(Actinidia Sp.) Genetic Resources
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Various Cultivars of Kiwi
J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (2016), 26(8), 1367–1374 http://dx.doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1603.03009 Research Article Review jmb Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Various Cultivars of Kiwi Berry (Actinidia arguta) on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells Xiangxue An1,2, Sang Gil Lee3, Hee Kang4, Ho Jin Heo5, Youn-Sup Cho6, and Dae-Ok Kim1,2* 1Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea 2Skin Biotechnology Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea 3Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA 4Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea 5Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea 6Fruit Research Institute, Jeollanam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Wando 59104, Republic of Korea Received: March 4, 2016 Revised: April 15, 2016 The present study evaluated the total phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as total Accepted: May 9, 2016 antioxidant capacity (TAC) of three cultivars of Actinidia arguta Planch. kiwi berries; cv. Mansoo (Mansoo), cv. Chiak (Chiak), and cv. Haeyeon (Haeyeon). In addition, the anti- inflammatory effects of the three cultivars of kiwi berries were investigated using a First published online lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. Mansoo had the May 9, 2016 highest total phenolic content and TAC among the three cultivars, whereas Chiak had the *Corresponding author highest total flavonoid content. The total antioxidant capacities of the kiwi berry extracts were Phone: +82-31-201-3796; more strongly correlated with total phenolic content than with total flavonoid content. -
ACTINIDIACEAE 1. ACTINIDIA Lindley, Nat. Syst. Bot., Ed. 2, 439
ACTINIDIACEAE 猕猴桃科 mi hou tao ke Li Jianqiang (李建强)1, Li Xinwei (李新伟)1; Djaja Djendoel Soejarto2 Trees, shrubs, or woody vines. Leaves alternate, simple, shortly or long petiolate, not stipulate. Flowers bisexual or unisexual or plants polygamous or functionally dioecious, usually fascicled, cymose, or paniculate. Sepals (2 or 3 or)5, imbricate, rarely valvate. Petals (4 or)5, sometimes more, imbricate. Stamens 10 to numerous, distinct or adnate to base of petals, hypogynous; anthers 2- celled, versatile, dehiscing by apical pores or longitudinally. Ovary superior, disk absent, locules and carpels 3–5 or more; placentation axile; ovules anatropous with a single integument, 10 or more per locule; styles as many as carpels, distinct or connate (then only one style), generally persistent. Fruit a berry or leathery capsule. Seeds not arillate, with usually large embryos and abundant endosperm. Three genera and ca. 357 species: Asia and the Americas; three genera (one endemic) and 66 species (52 endemic) in China. Economically, kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa) is an important fruit, which originated in central China and is especially common along the Yangtze River (well known as yang-tao). Now, it is widely cultivated throughout the world. For additional information see the paper by X. W. Li, J. Q. Li, and D. D. Soejarto (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 45: 633–660. 2007). Liang Chou-fen, Chen Yong-chang & Wang Yu-sheng. 1984. Actinidiaceae (excluding Sladenia). In: Feng Kuo-mei, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 49(2): 195–301, 309–334. 1a. Trees or shrubs; flowers bisexual or plants functionally dioecious .................................................................................. 3. Saurauia 1b. -
No Slide Title
