DOCSLIB.ORG

Art and Water Research Laboratory

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Art and Water Research Laboratory Art and Water Research Laboratory ésam Caen/Cherbourg December — 2013 Contents Art and Water Research Laboratory 3 4 Foreword 7 The relationship between art and water as a subject for research 11 Territories & Landscapes 15 Matter & Material 19 Movement & Travel 23 Team members 26 Credits Foreword Art and Water Research Laboratory 4 Foreword Éric Lengereau Director The Art and Water Laboratory is a research unit at the école supérieure d’arts & médias de Caen/ Cherbourg. It affiliates scientific and artistic skills and methods with the aim of creating projects that investigate the relationship between art and water. Foreword Art and Water Research Laboratory 5 The laboratory is organised around a a subject for artistic research when it collective project that encourages pioneering is anthropologically linked to the material. intellectual production at the crossroads This suggests that numerous prospects and of knowledge and creativity. The work of this opportunities lie ahead for the Art and Water research unit is by definition interdisciplinary. Laboratory. The following pages will show It is in harmony with the concerns of that the three chosen directions of research contemporary creation as it relates to the are at once inviting and stimulating. All socioeconomic and cultural realities of art, projects are conceived and realised by team in immediate contact with works of art and members, in collaboration with experienced their production. and skilled external contributors from other disciplines. The new research unit is by Water is a quotidian material as well as necessity associated with the school’s study a source of dreams, as Bachelard so subtly program, as many of the team members are puts it in his essay, "L'Eau et les rêves". also professors at ésam. Water is a source of life and of death. Even today, water suggests peace as it instigates With the Art and Water Laboratory’s annual war. It is a planetary economic vector with residency program, the school can welcome significant political stakes. In some cases, two foreign scientific or artistic researchers it can become a cultural enquiry bringing for the duration of a semester. Research together knowledge and the imagination. projects will be selected according to It is at these crossroads that scientific and their pertinence to the aforementioned artistic practices coexist and where the intellectual challenges. energies of art school research are shaped, With the creation of this research unit, with both significant cultural and now recognised and supported by the French professional ramifications. Ministry of Culture and Communication, Through space as well as through time, the école supérieure d’arts & médias de water has proven exceedingly fruitful within Caen/Cherbourg holds a prime position the field of art. Many of Klaus Rinke’s works in the European higher education landscape. demonstrate this, and they most significantly show how water is especially valid as Art and Water Research Laboratory 7 The relationship between art and water as a subject for research Introduction Introduction Art and Water Research Laboratory 8 Introduction Michèle Martel Head of Research The two campuses of the école supérieure d’arts & médias de Caen/Cherbourg have an obvious point in common: they are both surrounded by water. The Caen peninsula and the Cherbourg harbour are the expressions of a shared cultural reality that owes everything to their geographical context. The immediate closeness of water, as a traditional subject and a recurrent artistic material, is a topographical pretext for artistic and theoretical research dynamics. More than a pretext, this situation imposes itself, necessitating the creation of the Art and Water Research Laboratory. Introduction Art and Water Research Laboratory 9 The relationship between art and water has The second area deals with water as matter changed throughout the contemporary era. or material; as a substance or a component The sea has been a subject of pictorial of the living environment. Its recurring representation for a long time, but it evolved presence in contemporary artworks often new meaning with William Turner’s 19th emphasizes its physical qualities, such as century watercolours. Turner was the first its impermanency. As well, the use of this to understand subject and material together, medium coincides with a period when most notably as the material itself and the “all that is solid melts into air”, to quote way it was implemented became part of Marx and Engels (1848). the very meaning of the representation. The third area of research treats the The intimate relationship between