Welcome and Introduction

Riko Oki Earth Observation Research Center (EORC) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

7th Workshop of International Precipitation Working Group 17 November 2014 Tsukuba International Congress Center, Tsukuba, Japan Welcome to Tsukuba-city

Tsukuba Science City is now the largest science technology accumulation site in Japan, where more than 300 public and private institutions and enterprises are located.

Tsukuba Science City has cultivated many achievements such as producing several Novel Prizes winners 2P 2 JAXA Tsukuba Space Center

JAXA’s Tsukuba Space Center (TKSC), located in Tsukuba Science City, opened its doors in 1972. The TKSC, which sits on a 530,000 square-meter site, with beautiful natural surroundings, is a consolidated operations facility with world-class equipment and testing facilities. As the center of Japan’s space network, the TKSC plays an important role in the research and development of spacecraft, such as satellites and rockets, and also controls and tracks launched satellites. P3 JAXA Earth Observation Satellite Projects Late 1990s 2000s 2003 (JAXA established)

Earth Observation Climate Change/Water

ADEOS GPM/DPR

EarthCARE/ Ⅱ ADEOS- GCOM-W GCOM-C CPR

Launched on February 28, 2014 (JST) TRMM/PR Aqua/ GOSAT AMSR-E Global Warming GOSAT-2

Land Use

Disaster ALOS Monitoring ALOS-2 Next Gene. Communications (optical) COMETS DRTS WINDS

Technology Positioning QZSS Development

Ⅵ Ⅶ Ⅷ ETS- ETS- OICETS ETS- P4 Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)

Completion of Precipitation Radar (PR) th US-Japan joint onboard the TRMM satellite on 7 October mission 2014. Japan: PR, Major characteristics launch ü Focused on rainfall observation. First US: satellite, TMI, instantaneous rainfall observation by three VIRS, CERES, different sensors (PR, TMI, VIRS). PR, active LIS, operation sensor, can observe 3D structure of rainfall. ü Targeting tropical and subtropical region, Launch 28 Nov. 1997 (JST) and chose non-sun-synchronous orbit (inc. Altitude About 350km (since 2001, angle 35 degree) to observe diurnal variation. boosted to 402km to extend Major achievement in Japan mission operation） ü Demonstration of high quality and high Inc. angle About 35 degree, non-sun- reliability of a satellite onboard precipitation synchronous orbit radar Design life 3-year and 2month (still operating) ü Improvement of precipitation retrieval from passive microwave radiometer by PR 3D Instruments Precipitation Radar (PR) observation TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) Visible Infrared Scanner (VIRS) ü Pioneering precipitation system climatology Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) by PR observation CERES (not in operation)

P5 TRMM PR 17-year averaged rainfall

P6 7P 7 Spaceborne Precipitation Radar Development 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 precipitation record global term long Dec. 1997-Oct.2014 TRMM/PR • World first spaceborne precipitation radar (by JAXA/NICT) • Significant improvement of the global rain （ estimation Ku-band 13.8GHz) • Deeper understanding on the tropical precipitation systems

GPM/DPR Feb. 2014-

(by JAXA/NICT) Now Ku-band（13.6GHz） • Upgrade the TRMM/PR: Improvement of accuracy by the dual frequency radar Ka-band（35.5GHz） • Apply to higher latitude • Apply to flood warning systems using Combined product of radar, MWR and IR 1-day orbits of TRMM(PR) DPR first light: and GPM-Core(DPR) An extratropical cyclone seen off the coast of Japan, March 10, 2014

8 P8 Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM)

GPM Core Observatory n GPM is an international mission consisting of the GPM Core Observatory and GMI Constellation Satellites for high accurate and (Microwave Imager) frequent global precipitation observation. n Core Observatory: developed under NASA and JAXA equal partnership. KuPR: 13.6GHz radar n Constellation satellites: provided by (phased array) international partners (includes GCOM-W1). KaPR: 35.5GHz radar (phased array) n Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) n developed by JAXA and NICT

Constellation n DPR is composed of two radars: KuPR & Satellites by KaPR international n partners GPM Core Observatory was successfully launched on 28 Feb. 2014 (JST).

Core Observatory by NASA-JAXA

P9 JAXA’s Role within GPM Project

Since 2012

Development of DPR with NICT Launch of GPM Core GCOM-W1 as one of Observatory by H-IIA constellation satellites rocket

Development of algorithms, GV, Promotion of GPM data utilization and and GPM data processing and application in Japan and Asia data distribution system to provide to end users 10 P10 GPM Core Observatory Launch: 3:36 am on 28 Feb. 2014 (JST) CG image

NASA

JAXA JAXA Launch from the JAXA Tanegashima Separation of the spacecraft Space Center by the H-IIA F23 rocket P11 NASA-JAXA Joint First Images from the GPM Core Observatory

JAXA/NASA

NASA/JAXA Extratropical Cyclone over the northwest Pacific Ocean (around 40N, 167E) around 1330Z on 10 Mar. 2014. GMI 36-GHz H TB is overlaying to the Geostationary IR provided by JMA and NOAA. ↑Three dimensional structure of precipitation captured by DPR on 10 Mar. 2014.

NASA-JAXA Joint First Images from the GPM Core Observatory was released on 25th Mar. 2014

→Surface precipitation captured by GMI. NASA/JAXA 12 P12 Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) Developed in Japan toward the GPM mission. About 1000 registered users (Sep 2014 statistics) Processed and distributed in near real time basis (about 4-hour after observations) by merging multi-satellite data. Hourly product in 0.1x0.1deg. lat/lon grid. Proto-type version has been in operation in JAXA since 2007. à “GPM-GSMaP” data were released on Sep. 2014.

GPM-GSMaP data is now available from JAXA G-portal (https://www.gportal.jaxa.jp) as well as current GSMaP web site (http://sharaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/ GSMaP/).

http://sharaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/GSMaP/ P13 A movie of GPM-GSMaP in early June 2014 (Rainy season in Japan)

P14 IPWG Validation collaboration The GSMaP joins the International Precipitation Working Group (IPWG) validation activities. http://cawcr.gov.au/projects/SatRainVal/validation-intercomparison.html • We validates various satellite estimates around Japan. • Our GSMaP products are validated in U.S.(J.-J.Wang/J. Janowiak), Australia (E. Ebert ), South America (D. Vila), Europe (C. Kidd), South Africa (E. Becker) and Japan (S. Shige).

P15 JAXA Globe Portal (G-Portal) https://www.gportal.jaxa.jp/

P16