DOCSLIB.ORG

Final Evaluation of Hinckley's Pond

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Final Evaluation of Hinckley's Pond EVALUATION OF HINCKLEYS POND, HARWICH, MASSACHUSETTS BY WATER RESOURCE SERVICES, INC. AND CDM SMITH JULY 2012 Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 5 Study Approach and Methods ...................................................................................................................... 5 Lake Features ................................................................................................................................................ 8 Physical Attributes and History ................................................................................................................. 8 Water Chemistry ..................................................................................................................................... 12 Sediment Assessment ............................................................................................................................. 17 Phytoplankton ......................................................................................................................................... 19 Zooplankton ............................................................................................................................................ 19 Rooted Plants .......................................................................................................................................... 23 Fish .......................................................................................................................................................... 23 Watershed Features and Loads .................................................................................................................. 23 Watershed Size and Boundary ................................................................................................................ 23 Land Uses ................................................................................................................................................ 24 Surface Water Drainage Issues ............................................................................................................... 29 On-Site Wastewater Disposal Assessment ............................................................................................. 33 Cranberry Bog Assessment ..................................................................................................................... 35 Hydrologic Loading...................................................................................................................................... 42 Water Inputs and Outputs ...................................................................................................................... 42 Nutrient Loading ......................................................................................................................................... 45 Nutrient Inputs and Outputs ................................................................................................................... 45 Lake Loading Response Model ................................................................................................................ 47 Model Inputs ....................................................................................................................................... 47 Model Calculations .............................................................................................................................. 47 Model Predictions ............................................................................................................................... 48 Management Goals ..................................................................................................................................... 50 Current Uses ........................................................................................................................................... 50 Use Impairment ...................................................................................................................................... 50 Rehabilitation Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 50 Possible Loading Targets ......................................................................................................................... 51 Management Options ................................................................................................................................. 51 Additional Information for Artificial Circulation ..................................................................................... 67 Additional Information for Nutrient Inactivation ................................................................................... 72 Prediction of Conditions Achievable Through Management .................................................................. 79 Management Conclusions and Recommendations .................................................................................... 83 Funding Options .......................................................................................................................................... 88 References .................................................................................................................................................. 90 Tables Table 1. Bathymetric features of Hinckleys Pond. ...................................................................................... 11 Table 2. Water quality data for Hinckleys Pond collected by the PALS program, 2005 – 2010. ................ 