DOCSLIB.ORG

NAT URE March 24, 1956 Vol. 177 RALEIGH's ATTEMPTED

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
NAT URE March 24, 1956 Vol. 177 RALEIGH's ATTEMPTED 544 NAT URE March 24, 1956 voL. 177 RALEIGH'S ATTEMPTED The 1584 voyage located Roanoke Island, while G-renville's voyage of 1585 established a fort and COLONIZATION OF VIRGINIA colony on it. Lane was left with a garrison, expecting a relief ship and stores by Easter Roanoke Voyages 1584-1590 Raleigh to send The 1586. It did not come Ulltil late June, and by then the English voyages to Documents to illustrate Lane and the colonists had been taken off by Drake, Patent granted to Walter North America under the at their request. Grenville arrived with three by Prof. David Beers Quinn. Raleigh in 1584. Edited hundred men two weeks later to strengthen the Vol. 1: pp. xxxv+496. Vol. 2: pp. vi+497-1004. colony, but finding it deserted he left a holding party Second (Works issued by the Hakluyt Society. of only eighteen men, who were attacked by Indians Cambridge University Series, No. 104.) (London: and overcome. By such. a narrow margin did the Press, 1955.) 120s. net. fair enterprise of Raleigh's colonization of Virginia N these two most valuable and fascinating volumes fail to succeed: as Quinn notes, "the whole sequence I Prof. D. B. Quum has continued for the coloniza. of colonization was destroyed, inadvertently, by tion of Virginia under Raleigh what he had earlier Drake". The drawings by White and the maps completed for Sir Humphrey Gilbert's ventures in by White and Hariot, no less than their accurate New England and Newfoundland. Spain, through descriptions of the Indians and the flora ·and fauna, Columbus, discovered the Caribbean lands, and are historical documents of unique value. There are within fifty years or so her empire stretched from appendixes on the map of Virginia as it was explored California to Tierra del Fuego. Portugal, using in these expeditions, on Indian words and on the Vespucci, coasted Brazil and Argentina and began its archreology of the settlements. By 1950 the fort colonization in earnest by 1550. But England, which made in 1585 on Roanoke was completely recon­ through John Cabot had explored from Greenland structed by Harrington. Sources and indexes of to New England, made no attempt to establish a subjects, names and places complete a most compre­ colony in the New World. Tho Tudor monarchs hensive and brilliant study of this early venture in sensed, almost immediately, that such voyages the origins of the British Empire. Prof. Quinn and westward would not lead easily to Cathay and the the Hakluyt Society are to be warmly congratulated Spice Islands, and so, apart from the fisheries of on this absorbing and scholarly addition to their Newfoundland, English interest in the Americas famous series. ARTHUR DAVIES lapsed until 1578. Gilbert's warrant to establish colonies in North America lasted from 1578 until 1584, and thereafter Sir Walter Raleigh obtained the Queen's patent to do so, provided he did not interfere LUCUBRATORY BIOCHEMISTRY with the Newfoundland fisheries. Biochemistry Hakluyt published many of the main sources for Introductory Textbook. By Prof. Felix Hauro­ the voyages and colonization of Virginia undertaken An Pp. xvi+485. (New York: ,John Wiley and between 1584 and 1590. The documents in these witz. Inc. ; London : Chapman _and Hall, Ltd., two volumes include those of Hakluyt supplemented Sons, 54s. net. by many minor documents and new material and 1955.) interpretations derived from modern scholarship. CCORDING to the author, this text-book "is Vol. 1 includes seventy-three documents dealing with A designed to form the basis of a one-semester the 1585 and 1586 voyages, while Vol. 2 has thirty. course in biological chemistry intended for seniors four English documents on the 1587-90 voyages, and graduate students majoring in bacteriology, together with fifty-two Spanish documents, two of botany, chemistry, physiology, or zoology". After them published originally by Miss Wright, which deal an introductory chapter, in which the development with these English voyages to Roanoke Island in and scope of biochemistry, the fundamentals and Virginia. special fields of the subject, and the literature, are The introduction, of seventy-six pages, assesses the all discussed, chapters are devoted to water and its material, and at the beginning of each chapter a functions, the mechanism of biochemical reactions, narrative is given of the events and material in the the chemistry and metabolism of carbohydrates, documents. Footnotes and annotations are most proteins and lipids, nucleic acids, porphyrins, mineral liberal and reveal the thorough and rich scholarship metabolism, enzymes, energy balances and nutrition, of the editing. Prof. Quinn considers that during and human biochemistry. The balance of the book 1584-86 the English ventures were not over-publicized, is different from the sort of volume that is produced