidge Dam______----____-_-----_---_- 12 Gila River basin between Coolidge Dam and Salt River_____ ________ 14 Salt River basin and Gila River below Salt River.
    [Show full text]
  • Frequently Asked Questions Final Listing for the Zuni Bluehead
    Frequently Asked Questions Final Listing for the Zuni Bluehead Sucker as an Endangered Species Q What action is the Service taking? A The Service announced the final listing rule for the Zuni bluehead sucker (Catostomus discobolus yarrowi) as an endangered species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA), throughout its range in New Mexico and Arizona. This rule becomes effective August 25, 2014. Q Why is the Service taking this action? A The Service’s determination that the Zuni bluehead sucker warrants listing as an endangered species is based on the combined effects of the following factors: habitat destruction, modification, and degradation resulting from water withdrawal (stream drying); sedimentation; impoundments; livestock grazing; the spread of non-native species; and predation by non-native species such as the green sunfish, northern crayfish, and red swamp crayfish, which limit recruitment and reduce population size. In addition, small population size and restricted ranges of the species make the Zuni bluehead sucker population vulnerable to stochastic events, such as wildfire and drought. Q Why is the Service making this determination now? A To meet our statutory deadlines outlined in the ESA and to comply with the provisions of the multi-district litigation (MDL) agreement and the Act, the Service must publish in the Federal Register a final listing determination for the Zuni bluehead sucker (Catostomus discobolus yarrowi) by July 25, 2014. We proposed critical habitat on January 25, 2013; the final critical habitat rule for this species will be published at a later date. Q Has this final rule been delayed, and if so why? A On January 25, 2013, the Service published a proposed rule in the Federal Register to list the Zuni bluehead sucker as an endangered species under the ESA.
    [Show full text]