DOCSLIB.ORG

CANADIAN WILDLIFE SPECIES at RISK October 2019

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
CANADIAN WILDLIFE SPECIES at RISK October 2019 CANADIAN WILDLIFE SPECIES AT RISK October 2019 Aussi disponible en français For information, please contact: COSEWIC Secretariat Canadian Wildlife Service Environment and Climate Change Canada 351 St. Joseph Blvd, 16th floor Gatineau, QC K1A 0H3 Tel.: (819) 953-3215 Fax: (819) 938-3984 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.COSEWIC.ca Courier address: 16th Floor, Place Vincent Massey, 351 St. Joseph Blvd., Gatineau, QC.J8Y 3Z5 This publication is updated annually and includes minor revisions to COSEWIC information that occur throughout the year. This publication can be cited as follows: COSEWIC. 2019. Canadian Wildlife Species at Risk. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Web site: https://www.canada.ca/en/environment- climate-change/services/species-risk-public-registry/cosewic-list-species-assessed.html [accessed 10 September 2019] COSEWIC Status Reports are available from the Species at Risk Act (SARA) Public Registry https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/species-risk-public-registry.html ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABOUT COSEWIC ................................................................................... 1 COSEWIC MANDATE ............................................................................. 1 COSEWIC MEMBERSHIP .......................................................................... 1 DEFINITIONS ...................................................................................... 1 SUMMARY TABLES .................................................................................. 2 Wildlife species designated in the "risk" and the Extinct categories, as well as the Not at Risk and Data Deficient categories ................................................... 2 Table 1a. Summary of COSEWIC’s assessment results for the “risk” categories (Extirpated, Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern) (799 wildlife species) and for the Extinct category (18 wildlife species). The results are up to and including the May 2019 meeting. ........... 2 Table 1b. Summary of COSEWIC’s assessment results for the “risk” categories (Extirpated, Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern) (790 wildlife species) and for the Extinct category (18 wildlife species). The results are up to and including the November 2018 meeting. .... 2 Table 2a. Summary of COSEWIC’s assessment results for the Not at Risk category. The results are up to and including the May 2019 meeting. ....................................................................... 3 Table 3a. Summary of COSEWIC’s assessment results for the Data Deficient category. The results are up to and including the May 2019 meeting. .................................................................................. 3 Table 2b. Summary of COSEWIC’s assessment results for the Not at Risk category. The results are up to and including the November 2018 meeting. ....................................................................... 3 Table 3b. Summary of COSEWIC’s assessment results for the Data Deficient category. The results are up to and including the November 2018 meeting. ....................................................................... 3 Results from the May 2019 and November 2018 COSEWIC meetings (Tables 4-5) ..... 4 Table 4a. May 2019 results by category and taxon. .................................. 4 Table 4b. November 2018 results by category and taxon............................ 4 Table 5a. May 2019 results by category and type of change. ....................... 5 Table 5b. November 2018 results by category and type of change. ............... 5 Explanation of wildlife species status terminology and symbols ......................... 5 COSEWIC ASSESSMENT RESULTS .................................................................. 6 Information used for assessment ............................................................. 6 iii Range of Occurrence ........................................................................... 6 About the Legal Listing of Wildlife Species Assessed by COSEWIC ....................... 7 Table 6. Wildlife species assessed and designated Extinct, with range of occurrence (by province, territory or ocean) and date of last assessment. The historical range of occurrence and the approximate date of disappearance are shown (18 wildlife species). ................ 