matter relationship that art and water have with and pattern remains in today’s contemporary movement and travel, from the perspective production. of a continuous mobility of goods and people The investigations of the Art and Water through time and space; from the opening Laboratory are organized around three of foreign shores; from the resultant interest areas of research. The first one deals with in alteriety, and the socioeconomic realities the relationship between art and water in of the modern world, with an oft-incumbent the geographical sense of territories and and necessary exile. landscape. Water draws borders, but it also Despite very different scales, structures makes them porous. It has been domesticated and natures, the research projects of the Art in order to serve human development, and Water Laboratory fit into these three but it can also destroy it. Through accident areas. They are developed by members or by design, water transforms the landscape of the team who are either scientific or artistic and suggests a whole range of artistic researchers. These projects can take various approaches. shapes: meetings, workshops, symposiums, experimentations, exhibitions or publications. Art and Water Research Laboratory 11 Territories & Landscapes Research area #1 Research area #1 Art and Water Research Laboratory 12 Territories & Landscapes Water is an element. Through its many paradoxes, it is fundamental for the transformation of territories and the landscape. It is subject to domestication and exploitation in the interest of human economical and political expansion, as it is also a constant threat (climate, economy, ecology). So it is both a conquest and an uncontrollable and even destructive natural element. Yet water is also space: an aquatic space that can be conceived as an unlimited expanse, a symbol of liberty. In this context, it questions territorial limits and the truth of landscapes. Research area #1 Art and Water Research Laboratory 13 This combination of paradoxes raises stakes on this territory in flux, where the trade in that are linked to the very concept ideas, people and goods is at the foundation of territoriality. Because water changes of the historical evolution of humans? landscapes and ways of life, it influences Seen as a place of memory for the marine the architectural and urban space. How are and submarine worlds, reflecting the past, experience and the representation of seas and oceans are also present and territories modified through water? forward-looking. They are of course global The creation of intermediary spaces is an solutions for the survival of species; opportunity to focus on the territories that but above all they are places and non-places are shaped by humans, oscillating between for contemporary art. appearance and disappearance, artificial A closer look reveals that the relationship and natural, heaven and earth. This is the between art and water often comes from case with fluvial geography. Given the a pluralist perception of the territory as historical importance of the social and spatial it is built and shaped into its own political, changes, the river is an endless source economical and cultural identity. Works of encounter for arts and knowledge. belonging to this area of research can As reflected in painting and poetry, the port, naturally consider territories and landscapes in the founding of urban civilizations, in the broadest sense, in a speculative vision has been the place of the most fruitful of water’s spaciousness through visual, of aesthetic initiatives. What about their literary, architectural and cinematographic sometimes ambiguous relationship with investigations. contemporary art practices? Both the landscapes of the river and the coastal space are involved in this question. But what is the relationship between works of art (design, production and reception) and the harbour, Art and Water Research Laboratory 15 Matter & Material Research area #2 Research area #2 Art and Water Research Laboratory 16 Matter & Material In a different and complementary register of investigation, the laboratory’s second area of research is focused on the organic and physical dimensions of the relationship between art and water. Organic because the realm of the living is here invoked; physical because the permanency of water in art is often addressed through the means of images and sound. Research area #2 Art and Water Research Laboratory 17 In places such as Lower Normandy, landscape Water isn’t immaterial, but most of the time and weather undulate and change at the pace our perception of its liquid and fluctuating of water. Which kind of visual, textual or state is imaginative and aural. The gaseous, acoustic shape can water-based artwork take? liquid and