13 Table 3. Average values for water quality features of Hinckleys Pond, 2005-2010. .................................. 17 Table 4. Sediment quality data from the December 2009 sampling. ......................................................... 18 Table 5. Sediment quality data from the September 2011 sampling. ........................................................ 18 Table 6. Phytoplankton data for Hinckley Pond. ........................................................................................ 20 Table 7. Summary of phytoplankton data for Hinckleys Pond. .................................................................. 21 Table 8. Zooplankton of Hinckleys Pond. .................................................................................................... 22 Table 9. Estimation of nutrient inputs from Title 5 wastewater disposal systems to Hinckleys Pond. ...... 34 Table 10. Results from bog discharge testing at Jenkins and Thatcher Bogs, October 2011. .................... 38 Table 11. Hinckleys Pond water level. ........................................................................................................ 40 Table 12. Estimation of loading to Hinckleys Pond from cranberry bogs. .................................................. 41 Table 13. Water and nutrient loads to Hinckleys Pond. ............................................................................. 44 Table 14. Export coefficients applied in LLRM for Hinckleys Pond. ............................................................ 47 Table 15. LLRM load summary for Hinckleys Pond. .................................................................................... 48 Table 16. LLRM predictions for current conditions with actual data for comparison. ............................... 49 Table 17. Algae management options review ............................................................................................. 52 Table 18. Estimation of phosphorus inactivation dose and cost for Hinckleys Pond. ................................ 74 Table 19. Calculation of the longevity of phosphorus inactivation on phosphorus load to Hinckleys Pond. .................................................................................................................................................................... 76 Table 20. Summary of LLRM output of predicted Hinckleys Pond water quality for various management scenarios. ............................................................................................................. 80 Table 21. Cost comparison of possible internal load reduction approaches. ............................................. 86 Figures Figure 1. Location and general area features of Hinckleys Pond.................................................................. 6 Figure 2. Outlet of Hinckleys Pond in 2011. ................................................................................................ 10 Figure 3. Bathymetric map of Hinckleys Pond. ........................................................................................... 10 Figure 4. Defined edge of muck accumulations that completely cover the bottom of Hinckleys Pond. ... 11 Figure 5. Selected water quality of Hinckleys Pond, 2005 – 2010, expressed for three depth ranges. ..... 15 Figure 6. Graphic summary of algal biomass in Hinckleys Pond. ................................................................ 21 Figure 7. Surface watershed of Hinckleys Pond. ......................................................................................... 25 Figure 8. Groundwater contours in the Hinckleys Pond area. ...................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Growing Smarter in Plymouth's Fifth Century; Master Plan 2004-2024
    i PLYMOUTH PLANNING BOARD LORING TRIPP, Chair PAUL MCALDUFF NICHOLAS FILLA, Vice Chair WENDY GARPOW, ALTERNATE LARRY ROSENBLUM MALCOLM MCGREGOR PLYMOUTH MASTER PLAN COMMITTEE (2004) ENZO MONTI, Chair JOHN MARTINI RUTH AOKI, Vice Chair LARRY ROSENBLUM AILEEN DROEGE IRA SMITH SASH ERSKINE LORING TRIPP ELAINE SCHWOTZER LUTZ CHARLES VANDINI PREVIOUS MEMBERS OF THE MASTER PLAN COMMITTEE THOMAS BOTT JAMES MASON TERRY DONOGHUE MARY MULCAHY WILLIAM FRANKS DON QUINN ROBERTA GRIMES ROBERT REIFEISS REBECCA HALL TOM WALLACE GERRE HOOKER BRIAN WHITFIELD LOUISE HOUSTON MARK WITHINGTON TOM MALONEY DIRECTOR OF PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT LEE HARTMANN, AICP MASTER PLAN CONSULTANT MICHAEL PESSOLANO EDITING AND GRAPHIC DESIGN: GOODY, CLANCY & ASSOCIATES Photos: Larry Rosenblum Paul McAlduff Goody Clancy Thanks to everyone in Plymouth who helped create the Master Plan. GROWING SMARTER IN PLYMOUTH’S FIFTH CENTURY Town of Plymouth, Massachusetts Master Plan, 2004–2024 Plymouth Planning Board Master Plan Committee August 2006 Table of Contents VISION STATEMENT FOR PLYMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS MASTER PLAN OVERVIEW 1. LAND USE 2. NATURAL RESOURCES 3. OPEN SPACE AND RECREATION 4. HISTORIC AND CULTURAL RESOURCES 5. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 6. PUBLIC FACILITIES/SERVICES 7. TRANSPORTATION APPENDIX: MAPS vi Vision Statement for Plymouth, Massachusetts In 20 years, the Town of Plymouth will be a beautiful, maturing community with vibrant and pleasant village centers, a preserved and enhanced historic heritage, long stretches of accessible coastline, integrated areas of commerce and compact housing, and vast, connected areas of open space set aside for preservation, outdoor activities, and appreciation of nature. Plymouth will retain its outstanding visual character, de- fined by clean ponds, rivers, wetlands, coastline, and forests.