8 Table 7. Wildlife species assessed and designated in a "risk category" (Extirpated, Endangered, Threatened or Special Concern) (799 wildlife species), with range of occurrence (by province, territory or ocean), and date of assessment. For Extirpated wildlife species, the historical range of occurrence and the approximate date of disappearance from Canada are shown. ................................ 10 Table 8. Wildlife species assessed by COSEWIC and found to be in the Not at Risk category, with range of occurrence (by province, territory or ocean) and date of last assessment (199 wildlife species). Note that wildlife species in the Not at Risk category will normally only be reassessed if new information suggests that the wildlife species is at risk (Extirpated, Endangered, Threatened or Special Concern), or Extinct . ...................................................................... 51 Table 9. Wildlife species considered by COSEWIC and placed in the Data Deficient category because of insufficient scientific information at the time of assessment. The range of occurrence (by province, territory or ocean) and date of last assessment are shown. Note that wildlife species in the Data Deficient category will normally only be reassessed if new information suggests that the wildlife species is at risk (Extirpated, Endangered, Threatened or Special Concern), or Extinct (59 wildlife species). ............................................. 62 RECORD OF REVIEWS OF CLASSIFICATION .................................................. 66 NAMES PREVIOUSLY USED BY COSEWIC AND SYNONYMS ................................ 114 iv ABOUT COSEWIC COSEWIC MANDATE The Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) assesses the national status of wild species, subspecies, varieties, or other designatable units that are considered to be at risk in Canada. Designations are made on native wildlife species including the following taxonomic groups: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, arthropods, molluscs, vascular plants, mosses, and lichens. COSEWIC MEMBERSHIP COSEWIC comprises members from each provincial and territorial government wildlife agency, four federal agencies (Canadian Wildlife Service, Parks Canada Agency, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, and the Canadian Museum of Nature), three non-government science members and the co-chairs of the species specialist and the Aboriginal Traditional Knowledge subcommittees. DEFINITIONS The following definitions are used by COSEWIC: Wildlife Species A species, subspecies, variety, or geographically or genetically distinct population of animal, plant or other organism, other than a bacterium or virus, that is wild by nature and it is either native to Canada or has extended its range into Canada without human intervention and has been present in Canada for at least 50 years. Extinct (X) A wildlife species that no longer exists. Extirpated (XT) A wildlife species no longer existing in the wild in Canada, but occurring elsewhere. Endangered (E) A wildlife species facing imminent extirpation or extinction. Threatened (T) A wildlife species likely to become endangered if limiting factors are not reversed. Special Concern (SC) * A wildlife species that may become a threatened or an endangered wildlife species because of a combination of biological characteristics and identified threats. Not at Risk (NAR) ** A wildlife species that has been evaluated and found to be not at risk of extinction given the current circumstances. Data Deficient (DD) ***A category that applies when the available information is insufficient (a) to resolve a wildlife species' eligibility for assessment or (b) to permit an assessment of the wildlife species' risk of extinction. ________________________ * Formerly described as "Vulnerable" from 1990 to 1999, or "Rare" prior to 1990. ** Formerly described as "Not In Any Category", or "No Designation Required." *** Formerly described as "Indeterminate" from 1994 to 1999 or "ISIBD" (insufficient scientific information on which to base a designation) prior to 1994. 