probably because of the danger of Spanish inter­ for medical students, and includes both structura.l ference. From 1587 onwards, relations with Spain and dynamic aspects of the subject. It incorporates were open war if not official war, and after the defeat, material on animal, plant and bacterial biochemistry. of the Armada there was no further fear of Spain. Since the book is meant for seniors and graduate The documents published by Hakluyt were in the students it would seem all the more important that nature of propaganda for the colony, and Quinn it should be accurate in detail, with an adequate believes that they suppressed some features of the discussion of the evidence on which the accepted expeditions to present the project in as attractive a ideas about metabolic processes are based. To pro­ light as possible. He also considers there is evidence duce a book for graduate students in a subject which to show that Raleigh and Grenville intended to is developing as rapidly as biochemistry advances establish a colony at about 36° N., which would be to-day is a problem to be faced by all careful writers sufficiently north of Florida to avoid Spanish attack with some alarm and with intense care for detail and yet close enough. to the West Indies to provide a form. Dr. Haurowitz's book reveals little evidence base for privateering. It is this potential role of the of his awareness of these needs. Although the book Virginia colony on Roanoke which led the Spaniards is meant for seniors, references to original publications to keep on searching to destroy it from 1590 until are not given in most inst!mces. Such references as 1600, unaware that it had been abandoned in 1590. are included are largely to books and to review © 1956 Nature Publishing Group.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Francis Bacon and the Transformation of Early-Modern Philosophy
    Francis Bacon and the Transformation of Early-Modern Philosophy STEPHEN GAUKROGER University of Sydney PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru, UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, ny 10011-4211, USA 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, vic 3166, Australia Ruiz de Alarcón 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cup.org © Cambridge University Press 2001 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2001 Printed in the United States of America Typeface New Baskerville 10.25/13 pt. System QuarkXPress® [mg] A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Gaukroger, Stephen. Francis Bacon and the transformation of early-modern philosophy / Stephen Gaukroger. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0 521 80154 0 – isbn 0 521 80536 8 (pbk.) 1. Bacon, Francis, 1561–1626. 2. Philosophy, Modern – History. I. Title. b1198 .g38 2001 192 – dc21 00–063097 isbn 0 521 80154 0 hardback isbn 0 521 80536 8 paperback Contents Acknowledgments page ix References to Bacon’s works xi Prologue 1 1 The nature of Bacon’s project 6 From arcane learning to public knowledge 6 A via media
    [Show full text]
  • Colonial Failure in the Anglo-North Atlantic World, 1570-1640 (2015)
    FINDLEY JR, JAMES WALTER, Ph.D. “Went to Build Castles in the Aire:” Colonial Failure in the Anglo-North Atlantic World, 1570-1640 (2015). Directed by Dr. Phyllis Whitman Hunter. 266pp. This study examines the early phases of Anglo-North American colonization from 1570 to 1640 by employing the lenses of imagination and failure. I argue that English colonial projectors envisioned a North America that existed primarily in their minds – a place filled with marketable and profitable commodities waiting to be extracted. I historicize the imagined profitability of commodities like fish and sassafras, and use the extreme example of the unicorn to highlight and contextualize the unlimited potential that America held in the minds of early-modern projectors. My research on colonial failure encompasses the failure of not just physical colonies, but also the failure to pursue profitable commodities, and the failure to develop successful theories of colonization. After roughly seventy years of experience in America, Anglo projectors reevaluated their modus operandi by studying and drawing lessons from past colonial failure. Projectors learned slowly and marginally, and in some cases, did not seem to learn anything at all. However, the lack of learning the right lessons did not diminish the importance of this early phase of colonization. By exploring the variety, impracticability, and failure of plans for early settlement, this study investigates the persistent search for usefulness of America by Anglo colonial projectors in the face of high rate of
    [Show full text]
  • England's Search for the Northern Passages in the Sixteenth And
