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Short biographies and sources for further information About the sources: Extensive biographies and information about compositions, recordings, careers and families of émigré musicians can be found in German in the excellent LexM online encyclopedia of musicians persecuted by the Nazis, hosted by the University of Hamburg. English-language information about many émigrés can be found on Wikipedia. I am indebted for many details to Jutta Raab Hansen, author of NS-verfolgte Musiker in England (Hamburg: Bockel Verlag, 1996), who interviewed many émigré musicians in London during the 1990s and published nearly 300 short biographies in her book. Norbert Meyn Bing, Rudolf Born 9.1.1902 in Vienna, died 2.9.1997 in New York From 1928 opera manager Darmstadt, then Städtische Oper Berlin 1930-33 Emigration to UK in 1934 1936-1949 general manager of Glyndebourne opera Founding director of the Edinburgh Festival 1947 General manager of Metropolitain Opera New York 1950-1972 Raab Hansen, p. 397 Brainin, Norbert Born 12.3.1923 in Vienna, died April 10, 2005 in London Emigration to UK in 1938 Violin studies with Carl Flesch and Max Rostal in London 1940 internment Isle of Man concerts with Ferdinand Rauter and Paul Hamburger Work as a metal worker duringt he war 1948-1987 1st violin in Amadeus Quartet with Sigmund Nissel, Peter Schidlof (both also émigrés) and Marin Lovett, over 4000 concerts http://www.lexm.uni-hamburg.de/object/lexm_lexmperson_00002549 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l06wDJIjQ2M Raab Hansen, p. 399 Busch, Fritz Born 13.3.1890 in Siegen, died 14.9.1951 in London Started as opera conductor in Riga, Aachen and Stuttgart 1922-1934 music director of Dresden Opera Nazi persecution for political reasons, Busch was not Jewish 1934-1939 music director of Glyndebourne Festival Opera, international conducting career, Teatro Colon Buenos Aires, Metropolitain Opera New York, Chicago, Copenhagen, Stockholm http://www.lexm.uni-hamburg.de/object/lexm_lexmperson_00001742 Raab Hansen, p. 401 Deutsch, Otto Erich Born 5.9.1883 in Vienna, died 23.11.1957 in Vienna 1926-1935 librarian of the Hoboken music collection in Austria Freelance writer Emigration to UK 1938 (Cambridge) 1940 internment Isle of Man Schubert biographer, works list (Deutsch-Verzeichnis) Return to Vienna in 1952 Raab Hansen, p. 403 Ebert, Carl Born 20.2.1887 in Berlin, died 14.5.1980 in Los Angeles 1909-1914 actor at Deutsches Theater Berlin under Max Reinhardt Leading actor in Frankfurt and Berlin Opera director in Darmstadt from 1927 and Berlin from 1931 1934 emigration to the UK for political reasons 1934-39 and again post-war, director at Glyndebourne opera 1940-47 work in Ankara, Turkey Guest director at Zurich, La Scala Milan, Metropolitain Opera New York, Vienna State Opera, Salzburg Festival 1948-54 Los Angeles 1954-61 returned as director of Städtische Oper Berlin retired to Santa Monica, Los Angeles http://www.lexm.uni-hamburg.de/object/lexm_lexmperson_00002560 Raab Hansen, p. 404 Eisler, Hanns Composer, born 6.7.1898 in Leipzig, died 6.9.1962 Berlin Pupil of Arnold Schönberg and Anton Webern 1919-1923 Vienna Berlin from 1925, collaboration with Bertold Brecht Emigration to UK 1934, composed film and stage music 1938 further emigration to USA 1948 return to Vienna, 1950 Berlin, composed national anthem of East Germany http://www.hanns-eisler.com Raab Hansen, p. 407 Gál, Hans Composer, born 5.8.1890 in Vienna, died 3.10.1987 in Edinburgh Studied composition with Mandyczewskz in Vienna 1919-1929 lecturer at Vienna University Successful composer, operas, orchestrals, choral and chamber music performed frequently all over Germany 1929-1933 director of Konservatorium Mainz Return to Vienna, then 1938 emigration to UK, settled in Edinburgh 1940 internment Isle of Man, diary “Musik hinter Stacheldraht” After 1945 Professor at Edinburgh University Continued to compose until 1987 and published monographies of Brahms, Wagner, Schubert and Verdi www.hansgal.com http://www.lexm.uni-hamburg.de/object/lexm_lexmperson_00002570 Raab Hansen, p. 410 Gellhorn, Peter Pianist, coach and conductor, born 24.10.1912 in Breslau, died 14.2.2004 in London 1929-34 studied at Hochschule für Musik Berlin Emigrated to UK in 1935, teacher at Toynbee Hall until 1939 1940-41 internment Isle of Man 1941-43 repetiteur for Sadler’s Wells Opera Chamber music with Maria Lidka, violin, among others 1946-1953 conductor at Covent Garden 1954-1961 repetiteur and chorus master at Glyndebourne Opera From 1961 chorus master at the BBC Worked as a highly respected coach and teacher in London into the new millennium Raab Hansen, p. 411 Gerhardt, Elena Lieder singer, born 11.11.1883 in Leipzig, died 11.1.1963 Studied in Leipzig, debut recital in 1903 accompanied by Arthur Nikisch, since 1907 Guest concerts in London, international concert and recording career 1932 married to Leipzig radio director Fritz Kohl, who was arrested by the Nazis in 1934 