KENTUCKY GREEN RIVER Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program DRAFT Programmatic Environmental Assessment U.S
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Photo Courtesy of Richie Kessler, The Nature Conservancy KENTUCKY GREEN RIVER Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program DRAFT Programmatic Environmental Assessment U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Service Agency August 2006 Abstract Mandated Action: The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Commodity Credit Corporation (USDA/CCC) and the Commonwealth of Kentucky have agreed to implement the Kentucky Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP), a component of the national Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). CREP is a voluntary program for agricultural landowners. USDA is authorized by the provisions of the Food Security Act of 1985, as amended (1985 Act) (16 U.S.C. 3830 et seq.), and its regulations at 7 CFR Part 1410. In accordance with the 1985 Act, USDA/CCC is seeking authorization to enroll lands into CREP through December 31, 2007. Type of Document: Programmatic Environmental Assessment Lead Federal Agency: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Service Agency For Further Information: Matthew Ponish Conservation and Environmental Programs Division U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Service Agency 1400 Independence Ave. S.W. Washington, DC 20250 202-720-6853 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.fsa.usda.gov/dafp/cepd/crep.htm ************************************************************************ The Kentucky Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program Programmatic Environmental Assessment has been prepared pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended (42 U.S.C. 4321-4347); the Council on Environmental Quality regulations (40 CFR Parts 1500-1508); USDA-Farm Service Agency draft environmental regulations (7 CFR Part 799.4, Subpart G); and USDA-Farm Service Agency 1-EQ, Revision 1, Environmental Quality Programs, dated November 19, 2004. ************************************************************************ Cover photo courtesy of Dr. Richie Kessler, The Nature Conservancy. A relatively undisturbed bend in the Green River winding through Hart County, Kentucky. 2 The Kentucky Green River CREP Partners Without the continued collaborative efforts of its Partners, the Kentucky Green River CREP and the sustainability of the Green River Watershed could not be accomplished— USDA Farm Service Agency USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service The Office of the Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky Kentucky General Assembly Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission Kentucky Soil and Water Conservation Commission Kentucky Division of Conservation Kentucky Division of Forestry Kentucky Division of Water Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources The Nature Conservancy National Park Service, Mammoth National Park Kentucky Soil and Water Conservation Districts U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Campbellsville University Western Kentucky University Draft PEA for Kentucky Green River CREP 3 KENTUCKY COUNTIES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Green River is the most biologically diverse and rich branch of the Ohio River system. The greatest aquatic diversity occurs in a 100-mile stretch of unhindered river that flows from the Green River Reservoir dam through Mammoth Cave National Park (NP), the world’s longest and most diverse cave systems in south-central Kentucky. This section of the Green River Watershed includes 917,197 acres in Adair, Barren, Edmonson, Green, Hart, Metcalfe, Russell and Taylor Counties, Kentucky. The USDA Farm Service Agency, as lead Federal agency for administering the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP), proposes improvements to the Kentucky Green River CREP that involve expanding the existing area by 28,904 acres to encompass a total of 946,101 acres. This proposed expansion would include all or parts of Allen, Butler, Edmonson, Grayson, Logan, Simpson and Warren Counties, and would add environmentally significant watersheds to encompass the entire Upper Green River Basin with the exception of the watersheds that lie above the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ reservoirs. The Kentucky Green River CREP was initially approved as a 100,000-acre and $110 million program, with the Federal government contributing $88 million, the Commonwealth of Kentucky contributing $17 million, and The Nature Conservancy contributing $5 million over 15 years.1 However, in Fiscal Year 2002, Congress shifted $490,000 to the Farmland Protection Program for a farm along Green River in the CREP area. This diversion of funds resulted in limiting the land available for the Green River CREP to 99,500 acres and it reduced the program’s funding to $109,510,000. Subsequently, USDA’s share was reduced to $87,510,000. With only 10,813.3 acres currently enrolled in the program, no change or increase in acreage for enrollment into the program above the 99,500 acres is proposed. The objectives of the Kentucky Green River CREP are to— • Reduce by 10 percent the amount of sediment, pesticides, and nutrients from agricultural sources entering the tributaries and mainstem of the Green River and Mammoth Cave system. This would be accomplished through the installation of BMPs designed for that purpose and other conservation practices designed to improve water quality, such as re- establishing riparian buffers around sinkholes and along high-priority streams; • Enhance habitat and populations of wildlife, including State and federally threatened and endangered species, species of special concern, and rare species, and measure success of this objective by reducing the need to list additional species as threatened and endangered; • Sustain and restore the composition, structure, and function of riparian corridors associated with the Green River and its tributaries, targeting 28,000 acres that include buffers around sinkholes; • Reconnect habitat types to restore the full range of the ecological system; • Establish buffers around sinkholes, targeting 1,000 high priority sinkholes; • Sustain and restore non-riparian wetlands, targeting 3,000 acres (riparian and non- riparian wetlands); • Protect and restore subterranean ecosystems; 1 USDA-Farm Service Agency. “Questions and Answers-Kentucky CREP.” Release No. 1653.01, p. 3, question 8. Draft PEA for Kentucky Green River CREP • Collect, store and analyze data to enhance planning for sustaining the health of the watershed; and • Develop an outreach program targeting all active agricultural producers in the area. The purpose of the proposed action is to provide protection to the Green River basin resources by including environmentally sensitive areas in the Upper Green River basin to preserve and protect the unique natural resources, especially the karst topography, that supports numerous threatened and endangered species and feeds the unique ecosystem of Mammoth Cave NP. Changes have been proposed to the Kentucky CREP that would implement a community-based approach to more effectively protect locally unique resources and provide better service to the local landowners. The proposed changes to the KY CREP are as follows: 1. The addition of 28,904 acres, which would include the Green River Watershed from Mammoth Cave National Park to the confluence with the Barren River, including the Barren River Watershed. This area encompasses 946,101 acres and includes land in Allen, Barren, Butler, Edmonson, Grayson, Logan, Simpson, and Warren Counties. This addition would place all of the Upper Green River Basin into the CREP with the exception of those areas above the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ reservoirs. 2. The addition of CP29-Marginal Pastureland Wildlife Habitat Buffer as a conservation practice. This practice was not originally included into this program, but was determined important to the protection of the region’s unique karst resources. 3. The flexibility to allow landowners to enroll entire marginal pastureland fields into conservation practices if a required percentage of the field meets eligibility requirements. This change was considered essential to protect the region’s sinkhole plain, a fragile and critical resource specific to this region. Under the current program, only sinkholes in cropped fields could be buffered. 4. The increase in the maximum buffer widths on select streams within the watershed. Currently, the mainstem of the Green River has a maximum buffer width of 1,000 feet that exceeds the 300-foot width provided for tributaries. The need for this action is to reduce runoff of sediments, nutrients, pesticides and pathogens from agricultural sources that are adversely affecting the health of the Green River system and threatening the integrity of the Mammoth Cave ecosystem and the region’s water resources. This programmatic environmental assessment (PEA) assesses two alternatives: (1) Alternative 1- No Action, which evaluates the current CREP program, its existing conditions, and its effects on the environment, and (2) Alternative 2-Expanded Kentucky Green River CREP, which assesses the effects of expanding the CREP area and other programmatic changes as described above. Alternative 2 is the agency’s preferred alternative and the environmentally preferred alternative. Both alternatives would allow up to a total of 99,500 acres to be enrolled in the program. A total of 88,686.7 acres remains eligible for enrollment into the program. In March 2006, FSA announced its intent to prepare a PEA of the Kentucky Green River CREP. Notices were placed in 17 local newspapers and letters were mailed to Federal, State and local agencies and organizations. Six comments were received from agencies and are summarized in Chapter 2 and