FAMILY Chiasmodontidae Jordan & Gilbert, 1883 - snaketooth fishes, swallowers [=Gargaropterinae] Notes: Chiasmodontidae Jordan & Gilbert, 1883:964 [ref. 2476] (family) Chiasmodon [family name sometimes seen as Chiasmodidae] Gargaropterinae Smith, 1965b:568 [ref. 4134] (subfamily) Gargaropteron [correct stem is Gargaropteront- Sheiko 2013:103 [ref. 32944]]

GENUS Chiasmodon Johnson, 1864 - swallowers [=Chiasmodon Johnson [J. Y.], 1864:408, Chiasmodus Günther [A.], 1864:435, Ponerodon Alcock [A. W.], 1890:203] Notes: [ref. 5751]. Masc. Chiasmodon niger Johnson, 1864. Type by monotypy. Also appeared in Johnson 1864:76 [ref. 2358]. Spelled Chiasmodus by Günther 1864:435 [ref. 1974]. •Valid as Chiasmodon Johnson, 1864 -- (Krefft 1973:452 [ref. 7166], Uyeno in Masuda et al. 1984:221 [ref. 6441], Johnson & Keene in Whitehead et al. 1986:957 [ref. 13676], Johnson & Keene 1986:731 [ref. 6303], Mooi & Paxton 2001:3496 [ref. 26280], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:788 [ref. 25968], McEachran & Sutton 2003:1743 [ref. 27107], Parin 2003:S19 [ref. 28536], Bray & Hoese 2006:1480 [ref. 29049], Melo et al. 2007:33 [ref. 29307], Prokofiev 2008:209 [ref. 29559], Melo 2009:584 [ref. 30374], Prokofiev & Kukuev 2009:899 [ref. 30607] dated 1863, Prokofiev 2010:503 [ref. 31018], Melo 2010:9 [ref. 31058], Prokofiev 2011:695 [ref. 31701], Parin et al. 2014:461 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Chiasmodon Johnson, 1864. Chiasmodontidae. (Chiasmodus) [ref. 1974]. Masc. Chiasmodon niger Johnson, 1864. Unjustified emendation of Chiasmodon Johnson, 1864; name change unexplained. •In the synonymy of Chiasmodon Johnson, 1864 -- (Melo 2009:584 [ref. 30374]). Current status: Synonym of Chiasmodon Johnson, 1864. Chiasmodontidae. (Ponerodon) [ref. 82]. Masc. Ponerodon vastator Alcock, 1890. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Chiasmodon Johnson, 1864 – (see Johnson & Keene 1990:900 [ref. 19355]). Current status: Synonym of Chiasmodon Johnson, 1864. Chiasmodontidae.

Species Chiasmodon asper Melo, 2009 - Melo's swallower [=Chiasmodon asper Melo [M. R. S.], 2009:597, Fig. 11] Notes: [Copeia 2009 (no. 3); ref. 30374] Eastern North Pacific Plate, 25°46'N, 178°199'E. Current status: Valid as Chiasmodon asper Melo, 2009. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Temperate North Pacific, north of Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine. Species Chiasmodon braueri Weber, 1913 - Banda Sea swallower [=Chiasmodon braueri Weber [M.], 1913:147, Fig. 46] Notes: [Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition; ref. 4602] Banda Sea, between Butung [Buton] and Kabaena, 5°39'S, 122°12'E, Indonesia [western Pacific], Siboga station 208, depth 1886 meters. Current status: Valid as Chiasmodon braueri Weber, 1913. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Western South Atlantic; Indo-Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Chiasmodon lavenbergi Prokovfiev, 2008 - Coral Sea swallower [=Chiasmodon lavenbergi Prokofiev [A. M.], 2008:209, Fig. 1] Notes: [Journal of Ichthyology v. 48 (no. 3); ref. 29559] Coral Sea, 25°57.0'S, 162°06.0'E, depth 1240 meters. Current status: Valid as Chiasmodon lavenbergi Prokofiev, 2008. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Chiasmodon microcephalus Norman, 1929 - Norman's swallower [=Chiasmodon microcephalus Norman [J. R.], 1929:539, Fig. 8b] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 3 (no. 17); ref. 15913] Western South Atlantic, 39°50'30"S, 36°23'00"'W, depth 0-1500 meters. Current status: Valid as Chiasmodon microcephalus Norman, 1929. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Southern temperate seas. Habitat: marine.