1 SUMMARY TABLES Wildlife species designated in the "risk" and the Extinct categories, as well as the Not at Risk and Data Deficient categories Table 1a.Summary of COSEWIC’s assessment results for the “risk” categories (Extirpated, Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern) (799 wildlife species) and for the Extinct category (18 wildlife species). The results are up to and including the May 2019 meeting. TAXON EXTINCT EXTIRPATED ENDANGERED THREATENED SPECIAL CONCERN TOTALS Mammals 4 2 31 16 31 84 Birds 3 2 31 30 26 92 Reptiles 0 5 17 10 16 48 Amphibians 0 1 13 5 9 28 Fishes 9 2 79 54 58 202 Arthropods 0 4 43 8 16 71 Molluscs 1 2 20 5 13 41 Vascular Plants 0 3 106 49 49 207 Mosses 1 1 10 4 5 21 Lichens 0 0 6 8 9 23 Totals 18 22 356 189 232 817 Table 1b.Summary of COSEWIC’s assessment results for the “risk” categories (Extirpated, Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern) (790 wildlife species) and for the Extinct category (18 wildlife species). The results are up to and including the November 2018 meeting. TAXON EXTINCT EXTIRPATED ENDANGERED THREATENED SPECIAL CONCERN TOTALS Mammals 4 2 30 17 30 83 Birds 3 2 31 29 26
Load more

Recommended publications
  • OCR Document
    Abelmoschus-Allium 1 Abelmoschus manihot white-yellow to 2m 110 69 Agastache pallidiflora ssp neomexicana lavender-pink 2 Abies koreana yellow dwarf 50 x 20cm 161 45-75cm 258 3 Acaena myriophylla greenish 15-25cm 106 70 rugosa rose/violet to 120cm 253 4 sericea purple fls/silver lvs 6-25cm 62 242 71 rugosa 'Golden Jubilee' blue-purple/chartreuse lvs 100cm 236 5 Acantholimon araxanum pink 15-20cm 243 72 rugosa 'Honey Bee Blue' blue 60-90cm 130 6 armenum pink/white 10-20cm 233 73 rugosa 'Liquorice Blue' deep blue 60-75cm 130 7 capitatum pink 4-18cm 242 74 rupestris pink-orange 60cm 205 8 halophilum light pink 5-10cm 233 75 rupestris 'Apache Sunset' dp orange/rose purple 45-60cm 149 9 hohenackeri pink 5-10cm 243 76 Ageratum houstonianum white 30-80cm 227 10 kotschyi pink 5-10cm 67 77 Agoseris glauca yellow 5-60cm 67 11 litvinovii pale pink 5-15cm 242 78 grandiflora yellow 25-60cm 227 12 saxifragiforme deep pink 5-10cm 6 79 Agrimonia pilosa v pilosa yellow 30-120cm 256 13 sp white 5cm 6 80 Akebia quinata 'Variegata' cream marbled lvs to 12m 259 14 sp ex Ala Dag pink 5cm 6 81 Albuca humilis white/green 15cm 140 15 venustum pink 10-15cm 233 82 shawii yellow 30-45cm > 16 Acanthus hungaricus pink/mauve to 1.5m 56 83 sp ex JCA 15856 white/green 15cm 105 17 Acer griseum to 12m 229 84 Alcea rosea mix 2-3m 34 18 palmatum 'Sango-kaku' 6-7.5m 198 85 rosea pink 2-3m 238 19 palmatum v dissectum 'Crimson Queen' to 3m 149 86 rosea 'Nigra' dark maroon 1.5-2m 34 20 Achillea clavennae white to 25cm 51 87 rosea spp ficifolia yellow/orange to 2.25m 34 21 millefolium
    [Show full text]
  • Alma Mater Studiorum Università Degli Studi Di Bologna Pollination
    Alma Mater Studiorum Università degli studi di Bologna Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences Department of Experimental Evolutionary Biology PhD in Biodiversity and Evolution BIO/02 Pollination ecology and reproductive success in isolated populations of flowering plants: Primula apennina Widmer, Dictamnus albus L. and Convolvulus lineatus L. Candidate: Alessandro Fisogni PhD Coordinator: PhD Supervisor: Prof. Barbara Mantovani Marta Galloni, PhD Cycle XXIII 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction ................................................................................................7 1.1 Plant breeding systems ..................................................................................7 1.1.1 Distyly .......................................................................................................9 1.1.2 Resource allocation to sexual functions ..............................................10 1.2 Plant – pollinator interactions .......................................................................12 1.2.1 Floral rewards ........................................................................................12 1.2.2 Pollinators behaviour and insect-mediated geitonogamy ..................13 1.2.2 Pollen limitation and reproductive effort ..............................................14 1.3 Isolated populations, habitat fragmentation and demographic consequences ...........................................................................................................16 2. General purposes .....................................................................................19
    [Show full text]
  • Milo Mciver State Park