solid states of water make us What imaginative relationship do artists have question the present state of the material as with this natural or artificial element as they well as its resistance, its resonance, its shape. read it, listen to it, feel it? But beyond the Water is protean and moving, and is by nature desire to understand artists’ approach experienced as movement through time. This and the quality of their work, the researches linear unfolding can also be found in the very of the Art and Water Laboratory concentrate nature of sound and cinematographic works. on the conceptual proximity that organizes a The art of sound recording rose during the fertile dependence on the artworks inception 20th century and at least since the fifties, and the knowledge of water as matter flaneurs and strolling individuals attentive and a material.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • AREA No. 1 Pas-De-Calais Capes and Strait of Dover
    AREA no. 1 Pas-de-Calais Capes and Strait of Dover Vocation: Prevalence of maritime shipping, challenges with maritime curityse and port infrastructure and marine renewable energy. The need to sustain marine fishing activity, the zone’s aquaculture potential, as well as marine aggregates, while at the same time allowing growing tourism activity. Safeguarding migration corridors and key habitats. Illustrative map of the major ecological and socioeconomic issues I. Presentation of the zone Associated ecological area: Sector 1: Southern North Sea and Strait of Dover Area 2: Picardy Estuaries and the Opal Sea Associated water mass: FRAC01 BELGIAN BORDER TO THE MALO BREAKWATERS FRAC02 MALO BREAKWATERS TO THE EAST OF GRIS NEZ CAPE FRAC03 GRIS NEZ CAPE TO SLACK FRAT02 PORT OF BOULOGNE FRAT03 PORT OF CALAIS FRAT04 PORT OF DUNKIRK AND INTERTIDAL ZONE TO THE BREAKWATER Broadly, in terms of identified ecological challenges, the Strait of Dover is a bottleneck where the North Sea and the English Channel meet. This ecological unit has particular hydrographic conditions; there are many sandbanks in the area, including subaqueous dunes formed by swells and currents. The poorly sorted sands on the coastal fringe are characterised by high densities of invertebrates, including molluscs and bivalves. As an area of high plankton production, this productive environment provides an abundant and diversified food supply for epifauna and forage species. As well as being an important feeding area for top predators, the strait also has a high concentration of cod, is a nursery area for whiting, plaice and sole and a spawning area for herring. Porpoises concentrate in the area during winter due to the abundance of prey species and the sandbanks are popular resting places for grey seals (the largest colony in France).
    [Show full text]
  • First Records of Aoroides Longimerus Ren and Zheng, 1996, and A
    BioInvasions Records (2020) Volume 9, Issue 4: 753–762 CORRECTED PROOF Rapid Communication First records of Aoroides longimerus Ren and Zheng, 1996, and A. semicurvatus Ariyama, 2004 (Crustacea, Amphipoda), in the English Channel, France Jean-Claude Dauvin*, Jean-Philippe Pezy and Aurore Raoux Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière, CNRS UMR 6143 M2C, 24 rue des Tilleuls, 14000 Caen, France *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Citation: Dauvin J-C, Pezy J-P, Raoux A (2020) First records of Aoroides Abstract longimerus Ren and Zheng, 1996, and A. semicurvatus Ariyama, 2004 (Crustacea, Two Pacific amphipod species, Aoroides longimerus (94 individuals) and Amphipoda), in the English Channel, A. semicurvatus (three individuals), were recorded for the first time in 2019 in the France. BioInvasions Records 9(4): 753– English Channel. Aoroides longimerus was found in four sites along the Normandy 762, https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2020.9.4.10 coast (Granville, Cherbourg, Saint-Vaast-La-Hougue, and Le Havre) while Received: 14 November 2019 A. semicurvatus was found only in two sites (Granville and Saint-Vaast-La-Hougue). Accepted: 11 May 2020 Because both species were recorded (2009–2014) from the French Atlantic coast, Published: 17 September 2020 they have probably been introduced to the English Channel through the accumulated fouling of the hulls of ships used primarily for recreational purposes or by transfer Handling editor: Darren Yeo of the Japanese oyster Crassostrea gigas between oyster farms along the French Thematic editor: April Blakeslee oyster production intertidal zones. Copyright: © Dauvin et al. This is an open access article distributed under terms Key words: introduced species Le Havre harbour non-native species fouling Bay of the Creative Commons Attribution License , , , , (Attribution 4.0 International - CC BY 4.0).