Species Chiasmodon niger Johnson, 1864 - black swallower [=Chiasmodon niger Johnson [J. Y.], 1864:408, Chiasmodon bolangeri Osório [B.], 1909:22, Pl. 2 (fig. 1), Chiasmodon harteli Melo [M. R. S.], 2009:598, Fig. 12] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863 (pt 3); ref. 5751] Madeira, eastern Atlantic. Current status: Valid as Chiasmodon niger Johnson, 1864. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Circumglobal, in all seas. Habitat: marine. (bolangeri) [Memorias do Museu Bocage, Lisboa Fasc. 1; ref. 3317] Off Setubal, Portugal, depth about 800 meters. Current status: Synonym of Chiasmodon niger Johnson, 1864. Chiasmodontidae. Habitat: marine. (harteli) [Copeia 2009 (no. 3); ref. 30374] Greenland, western North Atlantic, Subarctic, 64°31'N, 55°30'W, depth 967 meters. Current status: Synonym of Chiasmodon niger Johnson, 1864. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Temperate western and eastern North Atlantic [if valid]. Habitat: marine.

Species Chiasmodon pluriradiatus Parr, 1933 - Parr's swallower [=Chiasmodon niger pluriradiatus Parr [A. E.], 1933:34] Notes: [Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection Yale University v. 3 (art. 6); ref. 3373] Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas, 23°49'N, 76°58'W, 7000 feet wire out. Current status: Valid as Chiasmodon pluriradiatus Parr, 1933. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Atlantic; Western Indian Ocean; Western and central Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Chiasmodon subniger Garman, 1899 - Garman's swallower [=Chiasmodon subniger Garman [S.], 1899:73] Notes: [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 24; ref. 1540] West coast of Mexico [eastern Pacific], 22°30'30"N, 107°01'00"W, Albatross station 3429, depth 919 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Chiasmodon subniger Garman, 1899. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Central and eastern Pacific: Hawaiian Islands east to the eastern Pacific (Washington (U.S.A.) to Chile). Habitat: marine.

GENUS Dysalotus MacGilchrist, 1905 - swallowers [=Dysalotus MacGilchrist [A. C.], 1905:268] Notes: [ref. 2953]. Masc. Dysalotus alcocki MacGilchrist, 1905. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Dysalotus MacGilchrist, 1905 -- (Johnson & Cohen 1974:29 [ref. 7133], Johnson & Keene 1986:732 [ref. 6303], Mooi & Paxton 2001:3496 [ref. 26280], McEachran & Sutton 2003:1743 [ref. 27107] once as Dysolotus, Bray & Hoese 2006:1481 [ref. 29049], Melo et al. 2007:33 [ref. 29307], Melo 2009:602 [ref. 30374], Prokofiev 2009:930 [ref. 30607], Prokofiev 2011:695 [ref. 31701], Ban & Fukui 2012:45 [ref. 32077]). Current status: Valid as Dysalotus MacGilchrist, 1905. Chiasmodontidae.