    Vegetation Inventory and Mapping of Milo McIver State Park Pacific Biodiversity Institute 2 Vegetation Inventory and Mapping of Milo McIver State Park Hans M. Smith IV [email protected] and Peter H. Morrison [email protected] June 2008 Pacific Biodiversity Institute P.O. Box 298 Winthrop, Washington 98862 509-996-2490 Recommended Citation Smith, H.M. IV, Morrison, P.H. 2008. Vegetation Inventory and Mapping of Milo McIver State Park. Pacific Biodiversity Institute, Winthrop, Washington. 68 p. Acknowledgements Sarah Schrock, Tobias Policha, and Stephanie Schroeder assisted with the field surveys for this project. Juliet Rhodes and Lin Kyan helped manage the large amount of data collected during these surveys. Photos were taken by Hans Smith and Sarah Schrock. Project Funding This project was completed under contract with the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department (Personal Services Contract #07-400). 3 Table of Contents Executive Summary.................................................................................................................... 5 Study Area................................................................................................................................... 7 Tasks and Methods .................................................................................................................... 8 Results....................................................................................................................................... 10 Historical Vegetation Patterns.................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sensitive Species That Are Not Listed Or Proposed Under the ESA Sorted By: Major Group, Subgroup, NS Sci
    Forest Service Sensitive Species that are not listed or proposed under the ESA Sorted by: Major Group, Subgroup, NS Sci. Name; Legend: Page 94 REGION 10 REGION 1 REGION 2 REGION 3 REGION 4 REGION 5 REGION 6 REGION 8 REGION 9 ALTERNATE NATURESERVE PRIMARY MAJOR SUB- U.S. N U.S. 2005 NATURESERVE SCIENTIFIC NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME(S) COMMON NAME GROUP GROUP G RANK RANK ESA C 9 Anahita punctulata Southeastern Wandering Spider Invertebrate Arachnid G4 NNR 9 Apochthonius indianensis A Pseudoscorpion Invertebrate Arachnid G1G2 N1N2 9 Apochthonius paucispinosus Dry Fork Valley Cave Invertebrate Arachnid G1 N1 Pseudoscorpion 9 Erebomaster flavescens A Cave Obligate Harvestman Invertebrate Arachnid G3G4 N3N4 9 Hesperochernes mirabilis Cave Psuedoscorpion Invertebrate Arachnid G5 N5 8 Hypochilus coylei A Cave Spider Invertebrate Arachnid G3? NNR 8 Hypochilus sheari A Lampshade Spider Invertebrate Arachnid G2G3 NNR 9 Kleptochthonius griseomanus An Indiana Cave Pseudoscorpion Invertebrate Arachnid G1 N1 8 Kleptochthonius orpheus Orpheus Cave Pseudoscorpion Invertebrate Arachnid G1 N1 9 Kleptochthonius packardi A Cave Obligate Pseudoscorpion Invertebrate Arachnid G2G3 N2N3 9 Nesticus carteri A Cave Spider Invertebrate Arachnid GNR NNR 8 Nesticus cooperi Lost Nantahala Cave Spider Invertebrate Arachnid G1 N1 8 Nesticus crosbyi A Cave Spider Invertebrate Arachnid G1? NNR 8 Nesticus mimus A Cave Spider Invertebrate Arachnid G2 NNR 8 Nesticus sheari A Cave Spider Invertebrate Arachnid G2? NNR 8 Nesticus silvanus A Cave Spider Invertebrate Arachnid G2? NNR
    [Show full text]
  • Millersylvania State Park
    Upper Cowlitz Area State Parks Management Plan Adopted April 29, 2010 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND CONTACTS The Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission gratefully acknowledges the many stakeholders and staff members who participated in public meetings, reviewed voluminous materials, and made this a better plan because of it. Upper Cowlitz Area State Parks Area Management Planning Team Pam Wilkins, Upper Cowlitz Area Manager Dan Hahn, Construction and Maintenance Project Lead Tom Fisher, Park Ranger 3 John Lipparelli, Park Ranger 3 John Jamieson, Park Ranger 3 Brad Muir, Park Ranger 2 Rueben Stewart, Park Ranger 2 Tina Lynch, Parks Interpretive Specialist Brayden Mitchell, Parks Interpretive Specialist Chris Pugh, Construction and Maintenance Apprentice Don Hoch, Southwest Region Director John Johns, Southwest Region Operations Manager Steve Brand, Southwest Region Operations Manager Terri Heikkila, Southwest - Parks Development Region Manager Lisa Lantz, Southwest Region Steward Michael Hankinson, Southwest Region Planner Ryan Karlson, Parks Planner Nata Hurst, Parks Development Administrative Assistant Alex McMurry, Historic Preservation Planner Plan Author Ryan Karlson Washington State Park and Recreation Commission 1111 Israel Road SW Tel: (360) 902-8500 P.O. Box 42650 Fax: (360) 753-1591 Olympia WA 98504-2650 TDD: (360) 664-3133 Commissioners: Roger Schmitt Lucinda Whaley Eliot Scull Joe Taller Joan Thomas Cecilia Vogt Fred Olson Rex Derr, Director Upper Cowlitz Area Management Plan Page 2 Upper Cowlitz Area Management Plan Page 4