    [Show full text]
  • 2014-2015 Winter Newsletter
    Winter 2014 / 2015 Winter BELGRADE LAKES ASSOCIATION To protect and improve the watershed of Great Pond and Long Pond through Preservation, Education and Action. Full moon at twilight on the Mill Stream, Great Pond. A MESSAGE FROM OUR PRESIDENT Dear Members of the Belgrade Lakes Association, On behalf of the Belgrade Lakes Association I want to thank you for your support given to the BLA in 2014. As you read through this newsletter, you will see many of our reports from our busy season. We have had many accomplishments. However, BLA is already gearing up for the 2015 Season. 106 years of Protecting and Preserving Great and Long Pond, through preservation, education and action plans, cannot be done by ourselves which is why your membership and involvement is so important to our mission statement and to the BLA programs that we sponsor. I have challenged each of the BLA Board of Directors to recruit 10 new members. Could I ask all of you to find one new member for the BLA organization? Would you ask your neighbors if they are members, and, if not, could you ask them to join to help protect our Lakes? Your action would be very helpful! My wish to you all is to have a healthy and a Happy New Year. I hope to see many of you this summer, 2015. We would love to hear your stories about growing up on the Lakes. Please tell us how you feel about our amazing lakes. Write an article for the newsletter?! I am looking forward to serving you as your President and working together with your outstanding Board of Directors.
    [Show full text]
  • Event Information
    Town of Plymouth, Massachusetts Department of Marine and Environmental Affairs 11 Lincoln Street, Plymouth, MA 02360 | 508-747-1620 10 Acre Public Ponds - Quick Reference Chart Acreage Pond Name Acreage Pond Name 10 Abner Pond 53 Island Pond (South) 31 Bartlett Pond (5) 24 King's Pond 20 Big Rocky Pond 81 Little Herring Pond (5)(6) 148 Big Sandy Pond (4)(6) 37 Little Island Pond 279 Billington Sea (4)(6) 50 Little Long Pond (5)(6) 98 Bloody Pond (2) (4) 10 Little Micaja Pond 74 Boot Pond (2)(6) 45 Little Pond (2) 19 Bump's Pond 12 Little Rocky Pond 18 Charge Pond 34 Little Sandy Pond 14 Clear Pond 66 Little South Pond (6) 50 College Pond (6) 224 Long Pond (3)(6) 25 Cook's Pond 20 Lout Pond 45 Curlew Pond 25 Micaja Pond 91 East Head Reservoir 26 Morey's Pond 27 Fearing Pond 10 Morton Pond 140 Federal Pond 22 New Long Pond 67 Fresh Pond 62 Pinewood Lake 51 Gallow's Pond 22 Rocky Pond 419 Great Herring Pond (4)(6) 48 Russell Mill Pond (5) 84 Great Island Pond (3) (4) 20 Shallow Pond 290 Great South Pond (4) 14 Ship Pond (6) 29 Gunner's Exchange Pond (6) 20 South Triangle Pond 229 Halfway Pond (4)(6) 15 Three-Cornered Pond 30 Hedge's Pond 91 West Ponds (4) 22 Hoyt Pond 37 White's Pond 12 Indian Brook Reservoir 26 Widgeon Pond 14 Island Pond (North) (1) Highlighted ponds are 30 acres or less – Prohibited to internal combustion engines.
