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The Memoirs of Captain Carleton

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A. W. S^cord Th^ M^nna'irs of Captain Carlefon \ I r THE MEMOIRS OF CAPTAIN CARLETON BY ARTHUR WELLESLEY SECORD A. B. Greenville College, 1916 THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN ENGLISH IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 1920 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS THE GRADUATE SCHOOL ^ v^hi- I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY. ENTITLED] JlG^zJ-A^ foOJiJlo^tl BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF^ /AiP-<i^^ 4 /^^^ Head of Department Recommendation concurred in* Committee on Final Examination* *Required for doctor's degree but not for master's umc TABLE OF COITTEIJTS Chapter I The History of the George Carleton Problem Chapter II The Composition of the Solebay Episode Chapter III The Possible Authorship of the Solebay Episode Bibliography . , Chapter I THE HISTOEY OF THS GEORGE CAELETOH PROBLEM On the 16th of May, 1728, (O.S.), there was published, in London, a volume with the following title page:'^ THE / MEMOIRS / OF M / English Officer, / Who serv'd in the Dutch War in / 1672. to the Peace of Utrecht, in / 1713. / Containing / Several Remark- able TRMSACTIOUS both / by Sea and Land, and in divers Coun- / tries, but chiefly those wherein the Au- / thor was personally concern' d. / Together with / A DESCRIPTIOiJ of many Cities, Towns, and / Countries, in which he resided; their Man- / ners and Customs, as well Religious as Civil, / inter- spersed with many curious OBSERVATIONS / on their Monasteries and IJunneries, more par- / ticularly of the famous one at Mont se rat. / On the BULL-FEASTS, and other publick Diversions; / as also on the Gen- ius of the Spanish People, a- / mongst whom he con- tinued several Years a Prisoner / of War. JIo Part of which has before been made / publick. / By Capt. GEORGE CARLETOH. / LOIIDOi^, Printed for E. Symon, over against the Royal / Exchange, Cornhill. MDCCXXVIII. Within ten days, a second title page was substituted, and the book . reissued as "The Military Memoirs of Captain George Carleton. " with a few other minor changes in the title, and in the dedication and the preface. The date of this reissue (which for convenience will be designated the 2nd edition} has long been assum.ed to be July 26, 1728, on which day an advertisement of it appeared in the 2 "Evening Post". It was, indeed, until 1893, considered the date of 1 Mr. G.A.Aitken ( Academy , vol.43, 1893, p. 483) discovered the advertisement of The Memoirs of an English Officer. in the Daily C ourant of May 16, 1728. It is barely possible that the real date of publication was even earlier. 2 In 1859, J.Y., a writer in ^Slotes and Queries (2nd ser. , vol, vii, pp. 150-1), discovered the notice in the Evening Post from Thursday July 25 to Saturday July 27, 17^?8:"Just Publish' d. The Military Mem.oirs of Captain George Carleton..." Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/memoirsofcaptainOOseco -2- the original publication. But it appears now that it is not even the date of the 2nd edition (or reissue), for identically the same advertisement was carried in the "Post Boy" (lo. 6063) from Saturday I.iay 26 to Tuesday i-Iay 28, 1728, approximately nine days after the 1st edition was placed on sale. A third and a fourth 1 edition appeared In 1741 and 1743, respectively. Then, as in 1728, England was at war with Spain, and the consequent interest in Spanish affairs seems to have been relied upon to sell the book. As the title sug^-ests, these 'Memoirs" purport to recount the military career of one George Carleton from 1672, when as a young gentleman of about 20 years, he took part as a volunteer under the I>uke of York in the famous naval battle of iiouthwold Bay, or Solebay, to the close of the Tar of the Spanish Suc- cession with the treaty of Utrecht in 1713. 