Birds Netting is an effective Sunburn of Clusters way to protect against bird damage Usually caused by clusters suddenly Early sunburn becoming exposed to sun due to loss (or Late sunburn removal) of leaves during hot weather Kiwiberries & kiwifruit Kiwiberries Actinidia arguta • Adapted to most regions of Oregon • Cold hardy; does need protection from frost in spring • Fruit vine ripen • Small fruit with tropical flavor notes • Skin is edible • Separate male and female plants (except some self- fertility for ‘Issai’) • Prune using same methods as kiwifruit Kiwiberry cultivars “Fuzzy” Kiwifruit Actinidia deliciosa Hayward Issai Ananasnaya • Adapted to warmer regions of western Oregon • Vine needs 225 to 240 frost-free days • Only hardy to 10o F • Very late (doesn’t vine ripen) • Pick just before heavy fall frost Ken’s Red • Large fruit. Skin covered with brown “fuzz” • Good, sweet flavor when ripened • Prune using same methods as kiwiberries Unripe vine ripe Dr. Bernadine Strik, Oregon State University 31 Cordons and Canes Cane Trunk & head of vine • Cordons are permanent parts of the vine • Plants are naturally supporting spurs or vining and are ideally fruiting canes trained to a single • Two cordons per vine trunk Cordon common in all training Head • Kiwifruit vines live for a systems long time so the trunk • Canes are “one-year-old” can get very large in – shoots that grew last diameter Trunk year • The “head” of the vine • Buds will be evident on is at the top of the these one-year-old canes trunk • Canes are selected and Dormant -
Differential Regulation of the Anthocyanin Profile in Purple Kiwifruit
Peng et al. Horticulture Research (2019) 6:3 Horticulture Research DOI 10.1038/s41438-018-0076-4 www.nature.com/hortres ARTICLE Open Access Differential regulation of the anthocyanin profile in purple kiwifruit (Actinidia species) Yongyan Peng1,2,KuiLin-Wang2, Janine M. Cooney3, Tianchi Wang2, Richard V. Espley2 and Andrew C. Allan 1,2 Abstract Anthocyanins are a group of secondary metabolites that colour fruit and flowers orange, red, purple or blue depending on a number of factors, such as the basic structure, co-pigmentation, metal ion complexation and vacuolar pH. The biosynthesis of anthocyanin is regulated at the transcriptional level by a group of transcription factors, the MYB–bHLH–WD40 (MBW) complex. In this study, the purple colouration in several kiwifruit (Actinidia) species was identified and characterised as red cyanidin-based and blue delphinidin-based anthocyanins. The differential pigmentation in the skin and flesh can be attributed to the differential ratio of cyanidin and delphinidin derivatives accumulated in the total anthocyanin profile. The expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes chalcone synthase (CHS), flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (F3GT), flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H) and flavonoid 3′5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H) is crucial for anthocyanin accumulation. However, the balance of expression of the F3′H and F3′5′H genes appears responsible for the ratio of cyanidin and delphinidin derivatives, while a lack of CHS, F3GT and MYB110 expression is responsible for a lack of total anthocyanins. The transcriptional regulation of the F3′H and F3′5′H promoters by the R2R3 MYB transcription factor MYB110 is markedly different in tobacco transient assays. -
Techniques for Detecting Actinidia Resistance to Leafrollers
Horticultural Insects 51 TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTING ACTINIDIA RESISTANCE TO LEAFROLLERS C.E. MCKENNA1, S.J. DOBSON1 and P.G. CONNOLLY2 1HortResearch, No. 1 Rd., RD2, Te Puke, New Zealand 2HortResearch, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Hayward and Hort16A kiwifruit are susceptible to attack by the brownheaded leafroller (BHLR), Ctenopseustis obliquana, but the incidence and severity of damage to Hayward can be twice that of Hort16A. Three bioassay techniques were tested for their ability to detect differences in the relative susceptibility of the two kiwifruit cultivars to BHLR larvae. No differences were detected when larvae were reared on artificial diets containing Hayward or Hort16A plant material. Signifi cantly more larvae survived when reared on Hayward versus Hort16A leaf discs. Caging larvae onto leaves and fruit resulted in significantly more damage to Hayward compared with Hort16A. Measuring larval survival after 21 days on leaf discs, or the incidence and severity of damage caused by larvae caged on leaves or fruit, are both potential techniques for screening Actinidia plant material for resistance to leafrollers. Keywords: leafrollers, kiwifruit, host plant resistance, selection tools. INTRODUCTION Leafroller caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) are the most damaging pests of kiwifruit in New Zealand. At least six species of leafroller can be found on kiwifruit vines including the brownheaded leafrollers (BHLR), Ctenopseustis obliquana (Walker) and C. herana (Felder and Rogenhofer); the greenheaded leafrollers (GHLR), Planotortrix excessana (Walker) and P. octo Dugdale; the blacklyre leafroller (BLLR), Cnephasia jactatana (Walker); and the lightbrown apple moth (LBAM), Epiphyas postvittana (Walker). All species are endemic with the exception of LBAM. -