    - ARCTIC VOL. 37, NO. 4 (DECEMBER 1984) P. 453472 England’s Search for the Northern Passages in the Sixteenth and. Early Seventeenth Centuries HELEN WALLIS* For persistence of effort in the. face of adversity no enterprise this waie .is of so grete.avantage over the other navigations in in thehistory of exploration wasmore remarkable than shorting of half the waie, for the other must.saileby grete cir- England’s search for the northern passages to the Far East. .cuites and compasses and .thes shal saile by streit wais and The inspiration for the search was the hope of sharing in the lines” (Taylor, 1932:182). The dangerous part of the.naviga- riches of oriental commerce. In the tropical.regions of the Far tion was reckoned.to .be the last 300 leagues .before reaching East were situated, Roger Barlow wrote in 1541, “the most the Pole and 300 leagues beyond it (Taylor, 1932:181). Once richest londes and ilondes in the the worlde, for all the golde, over the Polethe expedition would choose whetherto sail east- spices, aromatikes and pretiose stones” (Barlow, 1541: ward to the Orient by way of Tartary or westward “on the f”107-8; Taylor, 1932:182). England’s choice of route was backside ofall the new faund land” [NorthAmerica]. limited, however, by the prior discoveries of .Spain and Por- Thorne’s confident .opinion that“there is no lande inhabitable tugal, who by the Treatyof Tordesillas in 1494 had divided the [i.e. uninhabitable€, nor Sea innavigable” (in Hakluyt, 1582: world between them. With the “waie ofthe orient” and ‘The sig.DP) was a maxim (as Professor.Walter Raleigh (19O5:22) waie of the occydent” barred, it seemed that Providence had commented) “fit to be inscribed as a head-line on the charter especially reserved for England.
    [Show full text]
  • Master Mariners by John R
    HOME UNIVERSITY LIBRARY OF MODERN KNOWLEDGE MASTER MARINERS BY JOHN R. SPEARS LONDON WILLIAMS & NORGATE HENRY HOLT & Co., NEW YORK CANADA: WM. BRIGGS, TORONTO INDIA : R. & T. WASHBOURNE, LTD. HOME UNIVERSITY LIBRARY or MODERN KNOWLEDGE Editors : HERBERT FISHER, MJL, P.B.A. PROF. GILBERT MURRAY, D.UTT, LL.D., F.B.A, PROF. J. ARTHUR THOMSON, M.A. PROF. WILLIAM T. BREWS7ER, M.A, (COLUMBIA UXIVBRIITY, U.S.A.) NEW YORK HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY MASTER MARINERS BY JOHN R. SPEARS Author of 1 The American Merchant Marine," etc I PRINTED BY THE LONDON AND NORWICH PRESS, LIMITED LONDON AND NORWICH CONTENTS I WORK OF UNNAMED AND FORGOTTEN MARINERS ..... 7 II MARINERS OF THE DARK AGES ... 38 III THE OPENING UP OF THE ATLANTIC . 58 IV FROM COLUMBUS TO MAGELLAN . 85 V SHIFTING THE CENTRE OF MARITIME ENTER- PRISE 116 VI THE OPENING UP OF NORTH AMERICA . 142 VII WHEN THE DUTCH AND THE ENGLISH CLASHED 169 VIII WARS BETWEEN ENGLAND AND FRANCE . 195 IX FROM THE DAYS OF BOUGAINVILLE TO THE DEATH OF NELSON .... 212 X SOME LATTER-DAY MARINERS . 228 BIBLIOGRAPHY 253 INDEX 256 MASTER MARINERS CHAPTER I WORK OF UNNAMED AND FORGOTTEN MARINERS IN the long history of the Seven Seas, the story of the first really great voyage of which a record remains, is told with most unsatis- it fails to factory brevity ; even give the name of the heroic captain who led the expedition. Nevertheless, such details as we have are of interest. Niku (Necho), 110, who ruled Egypt from 610 to 594, B.C., determined to open a canal across the Isthmus of Suez to enable his Red Sea war fleet to co-operate readily with the one he maintained in the Mediterranean.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction English Worthies: the Age of Expansion Remembered 1
    Notes Introduction English Worthies: The Age of Expansion Remembered 1. Fuller, History of the Worthies of England (London, 1662), 318/Sss2v (pagination to both editions is unreliable; I have given page numbers where these seem useful, followed by signature). Subsequent citations to the two editions of Fuller’s work are given in the text as Worthies 1684 or Worthies 1662. 2. For copies of Hariot, I have consulted the online English Short Title Catalogue (ESTC) at http://estc.bl.uk (accessed July 2007). 3. I am indebted for these references to Matthew Day’s excellent thesis on Hakluyt, Richard Hakluyt’s Principal Navigations (1598–1600) and the Textuality of Tudor English Nationalism. (D. Phil., York, 2003). 4. Hakluyt’s 1589 collection included a brief account of the circumnavi- gation summarized from a manuscript no longer extant—these “Drake leaves,” 12 folio sides of black letter text, fall between pages 643 and 644 but are themselves unpaginated, an indication that they were added at some point after the rest of the volume had gone to press. The first full-length account of Drake’s epochal voyage in English, The World Encompassed, did not appear until 1628, several decades after Drake’s death. 5. Cal. S.P. For. 1584–85, 19:108. Harry Kelsey thinks the reference is to the circumnavigation of 1577–80 (Sir Francis Drake: The Queen’s Pirate [New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998], 178). Mary Frear Keeler believes the reference is to evolving plans for what became Drake’s voyage to the West Indies in 1585–86 (Sir Francis Drake’s West Indian Voyage.
