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Population Parameters of Poeciline in Streams of Mato Grosso Do Sul State, Brazil*

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Population Parameters of Poeciline in Streams of Mato Grosso Do Sul State, Brazil* POPULATION PARAMETERS OF POECILINE IN STREAMS OF MATO GROSSO DO SUL STATE, BRAZIL* Angélica MENDONÇA1; Milza Celi Fedatto ABELHA2; Valéria Flávia BATISTA-SILVA2; Elaine Antoniassi Luiz KASHIWAQUI2; Dayani BAILLY2; Carlos Alexandre FERNANDES2 ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe and compare the population structure of Phalloceros harpagos in Perobão and Água Boa streams, Mato Grosso do Sul State, through quantitative population parameters. Samplings were conducted using electrofishing in the streams´ upper, intermediate and lower stretches (sites 1, 2 and 3, respectively), between March and November 2008. Standard length, weight and sex were used to determine the sex ratio, standard length classes’ frequency and populations’ condition at each stream. A total of 686 and 3,404 specimens of P. harpagos were captured at Água Boa and Perobão streams, respectively. Only the population of the upper stretch of the Água Boa Stream was considered in the analysis due to the inexpressive capture in intermediate and lower stretches. Males with 1.4-1.8 and 1.8-2.2 cm standard length were the most captured in both streams. Females reached greater lengths, and the most frequent were those with 2.2-2.6 and 1.8-2.2 cm in the Água Boa and Perobão, respectively. Females predominated significantly (2.5:1) in the Água Boa Stream and at Site 1 (1.3:1) of Perobão Stream. The sex ratio was the same in all other sites. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test indicated significant difference in the distribution of individuals within size classes for both streams. The application of covariance analysis or of the separate slope model on data from the linearization of the length-weight relationship indicated the best condition of the P. harpagos population in Água Boa Stream and of that present in the upper stretch of Perobão Stream. Keywords: Cyprinodontiformes; Phalloceros; sex ratio; condition; sexual dimorphism PARÂMETROS POPULACIONAIS DE POECILÍNEO EM RIACHOS SUL-MATO- GROSSENSES, BRASIL RESUMO Este trabalho objetivou descrever e comparar a estrutura das populações de Phalloceros harpagos nos riachos Perobão e Água Boa, MS, através de parâmetros populacionais quantitativos. As amostragens foram realizadas utilizando-se pesca elétrica nos trechos superior, intermediário e inferior dos riachos (Pontos 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente), entre março e novembro de 2008. Informações relativas ao comprimento padrão, peso e sexo foram utilizadas para a determinação da proporção sexual, frequência das classes de comprimento padrão e condição das populações de cada riacho. Foram capturados 686 espécimes de P. harpagos no Água Boa e 3.404 no Perobão. Somente a população do trecho superior do Água Boa foi considerada nas análises devido a inexpressiva captura nos trechos intermediário e inferior. Machos com comprimento padrão entre 1,4-1,8 e 1,8-2,2 cm foram os mais capturados em ambos os riachos. As fêmeas apresentaram maiores comprimentos, sendo mais frequentes aquelas com 2,2-2,6 e 1,8-2,2 cm no riacho Água Boa e Perobão, respectivamente. As fêmeas predominaram significativamente (2,5:1) no Água Boa e no Ponto 1 (1,3:1) do Perobão. A proporção sexual foi equitativa nos demais pontos. O teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov indicou diferença significativa na distribuição dos indivíduos dentro das classes de tamanho para ambos os riachos. A aplicação da análise de covariância ou do modelo com inclinação separada sobre dados provenientes da linearização da relação peso-comprimento indicaram a melhor condição da população de P. harpagos no riacho Água Boa e daquela presente no trecho superior do Perobão. Palavras chave: Cyprinodontiformes; Phalloceros; proporção sexual; condição; dimorfismo sexual Artigo Científico: Recebido em 30/11/2013 – Aprovado em 16/08/2014 1 Pós-graduação em Entomologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais. Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12 – Cidade Universitária – CEP: 79804-970 – Dourados – MS – Brasil. e-mail: [email protected] (autor para correspondência) 2 Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Grupo de Pesquisa em Ciências Ambientais e Educação (GEAMBE). BR 163, Km 20,2 – Bairro Universitário – CEP: 79980-000 – Mundo Novo – MS – Brasil. e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] * Apoio financeiro: FUNDECT Bol. Inst. Pesca, São Paulo, 40(4): 557 – 567, 2014 558 MENDONÇA et al. INTRODUCTION little studied, especially regarding the estimation of its population parameters. Phalloceros harpagos (Lucinda, 2008) popularly known as guarú or barrigudinho, is a Quantitative parameters of population cyprinodontiform fish species that belongs to the structure as size distribution, sex ratio and family Poeciliidae, subfamily Poeciliinae, whose condition, are useful tools in the knowledge of distribution is restricted to South America fish ecology by revealing the relationship between (LUCINDA, 