Hardy Kiwi (Actinidia Arguta, Actinidia Kolomikta) by Gary Micsky
Hardy kiwi (Actinidia arguta, Actinidia kolomikta) By Gary Micsky Hardy kiwi is a cousin of the brown fuzzy kiwi seen in most supermarkets today. Although not nearly as large as its relative, it does have some potential as a crop in the northeast. While there are concerns over cold hardiness of the shoots, experimentation by those willing to invest the time may yield promise. Athough the kiwi fruit, once referred to as the “Chinese gooseberry,” has been grown and collected from the wild for centuries in Asia, it only recently has become commonly available in the Western world. This hen’s-egg-sized fruit is covered with a brown fuzzy skin and has a melting green and very tasty pulp. This type of kiwi, which we can purchase readily from our grocery stores, can not be grown in Pennsylvania because of its cold tenderness and long growing season. A cousin of this kiwi, though, the hardy kiwi (Actinidia arguta, Actinidia kolomikta), is much more cold hardy than the plant of the commercially available fruit. It is the subject of considerable interest in our region due to its lovely flavor, relatively smooth (and edible) skin, “out of hand” eating size (about the size of a large grape), and its good shelf life. Although commercial plantings have been established in several locations in Pennsylvania, the growing of hardy kiwi remains an experiment. Hardy kiwis have some horticultural limitations that need to be addressed by the prospective grower. 1. Male and female flowers are born on different plants, so both males and females must be planted in roughly a 1:6 ratio of males to females. -
Collections Policy
Chicago Botanic Garden COLLECTIONS POLICY 1 Collections Policy July 2018 2 COLLECTIONS POLICY TABLE OF CONTENTS Mission Statement ................................................................................................................... 1 Intent of Collections Policy Document ..................................................................................... 1 Purpose of Collections .............................................................................................................. 1 Scope of Collections ................................................................................................................. 1 1) Display Plant Collections .......................................................................................... 2 Seasonal Display Collections ........................................................................... 2 Permanent Display Gardens ............................................................................ 2 Aquatic Garden ................................................................................... 2 Bonsai Collection ................................................................................. 3 Graham Bulb Garden .......................................................................... 3 Grunsfeld Children’s Growing Garden ................................................. 3 Circle Garden ....................................................................................... 3 Kleinman Family Cove ........................................................................ -
Actinidin Levels in Fruit of Actinidia Species and Some Actinidia Arguta Rootstock-Scion Combinations Stewart Boyes, Peter Striibi and Hinga Marsh
