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Geographic-Technologies-Applied-To 3 CIGPT - Centro de Informação Geográfica e Planeamento Territorial Universidade dos Açores Rua da Mãe de Deus 13A 9501-801 Ponta Delgada Portugal Scientific Editors Helena Calado Artur Gil Scientific Committee Agustín Lobo Aldino Campos Ana Cristina Costa Artur Gil Christopher Damon David Johnson Fátima Alves Fátima Navas Helena Calado Nicole Schaefer Jorge Gonçalves Peter August Rui Pedro Julião Graphic Design DDDD. Lda ISBN: 978-972-8612-64-1 August 2010 4 Sponsors 5 Editorial “The problems of ocean space are closely activities these uses can, sometimes, interrelated and need to be considered as coexist and be developed in different a whole” time schedules and levels (surface, water UNCLOS,1982 column…) and in some cases multiple uses are beneficial or complementary The introduction of the United Nations and others are exclusive. However, the Convention on the Law of the Sea magnitude and extent of their impacts (UNCLOS) from 1982 summarizes in a is very different from those on land. The sentence, most of the challenges that notion of competing (and even conflicting) Planners face when working on the spatial consuming marine uses and maritime space. The multidimensional activities lead to the development of character, the interrelations with fuzzy management and planning tools adapted borders, and mostly, the abysm of the to maritime space. unknown, transform the marine realm with a fantastic opportunity to be creative The definition presented on the “MSP in exploring new methods for the planning Good Practice” (UNESCO-IOC, 2008) of field. Marine Spatial Management is: “a public process of analyzing and allocating The sea has always been part of our the spatial and temporal distribution imaginary references and a structural part of human activities in marine areas to of our societies: first it was a barrier that achieve ecological, economic, and no one dare to cross, but also a food and social objectives that usually have salt supplier; then it challenged men to been specified through a political establish latitude, and mostly longitude, process. Characteristics of marine spatial in order to navigate and reduce distances planning include ecosystem-based, area- for trading; it kept the world apart until based, integrated, adaptive, strategic and the beginning of the nautical discoveries, participatory.” but gave us romances, poems, drawings and the most peculiar nautical charts… Marine Spatial Management can be and yet, we still know very little about considered as a more complex process then ocean space. land use planning, but it can profit from its technologies and methods. On a first The marine technologies are developing approach, its fundamental to understand faster, the remote observation systems the international regulations as those are more reliable, and yet we are not provided by UNCLOS, and the regional aware of the real ocean carrying capacity seas based organisation, conventions or the ecosystem limits to mitigate and treaties. Also the European Union negative impacts of land based human has developed several sectored policies activities. Coastal zones have already concerning marine resources. Therefore been understood as fragile and the law, rules and regulations, national and need for specific strategies and planning international, are the first base for Ocean tools defined. Now, it is time to move to zoning. maritime space: navigation, fisheries, recreation, oil and gas exploitation, The following step will require a strong marine protected areas, wind and wave scientific approach, as it must rely energy systems, archaeological sites, etc, on scientific quality data concerning the sea supports a growing number of resources and physical conditions of uses and activities. Similar to land based marine areas. The characterization 6 of the existing activities must not be For helping pursuing this goal and take considered the only basis for planning. another step to knowledge, also for their The resources, their value (economical contribution to Marine Spatial Planning and non economical) and also their development, we thank all those involved potential for exploitation are as valuable in this special issue! indicators for decision makers. This effort will require an integrated approach and Helena Calado a commom base for knowledge sharing. Geo technologies provide this platform. Spatial representation of maritime uses and activities, as well as resources distribution is a challenging theme. The geo references to different dimensions are more complex and still a developing subject. Looking at this book we can have a glimpse of this complexity by the different subjects that our authors provided: from administrative layers to marine bird areas, we have a world of spatial representations of marine sectors and themes. These papers present the base for marine spatial planning: the resources, the problems, the conflicts and the management guidelines to face them. Being sector based or thematically approach they will be fundamental to provide the ultimate piece that a marine spatial planner aims: the zoning map. Probably the first zoning map for Ocean Space, was produced with “Tordesilhas Treaty” were Portugal and Spain divided the world, in an imaginary line in the Ocean, to be discovered and colonies to be claimed. The world is far more complex now! But we know the world can not be divided, as also marine uses and activities. Management schemes, Zoning maps, conflict solving Rules, Codes of conduct, they all rely on the same basis: the human need to solve their problems, face their limitations and aim for a better, healthier and vibrant future for next generations. This path is made of several steps on integration, sharing, commitment and science based. 