Species Dysalotus alcocki MacGilchrist, 1905 - Bengal swallower [=Dysalotus alcocki MacGilchrist [A. C.], 1905:268] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 15 (no. 87) (art. 28); ref. 2953] Bay of Bengal, south of Andaman Islands, 10°06'N, 92°29'E, Investigator station 315, depth 705 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Dysalotus alcocki MacGilchrist, 1905. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Nearly circumglobal in tropical and subtropical seas, including Hawaiian Islands, but not in eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Dysalotus oligoscolus Johnson & Cohen, 1974 - Johnson's swallower [=Dysalotus oligoscolus Johnson [R. K.] & Cohen [D. M.], 1974:32, Fig. 11] Notes: [Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft v. 25 (no. 1/2); ref. 7133] Eastern Pacific, 31°06'N, 119°34'W. Current status: Valid as Dysalotus oligoscolus Johnson & Cohen, 1974. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Circumglobal, except North Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Dysalotus pouliulii Melo, 2017 - Hawaiian swallower [=Dysalotus pouliulii Melo [M. R. S.], 2017:798, Figs. 2D, 2E, 3E, 4B] Notes: [Journal of Fish Biology v. 90 (no. 3); ref. 34898] Off O'ahu, Hawaii, U.S.A., central North Pacific Ocean, 21°23'N, 158°18'W, depth 1500 meters. Current status: Valid as Dysalotus pouliulii Melo, 2017. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: O'ahu and French Frigate Shoals, Hawaii. Habitat: marine. GENUS Kali Lloyd, 1909 - swallowers [=Kali Lloyd [R. E.], 1909:154, Dolichodon Parr [A. E.], 1931:45, Gargaropteron Smith [J. L. B.], 1965:569, Hemicyclodon Parr [A. E.], 1931:162, Odontonema Weber [M.], 1913:148] Notes: [ref. 2814]. Fem. Kali indica Lloyd, 1909. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Kali Lloyd, 1909 -- (Krefft 1973:453 [ref. 7166], Johnson & Cohen 1974:34 [ref. 7133], Johnson & Keene in Whitehead et al. 1986:959 [ref. 13676], Johnson & Keene 1986:732 [ref. 6303], Trunov 1998:146 [ref. 24581], Mooi & Paxton 2001:3496 [ref. 26280], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:788 [ref. 25968], McEachran & Sutton 2003:1743 [ref. 27107], Parin 2003:S19 [ref. 28536], Bray & Hoese 2006:1481 [ref. 29049], Melo et al. 2007:33 [ref. 29307], Melo 2008:3 [ref. 29586], Prokofiev 2008:213 [ref. 29559], Melo 2009:602 [ref. 30374], Prokofiev 2009:930 [ref. 30607], Melo 2010:56 [ref. 30939], Prokofiev 2011:695 [ref. 31701], Prokofiev 2011:809 [ref. 32472], Ban et al. 2013:117 [ref. 33256], Parin et al. 2014:462 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Kali Lloyd, 1909. Chiasmodontidae. (Dolichodon) [ref. 3371]. Masc. Dolichodon normani Parr, 1931. Type by original designation. Hemicyclodon Parr, 1931 is an unneeded replacement, apparently not preoccupied by Dolicodon Fanzango, 1874 as unjustifiably emended to Dolichodon by Cambridge in Zoological Record for 1875:262. Possibly preoccupied by Gray 1866 in Mammalia. •Synonym of Kali Lloyd, 1909 -- (Krefft 1973:453 [ref. 7166], Johnson & Cohen 1974:34 [ref. 7133], Melo 2008:3 [ref. 29586]). Current status: Synonym of Kali Lloyd, 1909. Chiasmodontidae. (Gargaropteron) [ref. 4134]. Neut. Gargaropteron pterodactylops Smith, 1965. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Kali Lloyd, 1909 -- (Johnson & Cohen 1974:34 [ref. 7133], Melo 2008:3 [ref. 29586]). Current status: Synonym of Kali Lloyd, 1909. Chiasmodontidae. (Hemicyclodon) [ref. 3372]. Masc. Dolichodon normani Parr, 1931. Type by being a replacement name. Unneeded replacement for Dolichodon Parr, 1931, not preoccupied by Dolicodon Fanzango, 1874, unjustifiably emended or misspelled Dolichodon by Cambridge in Zoological Record for 1875:262. Possibly preoccupied by Gray 1866 in Mammalia [not researched]. •Synonym of Kali Lloyd, 1909 -- (Krefft 1973:453 [ref. 7166], Johnson & Cohen 1974:34 [ref. 7133], Melo 2008:3 [ref. 29586]). Current status: Synonym of Kali Lloyd, 1909. Chiasmodontidae. (Odontonema) [ref. 4602]. Neut. Odontonema kerberti Weber, 1913. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Kali Lloyd, 1909 -- (Krefft 1973:453 [ref. 7166], Johnson & Cohen 1974:34 [ref. 7133], Melo 2008:3 [ref. 29586]). Current status: Synonym of Kali Lloyd, 1909. Chiasmodontidae.

Species Kali colubrina Melo, 2008 - Brazilian swallower [=Kali colubrina Melo [M. R. S.], 2008:24, Figs. 1F, 10, Kali caribbaea Prokofiev [A. M.], 2008:213, Fig. 2] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 1747; ref. 29586] Off Brazil, subtropical South Atlantic, 19°50'S, 39°10'W, depth 1342-1444 meters. Current status: Valid as Kali colubrina Melo, 2008. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic and western and central Pacific. Habitat: marine. (caribbaea) [Journal of Ichthyology v. 48 (no. 3); ref. 29559] Suriname, 7°52'N, 54°06' to 54°15'W, depth 830 meters. Current status: Synonym of Kali colubrina Melo, 2008. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Caribbean Sea (if valid). Habitat: marine.