    [Show full text]
  • Tall Bugbane (Actaea Elata) in Canada
    Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series Adopted under Section 44 of SARA Recovery Strategy for the Tall Bugbane (Actaea elata) in Canada Tall Bugbane 2017 1 Recommended citation: Environment and Climate Change Canada. 2017. Recovery Strategy for the Tall Bugbane (Actaea elata) in Canada. Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series. Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa. 2 parts, 15 pp. + 43 pp. For copies of the recovery strategy, or for additional information on species at risk, including the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) Status Reports, residence descriptions, action plans, and other related recovery documents, please visit the Species at Risk (SAR) Public Registry1. Cover illustration: ©Thomas N. Kaye Également disponible en français sous le titre « Programme de rétablissement de la cimicaire élevée (Actaea elata) au Canada » © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of Environment and Climate Change, 2017. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-0-660-07833-5 Catalogue no. En3-4/253-2017E-PDF Content (excluding the illustrations) may be used without permission, with appropriate credit to the source. 1 http://sararegistry.gc.ca/default.asp?lang=En&n=24F7211B-1 RECOVERY STRATEGY FOR THE TALL BUGBANE (Actaea elata) IN CANADA 2017 Under the Accord for the Protection of Species at Risk (1996), the federal, provincial, and territorial governments agreed to work together on legislation, programs, and policies to protect wildlife species at risk throughout Canada. In the spirit of cooperation of the Accord, the Government of British Columbia has given permission to the Government of Canada to adopt the Recovery Plan for the Tall Bugbane (Actaea elata var.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Rare Plant Monitoring Report
    School of Environmental and Forest Sciences College of the Environment Washington Rare Plant Care and Conservation Rare Plant Monitoring 2020 Annual Report SUMMARY Despite many challenges associated with conducting field work during a pandemic, Rare Care completed a successful season in 2020 monitoring rare plant populations across Washington State. The late start due to Governor’s Stay Home order resulted in fewer shrub steppe and early season species being monitored. In 2020, 65 volunteers participated in the rare plant monitoring program and completed 58 monitoring reports for sites across Washington State, mostly on public lands. Monitors found the target species at 55% of the sites. Five sites found by volunteers are potentially new occurrences for the Natural Heritage Program to track. A rare plant monitoring training was offered in Seattle in late February attended by 21 volunteers. Since the inception of the program in 2001, volunteers have contributed 2,353 monitoring reports and over 53,000 hours documenting the status of rare plant populations. INTRODUCTION This report summarizes the results of the2020 field season for the rare plant monitoring citizen science program. The project commenced in 2001 with the goal of monitoring known populations of rare native plants in Washington State. Washington Rare Plant Care and Conservation (Rare Care) partners with the Washington Natural Heritage Program (WNHP) in order update records on over 350 plant species that WNHP ranks as endangered, threatened, or sensitive to decline in Washington State. Many of the 3,500 occurrences of rare plants tracked by WNHP are visited very infrequently; therefore, land managers often do not have recent information to use when evaluating management activities and prioritizing conservation projects.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Analysis Methods and Results – Draft Final Document