Lebensm.-Wiss_ u -Techno!., JO, 379-389 (1997) Actinidin Levels in Fruit of Actinidia Species and Some Actinidia arguta Rootstock-Scion Combinations Stewart Boyes, Peter Striibi and Hinga Marsh S. Boyes, P. Striibi: Food Science and Technology, The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd., Mt. Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Auckland (New Zealand) H. Marsh: Te Puke Research Centre, The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd., No. 1 Road, RD2, Te Puke (New Zealand) (Received May 20, 1996; accepted August I, 1996} Actinidin, the kiwifruit protease, was measured in the fruit of a number ofActinidia species during their growth, at harvest and during subsequent storage. Actlr::ldla deliciosa cv. Hayward (kiwifruit) fruit actinidin levels were compared to fmit levels measured in cutting-grown plants of species to be used as rootstocks, A arguta selections and some rootstock-scion combinations. The fruit showed a wide range of actin/din activities, which were influenced by the scion and rootstock genotype. Some trends were seen in rootstock-sdon combinations; rootstocks whose fruit had low actinfdin levels conferred low levels in the fruit of grafted scion species. Simllariy, high levels were seen in sdon fruit whose rootstock had high levels. There was a significant sdon influence in som1! combinations. The correlation between actinidin and protein levels suggested control at transcription. An SDS-PAGE gel showed that the density of the actin/din band correlated w/th the measured actin/din levels. The data suggested that variation in actfnidin activity was not due to endogenous inhibitor contTo/ or the presence of an inactive zymogen. -
Common Name Scientific Name Type Plant Family Native
Common name Scientific name Type Plant family Native region Location: Africa Rainforest Dragon Root Smilacina racemosa Herbaceous Liliaceae Oregon Native Fairy Wings Epimedium sp. Herbaceous Berberidaceae Garden Origin Golden Hakone Grass Hakonechloa macra 'Aureola' Herbaceous Poaceae Japan Heartleaf Bergenia Bergenia cordifolia Herbaceous Saxifragaceae N. Central Asia Inside Out Flower Vancouveria hexandra Herbaceous Berberidaceae Oregon Native Japanese Butterbur Petasites japonicus Herbaceous Asteraceae Japan Japanese Pachysandra Pachysandra terminalis Herbaceous Buxaceae Japan Lenten Rose Helleborus orientalis Herbaceous Ranunculaceae Greece, Asia Minor Sweet Woodruff Galium odoratum Herbaceous Rubiaceae Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia Sword Fern Polystichum munitum Herbaceous Dryopteridaceae Oregon Native David's Viburnum Viburnum davidii Shrub Caprifoliaceae Western China Evergreen Huckleberry Vaccinium ovatum Shrub Ericaceae Oregon Native Fragrant Honeysuckle Lonicera fragrantissima Shrub Caprifoliaceae Eastern China Glossy Abelia Abelia x grandiflora Shrub Caprifoliaceae Garden Origin Heavenly Bamboo Nandina domestica Shrub Berberidaceae Eastern Asia Himalayan Honeysuckle Leycesteria formosa Shrub Caprifoliaceae Himalaya, S.W. China Japanese Aralia Fatsia japonica Shrub Araliaceae Japan, Taiwan Japanese Aucuba Aucuba japonica Shrub Cornaceae Japan Kiwi Vine Actinidia chinensis Shrub Actinidiaceae China Laurustinus Viburnum tinus Shrub Caprifoliaceae Mediterranean Mexican Orange Choisya ternata Shrub Rutaceae Mexico Palmate Bamboo Sasa -
Thermally Induced Actinidine Production in Biological Samples Qingxing Shi, Yurong He, Jian Chen,* and Lihua Lu*
pubs.acs.org/JAFC Article Thermally Induced Actinidine Production in Biological Samples Qingxing Shi, Yurong He, Jian Chen,* and Lihua Lu* Cite This: https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02540 Read Online ACCESS Metrics & More Article Recommendations *sı Supporting Information ABSTRACT: Actinidine, a methylcyclopentane monoterpenoid pyridine alkaloid, has been found in many iridoid-rich plants and insect species. In a recent research on a well-known actinidine- and iridoid-producing ant species, Tapinoma melanocephalum (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), no actinidine was detected in its hexane extracts by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry analysis using a common sample injection method, but a significant amount of actinidine was detected when a solid injection technique with a thermal separation probe was used. This result led us to hypothesize that heat can induce the production of actinidine in iridoid-rich organisms. To test our hypothesis, the occurrence of actinidine was investigated in four iridoid-rich organisms under different sample preparation