WIHHHHW MM by July 17, 1956 A
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Mn A. STOLL 4,871 .Ji .m D. y d I 1 PL LF-LOCKING NUT HAVING A RADIALLY DEF‘ORMED THR 2,75 s1 w 7 9.t 4|9SP. EAD F, ION AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF‘ THE S AME g 3 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR A1176]. t Stall ‘ WIHHHHW MM BY July 17, 1956 A. STOLL 2,754,871 SELF-LOCK NUT VING A RADIALLY DEF‘ORMED THREAD Filed Sept. 4,PORTION 1952 MET FOR THE PRODUCTION OF‘ THE SAME 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 133?. E1. 22 w W '“i Jim /7 /// lNVENTQR/4 Albert 524011 ATTORNEY July 17, 1956 A. STOLL 2,754,871 SELF-LOCKING NUT HAVING A RADIALLY DEZFORMED THREAD PORTION AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF‘ THE SAME Filed Sept. 4, 195 2 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 TTJE ">113 28 C129 5 5 27 28 H" _ _ __ _ uglberfINVENTOR SéoZZ 2,754,871 United States Patent 0 "' ee Patented July 17, 1956 ii Figure 7 is an end elevation thereof; Figure 8 is a bolt with a nut threaded in position; ‘2,754,871 Figure 9 vis a section taken on the line 9-9 of Figure 8; Figure 10 is a still further magni?ed fragmentary sec SELF-LOCKINGFORMED THREAD NUT, HAVINGPORTION .A RADIALLYAND METHOD 5 tion taken on the line 10-10 of Figure 5; ‘ Figure 11 is a fragmentary section taken on the line FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THE SAME 11-11 of Figure 10; Albert Stoll, Detroit, Mich. Figure 12 is a side elevation of a jig for making a nut in accordance with my invention; Application September 4, 1952, Serial No. 307,775 10 Figure 13 is a staggered section taken on the line 3 Claims. (Cl. 151-21) 13-13 of Figure 12; _ Figure 14 is a face view of the tool taken looking in the direction of the arrows 14-14 of Figure 13; Figure 15 is a face view of the punch for making a This invention relates to the production of nuts and nut, in accordance with the embodiment illustrated in more particularly stop nuts, and still more particularly Figure 3; ‘ to a method for the production of self-locking nuts. Figure 16 is a plan view of a nut in accordance with ‘It is an object of my invention to provide in a not another embodiment of my invention; of the standard variety, whether of the regular,v ‘square, Figure 17 is a staggered sectional view taken on the hexagonal or other outer form, features which make 20 line 17-17 of Figure 16. these nuts self-locking employing the initial simple and lVlakin-g reference to the drawing I illustrate in Figures low-cost nut manufacturing procedure and tolerances to 1 and 2 an hexagonal nut 10 which, for present pur effect substantial economics. 7 poses,’ corresponds to the New Uni?ed (I950) and In its more speci?c phases, my invention is concerned American Standards as regards internal thread tolerances with an alteration of standard nuts or the class of stand; at its thread aperture 11, so that as an initial stock ards, insofar as internal thread tolerances are concerned, material the nut 10 of standard design is provided with known as Cl. 2-13 and Cl.3—B under the New Uni?ed a cylindrical standard nut thread. The walls 12 initially (1950) and American Standards, and constitutes all are ?nished ?at as in the standard nut and formed with metal, one-piece construction with self-locking features unifofm and ‘symmetrical ends 13, 14, by the usual which will not damage its mating screws; which may 30 arching chanipfer. be produced at a low cost; which may be used 'to effect With '[l‘lié type of nut thus provided, each alternate the bolted position with high speed power wrenches; wall 12a is indented at 15 in a medial and symmetrical which is symmetrical and may be started froineither position between the edges 13 and 14, to provide by end of the nut onto the male screw-threaded fastener; extrusion internal thread lock islands 16 which are which provides a seal against oil or gas leakage along 35 formed by partially shearing the metal 17. The exten the helical path of thread clearance, both at the minor sivene'ss of the indentation and the resultant island areas and major diameters as well as along the non-loaded and the magnitude of these areas will be ampli?ed as thread ?anks between assembled bolt and nut screw this description proceeds. threads of conventional design; which may be employed Reference is now made to Figure 11, showing in detail without danger of bolt thread galling and seizure and 40 the effect of the indentation by impact means hereafter which will retain its self-locking qualities when subjected described in which 18 indicates the load carrying nut to a large