    Appendix B: Detailed Methods The main text of this report, “Groundwater-Dependent Biodiversity and Associated Threats: A Statewide Screening Methodology and Spatial Assessment of Oregon,” is available online at http://conserveonline.org. Contents: I. OVERVIEW OF APPROACH: ...........................................................................................3 II. MAPPING GROUNDWATER-DEPENDENT ECOSYSTEMS AND SPECIES: ................3 A. SPRINGS: ....................................................................................................................3 1. Data sources: ............................................................................................................3 2. Mapping springs:.......................................................................................................4 3. Determining potential groundwater dependence:......................................................4 B. WETLANDS: ................................................................................................................4 1. Data used:.................................................................................................................4 2. Mapping wetlands: ....................................................................................................4 3. Determining potential groundwater dependence:......................................................5 C. RIVERS:.......................................................................................................................6 1. Data used:.................................................................................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • Urbanizing Flora of Portland, Oregon, 1806-2008
    URBANIZING FLORA OF PORTLAND, OREGON, 1806-2008 John A. Christy, Angela Kimpo, Vernon Marttala, Philip K. Gaddis, Nancy L. Christy Occasional Paper 3 of the Native Plant Society of Oregon 2009 Recommended citation: Christy, J.A., A. Kimpo, V. Marttala, P.K. Gaddis & N.L. Christy. 2009. Urbanizing flora of Portland, Oregon, 1806-2008. Native Plant Society of Oregon Occasional Paper 3: 1-319. © Native Plant Society of Oregon and John A. Christy Second printing with corrections and additions, December 2009 ISSN: 1523-8520 Design and layout: John A. Christy and Diane Bland. Printing by Lazerquick. Dedication This Occasional Paper is dedicated to the memory of Scott D. Sundberg, whose vision and perseverance in launching the Oregon Flora Project made our job immensely easier to complete. It is also dedicated to Martin W. Gorman, who compiled the first list of Portland's flora in 1916 and who inspired us to do it again 90 years later. Acknowledgments We wish to acknowledge all the botanists, past and present, who have collected in the Portland-Vancouver area and provided us the foundation for our study. We salute them and thank them for their efforts. We extend heartfelt thanks to the many people who helped make this project possible. Rhoda Love and the board of directors of the Native Plant Society of Oregon (NPSO) exhibited infinite patience over the 5-year life of this project. Rhoda Love (NPSO) secured the funds needed to print this Occasional Paper. Katy Weil (Metro) and Deborah Lev (City of Portland) obtained funding for a draft printing for their agencies in June 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • RHS Hanburyana Volume 1
    Hanburyana 1: 1-2 (2006) 1 Editorial It is not without a certain trepidation that anyone should embark on the publication of a new serial or journal in this age of electronic publication and a plethora of scientific publications for a seemingly ever-narrower audience. The inception of Hanburyana as a serial dedicated to horticultural taxonomy aims to fill a gap that has existed following the cessation of Baileya in the early 1990s. It also fills a need for the RHS with the discontinuation of the Extracts of the Proceedings of the RHS in 2004. The Extracts were the place of publication of the descriptions of plants that have received Awards (which forms the largest contribution to the present volume covering a 15 month period) and the list of standards deposited in the herbarium at Wisley (WSY). But another objective of the serial is to provide an outlet for more detailed accounts of nomenclatural decisions taken by the RHS’s Advisory Panel on Nomenclature and Taxonomy (APONAT) that appear in the RHS Plant Finder and in the Society’s horticultural databases. It is also hoped that future issues will contain contributions from the Society’s International Cultivar Registrars, where they would find it helpful to publish nomenclatural notes for their groups. The wider aim of the serial is to provide a forum for debate on the International Code of Nomenclature of Cultivated Plants, and a place of publication for proposals to amend the Code. In the present issue there is Chris Whitehouse’s paper on Article 19.18. Last, but by no means least, the serial will publish papers on the taxonomy of cultivated plants, mainly the shorter kind of contribution where there is a need to tidy up a problem that does not require a full account or revision.