Species Kali falx Melo, 2008 - Guinean swallower [=Kali falx Melo [M. R. S.], 2008:28, Figs. 1G, 11(not 10)] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 1747; ref. 29586] Guinean Province, eastern Atlantic, 7°32'N, 20°54''W, depth 0-1300 meters. Current status: Valid as Kali falx Melo, 2008. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical seas. Habitat: marine.

Species Kali indica Lloyd, 1909 - Indian swallower [=Kali indica Lloyd [R. E.], 1909:154] Notes: [Memoirs of the Indian Museum v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 2814] Bay of Bengal [off southwestern Myanmar, eastern Indian Ocean], 16°56'15"N, 92°33'E, Investigator station 312, depth 1343 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Kali indica Lloyd, 1909. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in temperate through subarctic seas. Habitat: marine.

Species Kali kerberti (Weber, 1913) - Kerbert's swallower [=Odontonema kerberti Weber [M.], 1913:149, Dolichodon normani Parr [A. E.], 1931:46, Fig. 18] Notes: [Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition; ref. 4602] Banda Sea [Indonesia, western Pacific], 5°39'S, 122°12'E, Siboga station 208, depth 1886 meters. Current status: Valid as Kali kerberti (Weber, 1913). Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical through warm temperate seas, including Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine. (normani) [Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection Yale University v. 2 (art. 4); ref. 3371] Eastern Pacific coast of Mexico, 16°14'00"N, 99°36'30"W, 3750 feet wire out. Current status: Synonym of Kali kerberti (Weber, 1913). Chiasmodontidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Kali macrodon (Norman, 1929) - bigtooth swallower [=Dysalotus macrodon Norman [J. R.], 1929:542, Fig. 10, Gargaropteron pterodactylops Smith [J. L. B.], 1965:569, Fig. 1; Pl. 13 (figs. B-C)] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 3 (no. 17); ref. 15913] South Atlantic, 33°20'-33°46'S, 15°18'-15°08'E, depth 2000-2500 meters. Current status: Valid as Kali macrodon (Norman, 1929). Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in temperate through subarctic seas. Bathypelagic. Habitat: marine. (pterodactylops) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 13) v. 7 (no. 81) (for. 1964); ref. 4134] Beach at Seapark, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Kali macrodon (Norman, 1929). Chiasmodontidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Kali macrura (Parr, 1933) - Acklins Island swallower [=Hemicyclodon macrurus Parr [A. E.], 1933:35, Fig. 15] Notes: [Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection Yale University v. 3 (art. 6); ref. 3373] Off Acklins Island, Bahamas, western Atlantic, 22°31'15"N, 74°26'20"W, depth 10,000 feet wire out. Current status: Valid as Kali macrura (Parr, 1933). Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical seas, including Hawaiian Islands, but except eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Kali parri Johnson & Cohen, 1974 - Parr's kali swallower [=Kali parri Johnson [R. K.] & Cohen [D. M.], 1974:37, Fig. 13] Notes: [Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft v. 25 (no. 1/2); ref. 7133] Mid-South Atlantic, 5°30'S, 16°28'W, depth 1900-1850 meters. Current status: Valid as Kali parri Johnson & Cohen, 1974. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical seas except western Indian Ocean and eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Pseudoscopelus Lutken, 1892 - swallowers [=Pseudoscopelus Lütken [C. F.], 1892:285, Myersiscus Fowler [H. W.], 1934:361] Notes: [ref. 2858]. Masc. Pseudoscopelus scriptus Lütken, 1892. Type by monotypy. Misspelled Pseudoseopelus by Jordan 1923:230 [ref. 2421]. •Valid as Pseudoscopelus Lütken, 1892 -- (Krefft 1971 [ref. 7434], Krefft 1973:453 [ref. 7166], Uyeno & Aizawa in Uyeno et al. 1983:403 [ref. 14275], Uyeno in Masuda et al. 1984:221 [ref. 6441], Johnson & Keene in Whitehead et al. 1986:960 [ref. 13676], Nakabo et al. 1992 [ref. 21909], Mooi & Paxton 2001:3496 [ref. 26280], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:788 [ref. 25968], McEachran & Sutton 2003:1743 [ref. 27107], Parin 2003:S19 [ref. 28536], Prokofiev & Kukuyev 2005:754 [ref. 28534], Prokofiev & Kukuev 2006:558 [ref. 28731], Prokofiev & Kukuev 2006:159 [ref. 28617], Bray & Hoese 2006:1482 [ref. 29049], Melo et al. 2007:33 [ref. 29307], Spitz et al. 2007:333 [ref. 29400], Prokofiev & Kukuev 2008:13 [ref. 29599], Melo 2009:602 [ref. 30374], Prokofiev 2009:10 [ref. 30026], Prokofiev 2009:930 [ref. 30607], Melo 2010:4, 9 [ref. 31058], Prokofiev 2011:695 [ref. 31701], Parin et al. 2014:462 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Pseudoscopelus Lütken, 1892. Chiasmodontidae. (Myersiscus) [ref. 1416]. Masc. Myersiscus obtusifrons Fowler, 1934. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Pseudoscopelus Lütken, 1892 -- (Prokofiev & Kukuev 2005:752 [ref. 28534], Melo 2010:9 [ref. 31058]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudoscopelus Lütken, 1892. Chiasmodontidae.

