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The Battle of Glorieta Pass: a Shattered Dream. Teaching with Historic Places

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The Battle of Glorieta Pass: a Shattered Dream. Teaching with Historic Places DOCUMENT RESUME ED 466 432 SO 033 960 AUTHOR McBride, James; Reed, Judy TITLE The Battle of Glorieta Pass: A Shattered Dream. Teaching with Historic Places. INSTITUTION National Park Service (Dept. of Interior), Washington, DC. National Register of Historic Places. PUB DATE 2002-00-00 NOTE 34p.; Sponsored, in part, by the Cultural Resources Training Initiative and Parks as Classrooms programs of the National Park Service. AVAILABLE FROM Teaching with Historic Places, National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service, 1849 C Street, NW, Suite NC400, Washington, DC 20240. For full text: http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/91glorieta/91g1 orieta.htm. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Civil War (United States); Heritage Education; *Historic Sites; History Instruction; Intermediate Grades; Secondary Education; Social Studies; Student Educational Objectives; United States History IDENTIFIERS Confederate States of America; Manifest Destiny; National Register of Historic Places; Westward Movement (United States) ABSTRACT Henry Hopkins Sibley shared his nation's destiny of spanning the American continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Sibley's nation was the Confederate States of America, and Confederate President Jefferson Davis shared Sibley's vision of southern manifest destiny. President Davis authorized Sibley to raise volunteers for the Confederate Army of New Mexico, since Sibley's object was to conquer New Mexico and go on to Colorado and California. But the Confederate troops encountered major obstacles they had not foreseen, including cold weather and dry landscape, a distrustful Hispanic population, Apache warriors, and a determined, quickly assembled Union volunteer force. In Glorieta Pass (New Mexico), on March 28, 1862, the dream of a Confederate Western Empire ended. This lesson plan contains eight sections: (1) "About This Lesson"; (2) "Getting Started: Inquiry Question"; (3) "Setting the Stage: Historical Context"; (4) "Locating the Site: Maps" (Southwest United States in 1862); (5) "Determining the Facts: Readings" (Gettysburg of the West; A Soldier's Experience; Reports of the Battle of Glorieta Pass); (6) "Visual Evidence: Images" (Battles of Apache Canyon and Glorieta Pass; Fight at Pigeon's Ranch; Pigeon's Ranch, 1880; Glorieta Pass Battlefield Today); (7) "Putting It All Together: Activities" (Consider Life as a Soldier; Impact of the Confederate Invasion; War Memorials in the Local Community); and (8)"Supplementary Resources." The lesson can be used in U.S. history, social studies, and geography courses in units on westward expansion and the U.S. Civil War. (BT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. The National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places The Battle of Glorieta Pass: A Shattered Dream Teaching with Historic Places National Register of Historic Places National Park Service 1849 C. Street, N.W., Suite NC400 Washington, D.C. 20240 ), http://www.cr.n ps.gov/n r/twh p/www 1ps/lessons/91 g lorieta/91 glorieta.htm Cr) M 0 2002 A Program of the National Park Service's National Register of Historic Places U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) I This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. O Minor changes have been made to BEST COPY AVAILABLE improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) is a program of the National Register of Historic Places. The National Register is maintained by the National Park Service, U.S. Department of Interior, as the nations's official list of cultural resources significant in American history, architecture, archeology, engineering, and culture. TwHP is sponsored, in part, by the Cultural Resources Training Initiative and Parks as Classrooms programs of the National Park Service. This lesson is one in a series that brings the important stories of historic places into classrooms across the country. For more information, contact Teaching with Historic Places, National Register of Historic places, 1849 C Street, NW, Suite NC400, Washington, D.C. 20240, or visit the program's Web site at www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp. Teaching with Historic Places Lesson Plans The Battle of Glorieta Pass: A Shattered Dream peaceful ranch, once a stage stop on the Santa Fe Trail, rests in a circular valley clasped by steep mountains. Spanish conquistadors named these mountains Sangre de Cristo, "blood of Christ," but in 1862, it was the blood of warring brothers that bathed the land near Pigeon's Ranch. (Roy Anderson, artist; Courtesy of Pecos National Historical Park) This battle--the Battle of Glorieta Pass--represented the high water mark for a bold Confederate offensive into Union Territory on the western frontier. Here volunteers from Colorado clashed with tough Texans intent on conquering New Mexico. Victory here would be a necessary prelude to detaching the western states from the Union and expanding the Confederacy to the Pacific Ocean. Referred to as the "Gettysburg of the West" by many historians, this running battle along canyon and ridge fromMarch 26-28, 1862 culminated in the retreat back to Texas of the invading Confederate forces. Glorieta Pass was another great turning point in the Civil War, the battle that shattered the western dreams of the Confederate States of America. This lesson is based on the Glorieta units of the Pecos National Historical Park, among the thousands of properties listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Glorieta Pass Battlefield has been designated a National Historic Landmark. 