El Concepto De Matrimonio En Gregory La Cava

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El concepto de matrimonio en Gregory La Cava José Alfredo Peris Cancioa y José Sanmartín Espluguesb 1. LA OPORTUNIDAD DE REFLEXIONAR SOBRE EL CONCEPTO DEL MATRIMONIO EN GREGORY LA CAVA La sección del blog sobre cine que ve- nimos desarrollando en la revista SCIO, publicada por la Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, intenta res- ponder a un interrogante sin duda ambi- cioso: ¿qué nos enseña el Hollywood clá- sico sobre el matrimonio entendido como la unión en igualdad de varón y mujer? Gregory La Cava and Irene Dunn on the set of Un- Tejido con mimbres de cinéfilos y de pro- finished Business. fesores de filosofía, nos movemos entre un Fuente: <www.filmreference.com> Escila y un Caribdis que continuamente nos amenazan. Si nos ceñimos al texto gamos los excursus filosóficos, tememos fílmico (como nos gusta llamar a las pe- perder a los cinéfilos. lículas cuando las tomamos como objetos En el comentario filosófico de las fil- de lectura y estudio), tememos desalentar mografías de los directores que desarrolla- a los interesados en la filosofía; si prolon- mos en el citado blog, tenemos el riesgo a Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir. b Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir. FIDES ET RATIO 2 [Mayo 2017], 149-165, ISSN: 2444-961X 150 Críticas cinematográficas de inclinarnos más por lo primero –se do al cine, cuando le gusta una película, siente una especial sensación de privilegio cuando queda impactado por ella, suele cuando se describen producciones cine- tener una agradable sensación de nove- matográficas que se creían perdidas o que dad, de haber descubierto algo que hasta son poco visionadas… y pensamos que entonces no había visto, sentido, valo- ¡ojalá estemos haciendo un buen servicio rado… Sin embargo, una reflexión crítica a la cultura volviéndolas a poner en circu- sobre el cine pone de manifiesto que, des- lación a través del blog!–, por eso mismo de sus fases más tempranas, las películas se nos vamos a dedicar a lo segundo en este hicieron aprendiendo unas de otras. artículo, que se publica en una revista en Este argumento, central en la obra de la que la convocatoria a los filósofos es lo Stanley Cavell (Cavell, 1979), lejos de más determinante. Y vamos a autolimitar- restar placer estético, está llamado a au- nos en las referencias cinematográficas a la mentarlo. Pero no es una tarea siempre obra de La Cava1. Dado que los artículos fácil. Con frecuencia, la cadena de prece- que aparecen en el blog son profusamente dentes puede llegar a ser inabarcable. Los descriptivos de los filmes, nos remitimos a remakes, los préstamos y las copias simples ellos para justificar las alusiones. Así inten- de unas películas a otras son recursos que taremos ahorrar, en la medida de lo posi- aparecieron muy pronto en el mundo del ble, al lector más interesado en los temas cine americano. filosóficos, las citas fílmicas, por si le resul- La propuesta de estudiar longitudinal- tan un lastre para seguir la argumentación. mente la filmografía de directores del cine En la entradilla de la sección del blog hollywoodiense se constituye en un hilo que tenemos encomendada, hacemos una conductor en este laberinto de recursos triple afirmación y una pregunta sobre las fílmicos. Comparar películas de distintos que queremos volver a continuación, an- directores es un ejercicio muchas veces tes de entrar de lleno en los conceptos que iluminador, pero siempre lastrado por el vertebran las películas de La Cava (Partea- riesgo de la arbitrariedad en la elección. rroyo, 1995). Comparar las distintas manifestaciones de un solo director a lo largo de su filmogra- fía debería ayudarnos, en cambio, a hacer Las películas parecen aprender unas de otras juicios más precisos. Ciñéndonos al director mencionado, Esta afirmación es la que justifica la Gregory La Cava (1892-1952) es un rea- metodología que empleamos. El aficiona- lizador del cine clásico poco conocido por 1 Towanda, Pensilvania (Los Ángeles, 1892; California, 1952). Director estadounidense que comenzó como animador en cartoons y gozó de grandes éxitos en los años treinta, particularmente cultivando la screwball comedy. A su obra están dedicadas las tres primeras entregas de la sección que dirigimos en el blog (Peris Cancio, 2016). FIDES ET RATIO 2 [Mayo 2017], 149-165, ISSN: 2444-961X El concepto de matrimonio en Gregory La Cava 151 el gran público, salvo quizá por una de sus al uso de historia de la filosofía suelen ex- comedias más difundidas: My Man Go- plicar que, en el origen de la filosofía en dfrey (1936, Al servicio de las damas). Para Jonia, se encuentra un cambio de forma los más interesados sin una excesiva espe- del lenguaje: se deja de explicar la realidad cialización en él, La Cava pasa por ser