    [Show full text]
  • Establishment of the Invasive Asian Shore Crab Hemigrapsus Sanguineus
    Aquatic Invasions (2009) Volume 4, Issue 3: 467-472 DOI 10.3391/ai.2009.4.3 © 2009 The Author(s) Journal compilation © 2009 REABIC (http://www.reabic.net) This is an Open Access article Research article Establishment of the invasive Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus (De Haan, 1835) (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsoidea) from the Cotentin Peninsular, Normandy, France Jean-Claude Dauvin1,2 1Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France 2USTL – Lille1, UMR LOG, Station Marine de Wimereux, BP 80, 28 avenue Foch, F-62930 Wimereux, France E-mail: [email protected] Received 30 April 2009; accepted in revised form 29 June 2009; published online 28 July 2009 Abstract The occurrence of the invasive Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus (de Haan, 1835), around the Cotentin Peninsular, Normandy, France, is reported. The northern and eastern Cotentin coasts are more densely colonised (maximum density ≅ 10 ind.m-2) than western shore, where the crab remains rare. These colonisation and establishment demonstrate probably the western progression of the species from its initial introduction into the Le Havre harbour during 1999. Key words: marine invasive species, English Channel, Cotentin coasts, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, Hemigrapsus takanoi Introduction Material and Methods Two species of Asian crabs of the genus Field site Hemigrapus have recently colonised the French The Cotentin Peninsular comprises the northern Atlantic coast. The first was the brush-clawed sector of the ‘Manche Department’, delimited on shore crab H. takanoi Asakura & Watanabe, the west coast from Saint-Jean-le-Thomas to The 2005 initially identified as H. penicillatus (de Hague Cape (Goury), in the north it includes Haan, 1835) and was reported for the first time Cherbourg harbour and the east coast from from La Rochelle, on the Atlantic coast of Gatteville-Phare to the Bay of Veys (Figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • English Channel Harbours of Refuger
    W. Allsop Henry Euler Memorial Trust, Maritime History Symposium 2019 English Channel "harbours of refuge" – a discussion on their origins and ‘failures’ William Allsop PhD student, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh; Principal, William Allsop Consulting Ltd; (previously Technical Director, HR Wallingford); Honorary Professor, University College London. Abstract In the mid-1800s, the threat of a resurgence of French naval power led the British to develop various harbours around the English Channel. The primary French threat was felt to be from Cherbourg. This perception drove harbour construction at Portland, Jersey and Alderney, and (later) at Dover. The paper will discuss Cherbourg, Portland, St Catherine’s, Alderney, and Dover harbours (primarily their breakwaters), and will outline the extent to which these harbours / breakwaters failed or succeeded. 1. Reasons for 'harbours of refuge' Throughout much of the 1800s, Britain feared the growing strength of the French Navy. That fear was used by the UK government to justify the construction of various coastal harbours. The more explicit threat from France abated with the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte's armies at Waterloo in 1815, and his death in 1821. Fears of a French resurgence however, emphasised by strengthening of Cherbourg harbour, fuelled proposals in the UK for 'harbours of refuge' (Fig. 1), debated at length through the 1840s. Figure 1 Channel Islands and Cherbourg peninsular (source: Vernon-Harcourt, 1874) W. Allsop Henry Euler Memorial Trust, Maritime History Symposium 2019 Harbours of refuge were notionally conceived to provide shelter from storms for commercial vessels, including mail packets, fishing and general trade. Naval use was often less explicit.
