Prepared in cooperation with the Department of Environmental Protection

Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of -Hole in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5137

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover. Photograph of Ashumet , shot from helicopter by Denis R. LeBlanc, U.S. Geological Survey. Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

By Donald A. Walter and John P. Masterson

Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection

Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5137

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2011

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Suggested citation: Walter, D.A., and Masterson, J.P., 2011, Estimated hydrologic budgets of kettle-hole ponds in coastal aquifers of southeastern Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5137, 72 p., at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5137/. iii

Contents

Abstract...... 1 Introduction...... 1 Purpose and Scope...... 1 Hydrogeology of Southeastern Massachusetts...... 2 Methods of Analysis ...... 4 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets...... 8 Water Fluxes Into and Out of Ponds...... 8 Limitations of Analysis...... 10 Summary and Conclusions...... 12 References Cited...... 12 Appendix 1. Locations of Simulated Ponds on U.S. Geological Survey Topographic Quadrangles...... 33

Figures

1. Map showing locations of coastal aquifers in southeastern Massachusetts...... 2 2. Map showing water-table altitudes in the Plymouth-Carver and Cape Cod aquifer systems, southeastern Massachusetts...... 3 3. Diagram showing vertical groundwater-flow paths upgradient and downgradient from kettle-hole ponds typical of those found in coastal aquifers of southeastern Massachusetts...... 4 4. Map showing extents of four regional models of coastal aquifers in southeastern Massachusetts: the Plymouth-Carver, Sagamore, Monomoy, and Lower Cape aquifers on Cape Cod...... 5 5. Maps showing modifications to simulated ponds in the A, Sagamore and B, Monomoy regional models between the versions documented in Walter and Whealan (2004) and the versions used to estimate pond fluxes...... 6 6. Schematic diagram of hydrologic-budget components (inflows and outflows) to and from kettle-hole ponds in coastal aquifers of southeastern Massachusetts...... 8 7. Map showing the locations of ponds in coastal aquifers of southeastern Massachusetts for which hydrologic budgets were estimated by regional models of the Plymouth-Carver, Sagamore, Momomoy, and Lower Cape Cod aquifer systems...... 9

Tables

1. Identifiers, names, hydrologic budgets, and model errors for ponds in the Plymouth-Carver and Cape Cod aquifer systems...... 15 2. Number of ponds simulated in each of the four coastal aquifers and types of surface-water inflows and outflows and pumping from wells...... 10 3. Total flows and maximum and minimum percentages of each hydrologic-budget component for ponds with and without surface-water inflows or outflows...... 11 iv

Conversion Factors and Datum

Multiply By To obtain Length inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter (cm) foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m) mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km) Area acre 0.4047 hectare (ha) Flow rate cubic foot per day (ft3/d) 0.02832 cubic meter per day (m3/d) inch per year (in/yr) 25.4 millimeter per year (mm/yr) Hydraulic conductivity foot per day (ft/d) 0.3048 meter per day (m/d)

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NAVD 29). Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83). Altitude, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum.

List of Acronyms

MassDEP Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection USGS U.S. Geological Survey TMDL Total maximum daily loads Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

By Donald A. Walter and John P. Masterson

Abstract Introduction

Kettle-hole ponds in southeastern Massachusetts are in The coastal plain of southeastern Massachusetts, good hydraulic connection to an extensive coastal aquifer including Cape Cod, contains numerous freshwater ponds system that includes the Plymouth-Carver aquifer system on that are important ecological and recreational resources for the mainland and aquifers underlying Cape Cod. The ponds the region. The ponds, known as kettle-hole ponds, (1) are receive water from, and contribute water to, the underlying in hydraulic connection with the underlying coastal aquifers glacial aquifer; ponds also receive water from precipitation and (2) receive water from and contribute water to the and lose water to evaporation from the pond surface. Some aquifers. Many ponds also are connected to surface-water ponds are connected to surface-water drainage systems and drainages and can receive water from and contribute water to receive water from or contribute water to streams or adjacent streams and adjacent wetlands. The ponds receive water from wetlands. The Massachusetts Department of Environmental recharge, which is the net difference between precipitation Protection currently (2011) is developing Total Maximum and evaporation, and water is withdrawn from some ponds for Daily Loads of phosphorus for the freshwater ponds in municipal water supply. the region to maintain the health of pond ecosystems; the Nutrients, such as phosphorus, can be introduced into amounts and sources of water fluxes into and out of the a pond from onsite septic disposal and agricultural activities ponds are important factors in determining the amount of within the watershed of the pond. Excess concentrations of phosphorus that can be assimilated into a pond. To assist in phosphorus can contribute to the process of eutrophication, this effort, the U.S. Geological Survey used groundwater-flow which can adversely affect water quality, clarity, and the models of the coastal aquifer system to estimate hydrologic ecological health of the ponds. The Massachusetts Department budgets—including inflows and outflows from the aquifer of Environmental Protection (MassDEP) currently (2009) system and adjacent streams and wetlands, and recharge from is assessing the vulnerability of the region’s ponds to precipitation—for 425 ponds in southeastern Massachusetts. eutrophication by developing Total Maximum Daily Loads Water fluxes through the ponds are a function of several (TMDLs) of phosphorus for the ponds. The volume of water factors, including the size, shape, and bathymetry of the pond, entering and leaving a pond and the mechanisms by which orientation of the pond relative to the regional hydraulic water flows into and out of a pond (groundwater and (or) gradient, and hydrologic setting relative to the proximity of surface water) are important factors affecting the susceptibility groundwater divides and discharge boundaries. Total steady- of a pond to phosphorus-induced eutrophication. In 2008, state fluxes through the ponds range from more than 3,300,000 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed hydrologic to less than 2,000 cubic feet per day. For ponds without budgets for steady-state conditions for 425 ponds within the surface-water inlets or outlets, groundwater inflow accounts coastal aquifers of southeastern Massachusetts, including for 98 to 3 percent of total inflow; conversely, recharge Cape Cod (fig. 1), to assist MassDEP in establishing TMDLs onto the pond surface accounts for the remainder of inflow of phosphorus for ponds in the region. These budgets include (between 2 and 97 percent). All natural flows from these ponds estimates of pond inflows and outflows through recharge, are through recharge from the pond into the aquifer. In one surface water, groundwater, and production wells. pond, about 94 percent of the total outflow is removed for water supply. For ponds that are connected to surface-water drainages, most inflow and outflow are through streams. Purpose and Scope Ponds that receive water from streams receive most (58 to 89 percent) of their water from those streams. Ponds that are The purpose of this report is to document analyses drained by streams lose between 5 and 100 percent of their performed by the USGS in support of MassDEP efforts to water to those streams. develop TMDLs of phosphorus in ponds located in the coastal 2 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

73° 71° 43°

MASSACHUSETTS Coastal Aquifers

42°

0 20 40 60 80 MILES

0 20 40 60 80 KILOMETERS Cape Cod

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 19, 1:24,000, 1991

Figure 1. Locations of coastal aquifers in southeastern Massachusetts. aquifers of southeastern Massachusetts. The report includes laterally by moraine and kame deposits (Oldale and Barlow, discussions of the hydrologic settings of kettle-hole ponds 1986). Moraines were deposited at or near the ice edge by located in coastal aquifers and of the individual components melting ice, and kame deposits were deposited by meltwater of the hydrologic budgets of the ponds. Estimated hydrologic within holes in the ice sheets. Collapse structures are budgets for 425 ponds are presented in data tables, grouped important geologic features of southeastern Massachusetts and by aquifer (table 1, in back of report); index maps with Cape Cod. Remnants of glacial ice were buried by meltwater topographic bases are presented to show the locations of sediments following retreat of the ice sheets. As the buried individual ponds (appendix 1). ice blocks melted, the overlying glacial sediments collapsed forming topographic depressions within outwash plains; in Hydrogeology of Southeastern Massachusetts some cases water then filled the depressions, forming kettle- hole ponds. The coastal areas of southeastern Massachusetts are The glacial sediments underlying coastal areas of underlain by unconsolidated glacial sediments deposited southeastern Massachusetts compose important regional during the Pleistocene Epoch between 15,000 and aquifers. These aquifers are the sole sources of potable 16,000 years ago. The sediments, which range in thickness water to local communities, and groundwater flow supports from near 0 adjacent to bedrock outcrops in the northwest aquatic ecosystems in the streams, ponds, and coastal waters part of the Plymouth-Carver area to more than 900 ft beneath of the area. The regional aquifers include the Plymouth- eastern parts of Cape Cod, consist of gravel, sand, silt, and Carver aquifer on the Massachusetts mainland and aquifers clay deposited in a variety of depositional environments underlying Cape Cod (fig. 2). Southeastern Massachusetts beneath or near the edge of a continental ice sheet (Oldale receives about 45 in. of precipitation annually; about one-half and O’Hara, 1984; Uchupi and others, 1996). Much of the of the precipitation is lost to evapotranspiration, and the other sediment was deposited in fluvial and lacustrine environments half recharges the aquifer at the water table (LeBlanc and associated with deltas in proglacial meltwater lakes (Oldale, others, 1986). Groundwater flows away from water-table highs 1992). These deltaic sediments are characterized by coarse- (regional groundwater divides) toward discharge locations in grained sand and gravel deposited within meltwater streams streams and coastal waters. The Plymouth-Carver aquifer is a underlain by sand deposited in nearshore lacustrine sediments. single aquifer system; water-table altitudes in the aquifer range These sandy sediments are, in turn, underlain by fine-grained from about 130 ft above the National Geodetic Vertical Datum silt and clay deposited in offshore lacustrine environments 1929 (NGVD 29) near the regional water-table divide to near (Oldale and O’Hara, 1984). The deltaic sediments are bounded NGVD 29 at the coast (Masterson and others, 2009) (fig. 2). Introduction 3

70°30' 70°

Atlantic Ocean EXPLANATION 5 10 Line of equal simulated water level, in feet Pilgrim above NGVD 29. Contour 5 interval is variable Lens 42° Pamet Pl ym Lens 5 o u t Chequesset h Lens - C

a Cape Cod

r 120 v

e 10 80 r

100 A Nauset q Sagamore Lens 60 u i f Cape Cod Lens e Monomoy r Lens 40 20 Town r Cove Cape Cod Aquife 30

20 10 60 50 40 Bass 30 River 20 10

Nantucket0 Sound4 8 12 16 MILES

Buzzards Bay 0 4 8 12 16 KILOMETERS 41°30' Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 19, 1:24,000, 1991

Figure 2. Water-table altitudes in the Plymouth-Carver and Cape Cod aquifer systems, southeastern Massachusetts.

The aquifers underlying Cape Cod comprise six distinct both enters and leaves the ponds and, as a result, three- flow lenses: the Sagamore, Monomoy, Nauset, Chequesset, dimensional groundwater-flow patterns are locally affected Pamet, and Pilgrim flow lenses (LeBlanc and others, 1986) by ponds (Walter and Masterson, 2002). Because ponds (fig. 2). The flow lenses are separated by substantial saltwater are areas with little resistance to flow, contours of water- boundaries into separate flow systems. In this analysis, the table altitudes bend around ponds and flow lines converge aquifers underlying Cape Cod are included in three separate toward ponds in upgradient areas and diverge from ponds systems: the Sagamore aquifer (Sagamore flow lens), the in downgradient areas (fig. 2). Vertical gradients are upward Monomoy aquifer (the Monomoy lens), and the Lower Cape upgradient of ponds where ponds capture water from deeper aquifer (the Nauset, Chequesset, Pamet, and Pilgrim flow in the aquifer and downward downgradient of ponds where lenses). The highest water-table altitudes in the Sagamore, ponds recharge the aquifer (fig. 3). Factors that affect the flux, Monomoy, and Lower Cape aquifers are about 70, 35, and or amount of groundwater flowing through a pond, include 15 ft, respectively (Walter and Whealan, 2004; Masterson, (1) the surface area, shape, and depth of the pond, (2) the 2004) (fig. 2). location of the pond relative to regional groundwater divides Kettle-hole ponds generally are in good hydraulic and discharge locations in streams and coastal waters, and connection with the underlying coastal aquifers. Groundwater (3) the permeability of pond-bottom sediments (Walter and 4 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

Water Flow-through pond table

D P iv w ond ent e Co ing flo -botto m sedim rg nverg L ing ower flo nflow ext w ater i ent roundw of p Lower extent of g ond Groundwater underflow ou tflow Aquifer

Schematic only, not to scale Modified from Winter and others (1998)

Figure 3. Vertical groundwater-flow paths upgradient and downgradient from kettle-hole ponds typical of those found in coastal aquifers of southeastern Massachusetts.

Masterson, 2002; Winter and others, 1998). For a given size aquifer is documented in Masterson and others (2009). and shape, ponds away from regional groundwater divides These publications include detailed discussions of the and closer to discharge boundaries or underlain by more geology and hydrology of the respective aquifer systems permeable sediments generally would transmit larger fluxes and document model inputs, including boundary conditions, of groundwater. Many ponds exchange water only with the aquifer properties, and hydraulic stresses. The reports also aquifer; however, some ponds also exchange water with discuss model calibration, including hydraulic data used for adjacent streams and wetlands. Some ponds have only outlets calibration and the agreement between observed and simulated to surface waters, whereas other ponds have both inlets and hydrologic conditions. outlets. Precipitation exceeds evaporation in southeastern Ponds were represented as regions of the aquifer with Massachusetts, so ponds receive a net inflow from recharge. In hydraulic conductivity (50,000–100,000 ft/d) much higher addition to natural outflow, water is pumped from some ponds than the hydraulic conductivity of aquifer sediments (10 and for water supply. 350 ft/d). Representing ponds as zones of high hydraulic conductivity results in a modeled pond-aquifer system that behaves the same as the natural system; flow lines converge Methods of Analysis toward the pond in upgradient areas and diverge from the pond in downgradient areas. Generally ponds less than 3.7 acres in Hydrologic budgets were estimated for 425 ponds by area were excluded; given the model discretization of 400 ft, using existing numerical models of the four regional aquifers those ponds would consist of only a single model cell. The of southeastern Massachusetts and Cape Cod: the Plymouth- Stream Package (Prudic, 1989) was used to represent ponds Carver, Sagamore, Monomoy, and Lower Cape Cod aquifer with surface-water inlets or outlets as a head-dependent systems (fig. 4). Based on the U.S. Geological Survey boundary condition. Stream boundaries were coincident with finite-difference modeling code MODFLOW (Harbaugh and one or more model cells that represented ponds. The boundary others, 2000; McDonald and Harbaugh, 1988), the models altitude was set to the simulated level of the pond, and a very were designed during previous investigations between high (essentially infinite) boundary leakance was specified. 2004 and 2008 to simulate the groundwater-flow systems The result was a simulated condition in which the pond of the regional aquifers and are documented in detail in received water from or discharged water to the stream, and the USGS publications. The regional models of the Sagamore volume of water discharged was a function of the simulated and Monomoy flow lenses are documented in Walter and pond level. Recharge onto the pond surface was simulated Whealan (2004), the regional model of the Lower Cape by the RCH Package (McDonald and Harbaugh, 1988) as a Cod aquifer system (consisting of the Nauset, Chequesset, specified flux of water onto the pond surface at a recharge rate Pamet, and Pilgrim flow lenses) is documented in Masterson of about 16 in/yr representing the estimated net difference (2004), and the regional model of the Plymouth-Carver between regional precipitation and evaporation. Withdrawals Introduction 5

70°30' 70°

Atlantic Ocean

42° Lower Cape Model

Plymouth-Carver Model

Monomoy Model Sagamore Model

Nantucket Sound

Buzzards Bay 41°30' Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 0 4 8 12 16 MILES Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 19, 1:24,000, 1991 0 4 8 12 16 KILOMETERS

Figure 4. Extents of four regional models of coastal aquifers in southeastern Massachusetts: the Plymouth-Carver, Sagamore, Monomoy, and Lower Cape aquifers on Cape Cod.