un desde el mito y se acude a la razón, al lo- director ácido, crítico, con una enorme gos. Lo que casi siempre se omite es que carga de ironía. Para apoyar esta opinión, no dejaron de prestar los mitos su servicio suele aducirse que La Cava comenzó en el a la razón. Y lo que con la misma asidui- mundo de los cartoons (dibujos humorís- dad se oculta es que no hay filosofía que se ticos o satíricos). sostenga sin unos mitos que la sustenten. Según lo que se acaba de decir, la con- Es decir, que un discurso argumentativo cepción de La Cava sobre el matrimonio necesita representaciones más amplias que debería ser crítica y disolvente. La sor- le den sentido. presa, al estudiar su filmografía, ha sido Creo que ha sido un mérito innegable encontrarnos con otra cosa muy distinta. de la hermenéutica de Gadamer y tam- Los personajes de La Cava, que en mu- bién del segundo Wittgenstein y de sus chos casos sufren la marginalidad y la po- seguidores –muy destacadamente, Stanley breza, buscan muy a menudo en el ma- Cavell– volver a abrir la puerta de la razón trimonio algo que les permita recuperar a la sabiduría de lo mítico, la imagina- su dignidad como personas. Una tabla de ción, lo metarracional… En nuestro caso, salvación. Una esperanza. Una ilumina- añadimos sin problemas las noticias que ción. Iremos justificando esta afirmación pueden venir de otro saber –para nosotros a lo largo del artículo. superior, quizá para otros culturalmente relevante– como es la religión revelada, el cristianismo. El Hollywood clásico de los años veinte, El cine sin imágenes sintéticas carga- treinta y cuarenta constituye una cantera das de contenido emocional no hubiese inagotable de argumentos y gestos que sido, quizá, sino una filmación de acon- siguen nutriendo el buen cine tecimientos (lo que hoy conocemos como documentales) con una estética básica- Esta segunda afirmación descansa so- mente formal. En los tiempos en los que bre el hecho de que este cine parece haber la novela experimentó su primera gran captado su gramática esencial2. En eso el crisis, el cinematógrafo comenzó una cine le lleva cierta ventaja a la filosofía, si andadura que, con el tiempo, le iría per- se permite el atrevimiento. Los manuales mitiendo colmar grandes áreas del vacío 2 Sin que con ello queramos suscribir la tesis extrema de Rudolf Arnheim sobre que el cine, como forma artística pura, es el cine mundo (Arnheim, 1986). FIDES ET RATIO 2 [Mayo 2017], 149-165, ISSN: 2444-961X 152 Críticas cinematográficas generado. En el embrión de cada género monial es percibida más desde su función cinematográfico hay un imaginario cultu- social que desde su significado interperso- ralmente compartido, muchas veces nu- nal. Es decir, para La Cava el matrimonio trido por una popularización de los textos es, ante todo, un acontecimiento que va de la prosa novelística o del teatro. a permitir que las personas cambien sus Esa gramática esencial permite regresar vidas, lo cual lo emparenta fácilmente con al cine mudo o a grandes clásicos como una comprensión del matrimonio como John Ford, Cecil B. De Mille, Frank Bor- acontecimiento de salvación, tal y como zage, Ernst Lubitsch o Fritz Lang y en- se desarrolla hoy en la teología católica contrar un apreciable ejercicio de síntesis, (san Juan Pablo II, 1995). El sacramen- de concentración de elementos de cuyo to del matrimonio hace que el esposo sea desarrollo aún se sigue nutriendo gran Cristo para la esposa y viceversa. Y desde parte del cine, no solo del americano. esa nueva manera de ser es posible, desde El matrimonio ocupó un espacio pri- una renovación profunda de la persona y vilegiado en esa gramática esencial con de su vocación al amor y a la comunión todas sus dimensiones: sinónimo de fi- con Dios, una renovación radical de la so- nal feliz, motivo de drama, ocasión de ciedad humana. travesuras, relato central de la vida de los Otros directores como Mitchell Leisen pueblos… Pronto, los distintos códigos o Leo McCarey también describen estos de autorregulación que culminaron en el acontecimientos de transformación, pero código Hays obligaron a tratar con respeto sobre todo pretenden incidir en la dimen- esta institución. Eso pudo restar libertad sión social de la riqueza o de la pobreza en la creación en algunos casos. En otros, y en la desigualdad que hay que superar no generó el menor problema: sintonizar para conseguir el tú-a-tú del matrimonio. con las aspiraciones, los dolores, las ale- En La Cava, en cambio, se descubre un grías o las penas del público a través del énfasis particular en describir procesos matrimonio resultaba un terreno de fácil profundos –casi terapéuticos– de recupe- tránsito. ración personal. Y la Cava transita así. Su visión sobre el matrimonio no se sale del cauce bas- tante común entre los cineastas de su ge- Entre los argumentos del Hollywood clásico neración.