'Two years after Solebay, that is, in 1674, Carleton enlisted unaer the standards of William of orange in the Lowlands where he fought steadily till the temporary lull in 1678, his bravery winning him a place 1 iir. C.E.Doble ( Academy , vol.43, p. 393. bee, also, ...r. Alt- ken's confirmatory note, p. 483) has shown that all four of these editions are from a single impression. In the 1st edition, the dedication (to Sir Spencer Corapton, Baron of ".ilmington) incor- rectly addresses Sir bpencer as 'Spencer Lord Com.pton'* (p. ill). The 2nd edition (the reissue of 1728) corrects that blunder, and omits, from the address 'To the Leader", a postscript in which the reader is desired to overlook some errors in the arrangement of paragraphs (p.vlii). In this edition the type for the whole of pp. i-viii were reset. But in the 3rd and 4th editions (1741 and 1743), only pp. l,ii,vii, and viii were reset - the inner fold being taken from stock in the printer's warehouse. Thus, while the title page was altered in both cases, and the post- script on p. viii omitted, the original error concerning Sir Spencer Compton's title reappears. In all four editions, a sin- gle leaf (pp. 117-118) has been removed and another Inserted, as ensign in the regiment of Sir John ienwick. Upon being sent to England with his regiment at the time of the Iiionmouth rebel- lion ( 1685), uarleton left the service of the i:rince, and accept- ed a lieutenantcy in a newly raised regiment commanded by Colonel Tufton, and thus remained in iiingland till after the accession of William and Mary, when his regiment was sent to Scotland; there some unusual exploits at the capture of i^ethindy Castle won him a captaincy in the regiment of brigadier Tiffin, with which (1692) he returned to fight in the Continental wtrs till the -eace of 1 Hyswick in 1697. The war being over, Tiffin's regiment was sent to Ireland and from thence to the '"est Indies; carle ton, however, exchanged places with an half-pay captain, and so escaped going to the in- dies. When the War of the Succession opened, he was recommended by Lord Cutts to the ii«arl of Peterborough, and was appointed to a place on Peterborough's staff, accompanying the expedition to Spain in 1705. Thus he participated in the famous capture of Barcelona, and was active in several capacities, especially as engineer, till wounded and taken prisoner at x^enia in 1708. The last third of the "Memoirs" tells of his fortunes as a Spanish prisoner - the customs and character of the people are illustrat- ed with many anecdotes, and many interesting scenes and places are described. 7;ith the close of the war (1713J, he received his freedom, and leisurely travelled back to i^ngland. At this point the account ends. 1 During this time two trips are made to xingland: he is re- turned with his regiment in 1693 to do duty in the Tower, and in 1696 in connection with the disturbance aroused by the as- sassination plot of that year. -4- The book, though very readable, seems to have excited little 1 notice until a singular incident occurred in 1784 which had much to do with its later history. On Sunday, June 27, 1784, jr. John- son dined with Sir Joshua P.eynolds, Lord Eliot, and some others. 2 The conversation, as reported by Boswell, turned upon Peter- borough, who, Johnson said, was one of his favorites; he lamented that Peterborough was not better known, his character having been mainly ventilated through party pamphlets. Lord liliot mentioned the "Memoirs of Captain Carleton" as containing the best account of Peterborough's exploits. "Johnson said he had never heard of the book. Lord Eliot had it at Port ifiliot; but, after a good deal of enquiry, procured a copy in London, and sent it to Johnson, who told Sir Joshua Leynolds that he was going to bed when it came, but was so pleased with it, that he sat up till he had read it through, and found in it such an air of truth, that he could not doubt of its authenticity; adding, with a smile... 'I did not think a young Lord could have mentioned to me a book in the English his- 3 tory that was not known to me.'" 1 liesides the advertisements of the 3rd and 4th eaitions in the various ne-^spapers during 1741 and 1743, I find the former listed in the ''Bibliotheca Smithiana, seu Catalogus Librorum D. Josephi S mithi i Angi i per uognomma AutTT5"rUm jiSpO situs. VeWeTiis TTTHTRTCLT" . xciv. —2 , p Boswell, James; Life of Johnson, vol. iv, ( ed. 1887 , pp. 333-4) 3 Three other 18th century notices of the "Memoirs" may be mentioned. (1) In 1786, they were listed as fiction in "A General Catalogue of i^ooks .. .published in London from the year 1700 to 1786. .Printed for W. Bent. (2) In 1790, James ..^etjt AnJ.re'.^-s quoted one of its anecdotes (concerning the bravery of the Duke " " of York) in his Anecdotes . .Ancient and Modern (p. 170}, (3) Dr. Thomas Somerville, in his Keign of Queen Anne (1798), rejects the Memoirs as untrustwort^iy. 1 As a probable result of Jr. Johnson's remarks, the "Memoirs" were soon to attract the attention of the great novelist. Sir Wal- ter Scott, whose Interest In the Spanish patriotic outburst a- galnst iiapoleon's actions at Bayonne , led him, in 1808, to reissue 2 them, with a lively preface and with notes, as authentic history.
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