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Chronology of the Civil War Including Names of Killed, Wounded, and Captured Swiss Officers Swiss American Historical Society Review Volume 51 Number 2 Article 6 6-2015 Chronology of the Civil War Including Names of Killed, Wounded, and Captured Swiss Officers Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/sahs_review Part of the European History Commons, and the European Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation (2015) "Chronology of the Civil War Including Names of Killed, Wounded, and Captured Swiss Officers," Swiss American Historical Society Review: Vol. 51 : No. 2 , Article 6. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/sahs_review/vol51/iss2/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Swiss American Historical Society Review by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. et al.: Chronology of the Civil War Including Names of Killed, Wounded, a 28 The Swiss in the American Civil War 3. Chronology of the Civil War Including Names of Killed, Wounded, and Captured Swiss Officers 1859 16 October John E. Brown (1800- 1859), radical anti-slavery leader, leads an uprising at Harper's Ferry, Virginia that is suppressed by the U.S. Marines led by Robert E. Lee. Brown is condemned to death by hanging and executed on 2 December 1859. 1860 6November The lawyer and Republican politician, Abraham Lincoln (1809- 1865), from Illinois is elected President of the United States. He is determined to keep the Union intact at any cost. The Southern States view their power in the Union to be eroded and start the process of secession. 20 December South Carolina is the first state to secede from the union. 1861 21 January- May Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina and Tennessee leave the Union one after another and join with South Carolina in establishing the Confederate States of America (CSA). Jefferson Davis (1898- 1889), a graduate of West Point and U.S. Minister of War from 1853 to 1857 is elected president. Montgomery, Alabama, is the first capital, but Richmond, Virginia, is made the capital on 21 May. 12 April Start of the Civil War: Confederate General Pierre-Gustave T. Beauregard (1818- 1893) orders troops to fire on Fort Sumter under the command of U.S. Major Robert Anderson (1805- 1871). The fort capitulates on 14 April. Published by BYU ScholarsArchive, 1 Swiss American Historical Society Review, Vol. 51 [], No. 2, Art. 6 June 2015 SAHS Review 29 15 April President Lincoln calls up 75,000 volunteers and appoints the seventy­ five-year-old General Winfield Scott (1786- 1866), originator of the Anaconda Plan, as Supreme Commander of the Union Army. May General Robert E. Lee ( 1807- 1870) takes command of the Confederate troops in Virginia, the main theater of combat during the war. 21 July First major battle in the war takes place at Bull Run (Manassas) in Virginia, southwest of Washington, D.C. The Confederate Generals Joseph Egglestone Johnston (1807- 1891) and Beauregard are victorious against the Union troops under General Irvin McDowell (1818- 1885). Confederate General Thomas Jonathan Jackson (1824- 1863) and his brigade receive the nickname "Stonewall." 25 July U.S. General George Brinton McClellan ( 1826- 1885) becomes the commander of the Union Army of the Potomac and shortly thereafter becomes supreme commander of all Union troops. JO August Battle at Wilson's Creek, Missouri: Victory of the Confederate troops. Confederate General Benjamin McCulloch (1811 - 1862) defeats U.S. General Nathaniel Lyon ( 1818- 1861) who is killed. 1862 The Union Navy seals off the coast of the Southern States. Union troops under General Ulysses S. Grant ( 1822- 1885) successfully invade Tennessee. 19January Battle at Logan's Crossroads (Mills Spring), Kentucky: Confederate General Felix K. Zollicoffer is killed. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/sahs_review/vol51/iss2/6 2 et al.: Chronology of the Civil War Including Names of Killed, Wounded, a 30 The Swiss in the American Civil War 12- 16 February General Grant besieges Fort Donelson, Tennessee. It is "unconditionally" surrendered by General Simon B. Buckner (1823- 1914). 9 March Maritime encounter at Hampton Roads, Virginia, between the ironclad C.S.S. Virginia (the former frigate U.S.S. Merrimack) against the iron­ hulled steamship U.S.S. Monitor with a revolving turret. 6/ 7 April Battle at Shiloh (Pittsburgh Landing), Tennessee: The Union Army under the command of General Grant repels the Confederate troops under General Albert S. Johnston (1803- 1862), who is killed. U.S. Captain Adolphus Studer is wounded and Lieutenant Colonel Augustus Louis Chetlain is also seriously wounded. 26 April U.S. Admiral David G. Farragut (1801 - 1870) occupies New Orleans. 4/5 May Battle at Williamsburg, Virginia: U.S. General McClellan is victorious over General Joseph E. Johnston. U.S. Second Lieutenant John Jacob Fritschy Jr. is killed and his father, Captain John Jacob Fritschy Sr., is wounded. May U.S. General Nathaniel P. Banks (1816- 1894) leads the Union troops in Virginia. He occupies Winchester. He also leads Union troops in Louisiana from1862 to 1864. 