of water for public supply were simulated as a specified models of the Sagamore and Monomoy aquifers (Walter and flux by the WEL Package (McDonald and Harbaugh, 1988). Whealan, 2004) were modified from their original versions The pumping rates and locations in this analysis generally as part of this analysis. Hydrologic boundary conditions, represent current (2003–08) conditions and are documented water-transmitting properties of aquifer sediments, and in detail in Masterson and others (2009), Masterson (2004), hydraulic stresses were identical to those documented in and Walter and Whealan (2004). Steady-state conditions Walter and Whealan (2004); however, areas of the models that were assumed in which recharge and pumping stresses were represent ponds—as zones with essentially infinite hydraulic averaged and constant over time; hydrologic budgets for the conductivity—were modified to better match actual conditions ponds, therefore, represented average inflows and outflows. (fig. 5). In the Sagamore model, 16 new ponds were added, The models representing the Plymouth-Carver and and 11 ponds were modified (fig. 5A); in the Monomoy Lower Cape Cod aquifers are the same as those documented model, 5 new ponds were added and 10 ponds were modified in Masterson and others (2009) and Masterson (2004). The (fig. 5B). 6 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts 70°10' Modified regional model Original regional model EXPLANATION Simulated pond 70°20' MILES 12 9 KILOMETERS 12 Extent of regional model 6 Monomoy regional models between the versions documented in Walter and Whealan Monomoy regional models between the versions documented in Walter 9 B, 70°30' 6 3 Sagamore and . A, 3 0 0 odifications to simulated ponds in the 70°40' M

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, Mercator projection, Universal Transverse Zone 19, 1:24,000, 1991 A 41°45' 41°35' Figure 5. (2004) and the versions used to estimate pond fluxes Introduction 7 70° MILES 8 Extent of regional model Modified regional model Original regional model EXPLANATION Monomoy regional models between the versions documented in Walter and Whealan Monomoy regional models between the versions documented in Walter 6 B, Simulated pond KILOMETERS 8 Sagamore and 4 A, 6 70°10' 4 2 2 0 0 Modifications to simulated ponds in the

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, Mercator projection, Universal Transverse Zone 19, 1:24,000, 1991 B 41°45' 41°40' Figure 5. (2004) and the versions used to estimate pond fluxes.—Continued 8 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

Hydrologic budgets for ponds were estimated by using Recharge is defined as the difference between the USGS program ZONEBUDGET (Harbaugh, 1990). This precipitation and evaporation. Because precipitation exceeds program uses cell-by-cell flows calculated by MODFLOW evaporation in this region, recharge is a net flow into the pond. to estimate hydrologic budgets for user-defined subregions of Equation 1 is based on steady-state-flow conditions, in the model domain. For this analysis, the program was used which recharge and pumping stresses are constant through to estimate hydrologic budgets for each zone that represented time. Total inflows are equal to total outflows, and there is a pond within the models. The program calculates water no change in storage within the pond. If stresses change exchange between the pond and the surrounding model cells through time, inflows and outflows would not be equal, and (groundwater inflow and outflow) as well as between the pond the difference would be the result of a change in storage in the and head-dependent boundaries (stream inflow and outflow); pond. In this analysis, the steady-state pumping and recharge the program also accounts for water that enters the pond as stresses represented average annual rates as discussed in recharge and water that is withdrawn from wells. Masterson and others (2009), Masterson (2004), and Walter and Whealan (2004).

Estimated Hydrologic Budgets Water Fluxes Into and Out of Ponds

The hydrologic budget of a pond is defined as the sum Water fluxes through the ponds are a function of several of individual flow components entering and leaving the pond. factors. The physical characteristics that determine total water Inflows to the simulated ponds are (1) inflow from the aquifer fluxes through the pond include the surface area, volume, and (groundwater inflow), (2) inflow from a stream (stream bathymetry of the pond, as well as the shape and orientation inflow), and (3) precipitation onto the pond surface (fig. 6). of the pond relative to the regional hydraulic gradient. Another Outflows from the simulated ponds are (1) outflow into the important factor is the hydrologic setting of the pond relative aquifer (groundwater outflow), (2) outflow into a stream to groundwater divides and discharge boundaries. In areas (stream outflow), (3) evaporation from the pond surface, near a regional groundwater divide, where hydraulic gradients and (4) withdrawals from pumped wells within the pond are small, a pond with a given set of physical characteristics (fig. 6). The sum of all inflows equals the sum of all outflows generally would have a smaller water flux than a similar (equation 1): pond in an area close to discharge boundaries (streams and IN coastal waters) with steep hydraulic gradients. Another Q groundwater + Q stream + Q precipitation = factor affecting water fluxes through a pond is the hydraulic OUT conductivity of pond-bottom sediments. Walter and Masterson Q groundwater + Q stream + Q evaporation + Q wells (1) (2002) found that fluxes through a pond can differ threefold

Precipitation Evaporation Well Stream Stream Inflow from stream Outflow to stream

Pond Inflow from Outflow to aquifer aquifer Aquifer

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of hydrologic-budget components (inflows and outflows) to and from kettle-hole ponds in coastal aquifers of southeastern Massachusetts. Estimated Hydrologic Budgets 9 over a range of pond-bottom hydraulic conductivities from silt 8 have inflows only, and 30 have both surface-water inflows and clay to sand and gravel. In the regional models used for and outflows (table 2). The remaining 132 ponds have no this analysis, pond-bottom sediments in nearshore areas, where surface-water inflows or outflows and receive water only from most pond-aquifer water exchange occurs, were assumed to be recharge and groundwater inflow. The Sagamore, Monomoy, sandy with relatively high hydraulic conductivities, resulting and Lower Cape aquifers have a total of 13, 6, and 2 ponds, in a good hydraulic connection with the aquifer. respectively, with surface-water outflows; only 2 of these Hydrologic budgets were estimated for 425 ponds in the ponds, both in the Monomoy aquifer, also have surface-water four modeled aquifers (table 1, in back of report): 218 in the inflows (table 2). Water is withdrawn for water supply from Plymouth-Carver aquifer, 101 in the Sagamore aquifer, 72 1 pond each in the Sagamore and Plymouth-Carver aquifers. in the Monomoy aquifer, and 34 in the Lower Cape aquifer The Sagamore, Monomoy, and Lower Cape aquifers have a (fig. 7; table 2). The names, locations, and sizes of the ponds total of 87, 66, and 32 ponds, respectively, that receive water are presented in appendix 1. Of the 218 simulated ponds in the only from recharge and groundwater inflow with no surface- Plymouth-Carver aquifer, 86 have surface-water inflows or water inflows or outflows (table 2). The sizes of the simulated outflows. Of these ponds, 47 have surface-water outflows only, ponds range from 3.7 to 841.1 acres. The areas of the largest

70°30' 70°

0 4 8 12 16 MILES Atlantic Ocean 0 4 8 12 16 KILOMETERS

42° Plymouth-Carver Lower Cape Aquifer Aquifer

Cape Cod Bay

Monomoy Aquifer Sagamore Aquifer

EXPLANATION Locations of simulated ponds, by regional model Plymouth-Carver Monomoy Buzzards Bay Sagamore Lower Cape 41°30' Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 19, 1:24,000, 1991

Figure 7. The locations of ponds in coastal aquifers of southeastern Massachusetts for which hydrologic budgets were estimated by regional models of the Plymouth-Carver, Sagamore, Momomoy, and Lower Cape Cod aquifer systems. 10 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

Table 2. Number of ponds simulated in each of the four coastal aquifers and types of surface-water inflows and outflows and pumping from wells.

[Groundwater inflow and outflow occurs in all ponds; Max is maximum surface area, Min is minimum surface area]

No Modeled surface area Stream Stream Modeled surface- Stream Stream Total of pond, in acres inflow outflow Pumping aquifer water outflow inflow number of and and only system flows or only only ponds outflow pumping Max Min pumping Plymouth-Carver Aquifer 132 47 8 30 1 0 218 786.0 7.4 Sagamore Aquifer 87 13 0 0 0 1 101 639.1 3.7 Monomoy Aquifer 66 4 0 2 0 0 72 841.1 7.4 Lower Cape Aquifer 32 2 0 0 0 0 34 117.5 3.7

ponds in the Plymouth-Carver, Sagamore, Monomoy, and For ponds that do not have surface-water inflows or Lower Cape aquifers are 786.0, 639.1, 841.1, and 117.5 acres, outflows, recharge and groundwater are the sole sources of respectively (table 2). inflow, and recharge of pond water into the aquifer is the sole The total pond fluxes ranged from 3,315,660 cubic feet component of outflow from the pond (fig. 6; table 3). The per day (ft3/d)—through in the Plymouth- percentage of groundwater inflow, expressed as the percentage Carver aquifer (identifier 220 in table 1, in back of report)— of total inflow, in these ponds ranged from 98.2 to 3.1 percent; to 1,196 ft3/d at Simmons Pond in the Monomoy aquifer the percentage of total inflow from recharge similarly ranged (identifier 33 in table 1, in back of report). The largest pond from 96.9 to 1.8 percent. Higher percentages of total inflow fluxes in the Sagamore, Monomoy, and Lower Cape aquifers from groundwater inflow correspond to lower percentages were about 870,030; 517,805; and 68,488 ft3/d, respectively from recharge. The percentage of outflow into groundwater (table 3). In the Plymouth-Carver, Sagamore, and Monomoy was 100 percent from ponds that do not have surface-water aquifers, the ponds with the largest fluxes have surface-water inflows or outflows, with the exception of one pond in the inflows and outflows. Ponds with surface-water inflows or Sagamore aquifer, where 93.7 percent of outflow is withdrawn outflows generally had higher total water fluxes than ponds from a well for water supply (table 3). that exchange water only with the underlying aquifer. The largest water fluxes through ponds in the Plymouth-Carver, Limitations of Analysis Sagamore, Monomoy, and Lower Cape aquifers that have surface-water inflows or outflows were 3,315,660; 870,030; The hydrologic budgets listed in table 1 (in back of 3 517,805; and 57,854 ft /d, respectively (table 3). The largest report) were calculated from numerical models calibrated pond fluxes in the aquifers that do not have surface-water to measured groundwater levels and streamflows; no direct inflows or outflows were 619,120; 434,660; 213,130; and measurements of pond fluxes were available for comparison to 3 68,488 ft /d, respectively (table 3). modeled fluxes. Sources of uncertainty inherent in numerical For ponds that have surface-water inflows or outflows, models include (1) inaccuracies in model design, including direct recharge, groundwater inflow, and inflow from streams representation of the hydrogeologic framework, (2) calibration were the sources of inflow; water left the ponds as outflow into errors resulting from differences between observed and streams, recharge of pond water into the aquifer, and, in one simulated hydrologic conditions, and (3) solution errors. The case, well withdrawals. For ponds that received water from first two sources of uncertainty are a function of the design streams, surface water was the largest component of inflow; of the numerical models and the accuracy of the calibration surface-water inflow into these ponds ranged from 88.9 to data; both of these components of uncertainty are discussed in 58.4 percent of total inflow (table 3). The percentage of total Walter and Whealan (2004), Masterson (2004), and Masterson inflow from groundwater in these ponds ranged from 98.3 to (2009). Solution errors represent the accuracy of the balance 9.6 percent. Recharge, generally a small component of water between inflows and outflows and can be estimated for any fluxes through ponds, ranged from 34.1 to 0.8 percent. The region of a model domain representing a pond. The solution percentage of total outflow through streams ranged from 100 error of an estimated hydrologic budget is the percent to 4.5 percent (table 3). Conversely, groundwater outflow difference between total estimated inflows and outflows from ponds into the aquifer ranged from 95.5 to 0 percent relative to the total water flux through the pond. Errors in as a percentage of total outflow. About 34.7 percent of total estimated hydrologic budgets were less than or equal to outflow was withdrawn for water supply from one pond. 0.1 percent in the Sagamore aquifer and less than 0.8 percent Estimated Hydrologic Budgets 11 0.00 0.73 5.20 0.01 1.38 0.33 8.63 0.10 Max Model percent error, in error,

8.0 1.5 0.8 1.3 7.5 4.0 1.9 1.8 Min . total flow) (percent of 9.6 31.7 34.1 14.4 96.9 77.8 64.6 65.4 Max Recharge inflow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Min total flow) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pumping from 34.7 93.7 Max wells (percent of 4.5 Min 48.7 14.4 12.8 of total flow) Surface-water 79.4 99.7 Max outflow (percent 100 100 0 0 0 58.4 Min total flow) 0 0 88.9 85.9 Surface-water Max inflow (percent of 0.3 0 3.2 6.3 Min 20.6 100 100 100 of total flow) Groundwater Max 51.3 85.6 95.5 87.2 outflow (percent 100 100 100 100 Ponds with surface water inflows or outflows Ponds without surface water inflows or outflows

9.6 3.1 Min 90.4 12.9 85.6 22.2 35.4 34.6 of total flow) Groundwater 92.0 91.6 98.3 93.5 92.5 96.0 98.1 98.2 Max inflow (percent

1196 5869 1837 2268 5105 Min 16067 42932 110116 total flow) Total flow, flow, Total 57854 68488 Max 517805 870030 213130 619120 434660 (cubic feet per day per feet (cubic 3315660 Total flows and maximum minimum percentages of each hydrologic-budget component for ponds with without surface-water inflows or outflows Total

Modeled aquifer system Lower Aquifer Cape Monomoy Aquifer Aquifer Plymouth-Carver Aquifer Sagamore Lower Aquifer Cape Monomoy Aquifer Aquifer Plymouth-Carver Aquifer Sagamore Table 3. Table [Max is maximum, Min minimum] 12 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts in the Monomoy aquifer (table 1, in back of report). Errors than ponds that exchanged water only with the aquifer. The in estimated hydrologic budgets exceeded 1.0 percent in latter group of ponds received water only from recharge and three ponds in the Lower Cape aquifer and seven ponds in groundwater as inflow. The percentage of total inflow that the Plymouth-Carver aquifer; the largest errors in hydrologic entered the pond as groundwater for this group of ponds budgets for ponds in these two aquifers were about 1.3 and ranged from about 3 to 98 percent. All of the water exited 8.6 percent, respectively (table 1, in back of report). It should these ponds as recharge back into the aquifer (groundwater be noted that the larger errors generally were calculated for outflow) with the exception of one pond, from which water ponds with hydrologic budgets that had relatively small fluxes; was being removed for water supply. Ponds that exchange differences between total inflow and outflow result in larger water with both the aquifer and streams had more complex budget errors when expressed as percentage of a smaller total hydrologic budgets. In ponds that had surface-water inflows, water flux. 58 to 89 percent of the total inflow was from streams. In ponds that had surface-water outflows, the percentage of the total outflow that exited the pond through streams was as low as 5 percent; in some ponds, discharge into streams accounted Summary and Conclusions for all outflow from the pond. Recharge onto the surfaces of ponds that exchanged water with streams ranged from less The Massachusetts Department of Environmental than 1 to about 34 percent of the total water flux through the Protection currently (2011) is developing Total Maximum pond. For the two ponds that were also used for water supply, Daily Loads of phosphorus for kettle-hole ponds in the proportion of outflow withdrawn for supply ranged from southeastern Massachusetts to assist in protecting aquatic about 35 to 94 percent. ecosystems. The ponds are in good hydraulic connection to an extensive regional aquifer system that extends from the Plymouth-Carver aquifer on the mainland to aquifers underlying Cape Cod. The ponds receive water from and References Cited contribute water to the underlying aquifer. Ponds also receive water from precipitation; the net recharge onto the Harbaugh, A.W., 1990, A computer program for calculating pond surface is the difference between precipitation and subregional water budgets using results from the U.S. evaporation. Some ponds are connected to surface-water Geological Survey modular three-dimensional finite- drainages and may receive water from or contribute water difference ground-water model: U.S. Geological Survey to surface waters. In addition, water is withdrawn from two Open-File Report 90–392, 24 p. ponds for public supply. An understanding of the amounts and sources of water Harbaugh, A.W., Banta, E.R., Hill, M.C., and McDonald, fluxes through the ponds—that is, the hydrologic budgets M.G., 2000, MODFLOW–2000, The U.S Geological of the ponds—is integral in determining the amount of Survey modular ground-water model—User guide to phosphorus a pond can assimilate without adversely affecting modularization concepts and the ground-water flow process: water quality and the ecological health of the pond. The U.S. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00–92, 121 p. Geological Survey estimated steady-state hydrologic budgets LeBlanc, D.R., Guswa, J.H., Frimpter, M.H., and Londquist, for 425 ponds in an area of southeastern Massachusetts that C.J., 1986, Ground-water resources of Cape Cod, encompasses the Plymouth-Carver and Cape Cod aquifer Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas systems. Regional models of these coastal aquifers developed 692, 4 pls. between 2004 and 2008 were used to estimate the hydrologic budgets of the ponds, including the exchange of water with Masterson, J.P., 2004, Simulated interaction between the underlying aquifer, recharge onto the pond surface, freshwater and saltwater and effects of ground-water flow of water to and from streams, and water withdrawn for pumping and sea-level change, Lower Cape Cod aquifer water supply. Water fluxes through the ponds are a function system, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific of several factors, including the surface area, volume, and Investigations Report 2004–5014, 78 p. bathymetry of the pond as well as the shape and orientation Masterson, J.P., Carlson, C.S., Massey, A.J., and Walter, D.A., of the pond relative to the regional hydraulic gradient. Other 2009, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow important factors include the hydrologic setting of the pond in the Plymouth Carver-Kingston-Duxbury aquifer system, relative to groundwater divides and discharge boundaries and Southeastern Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey the hydraulic conductivity of pond-bottom sediments. Scientific Investigations Report 2009–5067, 73 p. The ponds represented in the regional models ranged in surface area from 3.7 to 841.1 acres. Total water McDonald, M.G., and Harbaugh, A.W., 1988, A modular fluxes through the region’s ponds varied from 1,196 to three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water-flow 3,315,660 cubic feet per day. Ponds that exchange water model: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water- with both the aquifer and streams generally had higher fluxes Resources Investigations, book 6, chap A1, 586 p. References Cited 13