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  • Love's Final Irony

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    1 Love’s Final Irony John Barrymore and Carole Lombard in Twentieth Century But there is one side of acting that has always stirred me . This is the superiority of the actor over reality . Of the few actors that I have known who had the genius, I admired most Jack Barrymore . he was the greatest actor of my time. —Ben Hecht (A Child of the Century 431) • SPIRING ACTRESS MILDRED PLOTKA—Carole Lombard—is crying. Theatrical impresario Oscar Jaffe—John Barrymore—has broken A her down. Poor Mildred is to play Mary Jo Calhoun in Jaffe’s lat- est production, Hearts of Kentucky. In this play, she is to assume the stage moniker “Lily Garland,” the dreamt-up name of the star Jaffe would like Miss Plotka to become. But she can’t get the cry right. Blocking and directing her movements on the stage with zig-zagging chalk, Jaffe has made sure Mildred knows where to stand. But she doesn’t yet know how to project her voice and body theatrically. When her character’s character is to react to her father’s death, Lombard raises her hands to her throat and gazes up at the heavens with a subtlety only a film camera could register. And Howard Hawks’s camera does register Lombard’s 33 © 2017 State University of New York Press, Albany 34 Gestures of Love Figure 1.1. John Barrymore, Carole Lombard, and performance pedagogy: Twentieth Century (Columbia, 1934). perfectly expressed manifestation of what is, in the context of Jaffe’s theater, Mildred’s performative failure.
  • Summer Classic Film Series Is Returning for Its 44Th Year, Bringing More Well-Preserved Film Prints and Dazzling Digital Restorations to Our Scorching Hot Town

    Summers in Austin aren’t getting any cooler. Now for the good news: the Paramount Summer Classic Film Series is returning for its 44th year, bringing more well-preserved film prints and dazzling digital restorations to our scorching hot town. This summer, we are screening more than 125 films — from romance and comedy to thrillers and chillers — and we hope you will join us for this annual three-month-long celebration of the SUMMER CLASSIC FILM SERIES movies! Films screening at the Paramount will be marked with a ( ), Presented by: while films screening at Stateside will be marked with an ( ). Crazy in Love – Thurs, May 23 – Sun, May 26 Epic Sunday Matinee – Sun, June 2 Everyone can see these characters are in love — except them Clear your schedule for one of cinema’s greatest (and longest) movies OPENING NIGHT FILM! 85TH ANNIVERSARY 65TH ANNIVERSARY! Casablanca It Happened One Night Seven Samurai (1942, 102min/b&w, 35mm) (1934, 105min/b&w, DCP) Clark Gable, Claudette (1954, 207min/b&w/Japanese w/ English subtitles, 35mm) Toshiro Mifune, Humphrey Bogart, Ingrid Colbert, and Walter Connolly. Directed by Frank Capra. Takashi Shimura, and Keiko Tsushima. Directed by Akira Kurosawa. One of the Bergman, Paul Henreid, Claude Of all the road-trip movies, this is easily the swooniest. most astonishing epics of all time, this masterpiece from legendary filmmaker Akira Rains, Conrad Veidt, Sydney Clark Gable and Claudette Colbert come together like Kurosawa tells the story of a sixteenth-century village whose desperate inhabitants hire the titular warriors to protect Greenstreet, and Peter Lorre. fire and water, she an heiress who has eloped against them from invading bandits.