    [Show full text]
  • GILBERT Lineage
    GILBERT NOTE: See Family Tree on the Compton Castle website and saved in Gilbert folder. Geoffrey Gilbert, MP B. 1298 Compton, Devon, England D. 1349 Compton, Devon, England Married Joan de Compton, heiress to Compton Estate (? Years) William Gilbert B. 1328 Compton, Devon, England D. 1380 Compton, Devon, England Married Elizabeth Champermowne (? Years) William Gilbert B. 1380 Compton, Devon, England D. 1428 Compton, Devon, England Married ?? and ? Years Otho Gilbert B. 1419 Compton, Devon, England D. 1493 Compton, Devon, England Married Elizabeth Hill (? Years) Thomas Gilbert B. 1450 (England D. 1529 Married Isabel Reyneward (? Years) Otho Gilbert B. 1513 Compton, Devon, England D. 1547 Compton, Devon, England Married Katherine Champermowne in 1531 who also married later Walter Raleigh making Humphrey Gilbert a nephew of Sir Walter. Children: Humphrey, Sir John, Adrian, Carew Raleigh (half brother), Walter Raleigh (half brother) Sir Humphrey Gilbert, MP B. 1539 Greenway, Devon, England D. 1583 at sea Married Anne Aucher Children (6 sons and 1 daughter): Sir John Gilbert II, Raleigh NOTE: See considerable information about Humphrey Gilbert, including his role in English discovery of Newfoundland and his death at sea. Raleigh Gilbert (9th grandfather) B.1575/7 (Compton, Devon, England) D. 1634 Married Elizabeth Kelly Elizabeth Kelley B. 1590 (Spreyton, Devon, England) D. Children: Humphrey, Ager (see Compton Castle Family Tree) NOTE: See information about Raleigh Gilbert and Popham Colony in Maine. Humphrey Gilbert B.1615/6 (Compton, Devon, England) D. February 13, 1658 (Ipswich, MA). Old Burying Ground (63 High Street & Rt. 133) Married Elizabeth in 1655 (Ipswich) Elizabeth Black B. 1625 or 32 (Ipswich, MA or Devonshire England) D.
    [Show full text]
  • John J. Mccloy Papers 1897-1989 (Bulk 1940-1979) Finding Aid MA.00035
    John J. McCloy Papers 1897-1989 (bulk 1940-1979) Finding Aid MA.00035 home | help | about | search Home >> Amherst College Archives & Special Collections >> John J. McCloy Papers 1897-1989 (bulk 1940-1979) Finding Aid MA.00035 John J. McCloy (AC 1916) Papers, 1897-1989 (Bulk: 1940-1979) 59.5 Linear feet (52 records cartons, 28 flat boxes, 1 scroll box, 2 map case drawers) Collection number: MA.00035 Abstract: The John J. McCloy Papers span the years 1897-1989, with the bulk of the material falling into the period 1940-1979. The roughly 60 linear feet of material cover the breadth of McCloy's activities, from lawyer to banker to government official to negotiator to behind-the-scenes adviser. The papers include working papers, correspondence, memoranda, speeches, scrapbooks, photographs, legal documents, printed material, and memorabilia. The collection includes very little personal or family-related material. Terms of Access and Use: Restrictions on access: In general, there is no restriction on access to the John J. McCloy Papers for research use. Selected items may be restricted to protect the privacy rights of individuals or for other legal reasons. Particularly fragile items may have been replaced with copies. Material from other collections, which may be found in the McCloy Papers, cannot be duplicated. Restrictions on use: All copyrights held by John J. McCloy or his heirs were transferred to Amherst College along with the papers. It is the responsibility of the researcher to identify and satisfy the holders of other copyrights. Requests for permission to publish material from the papers should be directed to the Archivist of the College.