Oldale, R.N., 1992, Cape Cod and the islands—The geologic story: Parnassus Imprints, East Orleans, Mass., 205 p. Oldale, R.N., and Barlow, R.A., 1986, Geologic map of Cape Cod and the Islands, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I–1763, scale 1:100,000. Oldale, R.N., and O’Hara, C.J., 1984, Glaciotectonic origin of the Massachusetts coastal end moraines and a fluctuating late Wisconsinan ice margin: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 95, p. 61–74. Prudic, D.E., 1989, Documentation of a computer program to simulate stream-aquifer relations using a modular, finite- difference, ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88–729, 113 p. Uchupi, Elazar, Giese, G.S., and Aubrey, D.G., 1996, The late Quaternary construction of Cape Cod, Massachusetts—A reconsideration of the W.M. Davis model: Geological Society of America Special Paper 309, 69 p. Walter, D.A., and Masterson, J.P., 2002, Simulated pond- aquifer interactions under natural and stressed conditions, Snake Pond, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002–5181, 85 p. Walter, D.A., and Whealan, A.T., 2004, Simulated water sources and effects of pumping on surface and ground water, Sagamore and Monomoy flow lenses, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004–5181, 85 p. Winter, T.C., Harvey, J.W., Franke, O.L., and Alley, W.M., 1998, Ground water and surface water—A single resource: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1139, 769 p. THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Table 1 16 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

0.00 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 error -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.06 Model (percent) 5869 6263 9163 Total Total 11994 33630 53978 37703 12459 85904 36935 91429 63903 10243 10049 62543 15018 52424 12816 49146 68293 37310 43287 15614 83444 outflow per day) 155992 754335 104230 (cubic feet

25 526 9800 5181 2505 5506 9163 1972 41117 water 11319 11720 33812 12459 75678 63903 10243 10049 15018 52424 49146 45820 37310 18070 15614 57794 outflow Outflow per day) Ground- 148920 104230 (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 757 3891 7072 5343 1096 23830 42659 80723 34430 15751 21426 22473 10022 25217 25650 water outflow per day) 492610 Surface- (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 261700 per day) Pumping from wells (cubic feet 5870 6263 9163 Total Total inflow 37311 11994 33630 53954 37702 12453 85907 36935 91366 63901 10243 10048 62544 15018 52427 12815 49146 68293 43287 15614 83441 per day) 155479 754780 104232 (cubic feet

4404 4797 7914 8582 9884 7697 water inflow 77113 18862 49557 29641 10987 86750 34004 59377 56321 47808 10621 41435 34469 35573 19930 10528 40356 13416 81243 85163 per day) Ground- 446160 (cubic feet Inflow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Plymouth-Carver Aquifer 4351 water 13211 12570 60668 22463 29056 15915 17420 inflow per day) Surface- 180930 (cubic feet 2198 4397 8061 1466 8061 8794 2931 9526 1466 7580 1466 2329 1466 4397 2931 1466 3664 1466 1466 1466 2931 2198 2198 1649 10385 10992 per day) 127690 Recharge (cubic feet Pond name Keene Pond Unnamed pond north of Green Harbor Brook Wharf River Unnamed pond north of Bourne Reservoir Wright Unnamed pond west of Reservoir Wright South River Reservoir Duxbury West Unnamed pond, North Hill Marsh Duxbury West Unnamed pond, Lorings Bogs Upper Chandler Pond Forest Town Unnamed pond near Round Pond Lower Chandler Pond Pine Lake Silver Lake Near Halls Brook Mill Pond Reeds Millpond Bracketts Pond Street Winthrop Unnamed pond near Blackwater Pond Unnamed pond near Brook Crossman Pond Foundry Pond Soules Pond Identifiers, names, hydrologic budgets, and model errors for ponds in the Plymouth-Carver Cape Cod aquifer systems.—Conti nued

3 4 5 6 7 9 10 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 28 29 32 33 35 36 37 Identifier Identifier Table 1. Table [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system; MMR is abbreviation for Massachusetts Military Reservation] Table 1 17

0.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.71 0.92 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 error -0.01 -0.10 Model (percent) Total Total 40438 41232 55318 16191 14563 56737 31752 80605 90358 88496 98568 23007 86660 38772 90219 33549 14064 23699 18912 28874 41346 26785 90640 23227 outflow per day) 167480 998236 (cubic feet 1199680

7876 2815 water 29963 29422 55318 16191 14563 27494 31752 55183 90358 88496 98568 23007 86660 38772 48825 33549 14064 23699 18292 41346 26785 90640 23227 outflow Outflow per day) Ground- 167480 148080 (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11810 10475 29243 25422 41394 16097 10582 water outflow per day) 990360 Surface- 1051600 (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 per day) Pumping from wells (cubic feet Total Total inflow 40244 41232 55319 16191 14564 53784 31751 80605 90357 88496 98568 23006 86659 38770 90195 33550 14064 23723 18778 28609 41340 26781 90641 23227 per day) 167485 998303 (cubic feet 1199651

9667 water inflow 81168 33032 39766 18971 14542 13098 35464 30285 78407 79365 93274 21540 77865 35839 87997 32084 14929 17148 15664 39874 25315 86244 21761 per day) Ground- 311310 155760 942610 (cubic feet Inflow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4281 water 34882 10582 inflow per day) Surface- 878650 (cubic feet Plymouth-Carver Aquifer—Continued 2931 1466 1466 1649 1466 1466 2198 7328 5294 1466 8794 2931 2198 1466 4397 8794 1630 2363 1466 9691 1466 4397 1466 11725 18320 10992 55693 per day) Recharge (cubic feet Pond name Russell Pond Unnamed pond near Jones River Brook Dennetts Pond Smelt Pond Goose Pond Pratt Pond Indian Pond Little Smelt Pond Unnamed pond near Upland Road Muddy Pond Unnamed pond near Brook Street Pond Triangle Little Muddy Pond Little Pond Ricketts Pond Unnamed pond near High Street Unnamed pond southwest of Ricketts Pond Darby Pond Little Cedar Pond Clear Pond Unnamed pond near Cedar Swamp Bartlett Pond Unnamed pond near Doten Brook Briggs Reservoir Unnamed pond near Cole Mill Identifiers, names, hydrologic budgets, and model errors for ponds in the Plymouth-Carver Cape Cod aquifer systems.—Conti nued

39 40 42 43 44 45 46 48 49 50 51 52 54 55 56 57 58 59 61 62 63 64 66 67 68 69 71 Identifier Identifier Table 1. Table [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system; MMR is abbreviation for Massachusetts Military Reservation] 18 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

0.00 0.01 0.00 0.09 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.56 2.11 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.14 4.17 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.04 error -0.06 -0.08 -0.25 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.05 -0.06 Model (percent) Total Total 37269 61103 11334 32901 93162 12959 63570 44488 26974 76663 74936 86723 12138 81573 18125 65652 29380 10521 23233 30930 outflow per day) 119940 125271 199804 125882 434700 443410 324045 (cubic feet

0 5 1794 37269 water 11334 13148 31022 93162 12959 63570 40158 44488 26974 39847 74936 86723 12138 12413 18125 65652 29380 10521 23233 30930 outflow Outflow per day) Ground- 119940 213540 443410 (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 61103 19753 94249 85724 36816 69160 water outflow 221160 per day) 198010 324040 Surface- (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 per day) Pumping from wells (cubic feet Total Total inflow 61142 11330 32901 93162 12970 63730 44479 26822 75046 74937 86688 12134 81614 18100 62915 29398 10519 23233 37264 30917 per day) 119934 125261 199629 125888 434734 443453 324089 (cubic feet

9865 5389 water 35798 inflow 11504 58944 31435 87300 97217 59333 40082 23891 65520 73471 81558 10668 74286 14272 50457 27200 18836 29451 per day) Ground- 122330 184240 123690 420270 356250 307980 (cubic feet Inflow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1274 water inflow per day) Surface- (cubic feet Plymouth-Carver Aquifer—Continued 2198 1466 2931 5862 1466 4397 1466 2198 4397 2931 9526 1466 5130 1466 7328 3828 2198 5130 4397 1466 1466 15389 22717 13190 87203 16109 12458 per day) Recharge (cubic feet Pond name Unnamed pond near Plymouth Road Howland Pond Unnamed pond on Eel River Cooks Pond Unnamed pond near Plymouth Road Ponds West Little, Big, and Grassy Micajah Pond Unnamed pond near Plymouth Road Pond Forge Cooper Pond Great South Pond Little Micajah Pond Pond Wenham Pond Unnamed pond southwest of Forge Pond Triangle South Spring Pond Muddy Pond Kings Pond Ellis Pond Fresh Pond Unnamed pond near Sandwich Road Johns Pond Unnamed pond near Stone Street Unnamed pond near Centre Street Road Valley Unnamed pond near Identifiers, names, hydrologic budgets, and model errors for ponds in the Plymouth-Carver Cape Cod aquifer systems.—Conti nued

72 74 76 77 78 79 80 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 103 101 Identifier Identifier Table 1. Table [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system; MMR is abbreviation for Massachusetts Military Reservation] Table 1 19

0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 2.77 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.08 0.05 error -0.73 -0.81 -0.32 Model (percent) 2401 8613 Total Total 17411 11889 37860 22874 32297 14962 44560 25914 16003 40123 33472 19560 28339 36595 29580 27406 14496 28802 18722 31700 32161 outflow per day) 167501 184002 200562 356077 (cubic feet

2401 9155 8613 water 17411 11889 11223 37860 29431 22874 32297 14962 44560 25914 16003 24739 19560 28339 36595 29580 14496 28802 18722 31700 83127 30213 outflow Outflow per day) Ground- 109790 122070 (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1948 74212 15384 24317 78492 16183 water outflow per day) 138070 272950 Surface- (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 per day) Pumping from wells (cubic feet 2401 8613 Total Total inflow 11889 40119 37859 22874 32297 14960 17412 44561 26104 16001 33468 19560 28569 36596 29579 27403 14495 28802 18720 31700 32146 per day) 167475 178912 201202 355796 (cubic feet

9830 9690 1668 7148 water inflow 36393 19943 29366 15946 70161 34302 22554 14535 35722 32002 13698 10809 27802 25182 18120 12297 25138 16314 30607 21560 per day) Ground- 160880 162150 322820 (cubic feet Inflow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 941 2084 7817 8388 water 14096 20732 inflow per day) Surface- 100690 (cubic feet Plymouth-Carver Aquifer—Continued 733 1466 6595 2931 2931 5130 1466 8061 1466 1466 2198 4397 1466 5862 3664 8794 4397 1466 2198 1466 3664 1466 1093 2198 10259 18320 32976 per day) Recharge (cubic feet Pond name Unnamed pond near Pond Street Beaver Dam Pond Island Pond Powderhorn Pond Unnamed pond near Forest Street Unnamed pond near airport Long Island Pond Hoyts Pond Unnamed pond near Centre Street Clear Bottom Pond Pond Widgeon Little Negro Pond Unnamed pond near Rocky Neck Road pond Widgeon Shallow Pond Pond Vaughn Island Pond Unnamed pond near Federal Furnace Road Unnamed pond near Meadow Street Crooked Pond St Tremont Unnamed pond near Unnamed pond near Purchase Street Unnamed pond in Cedar Swamp Identifiers, names, hydrologic budgets, and model errors for ponds in the Plymouth-Carver Cape Cod aquifer systems.—Conti nued

111 110 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 104 105 106 107 108 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 Identifier Identifier Table 1. Table [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system; MMR is abbreviation for Massachusetts Military Reservation] 20 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.00 0.00 8.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.55 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.32 0.00 0.02 error -0.03 -0.02 -0.02 -0.26 -0.01 Model (percent) Total Total 17969 88329 21296 39023 38830 70650 56804 85373 25438 46438 79329 22918 16935 61296 24803 92383 21492 68254 outflow per day) 114220 619120 101915 105900 342326 367950 130850 132293 (cubic feet 1283054

6864 5354 water 17969 88329 20557 38830 18331 56804 85373 68851 15130 46438 79329 22918 26386 16935 27327 24803 92383 21492 68254 46689 outflow Outflow per day) Ground- 114220 619120 105900 367950 130850 (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14432 18466 52319 33064 10308 33969 85604 water outflow per day) 315940 Surface- 1277700 (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 per day) Pumping from wells (cubic feet Total Total inflow 17974 88325 21293 39023 38828 70446 56804 85372 25437 46437 96759 79328 22918 16938 61453 24800 92392 21422 68253 per day) 114239 619048 101601 340429 367950 130852 132265 (cubic feet 1283034

water inflow 59011 21136 15043 78799 17825 36825 36630 66049 50942 74380 21275 42773 39601 72733 21452 15472 54125 86530 19224 64589 per day) Ground- 561890 103980 259050 344500 124990 125670 (cubic feet 1237600 Inflow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1270 1964 water 33064 18358 inflow per day) Surface- (cubic feet Plymouth-Carver Aquifer—Continued 2931 9526 2198 2198 2198 4397 5862 9526 2198 3664 6595 1466 1466 7328 3664 5862 5862 2198 3664 6595 57158 10992 10259 57158 45434 63021 23450 per day) Recharge (cubic feet Pond name Clam Pudding Pond Briggs Reservoir Unnamed pond in Cedar Swamp Unnamed pond near Maxim Corner Little Long and Ponds Unnamed pond near South Meadow Brook Morey Hole Dunham Pond Unnamed pond near Rocky Meadow Brook Pond Torrey Atwood Bogs Unnamed pond near Three Cornered Pond Dugway Pond Sampson Pond Unnamed pond near Crane Brook Bloody Pond Street Tremont Unnamed pond near Unnamed pond near Double Brook Round Pond Atwood Bogs Unnamed pond near Bumps Pond Savery Pond Identifiers, names, hydrologic budgets, and model errors for ponds in the Plymouth-Carver Cape Cod aquifer systems.—Conti nued

132 133 134 135 137 138 139 140 142 144 145 147 148 149 150 151 153 154 155 156 157 158 160 161 163 164 166 Identifier Identifier Table 1. Table [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system; MMR is abbreviation for Massachusetts Military Reservation] Table 1 21

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 error -0.11 -0.04 -0.02 -0.02 Model (percent) 8255 Total Total 41430 48531 25085 25123 16076 13916 50856 54657 43200 44523 65290 31541 56153 52347 44126 90070 21952 99575 outflow per day) 116919 114140 118370 524960 739391 127420 268898 472990 (cubic feet

1788 water 22668 48531 25085 25123 48254 60551 16076 13916 50856 54657 43200 44523 65290 31541 56153 52347 44126 65531 21952 99575 outflow Outflow per day) Ground- 114140 118370 368090 127420 227360 342540 (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6467 18762 68665 41538 24539 water outflow per day) 156870 678840 130450 Surface- (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 per day) Pumping from wells (cubic feet 8258 Total Total inflow 44511 41430 48530 25085 25122 16075 13915 50854 54659 43200 65302 31537 56153 52347 44125 90067 21952 99573 per day) 116920 114140 118388 525518 739128 127415 268842 472250 (cubic feet