2008). In a recent taxonomic proposal the species and environmental conditions to poecilines, new species for the genus Phalloceros (WOOTTON, 1999). Particularly, the study of the were described, and the occurrence of P. harpagos condition assumes that heavier fish of a certain was recorded for the Upper Paraná River basin size are at better condition and thus, this attribute (LUCINDA, 2008) (site of this study) and not is often used as an indication of population P. caudimaculatus, as pointed out in previous welfare (VAZZOLER, 1996; POPE and KRUSE, surveys on fish fauna in this basin (CASTRO and 2007). Fish at relatively better condition present MENEZES, 1998; AGOSTINHO et al., 2004; higher growth rate, higher reproductive and LANGEANI et al., 2007). survival potential, summarizing the response of populations to changes in habitat (CAMARA Poecilines are small fish that have internal et al., 2011). fertilization and peculiar characteristics like ovoviviparity and sexual dimorphism (CASATTI It is noteworthy that recent fish surveys et al., 2001). The latter is shown by the larger developed by the University of Mato Grosso do size of females that in various species reach twice Sul State in four streams at Upper Paraná River basin showed an expressive numerical abundance the males’ size and by the first ray of males’ anal of P. harpagos in two of these streams: Perobão and fin turned into a gonopodium (VAZZOLER, Água Boa (unpublished data). Thus, in order to 1996; BISAZZA and PILASTRO, 1997; CASATTI extend the knowledge of P. harpagos’ ecology in et al., 2001). this region, this study describes and compares the Another characteristic common to members of distribution in length, sex ratio and the condition this subfamily is the occurrence in streams of this species in Perobão and Água Boa streams, (ARAÚJO et al., 2009) and, in the particular case of Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Given the high P. harpagos, it preferably inhabits stretches of abundance of P. harpagos in the Perobão Stream, backwaters (ARANHA and CARAMASCHI, 1997; this attribute was also examined over the spatial CASATTI et al., 2001; ABILHOA et al., 2008). scale at this stream. This species feeds on food from the water surface (CASATTI et al., 2001; ABILHOA et al., 2008) and MATERIAL AND METHODS presents diet composed predominantly of allochthonous plant matter and insects (CASTRO Study area and CASATTI, 1997). However, the food spectrum Perobão and Água Boa are first-order streams, may also include algae (DEUS and PETRERE JR., with 5.3 and 6.0 km long, respectively. They are 2003) and detritus (OLIVEIRA and located in the southern region of Mato Grosso do BENNEMANN, 2005). Sul State and are part of the Iguatemi River basin, a tributary of the right bank of the Paraná River The feeding plasticity combined with the (Figure 1). Both have their headwaters in the reproductive behavior (i.e., ovoviviparity) are municipality of Japorã and run to rural areas until factors associated with high population flowing into the right bank of Iguatemi River. abundance of P. harpagos in several surveys of fish populations from streams of the Upper Another aspect in common are the kind of Paraná River basin (CASATTI et al., 2001; human impacts imposed, highlighting the lack of CASATTI, 2005; OLIVEIRA and BENNEMANN, riparian vegetation and siltation. The replacement 2005; WOLFF et al., 2007). Despite its numerical of native vegetation for agriculture and pasture is representativeness in this basin, P. harpagos part of the history of regional occupation populations in Mato Grosso do Sul State were (SÚAREZ and PETRERE, 2007). As personal Bol. Inst. Pesca, São Paulo, 40(4): 557 – 567, 2014 Population parameters of Poeciline in streams of Mato Grosso do Sul… 559 observation, we highlight some environmental erosions are common in the landscape, which features, as follow. Much of the riparian intensifies the input of sediments to the streams. vegetation was reduced and it is generally formed The rural population frequently uses the streams by sparse or absent trees with pasture grasses as as water supply for livestock. This habit turns in the most abundant component. The local soil is another aggravating factor in the silting process sandy and is easily eroded when improperly due to landslide caused by animal trampling on used in farming activities in a way that gully the banks. Figure 1. Location of Água Boa and Perobão streams, sampling sites and municipalities of Japorã, Mundo Novo and Eldorado, Iguatemi River basin, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. S1, S2 and S3: sampling sites. Considering the accessibility and emphasis on environmental heterogeneity, environmental heterogeneity along the including habitats with fast flows, rapids and longitudinal axis of the streams, three sampling pools) and then calculated the arithmetic mean sites were established, which encompassed their of these measurements, with the result upper, middle and lower reaches, respectively multiplied by twenty. Thus, the minimum and called Site 1, Site 2 and Site 3. The location and maximum extent of the stretches sampled was characteristics of each site are detailed in Table 1.
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