    [Show full text]
  • English Colonial Stirrings, 1558-1603
    English Colonial Stirrings, 1558-1603 Topics of Discussion I. Two shifts in English Orientation II. Factors Driving English Colonial Efforts III. Putting Colonial Thought into Action IV. The Ideology of Colonization V. Methods of Establishing Colonies Elizabeth I English Colonial Stirrings, 1558-1603 I. Two shifts in English Orientation A. Domestic Issue: 1. Collapse of Antwerp wool market 2. Need for new markets. B. International Issue: 1. Shift from pro-Spanish to anti-Spanish foreign policy under Elizabeth I 2. Defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588. 3. Foreign policy driven by Protestantism. Armada Portrait English Colonial Stirrings, 1558-1603 II. Factors Driving English Colonial Efforts A. Rise of semi-piratical raiding 1. John Hawkins 2. Sir Francis Drake B. Rise of joint stock companies C. Search for a Northwest passage 1. Sir Humphrey Gilbert 2. Martin Frobisher Sir Francis Drake Discovered in 1545, Potosi remained the world’s largest silver mine until the late 17th century. From the nearby Port of Arica, the Spanish shipped out some 11,000 tons of silver between 1580 and 1626. Santiago, Cape Verde: Drake’s fleet left Plymouth on September 14, 1585, sailing down the Spanish coast and on to the town of Santiago in the Cape Verde Islands. On November 17th Drake looted and burned the town before crossing the Atlantic. Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic): On New Year’s Day 1586 Drake reached Santo Domingo on Hispaniola Island (present-day Haiti & Dominican Republic). He captured and plundered the town then demanded, and received, a ransom of 25,000 ducats. This image shows the English fleet in the bay, and the infantry battalions attacking the town.
    [Show full text]
  • David B. Quinn Papers
    David B. Quinn Papers A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 2004 Revised 2010 April Contact information: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mss.contact Additional search options available at: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms004012 LC Online Catalog record: http://lccn.loc.gov/mm88076435 Prepared by Margaret McAleer with the assistance of Patricia Craig and Patrick Kerwin Revised by Margaret McAleer with the assistance of Michael W. Giese Collection Summary Title: David B. Quinn Papers Span Dates: 1109-1994 Bulk Dates: (bulk 1935-1987) ID No.: MSS76435 Creator: Quinn, David B. Extent: 58,450 items ; 167 containers plus 5 oversize ; 70.6 linear feet ; 60 microfilm reels Language: Collection material in English Location: Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Summary: Historian. Correspondence, minutes, reports, appointment calendars, applications, autobiographical sketches, clippings, photographs, lectures, writings, and research material consisting of notes, transcriptions, and facsimiles of charters, chronicles, colonization tracts, court records, drawings, financial accounts, land records, maps, state papers, statutes, travel literature, and other papers and documents. Selected Search Terms The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the Library's online catalog. They are grouped by name of person or organization, by subject or location, and by occupation and listed alphabetically therein. People Andrews, Kenneth R.--Correspondence. Beckett, J. C. (James Camlin), 1912- --Correspondence. Canny, Nicholas P.--Correspondence. Cavendish, Thomas, 1560-1592. Drake, Francis, 1540?-1596. Edwards, R. Dudley (Robert Dudley), 1909- --Correspondence. Ellis, Steven G., 1950- --Correspondence.