variety of vibration stresses in use. thread ?anks of the threads; 18a, shown in dotted lines, Still more particularly, by my invention I provide a is the position of the threads before distortion by the in-v one-piece, simple, low~cost, self-locking nut character denting procedure, the shaded area 17 along the edge 18b‘ ized by its symmetrical construction to permit free ?t representing the partially ‘sheared metal of the nut wall threading upon' a bolt from either end and providing and the ?anks of the threads after indentation are shown symmetrically arranged indentations or sealing islands at 19; the comparative displacement from the minor di characterized by a kind of threaded ?ank interference ameter of the main body of the threads which is effected between the internal and external mating threaded mem as shown at 24); as compared with the extended minor bers at the island areas, to provide between the nut and 50 diameter at the islands, which is indicated by 20a; the the bolt a circumferential oil and gas seal along the displacement or extrusion is shown by the extended dot helix of the threads and self-locking frictional ?t of the and dash lines to be the distance D1. magnitude resulting from indentations of a depth greater The extent of the extrusion to form the island or islands than the maximum thread ?ank clearance provided by 16 is calculated, in the preferred form, so that the spac the respective thread ?t tolerance between the nut and ing of unaltered threads between the island area or areas the bolt areas, while at the same time providing no of the internal screw threads is equal to or greater than interference between the nut thread minor diameter and the islands themselves. the bolt thread root diameter. With a nut as thus provided, it will be clear that it To attain these objects and such further objects as may be freely threaded upon the bolt 21 over the end ‘may appear herein or be hereinafter pointed out, I make 60 22 for the distance inwardly from the edges 13 or 14 as reference to the accompanying drawings, forming a part more clearly shown in Figure 6, without encountering any hereof, in which > abnormal frictional resistance or interference. As the end Figure 1 is a plan view showing a nut in accordance 22 encounters the areas de?ned by an island 16, the fric with my invention; tional resistance may be overcome by hand wrenches Figure 2 is a side elevation thereof; 65 as Well as by the employment of high speed power Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2, showing an wrenches currently employed in "assembly line production other embodiment of my invention; ‘ methods in the automotive ?eld. Figure 4 is a magni?ed section taken on the line 4-4 I have found that a helix seal may be obtained by the of Figure 2; “ magnitude of the indentation which will avoid metal Figure 5 is a section taken on the line 5-5 of Figure 4; 70 seizure and permit threaidng with high speed wrenches Figure 6 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a by employing what is hereafter de?ned as a “thread seal nut, partly threaded upon a bolt; _ ing‘” protrusion, which is intended in the claims to cover 2,754,871 3 4 the depth or amount of the thread ?ank interference be shown in Figures 16 and 17, secure a predetermined torque tween the internal and external mating thread members requirement by a reduction of the thickness of the nut at the island areas which is to be no greater than the wall before extruding, indenting or punching the islands maximum thread ?ank clearance provided by the respec therefrom. For this purpose, as shown in Figures 16 and tive thread ?t tolerances between the nut and bolt threads, 17, the nut may be formed substantially medially with While at the same time there shall be no interference an annular groove 23 to reduce the wall thickness before between the nut thread minor diameter and the bolt thread indenting the outer nut wall surface to form the thread root diameter, or more particularly, the pitch diameter of locking islands. the nut threads measured at the protrusion shall be smaller Likewise, wall thickness reduction may be secured by than the minimum pitch diameter of the screw thread of 10 drilling the spot for the indentation to leave a wall thick ness which, upon indentation and extrusion, will result the engaging bolt, but the resulting interference between in securing a predetermined torque requirement without the threads of the protrusion and the minimum diameter sacri?cing the elastic envelopment properties of the bands of the bolt threads shall not exceed 20% of the sum of the to each side of such areas.