Species Pseudoscopelus albeolus Prokofiev & Kukuev, 2008 - Antarctic swallower [=Pseudoscopelus albeolus Prokofiev [A. M.] & Kukuev [E. I.], 2008:69, Figs. 14, 40, 66, 118-124] Notes: [ref. 29599] Antarctic (exact data lost), depth 500-200 meters. Current status: Valid as Pseudoscopelus albeolus Prokofiev & Kukuev, 2008. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Habitat: marine.

Species Pseudoscopelus altipinnis Parr, 1933 - Cat Island swallower [=Pseudoscopelus altipinnis Parr [A. E.], 1933:41, Fig. 18, Pseudoscopelus microps Fowler [H. W.], 1934:359, Fig. 110] Notes: [Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection Yale University v. 3 (art. 6); ref. 3373] Off Cat Island, Bahamas, 24°51'N, 76°28'W, 8,000 feet wire out. Current status: Valid as Pseudoscopelus altipinnis Parr, 1933. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Circumglobal, in tropical and temperate seas. Habitat: marine. (microps) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 85 (for 1933); ref. 1416] Gulf of Boni, Sulawesi, Indonesia, Albatross station 5651, depth 700 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Pseudoscopelus altipinnis Parr, 1933. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Indonesia and Bermuda [if valid]. Habitat: marine.