    [Show full text]
  • ARCTIC Matters in EARLY AMERICA Christopher P
    ARCTIC MaTTERS IN EARLY AMERICA Christopher P. Heuer Arctic Matters in Early America On May 30, 1578, the English privateer Martin Frobisher (1539?– 1594) launched the last of three ill-fated voyages toward a northwest passage to Asia. His sixteen ships left Harwich one month later than planned, headed for eastern Greenland. Passage or no, Frobisher had a supplementary motive: he meant to mine and hoard a mysteri- ous ore previously discovered on an island off the far northern coast of the New World, matter which when assayed back in England was found to bear thick clusters of gold, or so it appeared.1 Four weeks into the trip, Frobisher’s fleet encountered a blinding storm of fog, snow, and ice, which sank one of the vessels immediately and damaged five others beyond repair. The surviving crafts soon became separated from one another. One of the expedition’s chroni- clers, a sailor named Thomas Ellis, described what happened next: “The storm increased, the ice enclosed us . so we could see neither land, nor Sea. The rigorousness of the tempest was such and the force of the ice so great that it raced the sides of the shippes. Thus we continued all that dismall and lamentable night plunged in this perplexitie, looking for instant death.”2 One more of the smaller ships would go on to sink entirely, and two others were put so far off course that they ended up backtracking for weeks. Several battered vessels were eventually able to make landfall near Baffin Island. They succeed- Frederic Edwin Church, Icebergs, July 1, 1859 ed in filling their holds with 1,370 tons of the curious ore, but not (detail, see fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Researching North America: Sir Humphrey Gilbert's 1583
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History History, Department of 5-2013 Researching North America: Sir Humphrey Gilbert’s 1583 Expedition and a Reexamination of Early Modern English Colonization in the North Atlantic World Nathan Probasco University of Nebraska-Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historydiss Part of the European History Commons, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, and the United States History Commons Probasco, Nathan, "Researching North America: Sir Humphrey Gilbert’s 1583 Expedition and a Reexamination of Early Modern English Colonization in the North Atlantic World" (2013). Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History. 56. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historydiss/56 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Researching North America: Sir Humphrey Gilbert’s 1583 Expedition and a Reexamination of Early Modern English Colonization in the North Atlantic World by Nathan J. Probasco A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Major: History Under the Supervision of Professor Carole B. Levin Lincoln, Nebraska May, 2013 Researching North America: Sir Humphrey Gilbert’s 1583 Expedition and a Reexamination of Early Modern English Colonization in the North Atlantic World Nathan J. Probasco, Ph.D. University of Nebraska, 2013 Advisor: Carole B.
    [Show full text]
  • Fort Raleigh National Historic Site: Preservation and Recognition, C
    CONTENTS Figure Credits iv List of Figures V Foreword vii Acknowledgements ix Introduction 1 Chapter One: The Roanoke Colonies and Fort Raleigh, c. 1584-1590 9 Associated Properties 28 Registration Requirements/Integrity 29 Contributing Resources 30 Potentially Eligible Archeological Resources 30 Chapter Two: The Settlement and Development of Roanoke Island, c. 1650-1900 31 Associated Properties 54 Registration Requirements/Integrity 55 Noncontributing Resources 57 Potentially Eligible Archeological Resources 57 Chapter Three: Fort Raleigh National Historic Site: Preservation and Recognition, c. 1860-1953 59 Associated Properties 91 Registration Requirements/Integrity 93 Contributing Resources 97 Noncontributing Resources 97 Potentially Eligible Archeological Resources 97 Management Recommendations 99 Bibliography 101 Appendix A: Descriptions of Historic Resources A-l Appendix B: Property Map/Historical Base Map B-l Appendix C: National Register Documentation C-1 Index D-l iii FIGURE CREDITS Cover, 15, 17, 22: courtesy of Harpers Ferry Center, National Park Service; pp. 10, 12, 13, 16, 23: Charles W. Porter III, Adventurers to a New World; pp. 22, 27: Theodore De Bry, Thomas Hariot’s Virginia; pp. 35,39,41: courtesy of the Outer Banks History Center, Manteo, NC; pp. 37, 38: Samuel H. Putnam, The Story of Company A, Twenty-Fifth Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteers, in the War of the Rebellion; p. 43: Vincent Colyer, Report of the Services Rendered by the Freed People to the United States Army, in North Carolina; pp. 44, 46, 47: Joe A. Mobley, James City, A Black Community in North Carolina, 1863-1900; pp. 55, 67, 81: S. Bulter for the National Park Service; pp. 61, 66, 78: William S.
    [Show full text]