7166 water inflow 37766 45599 19223 23389 96476 14609 12449 48656 53193 41002 40847 61638 30071 52489 50881 42659 71014 18661 95176 per day) Ground- 111060 499870 718610 109010 120820 257850 404100 (cubic feet Inflow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 water 17513 inflow per day) Surface- (cubic feet Plymouth-Carver Aquifer—Continued 3664 2931 5862 1733 2931 5130 1466 1466 2198 6595 1466 1093 2198 7328 3664 3664 1466 3664 1466 1466 3291 4397 25648 20518 10992 68150 19053 per day) Recharge (cubic feet Pond name East Head Pond Street Tremont Unnamed pond near Barrett Pond Bates Pond Cedar Pond Unnamed Reservoir Unnamed pond near Huckleberry Corner Clear Pond Black Jummy Pond Fawn Pond New Grassy Pond Unnamed pond near Crane Brook Pond Wall Lang Duck Pond Big Rocky Pond Pond Triangle Deer Pond Golden Field Pond Abner Pond Raccoon Pond Unnamed pond near Crane Brook Unnamed pond near Beach Street Pond Charge Identifiers, names, hydrologic budgets, and model errors for ponds in the Plymouth-Carver Cape Cod aquifer systems.—Conti nued

167 168 169 171 172 173 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 196 198 Identifier Identifier Table 1. Table [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system; MMR is abbreviation for Massachusetts Military Reservation] 22 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

0.00 0.20 0.02 0.00 0.37 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.01 2.09 error -0.24 -0.02 -0.06 -0.03 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.04 -8.59 -0.02 Model (percent) Total Total 31773 28527 33745 66830 70226 63893 60326 24603 31975 91541 34584 76880 44450 54615 40807 55041 outflow per day) 113340 128710 174600 460222 772944 159213 166850 301290 285464 233709 (cubic feet 3315660

water 66222 31773 28527 33745 66830 70226 63893 60326 24603 31975 91541 34584 76880 44450 54615 40807 47371 outflow Outflow per day) Ground- 113340 128710 174600 691580 145630 166850 675860 162600 250140 167180 (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7670 81364 13583 35324 66529 water outflow per day) 394000 138690 Surface- 2639800 (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 per day) Pumping from wells (cubic feet Total Total inflow 31773 28527 33748 66585 70007 63899 60327 24565 31980 91542 34561 76913 48270 54623 40803 53890 per day) 113374 129016 174638 460491 771364 159186 166844 301300 285510 233703 (cubic feet 3315104

water inflow 24445 86947 25596 31550 59257 64145 55838 54465 22938 29049 84587 32363 70318 34945 78108 52425 39337 52424 per day) Ground- 101170 162180 352050 681230 109710 163180 427800 296170 259670 (cubic feet Inflow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2390 water 11859 66377 inflow per day) Surface- 100380 143870 (cubic feet 2847000 Plymouth-Carver Aquifer—Continued 8061 7328 5862 3664 2931 2198 7328 5862 8061 5862 3664 1627 2931 5130 6955 2198 6595 1466 2198 1466 1466 11725 27846 12458 90134 40304 23450 per day) Recharge (cubic feet Pond name Island Pond Unnamed pond near Street Wareham Unnamed pond near Unnamed pond near Frogfoot Brook Fivemile Pond Street Wareham Unnamed pond near Merton Pond Whites Pond Elbow Pond Ezekiel Pond Street Wareham Unnamed pond near Little Long Pond Grassy Pond Unnamed pond near Hammond Street Glen Charlie Pond Unnamed pond southeast of Little Long Pond Unnamed pond near Hammond Street Pond Tihonet Little Rocky Pond Pond Road Unnamed pond near Charge Unnamed pond near Main Street Bartlett Pond Pond Road Unnamed pond near Road Unnamed pond near Charge Identifiers, names, hydrologic budgets, and model errors for ponds in the Plymouth-Carver Cape Cod aquifer systems.—Conti nued

211 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 209 210 213 214 215 217 218 220 223 224 225 226 227 229 230 232 233 234 Identifier Identifier Table 1. Table [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system; MMR is abbreviation for Massachusetts Military Reservation] Table 1 23

0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.08 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.00 error -0.02 -0.78 -0.01 -0.02 -0.10 -0.07 -0.02 -0.17 -0.66 -0.31 -0.01 -0.04 -0.02 -0.01 Model (percent) 9906 9957 Total Total 63227 59761 35806 76297 27456 52876 84774 86865 18975 19500 47361 52368 87439 78895 34286 21281 21082 outflow per day) 113100 116370 160952 740754 198063 184910 170878 150330 (cubic feet

9906 9957 63227 water 35721 35806 76297 27456 40205 53702 14472 86865 18975 19500 60043 47361 47289 15728 56081 59367 34286 21281 21082 outflow Outflow per day) Ground- 113100 116370 449048 184910 100980 (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5079 24040 12671 70302 31358 19528 49350 water outflow per day) 107250 291706 138020 155150 Surface- (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 per day) Pumping from wells (cubic feet 9907 9958 Total Total inflow 59775 35807 63215 76296 27671 52884 84790 86863 18994 19514 47440 52716 87710 78900 34300 21280 21086 per day) 198112 113087 116351 160934 740131 184901 170880 150026 (cubic feet

7708 8492 water 61749 inflow 58309 33609 74830 26042 47269 80992 84665 18147 18781 45974 45018 84667 63352 31369 19082 19549 per day) Ground- 113420 157270 510984 181990 108690 179700 157690 140500 (cubic feet Inflow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 112 867 2684 1835 water 11884 inflow per day) Surface- 178470 (cubic feet Plymouth-Carver Aquifer—Continued 847 733 1466 2198 1466 1466 1629 2931 3664 2931 2198 1466 4397 5201 2931 5862 2931 3664 9526 2198 2931 2198 1537 1466 50677 16122 13190 per day) Recharge (cubic feet Pond name Unnamed pond near Charge Pond Road Unnamed pond near Charge Mosquito Pond Pond Road Unnamed pond near Charge Unnamed pond west of Glen Charlie Pond Black Pond Unnamed pond near Rose Brook Unnamed pond near Maple Swamp Unnamed pond near Maple Swamp Pond Weeks Mill and Spectacle Ponds Unnamed pond near Harlow Brook Unnamed pond near Harlow Brook Foundry Pond Goat Pasture Pond Mare Pond Pond Weeks Unnamed pond south of Sandy Pond Horseshoe Pond Cedar Pond Union Pond Dicks Pond Sand Pond Queen Sewell Pond Blackmere Reservoir Nightingale Pond Beaverdam Pond Identifiers, names, hydrologic budgets, and model errors for ponds in the Plymouth-Carver Cape Cod aquifer systems.—Conti nued

235 236 237 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 249 251 252 253 254 255 256 259 260 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 Identifier Identifier Table 1. Table [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system; MMR is abbreviation for Massachusetts Military Reservation] 24 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.10 error -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 Model (percent) 2268 Total Total 58911 22639 52247 14769 40148 69849 25210 42932 29132 19678 43485 73079 23167 16710 68999 22030 21951 outflow per day) 288958 346523 102944 135565 120020 166370 128800 434660 (cubic feet

2268 3255 water 22639 33008 62413 18386 52247 14769 92370 40148 69849 25210 10745 29132 19678 43485 73079 23167 16710 68999 22030 21951 outflow Outflow per day) Ground- 120020 166370 128800 434660 (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 99689 40525 43195 32187 water outflow 284110 per day) 255950 Surface- (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 per day) Pumping from wells (cubic feet 2268 Total Total inflow 22640 58914 52247 14769 40148 69861 25210 42932 29132 19678 43484 73080 23166 16709 68986 22030 21953 per day) 288958 346519 102949 135565 120046 166388 128804 435092 (cubic feet

803 water inflow 20442 99963 56924 51079 13601 38396 55845 22874 41764 25044 17926 32388 68296 21414 13789 56722 20278 19033 per day) Ground- 283670 342020 131650 100190 147700 125300 375300 (cubic feet Inflow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sagamore Aquifer water inflow per day) Surface- (cubic feet Plymouth-Carver Aquifer—Continued 1168 1168 1168 1466 2198 5288 4499 2986 1990 3915 1752 2336 4088 1752 4784 3504 1752 2920 1752 2920 11096 14016 19856 18688 12264 59792 per day) Recharge (cubic feet Pond name Unnamed pond near Brandy Hill Bourne Pond Lower Shawme Lake Upper Shawme Lake Hoxie Pond Nye Pond Mill Pond Clay Pond Barnstable West unnamed pond, Hinckley Pond Spectacle Pond Lawrence Pond Dennis Pond Thachers Pond Miss Greenough Pond Elishas Pond Pond Triangle Garretts Pond Peters Pond Flax Pond Little Pond Hathaway Pond (north) SnakePond Flax Pond Israel Pond Mystic/Middle/Hamblin Pond Identifiers, names, hydrologic budgets, and model errors for ponds in the Plymouth-Carver Cape Cod aquifer systems.—Conti nued

3 4 5 6 7 8 11 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 270 271 Identifier Identifier Table 1. Table [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system; MMR is abbreviation for Massachusetts Military Reservation] Table 1 25

0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 error -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.03 Model (percent) Total Total 50111 23220 13455 68269 16555 19645 19052 58191 77406 67519 12735 34778 41864 23639 16750 16866 89283 42164 42763 34581 outflow per day) 283360 870030 133020 104070 394720 134710 138040 (cubic feet

50111 water 23220 13455 68269 16555 19645 19052 58191 77406 67519 12735 34778 41864 23639 16750 16866 89283 42164 42763 34581 40297 outflow Outflow per day) Ground- 283360 600690 133020 104070 247450 134710 (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 97743 water outflow per day) 269340 147270 Surface- (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 per day) Pumping from wells (cubic feet Total Total inflow 23222 13456 68271 16554 19645 19052 58189 77407 67554 12735 34778 41863 23639 16750 16866 89283 42152 42763 34582 50109 per day) 283320 870050 133020 104068 394683 134736 138041 (cubic feet

6797 water 11120 inflow 51181 11567 20302 66519 14218 16132 67496 57514 96476 30501 38359 21887 14998 15698 85779 38994 41595 33414 48357 per day) Ground- 182650 744990 130570 369160 126560 134060 (cubic feet Inflow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 water inflow per day) Surface- Sagamore Aquifer—Continued (cubic feet 9911 1168 1168 1168 1168 2920 2336 1752 2336 2920 2450 7008 7592 4277 3504 1752 1752 3504 3158 8176 1752 3981 12848 10040 25523 per day) 100670 125060 Recharge (cubic feet Pond name Lamson Pond Hathaway Pond (south) Lake Wequaquet Pimlico Pond Pond Weeks Shallow Pond Pond Mashpee/Wakeby Mary Dunn Pond Red Brook Pond Phlashes Pond Long Pond Schubael Pond Bassetts Lot Pond Long Pond Horse Pond Muddy Pond Little Sandy Pond Big Sandy Pond Jabinettes Pond Santuit Pond Long Pond Osborn Pond Fawcetts Pond North Pond Lovells Pond Pond West Cedar Lake Identifiers, names, hydrologic budgets, and model errors for ponds in the Plymouth-Carver Cape Cod aquifer systems.—Conti nued

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 Identifier Identifier Table 1. Table [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system; MMR is abbreviation for Massachusetts Military Reservation] 26 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 error -0.02 -0.01 Model (percent) Total Total 11980 53193 20166 43131 31427 31805 29821 99101 28487 56873 44942 20516 30962 35517 58947 36695 76977 68896 outflow per day) 112740 172320 368310 717990 325810 505560 135830 254250 156655 (cubic feet

0 water 11980 53193 20166 43131 31427 31805 29821 99101 28487 56873 44942 20516 30962 35517 58947 36695 36825 76977 68896 outflow Outflow per day) Ground- 112740 172320 368310 425630 440920 135830 254250 (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 64640 water outflow 119830 per day) 292360 325810 Surface- (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 per day) Pumping from wells (cubic feet Total Total inflow 11979 53193 20166 43131 31420 31807 29822 99101 28486 56873 44942 20516 30962 35517 58947 36695 76977 68893 per day) 112735 172318 368354 717986 325808 505558 135830 254266 156658 (cubic feet

9816 water inflow 51441 18302 40795 30252 30055 28654 93487 27318 55121 43190 18764 29794 34349 56664 34943 74057 64221 per day) Ground- 168230 335650 665840 321720 477990 129990 108580 240130 153500 (cubic feet Inflow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 water inflow per day) Surface- Sagamore Aquifer—Continued (cubic feet 1168 1168 1168 1168 1168 1752 1864 4088 2336 1752 4088 5614 1752 1752 1752 5840 2283 4155 1752 3158 2163 2920 4672 32704 52146 27568 14136 per day) Recharge (cubic feet Pond name Washburn Pond Washburn Simmons Pond Moody Pond Micah Pond Bog Pond Joshua Pond Ashumet Pond Eagle Pond Johns Pond Pond Wings Deep Pond Coonamessett Pond Grassy Pond Unnamed pond near Johns Pond Martha Pond Round Pond Crooked Pond Unnamed pond near Johns Pond Crocker Pond Shallow Pond Round Pond Jenkins Pond Fresh Pond Unnamed pond along Coonamessett River Deer Pond Flax Pond Mares Pond Identifiers, names, hydrologic budgets, and model errors for ponds in the Plymouth-Carver Cape Cod aquifer systems.—Conti nued

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 84 85 Identifier Identifier Table 1. Table [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system; MMR is abbreviation for Massachusetts Military Reservation] Table 1 27

0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 error -0.01 -0.02 Model (percent) 8466 7608 7283 5105 7018 9187 7208 4978 Total Total 11312 11786 57669 12192 17221 12735 59771 46366 35307 36202 10603 29835 14981 38744 14550 21715 outflow per day) 351957 (cubic feet

8466 7608 7283 5105 7018 9187 7208 4978 water 11312 11786 57669 22057 12192 17221 12735 59771 46366 35307 36202 10603 29835 14981 38744 14550 21715 outflow Outflow per day) Ground- (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 water outflow per day) Surface- (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 329900 per day) Pumping from wells (cubic feet 8466 7608 7282 5105 7018 9187 7208 4980 Total Total inflow 11312 11786 57669 12192 17221 12735 59790 46365 35308 36201 10604 29835 14980 38740 14549 21716 per day) 351976 (cubic feet

6114 3115 7298 5272 2953 9322 8613 7197 6213 9795 2897 water inflow 34211 54749 10440 15349 10983 54534 44375 32322 27845 12990 34647 12559 17735 per day) Ground- 329200 (cubic feet Inflow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Monomoy Aquifer water inflow per day) Surface- Sagamore Aquifer—Continued (cubic feet 995 1168 1168 2920 1752 2336 1872 1752 5256 1990 2986 1990 4066 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 4093 1990 1990 1990 3981 2083 22776 per day) Recharge (cubic feet Pond name and Route 6A Spectacle Pond Bourne Pond Long Pond Dean Pond Grews Pond Jones Pond Morse Pond Shivericks Pond Siders Pond Pond near MMR rotary Edmunds Pond unnamed pond north of Shivericks Pond Jim Pond Unnamed pond near Quaker Meetinghouse Rd Hog Pond (North) Hog Pond (South) Pattys Pond Round Pond Lambert Pond Miller Pond Flintrock Pond Spruce Pond Sandy Hill Pond Cedar Pond Harvey Pond Identifiers, names, hydrologic budgets, and model errors for ponds in the Plymouth-Carver Cape Cod aquifer systems.—Conti nued

2 3 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 98 99 110 100 101 102 103 104 105 107 108 109 Identifier Identifier Table 1. Table [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system; MMR is abbreviation for Massachusetts Military Reservation] 28 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

0.25 0.26 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.08 0.01 0.00 0.73 0.08 0.13 0.10 0.04 error -0.02 -0.22 -0.01 -0.04 -0.01 -0.24 -0.03 -0.11 -0.02 Model (percent) 3176 4544 5344 Total Total 11114 11252 44343 51340 96310 75434 55365 73513 53149 25641 17409 20737 48088 16996 29326 36982 52978 48276 16434 outflow per day) 213130 491041 468776 437710 200603 (cubic feet