temperatures, including two ant species, T. melanocephalum and Iridomyrmex anceps Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and two plant species, Actinidia polygama Maxim (Ericales: Actinidiaceae) and Nepeta cataria L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae). Within a temperature range of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 °C, no actinidine was detected at 50 °C, but it appeared at temperatures above 100 °C for all four species. A positive relationship was observed between the heating temperature and actinidine production. The results indicate that actinidine could be generated at high temperatures. We also found that the presence of methylcyclopentane monoterpenoid iridoids (iridodials and nepetalactone) was needed for thermally induced actinidine production in all tested samples. -
Actinidia Deliciosa (Fuzzy Kiwifruit, Mangüeyo) Kiwi Grows on a Climbing Vigorous Fast Growing Vine
Actinidia deliciosa (Fuzzy Kiwifruit, mangüeyo) Kiwi grows on a climbing vigorous fast growing vine. The plant has a hairy large cordate leaf. Female and male plants are separate so for fruit production both have to planted for pollination. General the ratio is 1 male to every 5 female . The vine need special trellises , arbors or any other object to climb on. Many time they use an other tree as a trellis. In order to receive fruit the plant needs a minimum of 500 chilling hour. Landscape Information French Name: Kiwi, Groseille de Chine ﻛﻴﻮﻱ (ﻧﺒﺎﺕ) :Arabic Name Plant Type: Vine Origin: China Heat Zones: 7, 8, 9 Hardiness Zones: 7, 8, 9 Uses: Espalier, Edible, Facade, Trellis Size/Shape Growth Rate: Fast Tree Shape: Spreading Canopy Symmetry: Irregular Plant Image Canopy Density: Open Canopy Texture: Coarse Height at Maturity: 5 to 8 m Time to Ultimate Height: 5 to 10 Years Actinidia deliciosa (Fuzzy Kiwifruit, mangüeyo) Botanical Description Foliage Leaf Arrangement: Alternate Leaf Venation: Pinnate Leaf Persistance: Deciduous Leaf Type: Simple Leaf Blade: 5 - 10 cm Leaf Shape: Cordate Leaf Margins: Terminal Spine, Ciliate Leaf Textures: Hairy Leaf Scent: No Fragance Color(growing season): Green Color(changing season): Brown Flower Image Flower Flower Showiness: True Flower Size Range: 7 - 10 Flower Type: Solitary Flower Sexuality: Diecious (Monosexual) Flower Color: White Seasons: Spring, Summer Fruit Fruit Type: Berry Fruit Showiness: True Fruit Size Range: 7 - 10 Fruit Colors: Green, Brown Seasons: Spring, Summer Actinidia deliciosa -
Actinidia Deliciosa
Actinidia deliciosa Actinidia deliciosa, Fuzzy Kiwifruit or mangüeyo is a fruiting vine native to southern China, the fruit of which has been declared the national fruit of that country. Other species of Actinidia are also found in China and range east to Japan and north into southeastern Siberia. This species grows naturally at altitudes between 600 and 2,000 m. 1 Description and ecology Actinidia deliciosa is a vigorous, woody, twining vine or climbing shrub reaching 9 m.[1] The black-lyre leafroller moth (“Cnephasia” jactatana) is one of the few commercially significant pests of this plant. 1.1 Leaves Flower Male and female flowers appear on different plants (dioe- cious), and both sexes have to be planted in close prox- imity for fruit set. Bees are normally used by commercial orchards, although the more labour-intensive hand polli- nation is sometimes employed. Male flowers are gathered and processed to extract their pollen. This is then sprayed back on to the female flowers. 1.3 Fruits Main article: Kiwifruit The oblong fruits are up to 6.25 cm long. The russet- Foliage Its leaves are alternate, long-petioled, deciduous, oval to nearly circular, cordate at the base, and 7.5–12.5 cm long. Young leaves are coated with red hairs; mature leaves are dark-green and hairless on the upper surface, and downy- white with prominent, light-colored veins beneath.[1] 1.2 Flowers The flowers are fragrant, dioecious or unisexual, borne singly or in threes in the leaf axils, are five- to six-petalled, white at first, changing to buff-yellow, 2.5–5 cm broad, and both sexes have central tufts of many stamens, though those of the female flowers with no viable pollen.[1] The A kiwifruit cut in cross-section flowers also lack nectar.