Species Pseudoscopelus aphos Prokofiev & Kukuev, 2005 - North Atlantic swallower [=Pseudoscopelus aphos Prokofiev [A. M.] & Kukuev [E. I.], 2005:763 [English 725], Fig. 6] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 45 (no. 6); ref. 28534] Nowthwestern Atlantic, vicinity of Angular Rise, 34°N, 50°W, depth 940-1200 meters. Current status: Valid as Pseudoscopelus aphos Prokofiev & Kukuev, 2005. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Western North Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Psuedoscopelus astronesthidens Prokofiev & Kukuev, 2006 - Prokofiev's swallower [=Pseudoscopelus astronesthidens Prokofiev [A. M.] & Kukuev [E. I.], 2006:S27, Figs. 2D, 2G-J, 3C, 4, 5] Notes: [Journal of Ichthyology v. 46, suppl. 1; ref. 29308] Western North Atlantic, 37°34'N, 59°56'W, depth 1230-1250 meters. Current status: Valid as Pseudoscopelus astronesthidens Prokofiev & Kukuev, 2006. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Western North Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Pseudoscopelus australis Prokofiev & Kukuev, 2006 - Patagonian swallower [=Pseudoscopelus australis Prokofiev [A. M.] & Kukuev [E. I.], 2006, Pseudoscopelus albeolus Prokofiev [A. M.] & Kukuev [E. I.], 2008:69, Figs. 14, 40, 66, 118-124] Notes: [Journal of Ichthyology v. 46, suppl. 1; ref. 29308] Patagonia, 53°34.9'S, 29°52.5'W to 53°32.3'S, 29°51.2'W, depth 270-200-220 meters. Current status: Valid as Pseudoscopelus australis Prokofiev & Kukuev, 2006. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in Southern Hemisphere temperate seas. Habitat: marine. (albeolus) [ ref. 29599] Antarctic (exact data lost), depth 500-200 meters. Current status: Synonym of Pseudoscopelus australis Prokofiev & Kukuev, 2006. Chiasmodontidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Pseudoscopelus bothrorrhinos Melo et al., 2007 - Melo's swallower [=Pseudoscopelus bothrorrhinos Melo [M. R. S.], Walker [H. J., Jr.] & Klepadlo [C.], 2007:41, Figs. 7, 8, 9] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 1605; ref. 29307] Western central Pacific, 2°51'S, 169°55'E, depth 1000 meters. Current status: Valid as Pseudoscopelus bothrorrhinos Melo, Walker & Klepadlo, 2007. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean (One record, Comoros Islands) and western and central Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Pseudoscopelus cephalus Fowler, 1934 - Jolo Sea swallower [=Pseudoscopelus cephalus Fowler [H. W.], 1934:361, Fig. 111] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 85 (for 1933); ref. 1416] Jolo Sea, Philippines, 9°38'30"N, 121°11'00"E, Albatross station 5423, depth 508 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Pseudoscopelus cephalus Fowler, 1934. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: off Philippines (one specimen). Habitat: marine. Species Pseudoscopelus cordilluminatus Melo, 2010 - Melo's Chilean swallower [=Pseudoscopelus cordilluminatus Melo [M. R. S.], 2010:34, Figs. 5D, 7A, 13B, 14A-B, 28F] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 2710; ref. 31058] Eastern Atlantic, Guinean Province, 0°00', 19°45'W, depth 0-1164 meters. Current status: Valid as Pseudoscopelus cordilluminatus Melo, 2010. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Pseudoscopelus lavenbergi Melo et al., 2007 - Ecuadorian swallower [=Pseudoscopelus lavenbergi Melo [M. R. S.], Walker [H. J., Jr.] & Klepadlo [C.], 2007:36, Figs. 4, 5, 6] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 1605; ref. 29307] Eastern Pacific off Ecuador, 1°21.0'N, 86°36.0'W. Current status: Valid as Pseudoscopelus lavenbergi Melo, Walker & Klepadlo, 2007. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: California to Chile and to near the Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

Species Pseudoscopelus obtusifrons (Fowler, 1934) - Boni swallower [=Myersiscus obtusifrons Fowler [H. W.], 1934:362, Figs. 112-113, Pseudoscopelus pierbartus Spitz [J.], Quéro [J.-C.] & Vayne [J.-J.], 2007:336, Fig. 2] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 85 (for 1933); ref. 1416] Gulf of Boni, Sulawesi, Indonesia, Albatross station D.5658, 3°32'40"S, 120°31'30"E, depth 510 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Pseudoscopelus obtusifrons (Fowler, 1934). Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Tropical Atlantic and western Pacific and southeastern Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine. (pierbartus) [Cybium v. 31 (no. 3); ref. 29400] Gulf of Gascogne, Northeastern Atlantic, 45°21'N, 3°40'W, depth about 500 meters over 3000 meters. Current status: Synonym of Pseudoscopelus obtusifrons (Fowler, 1934). Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: North Atlantic and western South Atlantic (Brazil) [if valid]. Habitat: marine.

Species Pseudoscopelus odontoglossum Melo, 2010 - Melo's Pacific Plate swallower [=Pseudoscopelus odontoglossum Melo [M. R. S.], 2010:61, Figs. 16D, 23B, 24C, 26A, 28M] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 2710; ref. 31058] Pacific Plate, 10°24'S, 161°01'W, depth 2700 meters. Current status: Valid as Pseudoscopelus odontoglossum Melo, 2010. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Pacific Plate. Habitat: marine.

Species Pseudoscopelus parini Prokofiev & Kukuev, 2006 - Marcus-Nekker swallower [=Pseudoscopelus parini Prokofiev [A. M.] & Kukuev [E. I.], 2006:481 [English], Fig. 1, Pseudoscopelus vityazi Prokofiev [A. M.] & Kukuev [E. I.], 2008:158, Figs. 197-200, Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 46 (no. 4); ref. 28731] Marcus-Nekker Ridge, western North Pacific, 24°07.8'N, 150°00'E, depth 1230 meters. Current status: Valid as Pseudoscopelus parini Prokofiev & Kukuev, 2006. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Western Pacific; western Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine. (vityazi) [ref. 29599] Western Indian Ocean, 15°07' to 14°56'S, 44°03' to 43°36'E, depth 3400-3473 meters. Current status: Synonym of Pseudoscopelus parini Prokofiev & Kukuev, 2006. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean (if valid). Habitat: marine.