    [Show full text]
  • TALL BUGBANE Cimicifuga Elata Original Prepared by Jenifer L
    TALL BUGBANE Cimicifuga elata Original prepared by Jenifer L. Penny Species Information British Columbia Only known from 10 sites near Chilliwack, Taxonomy British Columbia. Tall bugbane is in the Ranunculaceae (buttercup) Forest region and district family. It is one of six Cimicifuga species in North Coast: Chilliwack America. There are no recognized infraspecific taxa. The taxonomy of the Cimicifuga genus is currently Ecoprovince and ecosection under review and may be included under the genu COM: EPR, NWC Actaea, in which case tall bugbane would be referred to as Actaea elata. Biogeoclimatic units CWH: dm, ms1 Description Broad ecosystem units Perennial, large-leafed understorey plant that stands CD, FR 1–2 m tall. Stems are branched above and leaves are bi-ternate with 9–17, cordate to ovate, often palmate Elevation leaflets, which are usually three-lobed. This species 300–1300 m has a dark, tuberous, horizontal rhizome. The Life History inflorescence is a simple to compound raceme with 50–900 small, white, closely crowded flowers. Reproduction Individual flowers are radially symmetrical and Tall bugbane is a herbaceous long-lived perennial apetalous, and sepals are white or pinkish, falling off understorey plant. Young plants emerge in the at once. Fruits are follicles, 9–12 mm long, subsessile, spring, produce buds in late spring, and flower mid- appearing singly in the upper flowers, but in two’s, June to August. In experiments, Kaye and Kirkland and rarely, three’s on the lower raceme. Follicles each (1994) showed that seeds required cold-stratification contain approximately 10 red to purple-brown seeds. for germination and that percentage germination Distribution was low.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of the Carolinas and Virginia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- RANUNCULACEAE
    Flora of the Carolinas and Virginia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- RANUNCULACEAE RANUNCULACEAE de Jussieu 1789 (Buttercup Family) (also see HYDRASTIDACEAE) A family of about 62 genera and 2450 species, herbs, shrubs, and vines, primarily of temperate and boreal regions. References: Whittemore & Parfitt in FNA (1997); Keener (1977); Tamura in Kubitzki, Rohwer, & Bittrich (1993). 1 Plant a shrub or vine; leaves compound (or sometimes some to most of them simple in Clematis). 2 Leaves opposite, distributed along the usually branched, clambering stem; sepals 4, white to blue or purplish, 10-50 mm long; wood not yellow; [subfamily Ranunculoideae, tribe Anemoneae] ................................ Clematis 2 Leaves alternate, clustered together at the top of the usually unbranched, erect stem; sepals 5, maroon, 2-5 mm long; wood yellow; [subfamily Isopyroideae, tribe Coptideae]......................................... Xanthorhiza 1 Plant an herb; leaves compound or simple. 3 Leaves simple, sometimes deeply cleft or lobed into rounded or elongate segments. 4 Plants in flower. 5 Flowers bilaterally symmetrical, the upper sepal hooded or spurred; [subfamily Helleboroideae, tribe Delphinieae]. 6 Upper sepal hooded or helmet-shaped; petals hidden by the sepals; perianth blue or creamy white; stems weak, clambering, reclining, vining, or ascending in a curve . Aconitum 6 Upper sepal spurred; petals at least partly exserted from the sepals; perianth blue, pink, white, or greenish; stems strong, erect, normally straight . Delphinium 5 Flowers radially symmetrical, no perianth parts spurred or hooded (except the 5 sepals spurred in Myosurus). 7 Petals present, white or yellow, larger and more conspicuous than the sepals; sepals present, green; [in other words, with a second, green, less conspicuous perianth whorl below the largest and colored perianth whorl; note that Hepatica has a calyx-like involucre of 3 bracts subtending each flower]; [subfamily Ranunculoideae, tribe Ranunculeae].
    [Show full text]