The Mystery of the Dark Universe

The mystery of the dark Universe Vahagn Gurzadyan Center for Cosmology and Astrophysics Main content of the Universe Views before 2000 stars astronomia After 2000 stars 0.5 % The Universe is dark! The content of the Universe PLANCK mission, 2015 The evolution of the content of the Universe Albert Einstein (1879-1955) 1916 General Relativity: Riemannian geometry Metric: 1917 cosmology: static model Cosmological constant geometry -- matter Einstein equations, 1916 Cosmological constant, 1917 Einstein (1930): “My biggest blunder“. Theoretical predictions of the expanding Universe Solutions of Einstein equations Alexander Friedmann 1922 Georges Lemaitre 1927 Edwin Hubble Hubble diagram 1929 Hubble law v = H D Hubble constant H=67 (km/s)/Mpc; (1pc=3 10^16 m) Planck mission 2015 Lemaitre 1927 Hubble 1929 Lemaitre-Hubble law (?) Hubble diagram for supernovae Big Bang 1946-1950 Universe was hot and dense Nucleosynthesis, light elements, He-4, D, He-3, Li-7; George Gamow ~10 sec - 20 min Predicted the cosmic microwave background radiation Gamow 1928, α-decay, quantum tunnel effect 1946-1950, Big Bang, cosmic nucleosynthesis 1950s, DNA coding via nucleotides (adenine, cytosine, thymine, guanine) Discovery of the Cosmic microwave background radiation Penzias, Wilson, 1965 nature: Dicke et al 1965 A. McKellar 1941 É. Le Roux 1955 The Nobel Prize in Physics Տիգրան Շմաոնով 1957 1978 Amplitude: 3.355 ± 0.008 mK V = 369 ± 0.9 kms−1 (ℓ, b) = (263◦ ± 0.14◦,48◦ ± 0.03◦), 1977 Energy spectrum of the cosmic microwave background: Planckian (black body) PLANCK, 2015 70 GHz, temperature map BOOMERanG, 1998, 2003 Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), 2001 PLANCK, 2009 Some parameters of the Universe Age - 13.8 Gyr curvature ≈ 0 ; flat Baryon matter - 4 % Dark energy - 69 % Dark matter - 27 % Cosmic microwave background - 380,000 after BB First stars - 200 mln years after BB Large scale survey of galaxies (136,304), voids. CMB Cold Spot, WMAP, Vielva et al 2004 l = 207.8°, b= −56.3°, 70 µK depth The Cold Spot, a non-Gaussian anomaly "the largest individual structure ever identified by humanity". High precision tests of General Relativity in space Lense-Thirring effect, 1918 Shift of satellite’s orbital plane in the field of rotating massive body (Earth) LAGEOS, LAGEOS-2, 10% LARES (LAser Relativity Satellite, ASI, ESA) Testing: 1% accuracy Launch: February 13, 2012, Kourou, French Guiana Light speed isotropy and Lorentz invariance violation test Inverse Compton scattering of 6 GeV electrons on laser monochromatic photons European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (GRAAL) in Grenoble ∆c/c < 1.0 10^(-14) current limit Dark energy - positive Ʌ 2nd law of thermodynamics Sir Roger Penrose Conformal cosmology Penrose tiling Quasi-crystals The mystery of the dark Universe is waiting its solution.

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The State of the Multiverse: the String Landscape, the Cosmological Constant, and the Arrow of Time
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