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Characteristion of Human Malaria PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM

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Characteristion of Human Malaria PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM Characteristion of human malaria PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM All group erythrocytes Sequestration no hypnozoites pre-erythrocytic up to 30 000 erythrocytic schizogony (12-16 merozoites) sporogony (up to 20 000 sporozoites) 1 Knobs on Plasmodium falciparum-infecte erythrocyte 2 Plasmodium falciparum: Thin Blood Smears 3 Appearance of Plasmodium falciparum stages in Giemsa Stained Thin and Thick films 5 PLASMODIUM VIVAX 'benign' tertian malaria( most of the temperate zones) different parasite strains biological Base multinucleatum (China) appears to have a characteristic oocyst), P.v.hibernans(Russia) sporozoites produce only hypnozoites) molecular Base (differences in their genetic) make-up have been identified(P. vivax-like parasite) indistinguishable from the simian parasite(P. simiovale) 6 erythrocyte invasion to reticulocytes ( Duffy blood group) red blood cells infected sometimes as 'larger' than normal Caveolar (reddish cytoplasmic stippling or 'Schiiffner's dots( sporozoites mav transform into hypnozoit 7 Plasmodium vivax: Thin Blood Smears 1: Normal red cell 2-6: Young trophozoites(ring) 7-18: Trophozoites 9-27: Schizonts 28,29: Macrogametocytes 30: Microgametocyte 8 Appearance of Plasmodium vivax stages in Giemsa Stained Thin and Thick films PASMODIUM OVALE a species truly distinct from P.vivax morphological differences oval shape of infected RBC with ragged or fimbriated number of merozoites in schizont(15000) erythrocytic schizonts have 6-12 merozoites Band shapes often seen antigenic and molecular differences P ovale can infect Duffy-negative reticulocytes, 10 Plasmodium ovale: Thin Blood Smears 11 PASMODIUM MALARIAE slow development and its longer asexual cycle. slow in both the vector and the human host less efficient schizogory pre-erythrocytic schizonts have 6 000 merozoites, erythrocytic schizonts(enamel flowers with 6-12 merozoites) Ziemanns dots Band and oval trophozoite Abundant pigment 12 old erythrocytes infected cells are often small (absence of an invitro culture) presence of 'knobs(not cytoadherence and no sequestration) not any caveolar/vesicle complexes (Schiiffner‘s dots are absent) Not hypnozoites survive for a very long time in the peripheral blood 10 years or more at a very low level of parasitemia 13 Plasmodium malariae: Thin Blood Smears 14 Malaria – Thick Smear 15 P. Falciparum P. vivax P. malariae P. ovale young trophozoite schizonte gametocite 16 ERYTHROCYTES MC CR NC PM RC HJ PB PC Thin Film Thick Film NC = Normocytes, MC = Microcyte, PM = Polychromatic macrocyte, PC = Poikilocyte, PB = Punctate basophilia,CR = Cabot’s ring, HJ = Howell-Jolly bodies, RC = Reticular ‘clouds’ and chromatoid bodies in severe anaemia A - Cabot ring B - Howell-Jolly body LEUKOCYTES E N N E N L P L M P L M Thin Film Thick Film N = Neutrophil, E = Eosinophil, M = Monocyte, L = Lymphocyte, P = Platelets Artefacts that may cause confusion in diagnosis BLOOD ELEMENTS Clouds’ and chromatoid debris derived Isolated groups Blood platelets from immature erythrocytes in severe of eosinophilic Lymphocyte for anemia granules comparison of size BACTERIA SPORES VARIOUS SOURCES Dust particles Giemsa stain crystals Herring-bone Crystalline ‘pits’ in scratches in glass devitrified slide slide bird haemoproteids گامتوسيت در گلبول قرمس هسته دار leucocytozoid مروزوئيت وگامتوسيت گرد درRBC ومروزوئيت و گامتوسيت fusiform درگلبول هاي سفيد تك هسته اي ماﻻرياي پرندگان مروزوئيت وشيسونت و گامتوسيت در RBC )شيسوگوني خوني فقط در جنس پﻻسموديوم وجود دارد ( بازگشت به كبد وجود دارد پﻻسًودیوو برگو ای : گهبول قريس كوچك 5-6 ييكروٌ سيکم 24 ساعتو روی يوش ،شيسونت کًتر 8 عذد يروزوئيت ؛فاقذ دانو ىای استيپهينگ ، رینگ ىاي درشت گايتو سيت گرد و رنگذانو آٌ در تًاو قسًت ىا پراکنذه است و دارای عود است پﻻسًودیوو نانسي: سيكم 24 ساعتو يراحم اونيو شبيو فانسيپارو ويراحم بعذي شبيو ياﻻریو تشخيص ايكاٌ نذارد انذازه گهبول بذوٌ تغيير شيسونت 10-8 يروزوئيت ،روزتي شكم وپيگًاٌ انبوه در يركس پﻻسًودیوو ياﻻریو )72 ساعتو( تروفوزوئيت بانذ فرو شایع ، دانو ىاي زیًنس در رنگ آييسي يعًوني رنگ نًي گيرد و سيتوپﻻسى بي رنگ و ىيچ نقطو اي دیذه نًي شود انگم در تًاو يراحم فشرده است و واكوئم كوچك است گهبول كوچك يي شود ،شيسونت گم يينائي 12-16 يروزوئيت با تعذاد زیاد پﻻسًودیوو اوانو 48 ساعتو دانو ىاي جيًس درشت تر و تيره تر از شوفنر 12 درصذ سهول ىا تخى يرغي ىستنذ و گروه comet cell شبيو ستاره دنبانو دار ىستنذ یاfimbriated edges شيسونت 12-16 و يعًوﻻ 8 يروزوئيت Order Haemosporida Family Haemoproteidae Genus Haemoproteus Subgenus Parahaemoproteus Subgenus Haemoproteus Family Plasmodiidae Genus Plasmodium Subgenus Haemamoeba Subgenus Giovannolaia Subgenus Novyella Subgenus Bennettinia Subgenus Huffia Family Garniidae Genus Fallisia Subgenus Plasmodioides Family Leucocytozoidae Genus Leucocytozoon Subgenus Leucocytozoon Subgenus Akiba macro micro.
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