Species Pseudoscopelus paxtoni Melo, 2010 - Chatham swallower [=Pseudoscopelus paxtoni Melo [M. R. S.], 2010:42, 16B, 17B, 18A, 19A-B, 28H] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 2710; ref. 31058] Off Chatham Islands, at East Chatham Rise, 42°39'S, 176°57'W, New Zealand, Tasman Sea, depth 1409 meters. Current status: Valid as Pseudoscopelus paxtoni Melo, 2010. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Chatham Islands to west of New Zealand. Habitat: marine.

Species Pseudoscopelus sagamianus Tanaka, 1908 - Sagami swallower [=Pseudoscopelus scriptus sagamianus Tanaka [S.], 1908:13, Pl. 1 (fig. 2), Pseudoscopelus sagamianus oceanicus Prokofiev [A. M.], 2011:714, Fig. 7b] Notes: [Journal of the College of Science. Imperial University, Tokyo v. 23 (art. 13); ref. 4321] [original: Sagami Bay, Pacific coast of Japan.] Northeastern Pacific, 40°00'N, 165°00'W. Current status: Valid as Pseudoscopelus sagamianus Tanaka, 1908. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Western Pacific to Hawaii, Indian Ocean, Atlantic [subspecies sagamianus is western and central Pacific]. Habitat: marine. (oceanicus) [Journal of Ichthyology v. 51 (no. 9); ref. 31701] 33°57'S, 45°30'E, depth 1260-1295 meters. Current status: Synonym of Pseudoscopelus sagamianus Tanaka, 1908. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Atlantic and Indian oceans. Habitat: marine.

Species Pseudoscopelus scriptus Lutken, 1892 - Bahamian swallower [=Pseudoscopelus scriptus Lütken [C. F.], 1892:284 [64], Pl. 1 (figs. 3-5), Pseudoscopelus stellatus Beebe [W.], 1932:75, Fig. 18] Notes: [Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et des Lettres de Danemark, Copenhague (Sér. 6) v. 7 (no. 6); ref. 2858] Western North Atlantic, Old Bahamas Channel. Current status: Valid as Pseudoscopelus scriptus Lütken, 1892. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Western and Central Atlantic, possible off Nigeria. Habitat: marine. (stellatus) [Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society v. 13 (no. 4); ref. 16099] 8 miles southeast of Nonsuch Island, Bermuda, depth 300 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Pseudoscopelus scriptus Lütken, 1892. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: North Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Pseudoscopelus scutatus Krefft, 1971 - Krefft's swallower [=Pseudoscopelus scutatus Krefft [G.], 1971:166, Figs. 1-8] Notes: [Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft v. 22 (no. 3); ref. 7434] Eastern North Atlantic, 2°44'N, 25°12'W, depth 380-175 to 0 meters. Current status: Valid as Pseudoscopelus scutatus Krefft, 1971. Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific: most records from tropical waters of North and South Atlantic; also from western North Pacific off Japan; one Indian Ocean record (Arabian Sea). Habitat: marine ****************************************

Unavailable names, uncertain taxa vastator, Ponerodon Alcock [A. W.] 1890:203, Pl. 9 (fig. 5) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 6 (no. 33) (art. 26); ref. 82] Off Madras Coast, India, 15°38'N, 82°30'E, Investigator station 102, depth 920-690 fathoms. Holotype (unique): ZSI F12836 [whereabouts unknown]. Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:145 [ref. 20743], Menon & Rama-Rao 1975:40 [ref. 22148]. •Synonym of Chiasmodon niger Johnson 1864 -- (Krefft 1973:452 [ref. 7166], Johnson & Keene 1990:900 [ref. 19355], Prokofiev 2008:212 [ref. 29559], Prokofiev & Kukuev 2009:901 [ref. 30607]). •Species inquirenda in Chiasmodontidae -- (Melo 2009:602 [ref. 30374]). Chiasmodontidae. Distribution: India [if valid]. Habitat: marine.