Emigration to UK in 1934, teaching at Guildhall School, concerts at the National Gallery during WW2, later active as a private teacher in London (Peter Pears was one of her pupils in the 1930ies) http://www.lexm.uni-hamburg.de/object/lexm_lexmperson_00002399 http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/features/desert-island-discs/castaway/8d16a937 Raab Hansen, p. 412 Goehr , Walter Conductor, born 28.5.1903 in Berlin, died 4.12.1960 in Sheffield Pupil of Arnold Schönberg, conductor at Berliner Rundfunk 1933 emigration to the UK 1933-1939 conductor and music director of Columbia Records From 1942 conductor, composer and arranger for the BBC From 1943 conductor and teacher at Morley College His son is the composer Alexander Goehr Raab Hansen, p. 413 Goldschmidt, Berthold Composer and conductor, born 18.1.1903 in Hamburg, died 17.10.1996 Studied in Berlin with Franz Schreker After 1927 conductor with Carl Ebert in Darmstadt 1931 Städtisches Theater Berlin 1932 opera Der Gewaltige Hahnrei performed in Mannheim 1935 emigration to UK 1941-1947 works for the BBC as Music Director of German Service 1947 chorus master at Glyndebourne Worked as a conductor and composer in London 1987 conducted his opera Beatrice Cenci (finished in 1951) In the 1990s, renaissance of his music in Germany http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/features/desert-island-discs/castaway/6f87b9a5 Raab Hansen, p. 413 Hamburger, Paul Pianist, accompanist and radio producer, born 3.9.1920 in Vienna, died 11.4.2004 in London Emigration to UK in 1939 Studied at Royal College of Music 1941-43 Worked at the BBC, for English Opera Group and Glyndebourne Opera, accompanied many leading singers and was an inspirational teacher at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama until shortly before his death http://www.brittenpears.org/page.php?pageid=530 http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/paul-hamburger-6170963.html Raab Hansen, p. 419 Horovitz, Joseph Composer and conductor, born 26.5.1926 in Vienna Emigration to UK in 1938 Studied in Oxford and at the Royal College of Music Successful composer and conductor, active RCM professor http://www.rcm.ac.uk/about/stafflisting/profile/?id=106 http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/c46d6ba3-9544-4432-8d47-9cc7d364165f Isepp, Helene Born in Austria, studied singing with Emmy Heim. Emigration to England in 1938, settled in Oxford Successful singing teacher, one of her students was Janet Baker Raab Hansen, p. 426 She was the mother of Martin Isepp, born 30.9.1930, died 25.12.2011, accompanist and conductor who studied at the Royal College of Music, accompanied many leading singers and worked at Glyndebourne Opera, The National Opera Studio, the Juillard School in New York and the Royal Danish Opera in Copenhagen. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/martin-isepp-acclaimed- accompanist-6290528.html Kahn, Robert Composer and pianist, born 21.7.1865 in Mannheim, died 29.5.1951 in Biddenden, Kent Early success as a composer supported by Joseph Joachim, Hans von Bülow, Clara Schumann and Johannes Brahms, who helped him considerably in Vienna in 1887. 1890-93 repetiteur at Leipzig Opera Since 1893 Berlin, highly respected teacher there until 1930 Active as a accompanist of many eminent musicians Widely performed and published composer of Lieder, chamber and choral music until his vilification by the Nazis Emigration to UK in 1939, aged 73 Lived in Biddenden, Kent with his wife until his death, wrote almost 1,000 piano pieces during his time as an émigré as a “Diary in Music” http://www.lexm.uni-hamburg.de/object/lexm_lexmperson_00003101 Raab Hansen, p. 429 Kalmus, Alfred Publisher, born 16.5.1889 in Vienna, died 25.9.1972 in London Worked as music publisher in Vienna before emigrating to UK in 1936 Founder of Universal Edition London, dismissed by Austrian Head Office in 1938 Continued UE London, under Boosey and Hawkes during the war, then reinstated as a director of UE in London. One of the most important music publishers of the 20th century. http://www.lexm.uni-hamburg.de/object/lexm_lexmperson_00000951 Keller, Hans Musicologist and broadcaster, born 11.3.1919 in Vienna, died 6.11.1985 1938 emigration to UK 1940-41 internment Isle of Man Studied violin at Royal Academy of Music Active as music critic since 1945 Important broadcaster and champion of new music for BBC Third Programme Raab Hansen, p. 431 Kowalski, Max Singer and composer, born 10.8.1882 in Kowal (Poland), died 4.6.1956 in London Studied law, singing and composition and became a successful copyright lawyer (he represented Arnold Schönberg in 1930) “Pierrot Lunaire”, song cycle, published 1913 Simrock Published 17 song cycles with piano accompaniment before 1933 Imprisoned at KZ Buchenwald in 1938 Emigrated to London in 1939, worked as piano tuner and established himself as a singing teacher in Swiss Cottage http://www.lexm.uni-hamburg.de/object/lexm_lexmperson_00003097 Raab Hansen, p.