3176 1256 4544 5344 11114 water 11252 44343 51340 96310 75434 55365 73513 53149 25641 17409 20737 48088 16996 29326 36982 42851 52978 48276 16434 46233 outflow Outflow per day) Ground- 213130 272190 (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 water outflow per day) 448190 467520 165520 154370 Surface- (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 per day) Pumping from wells (cubic feet 3184 4539 5341 Total Total 11110 inflow 73511 11253 44233 51209 96326 75325 55367 53264 25641 17408 20735 48109 16982 29323 36982 52933 48279 16413 per day) 212956 487434 468931 438200 200648 (cubic feet

7130 9501 1021 2787 2825 water inflow 37982 46537 88734 68490 50868 70591 49176 23757 15245 18572 25333 14992 27571 32310 46875 44930 44033 14423 per day) Ground- 175580 429326 299370 179040 (cubic feet Inflow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 water inflow per day) Surface- 433140 Monomoy Aquifer—Continued (cubic feet 6251 4672 7592 6835 4499 2920 4088 3981 1884 2163 2163 1752 1990 1752 4672 7419 8003 4246 1990 2163 1752 2517 37376 22776 39605 21608 per day) 138830 Recharge (cubic feet Pond name Crystal Lake Baker Pond Flax Pond Pilgrim Lake Blueberry/Salls Pond Cobbs Pond Pond Cliff Cliff/Little Coles Pond School House Pond Ruth Pond Smith Pond Rafe Pond Sheep Pond Sarahs Pond Pond Twinings Griffiths Pond Lower Mill Pond Lake Scargo Shoal/Deep Pond Uncle Seths Pond Canoe Pond Upper Mill Pond Long Pond Cedar Pond Seymour Pond Aunt Pattys Pond Identifiers, names, hydrologic budgets, and model errors for ponds in the Plymouth-Carver Cape Cod aquifer systems.—Conti nued

4 5 6 7 8 9 11 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Identifier Identifier Table 1. Table [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system; MMR is abbreviation for Massachusetts Military Reservation] Table 1 29

0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.05 0.02 0.11 0.15 0.01 0.01 error -0.02 -0.11 -0.03 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.15 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 Model (percent) 1196 9651 9272 Total Total 11209 11320 88028 21496 10494 19597 17903 13454 16890 31796 15912 18300 76954 24056 28717 15607 33261 48410 19182 19533 70443 15168 32953 outflow per day) 517805 (cubic feet

1196 9651 9272 water 11209 11320 88028 21496 10494 56475 19597 17903 13454 16890 31796 15912 18300 76954 24056 28717 15607 33261 48410 19182 19533 70443 15168 32953 outflow Outflow per day) Ground- (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 water outflow per day) 461330 Surface- (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 per day) Pumping from wells (cubic feet 1196 9650 9271 Total Total inflow 11222 11322 88022 21500 10492 19594 17908 13446 16891 31801 15910 18303 76955 24044 28760 15603 33263 48358 19184 19504 70447 15167 32949 per day) 517574 (cubic feet

612 7572 7314 5555 8190 9407 8103 9992 water inflow 21124 69655 17001 16090 16156 26545 12990 16551 72283 25256 13259 26733 42940 16742 17062 65948 13999 27693 per day) Ground- 191170 (cubic feet Inflow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 water inflow per day) Surface- 302460 Monomoy Aquifer—Continued (cubic feet 584 1168 1168 4499 2920 2336 5667 3504 1752 5256 7485 5256 2920 1752 4672 2920 3504 2344 6530 5418 1330 2442 2442 4499 5256 18367 23944 per day) Recharge (cubic feet Pond name Walkers Pond Walkers Slough Pond Simmons Pond Pine Pond Bakers Pond Hinckleys Pond Hawksnest/Slack Pond Grassy Pond Flax Pond Pond Walkers Elbow Pond Matthews Pond Aunt Edies Pond unnamed pond, North Chatham Cornelius Pond Robbins Pond Stillwater Pond Josephs Pond White Pond Lovers Lake Bucks Pond Unnamed pond near Bucks Pond Unnamed pond near Goose Pond Unnamed pond, near Frost Fish Creek Mill Pond Eagle Pond Goose Pond Identifiers, names, hydrologic budgets, and model errors for ponds in the Plymouth-Carver Cape Cod aquifer systems.—Conti nued

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 Identifier Identifier Table 1. Table [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system; MMR is abbreviation for Massachusetts Military Reservation] 30 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

0.16 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.07 0.33 0.27 0.00 0.84 1.19 1.38 1.13 0.82 0.54 0.54 0.00 error -0.03 -0.01 -0.04 -0.26 -0.11 -0.02 -0.07 Model (percent) 4494 4503 4017 6249 2595 4026 2678 1976 7001 3914 7809 2605 Total Total 11429 11775 48670 16620 25395 28753 41237 26912 48965 10067 12567 15064 10487 outflow per day) 110116 (cubic feet

4494 4503 4017 6249 2595 4026 2678 1976 7001 3914 7809 2605 water 11429 11775 48670 16620 25395 94274 28753 41237 26912 48965 10067 12567 15064 10487 outflow Outflow per day) Ground- (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15842 water outflow per day) Surface- (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 per day) Pumping from wells (cubic feet 4493 4503 4028 6256 2617 4074 2715 1999 7039 3913 7804 2605 Total Total 11411 inflow 11743 48670 16625 25397 28751 41221 26892 48802 10071 12567 15188 10544 per day) 110055 (cubic feet

85 864 567 245 8384 1945 1929 8080 2605 2037 3270 3790 4406 2655 2889 2684 2093 water inflow 11953 45339 22066 96039 26415 38301 22220 44314 10577 per day) Ground- (cubic feet Inflow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lower Cape Aquifer water inflow per day) Surface- Monomoy Aquifer—Continued (cubic feet 512 3026 2549 3331 4672 2574 3331 2336 2920 4672 4488 1990 9138 1990 2986 1990 1754 3507 2630 1754 6138 4384 1024 5120 11398 14016 per day) Recharge (cubic feet Pond name Schoolhouse Pond Emery Pond Flax Pond White Pond Perch Pond Sand Pond Reservoir Paddocks Pond Grass Pond Fresh Pond Skinequit Pond Run Pond Kelleys Pond Fund Pond Olivers Pond Andrews Pond Unnamed pond near Great Pond Great Pond Bennett Pond Duck Pond Clapps Pond Shank Painter Pond (west) Shank Painter Pond (east) Featherbed Swamp Great Pond Unnamed pond north of Round Pond Identifiers, names, hydrologic budgets, and model errors for ponds in the Plymouth-Carver Cape Cod aquifer systems.—Conti nued

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 10 12 Identifier Identifier Table 1. Table [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system; MMR is abbreviation for Massachusetts Military Reservation] Table 1 31

0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.09 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 error -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.21 -0.26 -0.18 -0.62 Model (percent) 8615 4443 6991 1837 2794 6123 5059 6393 8131 8066 Total Total 44991 58628 15632 13332 19348 39440 68448 18080 10608 35209 16067 57854 27482 34369 outflow per day) (cubic feet

8615 4443 6991 1837 2794 6123 5059 6393 8131 3315 8066 water 44991 58628 15632 13332 19348 39440 68448 18080 10608 35209 29688 27482 34369 outflow Outflow per day) Ground- (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12752 28166 water outflow per day) Surface- (cubic feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 per day) Pumping from wells (cubic feet 8615 4442 6979 1826 2795 6126 5059 6396 8132 8066 Total Total inflow 44991 58625 15630 13304 19297 39457 68486 18093 10617 35222 16068 57853 27483 34368 per day) (cubic feet

802 7591 3418 7160 4931 2283 5102 4547 5372 7108 6233 4482 water 11105 inflow 34119 40383 42753 12558 51737 13485 29590 14532 53245 25435 29760 per day) Ground- (cubic feet Inflow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lower Cape Aquifer water inflow per day) Surface- (cubic feet 512 512 1024 4608 1024 3072 6144 8192 2048 1024 1024 5338 4608 1024 1024 4384 5632 1536 4608 2048 3584 4608 15872 16749 per day) Recharge (cubic feet Pond name Round Pond Horseleech Pond Snow Pond Gull Pond Pond Ryder Long Pond Great Pond Dyer Pond Duck Pond Unnamed pond near Minister Pond Unnamed pond near Minister Pond Minister Pond Great Pond Depot Pond Unnamed pond near Great Pond Jemima Pond Harding Pond Widow Mill Pond Herring Pond Unnamed pond near Mill Pond Higgins Pond Pond Williams Herring Pond Slough Pond Identifiers, names, hydrologic budgets, and model errors for ponds in the Plymouth-Carver Cape Cod aquifer systems.—Conti nued

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Identifier Identifier Table 1. Table [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system; MMR is abbreviation for Massachusetts Military Reservation] THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Appendix 1 33

Appendix 1. Locations of Simulated Ponds on U.S. Geological Survey Topographic Quadrangles

Figure 1–1. Map showing locations of U.S. Geological Survey Topographic Quadrangle that encompass coastal aquifers of southeastern Massachusetts.

Figures 1–2 through 1–23. Maps showing locations of simulated ponds on U.S. Geological Survey Topographic Quadrangles

1–2. Chatham. 1–3. Cotuit. 1–4. Dennis. 1–5. Duxbury. 1–6. Falmouth. 1–7. Hanover. 1–8. Harwich. 1–9. Hyannis. 1–10. Manomet. 1–11. North Truro. 1–12. Onset. 1–13. Orleans. 1–14. Plymouth. 1–15. Plympton. 1–16. Pocasset. 1–17. Provincetown. 1–18. Sagamore. 1–19. Sandwich. 1–20. . 1–21. Wareham. 1–22. Wellfleet. 1–23. .

Table 1–1. Pond identifier, name, location, topographic quadrangle, and simulated ponds in the Plymouth-Carver and Cape Cod aquifer systems. 34 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

70°52’30” 70°45’ 70°37’30” 70°30’ 70°22’30” 70°15’ 70°07’30” 70° 69°52’30”

42°07’30” PROVINCETOWN NORTH Atlantic Ocean HANOVER TRURO (Figure 1–11)1–11) DUXBURY (Figure 1–7) Plymouth-Carver (Figure 1–5) Aquifer (Figure 1–17)1–17) 42° MANOMET Lower Cape WELLFLEET (Figure 1–10)1–10) Aquifer (Figure 1–22)1–22) PLYMPTON PLYMOUTH

(Figure 1–15)1–15) (Figure 11–14)–14) Cape Cod Bay

41°52’30” ORLEANS WAREHAM (Figure 1–13)1–13) SAGAMORE (Figure 1–21)1–21) SNIPATUIT (Figure 11–18)–18) POND Monomoy Aquifer (Figure 11–20)–20) Sagamore Aquifer 41°45’ HARWICH CHATHAM SANDWICH DENNIS (Figure 1–8)1–8) ONSET POCASSET (Figure 11–19)–19) HYANNIS (Figure 11–4)–4) (Figure 11–16)–16) (Figure 1–9)1–9) (Figure 1–12)1–12) COTUIT (Figure 1–2)1–2) 41°37’30” WOODS FALMOUTH (Figure 1–6)1–6) HOLE Nantucket Sound (Figure 1–23)1–23) (Figure 1–3)1–3) 0 2 4 6 8 MILES

Buzzards Bay 0 2 4 6 8 KILOMETERS 41°30’ Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 19, 1:24,000, 1991 EXPLANATION 7.5 minute quadrangle—dimensions are 7º30’ latitude by 7º30’ longitude, named for prominent town or other prominent feature in the area

Figure 1–1. Location of U.S. Geological Survey Topographic Quadrangle that encompass coastal aquifers of southeastern Massachusetts. Appendix 1 35

69°59’ 69°58’ 69°57’ 69°56’ 69°55’ 69°54’ 69°53’

41°45’

41°42’30”

41°40’

EXPLANATION

Simulated pond and identifier—number is identifier listed in tables 1 and 1–1

41°37’30” 0 1 2 MILES

0 1 2 KILOMETERS

Base from U.S. Geological Survey, DRG, 1:25,000, 2001 Lambert conformal conical projection, 1983 North American datum Massachusetts coordinate system mainland zone Figure 1–2. Chatham. 36 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

70°30' 70°27’30” 70°25’ 70°22’30”

41°40’

41°37’30’’

41°35’

EXPLANATION

Simulated pond and identifier—number is identifier listed in tables 1 and 1–1

41°32’30’’ 0 1 2 MILES

0 1 2 KILOMETERS

Base from U.S. Geological Survey, DRG, 1:25,000, 2001 Lambert conformal conical projection, 1983 North American datum Massachusetts coordinate system mainland zone Figure 1–3. Cotuit. Appendix 1 37

70°15’ 70°12’30” 70°10’ 70°07’30”

41°45’

41°42’30” Monomoy Aquifer

Sagamore Aquifer

41°40’

EXPLANATION

Simulated pond and identifier—number is identifier listed in 0 1 2 MILES tables 1 and 1–1

0 1 2 KILOMETERS 41°37’30” Base from U.S. Geological Survey, DRG, 1:25,000, 2001 Lambert conformal conical projection, 1983 North American datum Massachusetts coordinate system mainland zone

Figure 1–4. Dennis.

38 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

70°45’ 70°42’30” 70°40’ 70°37’30”

0 1 2 MILES

42°07’30” 0 1 2 KILOMETERS

42°05’

42°02’30”

EXPLANATION

Simulated pond and identifier—number is identifier listed in tables 1 and 1–1 42°

Base from U.S. Geological Survey, DRG, 1:25,000, 2001 Lambert conformal conical projection, 1983 North American datum Massachusetts coordinate system mainland zone Figure 1–5. Duxbury. Appendix 1 39

70°37’30” 70°35’ 70°32’30” 70°30’

41°37’30”

41°35’

41°32’30”

0 1 2 MILES EXPLANATION

0 1 2 KILOMETERS Simulated pond and identifier—number is identifier listed in 41°30’ tables 1 and 1–1

Base from U.S. Geological Survey, DRG, 1:25,000, 2001 Lambert conformal conical projection, 1983 North American datum Massachusetts coordinate system mainland zone

Figure 1–6. Falmouth. 40 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

70°52’30” 70°50’ 70°47’30” 70°45’

0 1 2 MILES EXPLANATION 0 1 2 KILOMETERS 42°07’30” Simulated pond and identifier—number is identifier listed in tables 1 and 1–1

42°05’

42°02’30”

42°

Base from U.S. Geological Survey, DRG, 1:25,000, 2001 Lambert conformal conical projection, 1983 North American datum Massachusetts coordinate system mainland zone

Figure 1–7. Hanover. Appendix 1 41

70°07’30” 70°05’ 70°02’30” 70°

EXPLANATION

Simulated pond and identifier—number is identifier listed in tables 1 and 1–1

41°45’

41°42’30”

41°40’

0 1 2 MILES

0 1 2 KILOMETERS

Base from U.S. Geological Survey, DRG, 1:25,000, 2001 Lambert conformal conical projection, 1983 North American datum Massachusetts coordinate system mainland zone Figure 1–8. Harwich. 42 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

70°22’30” 70°20’ 70°17’30” 70°15’

41°42’30”

41°40’

41°37’30” EXPLANATION

Simulated pond and identifier—number is identifier listed in tables 1 and 1–1 0 1 2 MILES

0 1 2 KILOMETERS

Base from U.S. Geological Survey, DRG, 1:25,000, 2001 Lambert conformal conical projection, 1983 North American datum Massachusetts coordinate system mainland zone

Figure 1–9. Hyannis. Appendix 1 43

70°37’30” 70°35’ 70°32’30” 70°30’

42° EXPLANATION

Simulated pond and identifier—number is identifier listed in tables 1 and 1–1

0 1 2 MILES

0 1 2 KILOMETERS

41°57’30”

41°55’

41°52’30”

Base from U.S. Geological Survey, DRG, 1:25,000, 2001 Lambert conformal conical projection, 1983 North American datum Massachusetts coordinate system mainland zone

