journal of jesuit studies 6 (2019) 213-248 brill.com/jjs Andrea Pozzo and the Jesuit “Theatres” of the Seventeenth Century Andrew Horn University of Edinburgh, School of History of Art
[email protected] Abstract Considered within the context of Jesuit theatre and liturgy, and within the broader culture of spectacle and ritual in the era of Counter-Reform, the works of art and ar- chitecture commissioned by the Jesuits in the seventeenth century can be read as “the- atres” of religious performance. This concept is given an ideal case study in the work of Jesuit artist Andrea Pozzo (1642–1709). In this essay I present Pozzo’s work within the context of ritual and prayer for which it was produced, focusing on two of his religious scenographies and two of his lesser-known painting projects. As I consider their use of allegory, emblems and symbols, visual narratives, spatial illusions, and architecture, I argue that both the scenographies and the permanent church decorations achieve persuasion through the engagement of the observer as a performer in a ritual involving both internal and external performance. Keywords Jesuit – Andrea Pozzo – baroque – illusionism – theatre – spectacle – scenography – painting Although it is an established overarching theme in studies of early modern cul- ture, “theatricality” is a topic which has only recently received the kind of fo- cused and detailed treatment needed to make it a useful framework for the art and architecture of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.1 The Jesuits have 1 Recent work in this area includes Genevieve Warwick, Bernini: Art as Theatre (New Ha- ven: Yale University Press, 2012); Performativity and Performance in Baroque Rome, ed.