    [Show full text]
  • Thomas Prince, the Puritan Past, and New England's Future, 1660-1736
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2011 The Wondrous Chain of Providence: Thomas Prince, the Puritan Past, and New England's Future, 1660-1736 Thomas Joseph Gillan College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Gillan, Thomas Joseph, "The Wondrous Chain of Providence: Thomas Prince, the Puritan Past, and New England's Future, 1660-1736" (2011). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539626655. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-rkeb-ec16 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Wondrous Chain of Providence: Thomas Prince, the Puritan Past, and New England’s Future, 1660-1736 Thomas Joseph Gillan Winter Springs, Florida Bachelor of Arts, University of Central Florida, 2008 A Thesis presented to the Graduate Faculty of the College of William and Mary in Candidacy for the Degree of Master of Arts Lyon G. Tyler Department of History The College of William and Mary May 2011 APPROVAL PAGE This Thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Thomas Joseph GillaiT"'J Approved by the Com^^ ^ ^ March, 2011 Committee Chair Associate Professor Chandos M. Brown, History The College of WrNiam and Mary Professor Ifhristopher Grasso, History The College of William and Mary Assistant Professor Nicholas S.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Puritanism in the Southern and Island Colonies
    Early Puritanism in the Southern and Island Colonies BY BABETTE M. LEVY Preface NE of the pleasant by-products of doing research O work is the realization of how generously help has been given when it was needed. The author owes much to many people who proved their interest in this attempt to see America's past a little more clearly. The Institute of Early American History and Culture gave two grants that enabled me to devote a sabbatical leave and a summer to direct searching of colony and church records. Librarians and archivists have been cooperative beyond the call of regular duty. Not a few scholars have read the study in whole or part to give me the benefit of their knowledge and judgment. I must mention among them Professor Josephine W, Bennett of the Hunter College English Department; Miss Madge McLain, formerly of the Hunter College Classics Department; the late Dr. William W. Rockwell, Librarian Emeritus of Union Theological Seminary, whose vast scholarship and his willingness to share it will remain with all who knew him as long as they have memories; Professor Matthew Spinka of the Hartford Theological Sem- inary; and my mother, who did not allow illness to keep her from listening attentively and critically as I read to her chapter after chapter. All students who are interested 7O AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY in problems concerning the early churches along the Atlantic seaboard and the occupants of their pulpits are indebted to the labors of Dr. Frederick Lewis Weis and his invaluable compendiums on the clergymen and parishes of the various colonies.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter XII. the Proprietors of Pocasset. Edward Gray, Nathaniel
    Chapter XII THE PROPRIETORS OF POCASSET EDWARD GRAY, NATHANIEL THOMAS, BENJAMIN CHURCH , CAPT. CHRISTOPHER ALMY, JOB ALMY, THOMAS WAITE, JR ., DANIEL WILCOX, WILLIAM MANCHESTER Edward Gray The first named of the Pocasset proprietors owned three tenths of th e entire tract. He has many descendants of the same name now living i n our midst who are prominent in professional and social life . He came to Plymouth with a brother Thomas in 1643, at the age of fourteen years . Thomas died in 1654 . It is reputed that these two boys were smuggle d out of England by relatives who desired to retain possession of their in- heritance. In Plymouth Edward became a merchant doing business in a very central location on Main street between Leyden and Middle streets . In 1651 he married Mary, a daughter of John Winslow and Mary Chilto n Winslow. The writer is descended from Mary's sister Susanna who mar- ried Robert Lathan. John Chilton and Mary Chilton, and daughter Mar y who married John Winslow, were Mayflower passengers and John Winslow was a brother of Gov . Edward Winslow . Gray's children by this marriage did not settle in this section . In 1665 Edward Gray married Dorothy, a daughter of Thomas and An n Lettis . Thomas Lettis had deceased leaving to Ann the mother valuabl e lands, also on Main street in Plymouth, and the mother conveyed these to th e daughter, so that Edward Gray would have controlled most central estate s on both sides of Main street, was very prominent and was also considere d to be a wealthy citizen, he was deputy to the general court fro m Plymouth in 1679 and 1680 ; he died in June 1681, so that he probably never visite d the Pocasset lands ; his grave on Burial Hill bears the oldest legible date , yet in spite of his wealth he signed his name by mark, which does not, according to the times, necessarily indicate that he could not read .