Figure 1–10. Manomet. 44 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

70°07’30” 70°05’ 70°02’30” 70° 42°07’30”

EXPLANATION 0 1 2 MILES

Simulated pond and identifier—number is 0 1 2 KILOMETERS identifier listed in tables 1 and 1–1

42°05’

42°02’30”

42°

Base from U.S. Geological Survey, DRG, 1:25,000, 2001 No modeled ponds on North Truro quadrangle. Lambert conformal conical projection, 1983 North American datum Massachusetts coordinate system mainland zone

Figure 1–11. North Truro. Appendix 1 45

70°45’ 70°42’30” 70°40’ 70°37’30”

41°45’ Plymouth-Carver Aquifer

41°42’30”

41°40’

0 1 2 MILES

0 1 2 KILOMETERS

Sagamore

EXPLANATION Aquifer

Simulated pond and identifier—number is identifier listed in tables 1 and 1–1 41°37’30”

Base from U.S. Geological Survey, DRG, 1:25,000, 2001 Lambert conformal conical projection, 1983 North American datum Massachusetts coordinate system mainland zone Figure 1–12. Onset. 46 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

70°02’30” 70° 69°47’30” 69°45’

EXPLANATION

41°52’30” Simulated pond and identifier—number is identifier listed in tables 1 and 1–1

41°50’

Lower Cape Aquifer

41°47’30” Monomoy Aquifer

41°45’ 0 1 2 MILES

0 1 2 KILOMETERS

Base from U.S. Geological Survey, DRG, 1:25,000, 2001 Lambert conformal conical projection, 1983 North American datum Massachusetts coordinate system mainland zone

Figure 1–13. Orleans. Appendix 1 47

70°45’ 70°42’30” 70°40’ 70°37’30”

EXPLANATION 42° Simulated pond and identifier—number is identifier listed in tables 1 and 1–1

0 1 2 MILES

0 1 2 KILOMETERS

41°57’30”

41°55’

41°52’30”

Base from U.S. Geological Survey, DRG, 1:25,000, 2001 Lambert conformal conical projection, 1983 North American datum Massachusetts coordinate system mainland zone

Figure 1–14. Plymouth. 48 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

70°52’30” 70°50’ 70°47’30” 70°45’

42° EXPLANATION

Simulated pond and identifier—number is identifier listed in tables 1 and 1–1

41°57’30”

41°55’

41°52’30” 0 1 2 MILES

0 1 2 KILOMETERS Base from U.S. Geological Survey, DRG, 1:25,000, 2001 Lambert conformal conical projection, 1983 North American datum Massachusetts coordinate system mainland zone

Figure 1–15. Plympton. Appendix 1 49

70°37’30” 70°35’ 70°32’30” 70°30’

41°45’ Plymouth-Carver Aquifer

EXPLANATION

Simulated pond and identifier—number is identifier listed in tables 1 and 1–1

41°42’30”

41°40’ Sagamore Aquifer

0 1 2 MILES

0 1 2 KILOMETERS

41°37’30”

Base from U.S. Geological Survey, DRG, 1:25,000, 2001 Lambert conformal conical projection, 1983 North American datum Massachusetts coordinate system mainland zone

Figure 1–16. Pocasset. 50 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

70°15’ 70°12’30” 70°10’ 70°07’30”

EXPLANATION

42°07’30” Simulated pond and identifier—number is 0 1 2 MILES identifier listed in tables 1 and 1–1 0 1 2 KILOMETERS

42°05’

42°02’30”

42° Base from U.S. Geological Survey, DRG, 1:25,000, 2001 Lambert conformal conical projection, 1983 North American datum Massachusetts coordinate system mainland zone

Figure 1–17. Provincetown. Appendix 1 51

70°37’30” 70°35’ 70°32’30” 70°30’

41°52’30”

0 1 2 MILES

0 1 2 KILOMETERS

EXPLANATION

Simulated pond and identifier—number is 41°50’ identifier listed in tables 1 and 1–1

41°47’30” Plymouth-Carver Aquifer

41°45’ Sagamore Flow Lens

Base from U.S. Geological Survey, DRG, 1:25,000, 2001 Lambert conformal conical projection, 1983 North American datum Massachusetts coordinate system mainland zone

Figure 1–18. Sagamore. 52 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

70°30’ 70°27’30” 70°25’ 70°22’30” 41°47’30”

EXPLANATION

Simulated pond and identifier—number is identifier listed in tables 1 and 1–1

0 1 2 MILES

0 1 2 KILOMETERS

41°45’

41°42’30”

41°40’

Base from U.S. Geological Survey, DRG, 1:25,000, 2001 Lambert conformal conical projection, 1983 North American datum Massachusetts coordinate system mainland zone

Figure 1–19. Sandwich. Appendix 1 53

70°52’30” 70°50’ 70°47’30” 70°45’

41°52’30” 0 1 2 MILES

0 1 2 KILOMETERS

41°50’

EXPLANATION

Simulated pond and identifier—number is identifier listed in tables 1 and 1–1

41°47’30”

41°45’

Base from U.S. Geological Survey, DRG, 1:25,000, 2001 Lambert conformal conical projection, 1983 North American datum Massachusetts coordinate system mainland zone

Figure 1–20. Snipatuit Pond. 54 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

70°45’ 70°42’30” 70°40’ 70°37’30”

0 1 2 MILES

0 1 2 KILOMETERS 41°52’30”

41°50’

41°47’30”

EXPLANATION

41°45’ Simulated pond and identifier—number is identifier listed in tables 1 and 1–1 Base from U.S. Geological Survey, DRG, 1:25,000, 2001 Lambert conformal conical projection, 1983 North American datum Massachusetts coordinate system mainland zone Figure 1–21. Wareham. Appendix 1 55

70°05’ 70°02’30” 70° 69°47’30”

42°

41°57’30”

41°55’

EXPLANATION

Simulated pond and identifier—number is 41°52’30” identifier listed in 0 1 2 MILES tables 1 and 1–1 0 1 2 KILOMETERS

Base from U.S. Geological Survey, DRG, 1:25,000, 2001 Lambert conformal conical projection, 1983 North American datum Massachusetts coordinate system mainland zone

Figure 1–22. Wellfleet. 56 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

70°45’ 70°42’30” 70°40’ 70°37’30”

41°37’30”

41°35’

0 1 2 MILES

0 1 2 KILOMETERS

EXPLANATION

Simulated pond and identifier—number is identifier listed in tables 1 and 1–1 41°32’30”

41°30’

Base from U.S. Geological Survey, DRG, 1:25,000, 2001 Lambert conformal conical projection, 1983 North American datum Massachusetts coordinate system mainland zone

Figure 1–23. Woods Hole. Appendix 1 57

7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 11.02 11.02 11.02 11.02 22.04 40.40 40.40 44.08 14.69 47.75 36.73 51.42 22.04 55.10 14.69 18.37 14.69 14.69 639.12 (acres) Modeled area outh-Carver aquifer, Sagamore, outh-Carver aquifer, quadrangle Hanover Duxbury Duxbury Duxbury Duxbury Duxbury Hanover Duxbury Hanover Duxbury Hanover Hanover Duxbury Hanover Duxbury Duxbury Hanover Hanover Duxbury Hanover Hanover Duxbury Duxbury Plympton Plympton Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Plympton Name of topographic Town Duxbury Marshfield Marshfield Duxbury Duxbury Duxbury Duxbury Duxbury Duxbury Duxbury Duxbury/Pembroke Pembroke Duxbury Duxbury/Pembroke Duxbury Duxbury Duxbury Duxbury Kingston Kingston Kingston Kingston Plympton Kingston Kingston Kingston Kingston Kingston Pembroke/ Plympton/Kingston Longitude, -70.75212 -70.69178 -70.68002 -70.71247 -70.70512 -70.73324 -70.77304 -70.70834 -70.76867 -70.72602 -70.76871 -70.77757 -70.71875 -70.76296 -70.72171 -70.71146 -70.80579 -70.75569 -70.71159 -70.77350 -70.75140 -70.74111 -70.73822 -70.80016 -70.75754 -70.71053 -70.74588 -70.74741 -70.77539 (decimal degrees) Plymouth–Carver Aquifer Latitude 42.07558 42.07078 42.06850 42.06543 42.06428 42.05350 42.05046 42.04235 42.04604 42.04137 42.04275 42.04061 42.03364 42.03064 42.03256 42.02810 42.01883 42.02291 42.01712 42.00985 42.01190 42.01074 42.00633 41.99465 41.98999 41.98418 41.98113 41.97565 41.97364 American Datum 1983. MMR, Massachusetts Military Reservation] (decimal degrees) Pond name Identifiers, names, locations, names of U.S. Geological Survey topographic quadrangles and modeled areas ponds in the Plym Keene Pond Unnamed pond north of Green Harbor Brook Unnamed pond north of Bourne Wharf River Unnamed pond north of Bourne Unnamed west of Wright Reservoir Wright Unnamed west of Wright Reservoir Wright South River Reservoir Unnamed pond, West Duxbury West Unnamed pond, North Hill Marsh Unnamed pond, West Duxbury West Unnamed pond, Lorings Bogs Upper Chandler Pond Unnamed pond, near Town Forest Town Unnamed pond, near Round Pond Lower Chandler Pond Pine Lake Island Creek Pond Silver Lake Unnamed pond along Halls Brook Mill Pond Reeds Millpond Bracketts Pond Unnamed pond near Winthrop Street Winthrop Unnamed pond near Blackwater Pond Unnamed pond near Jones River Brook Crossman Pond Foundry Pond Soules Pond Russell Pond Unnamed pond near Jones River Brook

3 4 5 6 7 9 10 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 28 29 32 33 35 36 37 39 40 Identifier Table 1–1. Table and Lower Cape aquifers. Monomoy, [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system. Datum is North 58 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 11.02 11.02 11.02 11.02 47.75 22.04 14.69 29.38 58.77 91.83 55.10 36.73 25.71 44.08 14.69 22.04 44.08 279.16 (acres) Modeled area quadrangle outh-Carver aquifer, Sagamore, outh-Carver aquifer, Plymouth Plympton Manomet Plympton Plymouth Plympton Plympton Manomet Manomet Plymouth Plympton Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Plympton Plymouth Plympton Plymouth Plympton Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Plympton Plympton Plympton Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Name of topographic Town Plymouth Carver Plymouth Carver Plymouth Carver Carver Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Plympton Kingston Kingston Kingston Kingston/Plympton Kingston Plympton Kingston Plympton Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Carver Carver Carver Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth ­ —Continued -70.73028 -70.76264 -70.55836 -70.78470 -70.68477 -70.79942 -70.77002 -70.61278 -70.62310 -70.66573 -70.79745 -70.72544 -70.74162 -70.73726 -70.76229 -70.71961 -70.78731 -70.73881 -70.78593 -70.70360 -70.71099 -70.68605 -70.76543 -70.77427 -70.76842 -70.68762 -70.67144 -70.74497 -70.73762 Longititude, (decimal degrees) Plymouth–Carver Aquifer Latitude 41.93272 41.93074 41.92705 41.92979 41.92802 41.92878 41.92859 41.92529 41.92317 41.92239 41.97377 41.96782 41.96793 41.96351 41.96148 41.96339 41.95944 41.95693 41.95175 41.95011 41.94686 41.94230 41.94393 41.94289 41.93956 41.93462 41.93561 41.93392 41.93387 American Datum 1983. MMR, Massachusetts Military Reservation] (decimal degrees) Pond name Identifiers, names, locations, names of U.S. Geological Survey topographic quadrangles and modeled areas ponds in the Plym Clear Pond Unnamed pond near Cedar Swamp Bartlett Pond Unnamed pond near Doten Brook Briggs Reservoir Unnamed pond near Cole Mill Unnamed pond near Plymouth Road Howland Pond Unnamed pond on Eel River Cooks Pond Dennetts Pond Smelt Pond Goose Pond Pratt Pond Indian Pond Little Smelt Pond Unnamed pond near Upland Road Muddy Pond Unnamed pond near Brook Street Pond Triangle Little Muddy Pond Little Pond Ricketts Pond Unnamed pond near High Street Unnamed pond southwest of Ricketts Pond Billington Sea Lout Pond Darby Pond Little Cedar Pond

66 67 68 69 71 72 74 76 77 42 43 44 45 46 48 49 50 51 52 54 55 56 57 58 59 61 62 63 64 Identifier Table 1–1. Table and Lower Cape aquifers.—Continued Monomoy, [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system. Datum is North Appendix 1 59

7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 11.02 11.02 77.13 22.04 66.12 22.04 14.69 47.75 25.71 84.48 36.73 18.37 62.44 25.71 22.04 33.06 14.69 14.69 25.71 113.87 437.10 (acres) Modeled area quadrangle outh-Carver aquifer, Sagamore, outh-Carver aquifer, Plymouth Plympton Plymouth Plymouth Plympton Manomet Plymouth Plympton Plymouth Plymouth Plympton Manomet Plymouth Plymouth Plympton Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Manomet Manomet Plympton Plympton Plympton Manomet Plympton Manomet Plymouth Plymouth Plympton Name of topographic Town Carver/Plymouth Carver Plymouth Plymouth Carver Plymouth Plymouth Carver Plymouth Plymouth Carver Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Carver Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Carver Middleborough/Carver Carver Plymouth Carver Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Carver -70.74367 -70.78478 -70.71135 -70.69809 -70.78335 -70.61141 -70.63494 -70.79071 -70.67035 -70.69666 -70.76428 -70.61585 -70.66289 -70.72021 -70.79665 -70.70556 -70.71292 -70.72774 -70.55577 -70.60571 -70.78496 -70.81288 -70.76295 -70.60283 -70.75710 -70.57054 -70.64104 -70.68365 -70.80706 Longititude, (decimal degrees) Plymouth–Carver Aquifer—Continued Latitude 41.91964 41.92320 41.91833 41.92043 41.91990 41.91759 41.91667 41.91885 41.90596 41.91712 41.91648 41.91543 41.91469 41.91509 41.91339 41.91060 41.90955 41.89978 41.90397 41.90547 41.90673 41.90691 41.90440 41.90106 41.90217 41.89860 41.90025 41.90057 41.90138 American Datum 1983. MMR, Massachusetts Military Reservation] (decimal degrees) Pond name Identifiers, names, locations, names of U.S. Geological Survey topographic quadrangles and modeled areas ponds in the Plym Fresh Meadow Pond Unnamed pond near Plymouth Road Ponds West Little, Big, and Grassy Micajah Pond Unnamed pond near Plymouth Road Pond Forge Russell Millpond Cooper Pond Great South Pond Little Micajah Pond Pond Wenham Pond Unnamed pond southwest of Forge Pond Triangle South Spring Pond Muddy Pond Kings Pond Ellis Pond Unnamed pond near airport Fresh Pond Unnamed pond near Sandwich Road Johns Pond Unnamed pond near Stone Street Unnamed pond near Centre Street Road Valley Unnamed pond near Unnamed pond near Pond Street Beaver Dam Pond Island Pond Powderhorn Pond Unnamed pond near Forest Street

78 79 80 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 110 100 101 103 104 105 106 107 108 Identifier Table 1–1. Table and Lower Cape aquifers.—Continued Monomoy, [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system. Datum is North 60 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