30. May U.S. General Halleck (1815- 1872) occupies Corinth, Miss., and is the overall commander of the Union Army from July 1862 to March 1864. 31 May/ 1 June Battle at Fair Oaks (Seven Pines) at the river Chickahominy River in Virginia and is a victory for U.S. General McClellan. Confederate Army under C.S. General Joseph E. Johnston retreats. Confederate Sergeant Henry Wirz is injured by shell fragment. Published by BYU ScholarsArchive, 3 Swiss American Historical Society Review, Vol. 51 [], No. 2, Art. 6 June 2015 SAHS Review 31 8.June Battle at Cross Keys (Union Church) in Virginia; Confederate General Richard Stoddert Ewell (1817- 1872) defeats U.S. General John Charles Fremont (1813- 1880). U.S. First Lieutenant Albert Jordan is killed. 9June Battle at Port Republic in Virginia: General Jackson is victorious over U.S. General Fremont. 2 5 June- ] July Seven Days Battles in the Peninsular Campaign in Virginia: Attack of General McClellan on Richmond repelled by General Lee and Union forces retreat. 29-30 August Second battle at river Bull Run (Manassas) in Virginia; General Lee defeats U.S. General John Pope (1822- 1892). 12-15 September Battle at Harper's Ferry in Virginia (after 1863 part of West Virginia): Confederate General Jackson defeats U.S. Colonel Dixon S. Miles ( 1804- 1862) who is killed. U.S. Second Lieutenant Emil Joirin is captured. 17 September Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg) in Maryland. U.S. General McClellan faces General Lee. This is the most costly battle of the war with 3,654 soldiers killed on both sides. The battle ends in a draw, but the retreat of the Confederate troops signifies a turning point of the war in favor of the North. 22 September President Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation. It declares all slaves in the "rebellious" territories to be free on I January 1863. Lincoln had proposed issuing it in July 1862, but Secretary of State William Henry Seward (1801 - 1872) advises delay until it could be proclaimed in connection with a military victory. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/sahs_review/vol51/iss2/6 4 et al.: Chronology of the Civil War Including Names of Killed, Wounded, a 32 The Swiss in the American Civil War 8 October Battle at Perryville in Kentucky: U.S. General Don Carlos Buell (1818- 1898) defeats General Braxton Bragg ( 1817- 1876). 13 December Battle at Fredericksburg, Virginia: General Lee defeats the Army of the Potomac under U.S. General Ambrose E. Burnside ( 1824- I 88 l ). U.S. First Lieutenant Felix Hirt is killed in battle. 31 December Battle at Stones River (Murfreesboro) in Tennessee begins: U.S. General William S. Rosecrans (1919- 1898) faces General Braxton Bragg. U.S. Captain Jacob Leupp is seriously wounded. 1863 2 January Battle of Stones River (Murfreesboro) resumes with large casualties. 1- 4 May Battle at Chancellorsville ,Virginia. Victory of General Lee over the Army of the Potomac under the command of General Joseph Hooker (1814- 1879). Confederate General Stonewall Jackson is seriously wounded by friendly fire and dies on IO May, a serious loss for the Confederacy. U.S. Captain Samuel Surbrug is captured. U.S. First Lieutenant John Spoerry is fined for cowardice in the face of the enemy. June The Confederate Army invades Pennsylvania and threatens the Union capital of Washington, D.C. Published by BYU ScholarsArchive, 5 Swiss American Historical Society Review, Vol. 51 [], No. 2, Art. 6 June 2015 SAHS Review 33 1-3 July Battle at Gettysburg: After heavy fighting the Army of the Potomac commanded by General George Meade ( 1815-1872) defeats the Confederate Army under General Lee and retreats. Confederate General John D. lmboden's Mounted Brigade covers the retreat of the Confederate troops. U.S. Captain Louis Muller is killed, U.S. Captains John Fellmann and John Spoerry are severely wounded and First Lieutenant Laubli is also wounded. U.S. Captain Emil Frey and his cousin U.S. Corporal Theodore Chatoney are captured, Frey is sent to Libby pnson 111 Richmond, Virginia, and Chatoney to Andersonville, Georgia. 4July Besieged by General Grant since 18 May 1863, Confederate forces under General John C. Pemberton (1814-1881) at Vicksburg, Mississippi, surrender. Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas are cut off from the Confederacy. U.S. Brevet Brigadier General Hermann Lieb is seriously wounded. 9July U.S. Nathaniel P. Banks (1816- 1894) takes the port city Port Hudson in Louisiana, which has been besieged since 26 May, and defended by Confederate General Franklin Gardner ( 1823- 1873). 19/20 September Battle at Chickamauga in Georgia: Confederate General Bragg defeats Generals George H. Thomas (1816- 1870), "Rock of Chickamauga", and William S.
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