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Total Maximum Daily Load of Total Phosphorus for White Island Pond
    Draft Total Maximum Daily Load of Total Phosphorus for White Island Pond COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS IAN A BOWLES , SECRETARY MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LAURIE BURT, COMMISSIONER BUREAU OF RESOURCE PROTECTION GLENN HAAS, ACTING ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER This Page left blank. Draft White Island Pond Total Phosphorus TMDL 2 Draft Total Maximum Daily Load of Total Phosphorus for White Island Pond DEP, DWM TMDL Report MA95166-2009-1 CN 330.0 April 14, 2009 Location of White Island Pond within Buzzards Bay Watershed in Massachusetts. NOTICE OF AVAILABILITY Limited copies of this report are available at no cost by written request to: Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Division of Watershed Management 627 Main Street Worcester, MA 01608 This report is also available from MassDEP’s home page on the World Wide Web at: http://www.mass.gov/dep/water/resources/tmdls.htm. DISCLAIMER References to trade names, commercial products, manufacturers, or distributors in this report constituted neither endorsement nor recommendations by the Division of Watershed Management for use. Front Cover Photograph of the White Island Pond, Plymouth showing bright bluegreen cyanobacterial bloom on the East Basin and northern shore and Cranberry Bogs located on north shore taken July 29, 2007. Ezekiel Pond is also shown as the dark clear lake to the lower right. ©2009 Tele Atlas Google Earth (http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=41.812082,-70.617218&z=15&t=h&hl=en). Draft White Island Pond Total Phosphorus TMDL 3 Executive Summary The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP) is responsible for monitoring the waters of the Commonwealth, identifying those waters that are impaired, and developing a plan to bring them back into compliance with the Massachusetts Surface Water Quality Standards.
    [Show full text]
  • Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts
    Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5137 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover. Photograph of Ashumet Pond, shot from helicopter by Denis R. LeBlanc, U.S. Geological Survey. Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts By Donald A. Walter and John P. Masterson Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5137 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2011 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Walter, D.A., and Masterson, J.P., 2011, Estimated hydrologic budgets of kettle-hole ponds in coastal aquifers of southeastern Massachusetts: U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • A Partial Guide to Old Colony Deeds
    A Partial Guide to Old Colony Deeds and to other Plymouth Colony Land Records 1621-1699 Compiled by, and Copyright © 2020 by Dale H. Cook This file is for personal non-commercial use only. If you are not reading this material directly from plymouthcolony.net, the site you are looking at is guilty of copyright infringement. Please contact [email protected] so that legal action can be undertaken. Any commercial site using or displaying any of my files or web pages without my express written permission will be charged a royalty rate of $1000.00 US per day for each file or web page used or displayed. [email protected] Revised January 9, 2021 A partial guide to the images of the manuscript volumes of original Colony records available online in the Historical Records Collection at FamilySearch.org, along with miscellaneous land records in Plymouth Colony Records, and other published transcriptions and abstracts of Plymouth Colony land records This file contains a partial guide to the contents of these manuscript volumes: Old Colony Deeds - Images at FamilySearch.org (as Plymouth County: Deeds 1620-1651 vol 1, Deeds 1651-1681 vol 2-4, Deeds 1686-1699 vol 5-6) (Images of the rebound original Plymouth Colony Land Records 1620-1699) and a few records in these manuscript volumes of probate records: Old Colony Wills - Images at FamilySearch.org (as Plymouth Colony Records: Wills) (Images of the rebound original Plymouth Colony Probate Records 1633-1686) as well as these sources of published transcriptions and abstracts: Nathaniel B. Shurtleff (Vols. 1-8) and David Pulsifer (Vols.
