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Phase I Archaeological Survey Along KY 111 in Bath County, Kentucky

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Phase I Archaeological Survey Along KY 111 in Bath County, Kentucky PHASE I ARCHAEOLOGICAL By: SURVEY AHEAD OF THE J. David McBride, MA, RPA RECONSTRUCTION OF KY Dona R. Daugherty 111 – WYOMING ROAD, Submitted by: CDM Smith BATH COUNTY, 2525 Harrodsburg Rd. Suite 200 KENTUCKY Lexington, KY 40504 Prepared for: KYTC ITEM # 9-193.00 KY Transportation Cabinet Division of Environmental Analysis Transportation Cabinet 200 Mero Street, 5th Floor Frankfort, Kentucky 40622 Kentucky Office of State Archaeology Project Number: FY16-8655 Phase I Archaeological Survey ahead of the Reconstruction of KY 111 – Wyoming Road, Bath County, Kentucky KYTC Item Number # 9-193.00 Authored by J. David McBride, MA, RPA Dona R. Daugherty Submitted by CDM Smith 2525 Harrodsburg Rd., Suite 200 Lexington, KY 40504 Prepared for Client: Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) Division of Environmental Analysis Transportation Cabinet 200 Mero Street, 5th Floor Frankfort, Kentucky 40622 ________________________________________ J. David McBride, MA, RPA Principal Investigator: CDM Smith Contact: (859) 254-5759 Ext. 124 or [email protected] Lead Federal Agency: Federal Highways Administration Kentucky Office of State Archaeology Archaeological Project Number: FY16-8655 Archaeology Report March 2016 PRINTED ON ACID-FREE PAPER Abstract At the request of the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC), archaeologists from CDM Smith conducted a Phase I archaeological survey for reconstruction of KY 111 – Wyoming Road, in Bath County, Kentucky (Item Number 9-193.00). The area of potential effect (APE) consisted of 16 acres (6.5 ha) along KY 111. The APE was visited by a CDM Smith archaeology crew on November 24, 2015, at which time approximately 100 percent of the APE was either in pasture grasses or mowed lawns that offered zero ground surface visibility. The archaeological survey involved systematic shovel test excavation and visual inspection over the entire APE. Three previously unrecorded archaeological sites, 15Bh293-15Bh295, were identified within the project bounds. None of the sites qualified for nomination to the National Register under Criterion D and no further work is recommended. i Table of Contents.docx Table of Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................................................... i Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................................................. ii List of Figures.......................................................................................................................................................................... v List of Tables ......................................................................................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................................................... vii Section 1 - Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1 Project Sponsor and Regulatory Authority ........................................................................................................ 1-1 1.2 Purpose and Scope of Work ...................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 Project Location and Description ........................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.4 Area of Potential Effect (APE) .................................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.5 OSA Records Research ................................................................................................................................................ 1-1 1.6 Principal Investigator .................................................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.7 Field and Laboratory Crew ....................................................................................................................................... 1-5 1.7.1 Field Effort ........................................................................................................................................................... 1-5 1.7.2 Laboratory Effort .............................................................................................................................................. 1-5 1.8 Maps and Figures ........................................................................................................................................................... 1-5 1.9 Curation ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1-5 1.10 Summary of Investigations ..................................................................................................................................... 1-5 Section 2 - Environmental ............................................................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Physiography and Topography ............................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Geology ............................................................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.3 Hydrology ......................................................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.4 Soils ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.5 Cherts .................................................................................................................................................................................. 2-8 2.6 Prehistoric Climate Conditions................................................................................................................................ 2-8 2.7 Current Climate Conditions ...................................................................................................................................... 2-9 2.8 Prehistoric and Present Flora and Fauna ........................................................................................................... 2-9 2.9 Current Land Use ........................................................................................................................................................ 2-10 Section 3 - Cultural Context, Previous Investigation, and Summary of Known Sites .............................. 3-1 3.1 Prehistoric Period ......................................................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1.1 Paleoindian Period ........................................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1.2 Archaic Period .................................................................................................................................................... 3-3 3.1.2.1 The Early Archaic Period .................................................................................................................. 3-3 3.1.2.2 The Middle Archaic Period ............................................................................................................... 3-3 3.1.2.3 The Late Archaic Period .................................................................................................................... 3-4 3.1.3 Woodland Period .............................................................................................................................................. 3-6 3.1.3.1 Early Woodland ..................................................................................................................................... 3-6 3.1.3.2 Middle Woodland ................................................................................................................................. 3-7 3.1.3.3 Late Woodland ....................................................................................................................................... 3-8 3.1.4 Late Prehistoric Period ................................................................................................................................... 3-9 3.2 Historic Period ............................................................................................................................................................. 3-11 3.2.1 Exploration and Early Settlement (ca. 17th Century-1820) ....................................................... 3-11 3.2.2 Antebellum (1820-1861) ........................................................................................................................... 3-14 3.2.3 Postbellum Industrialization (1865-1914) .......................................................................................
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