7.35 7.35 7.35 3.67 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 11.02 11.02 11.02 11.02 11.02 11.02 29.38 18.37 44.08 22.04 91.83 22.04 51.42 40.40 18.37 14.69 47.75 22.04 29.38 165.29 286.50 (acres) Modeled area quadrangle outh-Carver aquifer, Sagamore, outh-Carver aquifer, Plymouth Manomet Plymouth Plympton Manomet Plymouth Plympton Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Plympton Plympton Plymouth Manomet Plymouth Plymouth Plympton Wareham Plymouth/ Plymouth Manomet Sagamore Plympton Plympton Sagamore Sagamore Snipatuit Pond Sagamore Name of topographic Town Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Carver Plymouth Plymouth Middleborough Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Carver Carver Carver Plymouth Plymouth Carver Middleborough Carver/Plymouth Carver Plymouth Plymouth Carver Middleborough Plymouth Plymouth Carver Plymouth -70.68818 -70.55304 -70.69700 -70.78074 -70.57368 -70.71906 -70.83070 -70.64710 -70.69560 -70.71900 -70.65876 -70.68960 -70.73953 -70.75568 -70.77183 -70.65290 -70.57646 -70.72055 -70.82045 -70.70746 -70.73676 -70.58698 -70.56358 -70.75739 -70.81028 -70.60634 -70.53424 -70.77950 -70.55775 Longititude, (decimal degrees) Plymouth–Carver Aquifer—Continued Latitude 41.89072 41.88968 41.89078 41.89024 41.88436 41.88874 41.88945 41.88713 41.88528 41.89313 41.89380 41.89512 41.89656 41.89776 41.89897 41.89266 41.89536 41.88655 41.88609 41.87658 41.88227 41.87898 41.87220 41.87692 41.87615 41.86047 41.86976 41.87047 41.86886 American Datum 1983. MMR, Massachusetts Military Reservation] (decimal degrees) Pond name Identifiers, names, locations, names of U.S. Geological Survey topographic quadrangles and modeled areas ponds in the Plym Widgeon pond Widgeon Shallow Pond Curlew Pond Pond Vaughn Island Pond Unnamed pond near Federal Furnace Road Unnamed pond near Meadow Street Crooked Pond Rocky Pond Unnamed pond near Rocky Neck Road Negro Pond Little Widgeon Pond Widgeon Little South Meadow Pond Clear Bottom Pond Unnamed pond near Centre Street Hoyts Pond Long Island Pond Unnamed pond near Tremont St Tremont Unnamed pond near Unnamed pond near Purchase Street Federal Pond Unnamed pond in Cedar Swamp Clam Pudding Pond Briggs Reservoir Unnamed pond in Cedar Swamp Unnamed pond near Maxim Corner Little Long and Ponds Ship Pond Unnamed pond near South Meadow Brook Morey Hole

111 119 118 117 115 116 114 113 112 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 137 138 139 140 Identifier Table 1–1. Table and Lower Cape aquifers.—Continued Monomoy, [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system. Datum is North Appendix 1 61

7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 11.02 11.02 55.10 47.75 51.42 18.37 33.06 36.73 18.37 29.38 29.38 18.37 33.06 18.37 14.69 29.38 14.69 25.71 117.54 286.50 227.73 315.89 128.56 102.85 (acres) Modeled area quadrangle outh-Carver aquifer, Sagamore, outh-Carver aquifer, Wareham Wareham Snipatuit Pond Sagamore Wareham Snipatuit Pond Wareham Sagamore Sagamore Wareham Sagamore Wareham Snipatuit Pond Sagamore Wareham Snipatuit Pond Wareham Sagamore Wareham Wareham Wareham Snipatuit Pond Wareham Sagamore/Wareham Sagamore Wareham Snipatuit Pond Wareham Name of topographic Snipatuit Pond/ Wareham Snipatuit Pond/ Town Plymouth Carver Carver Plymouth Plymouth Carver Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Carver Carver Plymouth Carver Middleborough Plymouth Plymouth Carver Plymouth Plymouth Carver/Plymouth Carver Carver Carver Carver Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Carver Carver -70.66498 -70.73254 -70.80449 -70.61512 -70.67385 -70.77228 -70.67389 -70.56673 -70.61819 -70.75036 -70.72826 -70.58300 -70.73270 -70.80316 -70.60498 -70.67841 -70.78555 -70.65931 -70.55074 -70.68585 -70.73573 -70.69317 -70.77401 -70.73439 -70.62432 -70.57601 -70.66692 -70.76525 -70.74177 Longititude, (decimal degrees) Plymouth–Carver Aquifer—Continued Latitude 41.86750 41.86687 41.86843 41.86273 41.86317 41.85945 41.85988 41.85795 41.85288 41.85053 41.85697 41.84930 41.85370 41.85525 41.85277 41.85113 41.85405 41.85209 41.84684 41.84350 41.84604 41.84465 41.83641 41.83505 41.83426 41.82510 41.83129 41.83196 41.83181 American Datum 1983. MMR, Massachusetts Military Reservation] (decimal degrees) Pond name Identifiers, names, locations, names of U.S. Geological Survey topographic quadrangles and modeled areas ponds in the Plym College Pond Dunham Pond Unnamed pond near Rocky Meadow Brook Gallows Pond Pond Torrey Atwood Bogs Unnamed pond near Three Cornered Pond Dugway Pond Halfway Pond Sampson Pond Unnamed pond near Crane Brook Bloody Pond Unnamed pond near Tremont Street Tremont Unnamed pond near Unnamed pond near Double Brook Round Pond New Long Pond Atwood Bogs Unnamed pond near Bumps Pond Savery Pond East Head Pond Street Tremont Unnamed pond near Barrett Pond Bates Pond Cedar Pond Unnamed reservoir Little Herring Pond Fearing Pond Unnamed pond near Huckleberry Corner Clear Pond

142 144 145 147 148 149 150 151 153 154 155 156 157 158 160 161 163 164 166 167 168 169 171 172 173 175 176 177 178 Identifier Table 1–1. Table and Lower Cape aquifers.—Continued Monomoy, [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system. Datum is North 62 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 11.02 11.02 11.02 33.06 55.10 36.73 18.37 18.37 18.37 95.50 18.37 29.38 40.40 22.04 62.44 40.40 36.73 29.38 18.37 14.69 36.73 341.60 139.58 451.79 (acres) Modeled area quadrangle outh-Carver aquifer, Sagamore, outh-Carver aquifer, Sagamore Sagamore Wareham Wareham Snipatuit Pond Sagamore Sagamore Sagamore Sagamore Wareham Wareham Sagamore/Wareham Wareham Wareham Snipatuit Pond Sagamore Sagamore Wareham Sagamore Sagamore Wareham Wareham Sagamore Wareham Wareham Wareham Sagamore Sagamore Name of topographic Snipatuit Pond/Wareham Town Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Carver Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Carver Plymouth/Wareham Plymouth Carver Carver Middleborough Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Carver Plymouth/Bourne Plymouth Plymouth Carver Plymouth Plymouth -70.57008 -70.56572 -70.63616 -70.65082 -70.75503 -70.60096 -70.59367 -70.59809 -70.57609 -70.62598 -70.72723 -70.62318 -70.66121 -70.71989 -70.75369 -70.77861 -70.67593 -70.58070 -70.61299 -70.60409 -70.57769 -70.63929 -70.74345 -70.56466 -70.70242 -70.65396 -70.73612 -70.59389 -70.60270 Longititude, (decimal degrees) Plymouth–Carver Aquifer—Continued Latitude 41.82944 41.82611 41.82667 41.82787 41.82750 41.82530 41.82194 41.82088 41.81961 41.82000 41.82073 41.81010 41.81917 41.82068 41.81652 41.81887 41.81598 41.80537 41.80453 41.81105 41.81084 41.81242 41.81425 41.79866 41.80958 41.81253 41.81311 41.80658 41.80555 American Datum 1983. MMR, Massachusetts Military Reservation] (decimal degrees) Pond name Identifiers, names, locations, names of U.S. Geological Survey topographic quadrangles and modeled areas ponds in the Plym Black Jummy Pond Hedges Pond Fawn Pond New Grassy Pond Unnamed pond near Crane Brook Pond Wall Lang Duck Pond Big Rocky Pond Pond Triangle Deer Pond Golden Field Pond White Island Pond Abner Pond Raccoon Pond Unnamed pond near Crane Brook Unnamed pond near Beach Street Pond Charge Elbow Pond Ezekiel Pond Big Sandy Pond Island Pond Agawam River Unnamed pond near Street Wareham Unnamed pond near Great Herring Pond Unnamed pond near Frogfoot Brook Fivemile Pond Street Wareham Unnamed pond near Merton Pond Whites Pond

211 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 196 198 213 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 209 210 Identifier Table 1–1. Table and Lower Cape aquifers.—Continued Monomoy, [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system. Datum is North Appendix 1 63

7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 3.67 3.67 7.35 11.02 11.02 11.02 11.02 29.38 18.37 14.69 25.71 36.73 33.06 58.77 14.69 18.37 14.69 80.81 117.54 202.02 253.44 (acres) Modeled area quadrangle outh-Carver aquifer, Sagamore, outh-Carver aquifer, Wareham Wareham Sagamore Wareham Wareham Wareham Wareham Wareham Sagamore Sagamore Wareham Snipatuit Pond Wareham Wareham Wareham Wareham Wareham Wareham Wareham Sagamore Wareham Wareham Wareham Sagamore Wareham Wareham Wareham Sagamore Sagamore Name of topographic Town Carver Plymouth/Wareham Plymouth Carver Wareham Wareham Carver/Wareham Wareham Plymouth Plymouth Wareham Wareham Wareham Wareham Wareham Wareham Wareham Wareham Wareham Bourne Wareham Wareham Wareham Plymouth Wareham Wareham Wareham Bourne Bourne -70.74063 -70.66287 -70.59832 -70.73039 -70.64837 -70.65707 -70.73188 -70.71731 -70.60870 -70.60431 -70.68938 -70.76570 -70.63368 -70.69969 -70.69089 -70.69239 -70.72905 -70.67773 -70.65871 -70.56047 -70.73648 -70.71743 -70.71160 -70.61482 -70.66475 -70.70279 -70.70427 -70.72045 -70.56503 Longititude, (decimal degrees) Plymouth–Carver Aquifer—Continued Latitude 41.80436 41.80491 41.80442 41.80209 41.79163 41.79938 41.79991 41.79212 41.79681 41.79568 41.79632 41.79354 41.79371 41.79310 41.79304 41.79085 41.79111 41.78965 41.78622 41.78435 41.78347 41.78224 41.77891 41.77820 41.77309 41.77995 41.77886 41.77458 41.77341 American Datum 1983. MMR, Massachusetts Military Reservation] (decimal degrees) Pond name Identifiers, names, locations, names of U.S. Geological Survey topographic quadrangles and modeled areas ponds in the Plym Unnamed pond near Wareham Street Wareham Unnamed pond near Little Long Pond Grassy Pond Unnamed pond near Hammond Street Glen Charlie Pond Unnamed pond southeast of Little Long Pond Unnamed pond near Hammond Street Pond Tihonet Little Rocky Pond Little Sandy Pond Pond Road Unnamed pond near Charge Unnamed pond near Main Street Bartlett Pond Unnamed pond near Charge Pond Road Unnamed pond near Charge Pond Road Unnamed pond near Charge Pond Road Unnamed pond near Charge Mosquito Pond Unnamed pond near Charge Pond Road Unnamed pond near Charge Unnamed pond west of Glen Charlie Pond Black Pond Unnamed pond near Rose Brook Unnamed pond near Maple Swamp Unnamed pond near Maple Swamp Pond Weeks Mill and Spectacle Ponds Unnamed pond near Harlow Brook Unnamed pond near Harlow Brook Parker Mills Pond Foundry Pond

214 215 217 218 220 223 224 225 226 227 229 230 232 233 234 235 236 237 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 249 251 252 Identifier Table 1–1. Table and Lower Cape aquifers.—Continued Monomoy, [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system. Datum is North 64 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 11.02 11.02 11.02 11.02 11.02 11.02 22.04 25.71 14.69 29.38 66.12 14.69 18.37 47.75 14.69 29.38 88.15 36.73 25.71 25.71 22.04 132.23 (acres) Modeled area quadrangle outh-Carver aquifer, Sagamore, outh-Carver aquifer, Wareham/Sagamore Sagamore Wareham Wareham Wareham Wareham Wareham Sagamore Wareham Sagamore Wareham Wareham Pocasset Pocasset Sagamore Hyannis Sandwich Sandwich Hyannis Dennis Dennis Pocasset Sandwich Sandwich Pocasset Pocasset Sandwich Name of topographic Wareham/Snipatuit Pond Wareham/Snipatuit Town Plymouth Plymouth Wareham Wareham Wareham Wareham Wareham Wareham Bourne Wareham Bourne Wareham Wareham Bourne Bourne Sandwich Barnstable Sandwich Sandwich Barnstable Barnstable Barnstable Sandwich Sandwich Sandwich Bourne Bourne Barnstable -70.59877 -70.62516 -70.61783 -70.65597 -70.75284 -70.66338 -70.67222 -70.65759 -70.64586 -70.60488 -70.73386 -70.59315 -70.67524 -70.68997 -70.60204 -70.50154 -70.50164 -70.32358 -70.45839 -70.44233 -70.25345 -70.21828 -70.23736 -70.43446 -70.43308 -70.59572 -70.59443 -70.38651 Longititude, Sagamore Aquifer (decimal degrees) Plymouth–Carver Aquifer—Continued Latitude 41.77259 41.77279 41.77273 41.77193 41.76382 41.76539 41.76216 41.75986 41.75977 41.75507 41.75711 41.75498 41.75560 41.75022 41.74846 41.75393 41.74734 41.70502 41.70304 41.69960 41.69549 41.69620 41.69422 41.73246 41.72696 41.72837 41.71628 41.70895 American Datum 1983. MMR, Massachusetts Military Reservation] (decimal degrees) Pond name Identifiers, names, locations, names of U.S. Geological Survey topographic quadrangles and modeled areas ponds in the Plym Goat Pasture Pond Mare Pond Pond Weeks Unnamed pond south of Sandy Pond Horseshoe Pond Cedar Pond Union Pond Dicks Pond Sand Pond Queen Sewell Pond Blackmere Reservoir Nightingale Pond Beaverdam Pond Unnamed pond near Brandy Hill Bourne Pond Lower Shawme Lake Upper Shawme Lake Hinckley Pond Spectacle Pond Lawrence Pond Dennis Pond Pond Thacher’s Miss Greenough Pond Hoxie Pond Nye Pond Mill Pond Clay Pond Barnstable West Unnamed pond,

3 4 5 6 7 8 11 12 13 14 15 16 10 253 254 255 256 259 260 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 270 271 Identifier Table 1–1. Table and Lower Cape aquifers.—Continued Monomoy, [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system. Datum is North Appendix 1 65

7.35 11.02 11.02 11.02 11.02 11.02 11.02 69.79 29.38 22.04 18.37 77.13 14.69 18.37 14.69 14.69 80.81 18.37 14.69 44.08 58.77 62.44 47.75 25.71 22.04 117.54 374.66 631.77 786.04 (acres) Modeled area quadrangle outh-Carver aquifer, Sagamore, outh-Carver aquifer, Dennis Sandwich Hyannis Sandwich Pocasset Sandwich Hyannis Pocasset Dennis Hyannis Sandwich Hyannis Hyannis Hyannis Sandwich Pocasset Hyannis Sandwich Hyannis Pocasset Dennis Dennis Sandwich Dennis Sandwich Dennis Sandwich Hyannis Dennis Name of topographic Town Barnstable Sandwich Barnstable Sandwich Bourne Barnstable Barnstable Sandwich Barnstable Barnstable Barnstable Barnstable Barnstable Barnstable Sandwich Sandwich Barnstable Mashpee Barnstable Bourne Barnstable Barnstable Barnstable Barnstable Barnstable Barnstable Barnstable Barnstable Barnstable -70.22856 -70.45706 -70.35165 -70.49230 -70.59628 -70.41912 -70.31225 -70.52022 -70.18634 -70.27862 -70.41347 -70.26839 -70.31524 -70.33885 -70.49831 -70.52466 -70.32411 -70.48674 -70.27875 -70.60963 -70.22174 -70.19832 -70.39447 -70.23352 -70.44434 -70.23941 -70.43409 -70.24968 -70.23657 Longititude, (decimal degrees) Sagamore Aquifer—Continued Latitude 41.69522 41.69425 41.69214 41.68908 41.68885 41.68621 41.68405 41.68274 41.68266 41.68150 41.67408 41.68029 41.68078 41.67115 41.67925 41.67948 41.67649 41.67037 41.67491 41.67688 41.66989 41.66963 41.67170 41.66673 41.66669 41.66460 41.66659 41.66362 41.66018 American Datum 1983. MMR, Massachusetts Military Reservation] (decimal degrees) Pond name Identifiers, names, locations, names of U.S. Geological Survey topographic quadrangles and modeled areas ponds in the Plym Elisha’s Pond Elisha’s Triangle Pond Triangle Pond Garrett’s Peters Pond Flax Pond Little Pond Hathaway Pond (north) Snake Pond Flax Pond Israel Pond Mystic/Middle/Hamblin Pond Lamson Pond Hathaway Pond (south) Lake Wequaquet Pimlico Pond Weeks Pond Weeks Shallow Pond Mashpee/Wakeby Pond Mashpee/Wakeby Mary Dunn Pond Red Brook Pond Phlashes Pond Long Pond Schubael Pond Bassetts Lot Pond Long Pond Horse Pond Muddy Pond Little Sandy Pond Big Sandy Pond