    [Show full text]
  • Seeds and Plants Imported
    Issued December 23,1915. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. WILLIAM A. TAYLOR, Chief of Bureau. INVENTORY OF SEEDS AND PLANTS IMPORTED OFFICE OF FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT. INTRODUCTION DURING THE PERIOD FROM JULY 1 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1913. (No. 36; Nos. 35667 TO 3625§^ WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1915. Issued December 23,1915. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. WILLIAM A. TAYLOR, Chief of Bureau. INVENTORY OF SEEDS AND PLANTS IMPORTED OFFICE OF FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION DURING THE PERIOD FROM JULY 1 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1913. (No. 36; Nos. 35667 TO 36258. ) WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1915. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. Chief of Bureau, WILLIAM A. TAYLOR. Assistant Chief of Bureau, KARL F. KELLERMAN. Officer in Charge of Publications, J. E. ROCKWELL. Chief Clerk, JAMES E. JONES. FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION. SCIENTIFIC STAFF. David Fairchild, Agricultural Explorer in Charge. P. H. Dorsett, Plant Introducer, in Charge of Plant Introduction Field Stations. Peter Bisset, Plant Introducer, in Charge of Foreign Plant Distribution. Frank N. Mayer and Wilson Popenoe, Agricultural Explorers. H. C. Skeels, S. C. Stuntz, andR. A. Young, Botanical Assistants. Allen M. Groves, Nathan Menderson, and Glen P. Van Eseltine, Assistants. Robert L. Beagles, Superintendent, Plant Introduction Field Station, Chico, Cal. Edward Simmonds, Superintendent, Plant Introduction Field Station, Miami, Fla. John M. Rankin, Superintendent, Yarrow Plant Introduction Field Station, Rockville, Md. E. R. Johnston, Assistant in Charge, Plant Introduction Field Station, Brooksville, Fla. Edward Goucher and H. Klopfer, Plant Propagators. Collaborators: Aaron Aaronsohn, Director, Jewish Agricultural Experimental Station, Haifa, Palestine; Thomas W.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendices 1 - 5
    2018-20ILApp1-5_DRAFT210326.docx Appendices 1 - 5 Massachusetts Integrated List of Waters for the Clean Water Act 2018/20 Reporting Cycle Draft for Public Comment Prepared by: Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Division of Watershed Management Watershed Planning Program 2018-20ILApp1-5_DRAFT210326.docx Table of Contents Appendix 1. List of “Actions” (TMDLs and Alternative Restoration Plans) approved by the EPA for Massachusetts waters................................................................................................................................... 3 Appendix 2. Assessment units and integrated list categories presented alphabetically by major watershed ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 Appendix 3. Impairments added to the 2018/2020 integrated list .......................................................... 113 Appendix 4. Impairments removed from the 2018/2020 integrated list ................................................. 139 Appendix 5. Impairments changed from the prior reporting cycle .......................................................... 152 2 2018-20ILApp1-5_DRAFT210326.docx Appendix 1. List of “Actions” (TMDLs and Alternative Restoration Plans) approved by the EPA for Massachusetts waters Appendix 1. List of “Actions” (TMDLs and Alternative Restoration Plans) approved by the EPA for Massachusetts waters Approval/Completion ATTAINS Action ID Report Title Date 5, 6 Total Maximum
    [Show full text]
  • History of Barnstable County, Massachusetts
    CHAPTER VI. MILITARY HISTORY. New England Confederation.-First Indian Troubles.-King Philip’s War--French and Indian Wars.-The Revolution-Shay’s Rebellion.-War of 1813. N 1642 the attitude of the Indians, on the main land, created sus- I picions of hostility. The severe laws of the colony had been rigidly enforced and the free instinct of the natives had been so bridled as to cause a feeling of unrest. Their unfriendliness was too apparent. The Plymouth colony resolved to raise thirty men for an expedition against them. Firearms had prudentially been withheld from them by order of the colony, and a force of this number was thought to be formidable. The court was hastily called together, September 7, Edward Dillingham and Richard Chadwell of Sand- wich, Anthony Anable and John Cooper of Barnstable, and William Palmer of Yarmouth being present. A company was formed with Miles Standish, captain; J\‘illiam Palmer, lieutenant: and Peregrine White, ensign. Edmund Freeman. Anthony Thachcr and Thomas Dimoc were appointed members of the council of war. A confederation of a portion of the infant colonies of Sew Eng- land was formed in 1643 for the promotion of union, offensive and defensive, in any difficulties with the Indians. This measure had been contemplated for several years by those colonies, and this con- federation, The United Colonies of Sew England, existed until 1686, when affairs were materially changed by the commission from King James II. This first spirit of confederation, which became later the basis of our national existence, having been perfected, orders were issued for every town within the jurisdiction of the court to provide ammunition and arms, and be ready for prompt action.
    [Show full text]