7 Foreword Perched upon the long, wavy spine we science constitutes the raw material for call the Middle Atlantic Ridge, barely the construction of our understanding visible on the map and easily overlooked of the dynamics of the systems, and amidst the blue of the depth charts, the it is in the realm of the geographical Azores islands are, nevertheless, the sciences that those bits are chewed, epitome of what science really becomes: digested, integrated. The outcome is integration. Minuscule specks of rock, rich, for it springs out of the most varied their roots, however, encroach deep contributions; the applications are, for in the grinding force of three tectonic that matter, many and enriching, for they plates: to understand the Azores-land touch a wide range of aspects intersecting we have to integrate the movements of the life of humans. Our efforts, though, half the world. Lost in the vastness of the have for quite a long time been skewed, ocean, they, however, split currents and when trying to fit nature to our needs; dictate the fate of streams: to understand fortunately, however, our endeavour has the Azores-sea we have to integrate the shifted toward our fitting in the natural long, coiling path of the Gulf Stream. framing surrounding us. Such a shift Whipped by roaring storms or caressed by in paradigm could hold the secret for cool breezes, they, however, master the our survival, by fostering sustainability influence of the winds over continents: through a well woven network of interests, to understand the Azores-air we have to always under the all-encompassing eye of integrate trade-winds and anticyclones. a global view. Only through integration And this is what this book on Geographic will this goal be achieved; hence the Technologies applied to Marine Spatial relevance of the continuous search for Planning and Integrated Coastal Zone more appropriate instruments and more Management” is all about: integration. adequate systematizations. Information from every quadrant of António M. de Frias Martins CIBIO Azores Unit Director & PI of Island Biogeography and Conservation Research Group Expectant beneficiary of your work 8 Book Chapters 10 SHALLOW HYDROTHERMAL VENTS AND MARINE PROTECTED AREAS WITHIN THE AZORES ARCHIPELAGO P. Aguiar & A.C. Costa SPATIAL ASSESSMENT AND IMPACT OF ARTISANAL FISHERIES’ ACTIVITY IN CAP DE 15 CREUS A. Purroy, S. Requena, R. Sardá, J.M. Gili & E. Serrão EMPIRICAL MODELLING OF BALEARIC SHEARWATER (Puffinus mauretanicus) CENSUS 23 DATA FOR THE PORTUGUESE ATLANTIC A.Bio, A.Meirinho, I. Ramírez & P. Geraldes 31 GIS-BASED MARINE BIODIVERSITY MAPPING FOR ASSESSMENT OF COASTAL AND MARINE PRIORITY AREAS FOR CONSERVATION A.Z. Botelho, H. Calado & A.C. Costa 38 SALMON FARMING IN CHILEAN PATAGONIA: A GROWING THREAT FOR COLD WATER CORALS? L. Fillinger, G. Försterra, V. Häussermann & C. Richter 46 BUILDING A MARINE SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE TO SUPPORT MARINE SPATIAL PLANNING IN U.S. WATERS C. Fowler, B. Smith & D. Stein 53 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) AS A TOOL FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE COASTAL AREA OF TAZACORTE, LA PALMA (CANARY ISLANDS, SPAIN) L.M. García, C. Sangil, L. Concepción, R.F. de León, J.B. Diez & I.Y.G. Rodríguez EVALUATION OF MODIS DATA FOR MAPPING OIL SLICKS - THE DEEPWATER HORIZON 61 OIL SPILL CASE (2010) M. Gianinetto, P. Maianti, R. Tortini, F. Rota Nodari & G. Lechi 68 SYSTEM APPROACH FOR COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT: APPLICATION IN SOUTHEAST COAST OF TERCEIRA ISLAND AND GUADIANA ESTUARY M.H. Guimarães, A. Mascarenhas, C. Sousa, T. Dentinho & T. Boski ANALYSIS OF EPI-BENTHOS DISTRIBUTION AND THEIR POSSIBLE ASSOCIATION TO 78 GARY KNOLL’S PINGO-LIKE-FEATURES ON THE CANADIAN BEAUFORT SHELF: A SMALL- SCALE CASE STUDY K. Jerosch, V.E. Kostylev & S.M. Blasco GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE 86 MANAGEMENT IN COLOMBIA: A NATIONAL EXPERIENCE P. Lozano-Rivera, C. García-Valencia & A.L. Rodríguez 94 GOVERNANCE ISSUES FOR OCEAN SUSTAINABILITY: APPROACH TO AZOREAN MARINE JURISDICTIONS L. Paramio 103 GIS APPLICATIONS IN MARINE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: EXAMPLES OF SPATIAL MANAGEMENT MEASURES FROM BERMUDA J.M. Pitt & M.L. Shailer 112 ASSESSMENT OF WATER-LOGGING EXTENT USING RS AND GIS TECHNIQUES AND ITS POSSIBLE REMEDIAL MEASURES AT THE KOPOTAKSHO BASIN AREA, BANGLADESH S. Rahman, S.H. Rahman & Md.W. Ullah 120 IDENTIFICATION OF MARINE IMPORTANT BIRD AREAS IN PORTUGAL I.
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