4 1 Table of Contents About This Lesson Getting Started: Inquiry Question Setting the Stage: Historical Context Locating the Site: Maps 1. Southwest United States in 1862 Determining the Facts: Readings 1. The Gettysburg of the West 2. A Soldier's Experience 3. Reports of the Battle of Glorieta Pass Visual Evidence: Images 1. The Battles of Apache Canyon and Glorieta Pass 2. Fight at Pigeon's Ranch 3. Pigeon's Ranch, 1880 4. Glorieta Pass Battlefield Today Putting It All Together: Activities 1. Consider Life as a Soldier 2. Impact of the Confederate Invasion 3. War Memorials in the Local Community Supplementary Resources About This Lesson This lesson plan is based on the National Register of Historic Places registration file, "Glorieta Battlefield," and other sources. James McBride, a New Mexico historian, and Judy Reed, an archeologist and cultural resources manager at Pecos National Historical Park wrote The Battle of Glorieta Pass: A Shattered Dream. Jean West, education consultant, and the Teaching with Historic Places staff edited the lesson. TwHP is sponsored, in part, by the Cultural Resources Training Initiative and Parks as Classrooms programs of the National Park Service. This lesson is one in a series that brings the important stories of historic places into classrooms across the country. Where it fits into the curriculum Topics: This lesson can be used in American history, social studies, and geography courses in units on westward expansion and the Civil War. Time period: Mid 19th century See attached Relevant United States History Standards for Grades 5-12 Objectives for students 1) To examine and evaluate the importance of combat in the western (trans-Mississippi) theater during the Civil War. 2) To describe in general terms the movements of the two opposing armies that led to the clash of arms at the Battle of Glorieta Pass. 3) To analyze the motives, actions, and experiences of participants in the conflict from firsthand accounts. 4) To examine the local community for war memorials. Materials for students The materials listed below either can be used directly on the computer or can be printed out, photocopied, and distributed to students. 1) one map showing the Southwest United States in 1862; 2) three readings about the Battle of Glorieta Pass, including eyewitness accounts and copies of reports of the battle; 3 6 3) one drawing of the area of the bathes; 4) one painting of the fight at Pigeon's Ranch; 5) two photos of Pigeon's Ranch and the battlefield. Visiting the site The United States Congress designated the Glorieta Pass Battlefield as a National Battlefield and assigned its administration to Pecos National Historical Park. The battlefield is located off 1 -25 about 25 miles southeast of Santa Fe, New Mexico. The park is open daily from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. from Labor Day to Memorial Day and until 6 p.m. from Memorial Day to Labor Day. Tours and access to the battlefield are ranger-guided and available by reservation only.For more information, contact Pecos National Historical Park, P.O. Box 418, Pecos, New Mexico 87552, or visit the park's web site at http://www.nps.gov/peco/ 74 United States History Standards for Grades 5-12 The Battle of Glorieta Pass: A Shattered Dream relates to the following National Standards for History: Era 4: Expansion and Reform (1801-1861) Standard 1B- The student understands federal and state Indian policy and the strategies for survival forged by Native Americans. Standard 2E- The student understands the settlement of the West. Era 5: Civil War and Reconstruction (1850-1877) Standard 2A- The student understands how the resources of the Union and Confederacy affected the course of the war. Standard 2B- The student understands the social experience of the war on the battlefield and homefront. 0P 5 Getting Started Inquiry Question (Roy Anderson, artist; Courtesy of Pecos National Historical Park) When and in what region of the country might the battle represented here have taken place? 6 9 How to Use the Inquiry Question Begin each lesson by asking students to discuss possible answers to the inquiry question that accompanies the Getting Started image. To facilitate a whole class discussion, you may want to print the page and use it to make an overhead transparency.
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