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Identifier Table 1–1. Table and Lower Cape aquifers.—Continued Monomoy, [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system. Datum is North 66 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 11.02 11.02 11.02 11.02 11.02 11.02 11.02 11.02 44.08 14.69 51.42 14.69 25.71 14.69 25.71 29.38 36.73 157.94 205.69 326.91 172.64 (acres) Modeled area quadrangle outh-Carver aquifer, Sagamore, outh-Carver aquifer, Dennis Cotuit Hyannis Pocasset Hyannis Cotuit Cotuit Cotuit Pocasset Cotuit Hyannis Pocasset Cotuit Cotuit Cotuit Pocasset Cotuit Pocasset Onset Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Hole Woods Falmouth Name of topographic Town Barnstable Mashpee Barnstable Bourne Barnstable Barnstable Barnstable Barnstable Bourne Barnstable Barnstable Mashpee Barnstable Barnstable Barnstable Mashpee Barnstable Mashpee Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Mashpee Mashpee Falmouth Falmouth Mashpee Falmouth Falmouth -70.24245 -70.45919 -70.33620 -70.57330 -70.30413 -70.37581 -70.44172 -70.37733 -70.62318 -70.48423 -70.30722 -70.51208 -70.37895 -70.39945 -70.38191 -70.53416 -70.42731 -70.52106 -70.62642 -70.57964 -70.56800 -70.53577 -70.51677 -70.51240 -70.56069 -70.58412 -70.51395 -70.62656 -70.58570 Longititude, (decimal degrees) Sagamore Aquifer—Continued Latitude 41.65914 41.65365 41.65575 41.65793 41.64883 41.65066 41.64800 41.64738 41.64954 41.64400 41.64008 41.64095 41.63862 41.63772 41.63645 41.63236 41.63469 41.62785 41.62652 41.62395 41.61946 41.62249 41.62123 41.62009 41.61940 41.61740 41.61462 41.61664 41.60973 American Datum 1983. MMR, Massachusetts Military Reservation] (decimal degrees) Pond name Identifiers, names, locations, names of U.S. Geological Survey topographic quadrangles and modeled areas ponds in the Plym Jabinettes Pond Santuit Pond Long Pond Osborn Pond Fawcetts Pond North Pond Lovells Pond Pond West Cedar Lake Pond Washburn Simmons Pond Moody Pond Micah Pond Bog Pond Joshua Pond Ashumet Pond Eagle Pond Johns Pond Pond Wings Deep Pond Coonamessett Pond Grassy Pond Unnamed pond near Johns Pond Martha Pond Round Pond Crooked Pond Unnamed pond near Johns Pond Crocker Pond Shallow Pond

47 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 Identifier Table 1–1. Table and Lower Cape aquifers.—Continued Monomoy, [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system. Datum is North Appendix 1 67

7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 11.02 11.02 11.02 11.02 11.02 11.02 22.04 88.15 14.69 18.37 29.38 18.37 14.69 33.06 14.69 14.69 143.25 (acres) Modeled area quadrangle outh-Carver aquifer, Sagamore, outh-Carver aquifer, Hyannis Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Cotuit Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Pocasset Pocasset Falmouth Cotuit Sandwich Sandwich Sandwich Cotuit Sandwich Cotuit Dennis Hyannis Hyannis Name of topographic Town Barnstable Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Barnstable Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Falmouth Bourne Bourne Falmouth Mashpee Sandwich Sandwich Sandwich Barnstable Barnstable Barnstable Yarmouth Barnstable Barnstable -70.36340 -70.57851 -70.58588 -70.53328 -70.57274 -70.59613 -70.56845 -70.59917 -70.59332 -70.52171 -70.61537 -70.46639 -70.61405 -70.60684 -70.60544 -70.61718 -70.62164 -70.58754 -70.57334 -70.61569 -70.48103 -70.46212 -70.45133 -70.45285 -70.44009 -70.38870 -70.37712 -70.24314 -70.28600 -70.35899 Longititude, (decimal degrees) Sagamore Aquifer—Continued Latitude 41.69006 41.60089 41.59656 41.59393 41.59535 41.59554 41.58873 41.58788 41.58783 41.58504 41.57923 41.57028 41.56933 41.56159 41.55719 41.55399 41.54854 41.68549 41.65464 41.55617 41.56932 41.74370 41.68651 41.68323 41.65786 41.66725 41.65946 41.69867 41.67828 41.69111 American Datum 1983. MMR, Massachusetts Military Reservation] (decimal degrees) Pond name Identifiers, names, locations, names of U.S. Geological Survey topographic quadrangles and modeled areas ponds in the Plym Sandy Hill Pond Round Pond Jenkins Pond Fresh Pond Unnamed pond along Coonamessett River Deer Pond Flax Pond Mares Pond Spectacle Pond Bourne Pond Long Pond Dean Pond Grews Pond Jones Pond Morse Pond Shivericks Pond Siders Pond Pond near MMR rotary Edmunds Pond Unnamed pond north of Shivericks Pond Jim Pond Unnamed pond near Quaker Meetinghouse Rd Hog Pond (North) Hog Pond (South) Pattys Pond Round Pond Lambert Pond Miller Pond Flintrock Pond Spruce Pond

78 79 80 81 82 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 98 99 110 100 101 102 103 104 105 107 108 109 Identifier Table 1–1. Table and Lower Cape aquifers.—Continued Monomoy, [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system. Datum is North 68 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

7.35 7.35 7.35 11.02 11.02 11.02 11.02 11.02 11.02 11.02 25.71 14.69 14.69 36.73 29.38 47.75 40.40 29.38 18.37 29.38 44.08 47.75 18.37 14.69 143.25 242.42 238.75 841.14 183.65 (acres) Modeled area quadrangle outh-Carver aquifer, Sagamore, outh-Carver aquifer, Harwich Dennis Harwich Harwich Harwich Harwich Harwich Orleans Orleans Orleans Harwich Harwich Orleans Harwich Harwich Harwich Chatham Chatham Harwich Harwich Dennis Chatham Chatham Harwich Harwich Harwich Dennis Harwich Dennis Name of topographic Town Brewster Dennis Brewster Brewster Brewster Brewster Brewster Orleans Orleans Orleans Orleans Orleans Brewster Orleans Brewster Brewster Brewster Orleans Brewster Brewster Dennis Orleans Orleans Brewster Brewster Harwich Dennis Harwich Dennis -70.00886 -70.13644 -70.09254 -70.03244 -70.10438 -70.01647 -70.07087 -69.97405 -69.99186 -69.95554 -69.98353 -70.00426 -70.02625 -69.97937 -70.05269 -70.08785 -70.02352 -69.98431 -70.09134 -70.11039 -70.18366 -69.99169 -69.99760 -70.12074 -70.11795 -70.06384 -70.14716 -70.09316 -70.14732 Longititude, Monomoy Aquifer (decimal degrees) Latitude 41.75734 41.75674 41.75292 41.75216 41.74757 41.74536 41.73837 41.74151 41.79445 41.77969 41.77457 41.76606 41.76635 41.76464 41.76449 41.76603 41.75753 41.74165 41.74083 41.74106 41.74193 41.73955 41.73743 41.73679 41.73017 41.72511 41.73492 41.72438 41.72723 American Datum 1983. MMR, Massachusetts Military Reservation] (decimal degrees) Pond name Identifiers, names, locations, names of U.S. Geological Survey topographic quadrangles and modeled areas ponds in the Plym Higgins Pond Coles Pond School House Pond Ruth Pond Smith Pond Rafe Pond Sheep Pond Sarahs Pond Cedar Pond Harvey Pond Crystal Lake Baker Pond Flax Pond Pilgrim Lake Blueberry and Salls Ponds Cobbs Pond Ponds and Little Cliff Cliff Twinings Pond Twinings Griffiths Pond Lower Mill Pond Lake Scargo Shoal and Deep Ponds Uncle Seths Pond Canoe Pond Upper Mill Pond Long Pond Cedar Pond Seymour Pond Aunt Pattys Pond

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Identifier Table 1–1. Table and Lower Cape aquifers.—Continued Monomoy, [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system. Datum is North Appendix 1 69

7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 11.02 11.02 99.17 25.71 18.37 14.69 33.06 22.04 14.69 33.06 36.73 33.06 18.37 29.38 18.37 22.04 40.40 33.06 14.69 14.69 25.71 33.06 18.37 14.69 165.29 (acres) Modeled area quadrangle outh-Carver aquifer, Sagamore, outh-Carver aquifer, Dennis Dennis Dennis Dennis Dennis Harwich Harwich Dennis Dennis Harwich Harwich Dennis Harwich Chatham Harwich Harwich Chatham Harwich Dennis Chatham Harwich Harwich Harwich Chatham Harwich Dennis Harwich Chatham Chatham Name of topographic Town Brewster Brewster Dennis Brewster Dennis Harwich Harwich Dennis Dennis Harwich Brewster Yarmouth Harwich Chatham Harwich Harwich Chatham Harwich Dennis Chatham Harwich Harwich Chatham Chatham Chatham Dennis Chatham Chatham Chatham -70.12691 -70.13274 -70.16500 -70.13721 -70.14602 -70.09048 -70.04504 -70.16220 -70.18713 -70.05242 -70.12563 -70.22388 -70.06716 -69.95881 -70.05986 -70.11117 -69.98669 -70.04974 -70.13319 -69.98535 -70.04390 -70.03656 -69.99997 -69.96781 -70.02636 -70.13623 -70.00742 -69.99715 -69.98255 Longititude, (decimal degrees) Monomoy Aquifer—Continued Latitude 41.72260 41.72376 41.72305 41.72052 41.71953 41.71337 41.71389 41.71643 41.71562 41.71179 41.71380 41.70945 41.70759 41.70507 41.70640 41.70484 41.70325 41.70078 41.70291 41.69774 41.69961 41.70061 41.69904 41.69641 41.69828 41.69746 41.69364 41.69461 41.69222 American Datum 1983. MMR, Massachusetts Military Reservation] (decimal degrees) Pond name Identifiers, names, locations, names of U.S. Geological Survey topographic quadrangles and modeled areas ponds in the Plym Walkers Pond Walkers Slough Pond Simmons Pond Pine Pond Bakers Pond Hinckleys Pond Hawksnest and Slack Ponds Grassy Pond Flax Pond Pond Walkers Elbow Pond Matthews Pond Aunt Edies Pond Unnamed pond, North Chatham Cornelius Pond Robbins Pond Stillwater Pond Josephs Pond White Pond Lovers Lake Bucks Pond Unnamed pond east of Bucks Pond Unnamed pond near Goose Pond Unnamed pond near Frost Fish Creek Mill Pond Eagle Pond Goose Pond Schoolhouse Pond Emery Pond

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 Identifier Table 1–1. Table and Lower Cape aquifers.—Continued Monomoy, [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system. Datum is North 70 Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts

3.67 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 7.35 11.02 11.02 11.02 36.73 33.06 18.37 29.38 18.37 88.15 14.69 18.37 29.38 22.04 33.06 14.69 47.75 25.71 18.37 113.87 (acres) Modeled area quadrangle outh-Carver aquifer, Sagamore, outh-Carver aquifer, Wellfleet Wellfleet Wellfleet Wellfleet Wellfleet Wellfleet Harwich Chatham Chatham Harwich Harwich Harwich Harwich Dennis Harwich Dennis Dennis Dennis Harwich Harwich Provincetown Provincetown Provincetown Provincetown Provincetown Provincetown Provincetown Wellfleet Name of topographic Town Truro Truro Truro Truro Truro Wellfleet Harwich Chatham Chatham Harwich Harwich Harwich Harwich Dennis Harwich Dennis Dennis Dennis Harwich Harwich Provincetown Provincetown Provincetown Provincetown Provincetown Provincetown Provincetown Truro -70.03077 -70.00878 -70.01097 -70.00489 -70.02812 -70.00863 -70.09682 -69.98412 -69.97534 -70.11297 -70.11748 -70.06187 -70.07659 -70.15130 -70.04304 -70.17534 -70.17657 -70.15453 -70.03913 -70.08056 -70.19553 -70.20052 -70.19909 -70.19674 -70.20954 -70.20109 -70.20687 -70.02001 Longititude, Lower Cape Aquifer (decimal degrees) Monomoy Aquifer—Continued Latitude 41.97460 41.97321 41.96960 41.96855 41.96937 41.95645 41.69149 41.68785 41.68773 41.68949 41.68406 41.68227 41.67916 41.67788 41.67325 41.71878 41.65951 41.73281 41.71601 41.69787 42.06732 42.06498 42.05917 42.05638 42.05298 42.04916 42.04775 41.97833 American Datum 1983. MMR, Massachusetts Military Reservation] (decimal degrees) Pond name Identifiers, names, locations, names of U.S. Geological Survey topographic quadrangles and modeled areas ponds in the Plym Great Pond Unnamed pond north of Round Pond Round Pond Horseleech Pond Snow Pond Gull Pond Flax Pond White Pond Perch Pond Sand Pond Reservoir Paddocks Pond Grass Pond Fresh Pond Skinequit Pond Run Pond Kelleys Pond Fund Pond Olivers Pond Andrews Pond Unnamed pond near Great Pond Great Pond Bennett Pond Duck Pond Clapps Pond Shank Painter Pond (west) Shank Painter Pond (east) Featherbed Swamp

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 10 Identifier Table 1–1. Table and Lower Cape aquifers.—Continued Monomoy, [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system. Datum is North Appendix 1 71

7.35 3.67 7.35 3.67 7.35 7.35 11.02 22.04 44.08 58.77 14.69 33.06 33.06 18.37 40.40 33.06 14.69 25.71 33.06 117.54 (acres) Modeled area quadrangle outh-Carver aquifer, Sagamore, outh-Carver aquifer, Wellfleet Wellfleet Wellfleet Wellfleet Wellfleet Orleans Orleans Orleans Orleans Orleans Orleans Orleans Orleans Orleans Orleans Orleans Wellfleet Wellfleet Wellfleet Wellfleet Name of topographic Town Truro Wellfleet Wellfleet Wellfleet Wellfleet Eastham Eastham Eastham Eastham Eastham Eastham Eastham Eastham Eastham Eastham Eastham Wellfleet Wellfleet Wellfleet Truro -70.03108 -70.00707 -69.99991 -70.01019 -70.00022 -69.98717 -69.98858 -69.97815 -69.99029 -69.98096 -69.99729 -69.98516 -69.99372 -69.97754 -69.98734 -69.97553 -70.00925 -70.00832 -70.01409 -70.01066 Longititude, (decimal degrees) Lower Cape Aquifer—Continued Latitude 41.96669 41.94423 41.93981 41.93760 41.93190 41.84998 41.84544 41.84125 41.83299 41.83217 41.83102 41.82892 41.82880 41.82601 41.82531 41.81530 41.96134 41.96436 41.96297 41.96715 American Datum 1983. MMR, Massachusetts Military Reservation] (decimal degrees) Pond name Identifiers, names, locations, names of U.S. Geological Survey topographic quadrangles and modeled areas ponds in the Plym Ryder Pond Ryder Long Pond Great Pond Dyer Pond Duck Pond Unnamed pond northeast of Minister Pond Unnamed pond northeast of Minister Pond Minister Pond Great Pond Depot Pond Unnamed pond west of Great Pond Jemima Pond Harding Pond Widow Mill Pond Herring Pond Unnamed pond south of Mill Pond Higgins Pond Williams Pond Williams Herring Pond Slough Pond

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Identifier Table 1–1. Table and Lower Cape aquifers.—Continued Monomoy, [Pond identifiers are unique within each aquifer system. Datum is North THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Prepared by the Pembroke Publishing Service Center.

For more information concerning this report, contact:

Director U.S. Geological Survey Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center 10 Bearfoot Road, Northborough, MA 01532 [email protected] or visit our Web site at http://ma.water.usgs.gov Walter and Masterson—Estimated Hydrologic Budgets of Kettle-Hole Ponds in Coastal Aquifers of Southeastern Massachusetts —SIR 2011–5137