    [Show full text]
  • The French Diplomatic Corps, 1789-1799
    ““PPrroovveenn PPaattrriioottss””:: tthhee FFrreenncchh DDiipplloommaattiicc CCoorrppss,, 11778899--11779999 Linda S. Frey and Marsha L. Frey St Andrews Studies in French History and Culture ST ANDREWS STUDIES IN FRENCH HISTORY AND CULTURE The history and historical culture of the French-speaking world is a major field of interest among English-speaking scholars. The purpose of this series is to publish a range of shorter monographs and studies, between 25,000 and 50,000 words long, which illuminate the history of this community of peoples between the end of the Middle Ages and the late twentieth century. The series covers the full span of historical themes relating to France: from political history, through military/naval, diplomatic, religious, social, financial, cultural and intellectual history, art and architectural history, to literary culture. Titles in the series are rigorously peer-reviewed through the editorial board and external assessors, and are published as both e-books and paperbacks. Editorial Board Dr Guy Rowlands, University of St Andrews (Editor-in-Chief) Professor Andrew Pettegree, University of St Andrews Professor Andrew Williams, University of St Andrews Dr David Culpin, University of St Andrews Dr David Evans, University of St Andrews Dr Justine Firnhaber-Baker, University of St Andrews Dr Linda Goddard, University of St Andrews Dr Bernhard Struck, University of St Andrews Dr Stephen Tyre, University of St Andrews Dr Malcolm Walsby, University of St Andrews Dr David Parrott, University of Oxford Professor Alexander Marr, University of St Andrews/University of Southern California Dr Sandy Wilkinson, University College Dublin Professor Rafe Blaufarb, Florida State University Professor Darrin McMahon, Florida State University Dr Simon Kitson, University of London Institute in Paris Professor Eric Nelson, Missouri State University “Proven Patriots”: the French Diplomatic Corps, 1789-1799 by LINDA S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Distribution of Intertidal Organisms Along the Coasts of the English Channel
    J. mar. bioI. Ass. U.K. (1958) 37, 157-208 157 Printed in Great Britain THE DISTRIBUTION OF INTERTIDAL ORGANISMS ALONG THE COASTS OF THE ENGLISH CHANNEL By D. J. CRISP Marine Biology Station, Menai Bridge, Anglesey and A. J. SOUTHWARD The Plymouth Laboratory (Text-figures 1-7) INTRODUCTION Our investigations on the distribution of barnacles (Crisp & Chipperfield, 1948; Crisp, 1950; Southward, 1950, 1951; Norris & Crisp, 1953; Southward & Crisp, 1952, 1954a; Bishop & Crisp, 1957, 1958) were prompted by the lack of quantitative information on the distribution of most species. During these investigations we noted that the distribution of barnacles and of other species of shore animals had certain features in common. We have therefore extended our studies to include many of the commoner intertidal organisms in the belief that we may be able to discover which are the most important of the many possible factors controlling the distribution of littoral species generally, and of barnacles in particular. We have already described the main features of the distribution of the commoner intertidal animals along the Irish coast (Southward & Crisp, 1954b). The present paper, the second of a series, deals with the English and French sides of the Channel. These two coasts are most conveniently treated together for several reasons. In the first place the Channel presents a simpler picture, both hydrographically and faunistically, than that afforded by the seasbounding the other coasts of the British Isles. It therefore offers a useful introduction to further contributions which we are preparing on the British Isles. The fauna and flora of the Atlantic coast of France will be described elsewhere by one of us (D.J.C.) in collaboration with Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • The Morpho-Sedimentology of an Artificial Roadstead (Cherbourg, France) Gwendoline Gregoire, Yann Méar, Emmanuel Poizot, C
    The morpho-sedimentology of an artificial roadstead (Cherbourg, France) Gwendoline Gregoire, Yann Méar, Emmanuel Poizot, C. Marion, Anne Murat, Bertil Hebert To cite this version: Gwendoline Gregoire, Yann Méar, Emmanuel Poizot, C. Marion, Anne Murat, et al.. The morpho- sedimentology of an artificial roadstead (Cherbourg, France). Journal of Maps, Taylor & Francis, 2019, 15 (2), pp.677-685. 10.1080/17445647.2019.1642247. hal-02370314 HAL Id: hal-02370314 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02370314 Submitted on 19 Nov 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Journal of Maps ISSN: (Print) 1744-5647 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tjom20 The morpho-sedimentology of an artificial roadstead (Cherbourg, France) G. Gregoire, Y. Méar, E. Poizot, C. Marion, A. Murat & B. Hebert To cite this article: G. Gregoire, Y. Méar, E. Poizot, C. Marion, A. Murat & B. Hebert (2019) The morpho-sedimentology of an artificial roadstead (Cherbourg, France), Journal of Maps, 15:2, 677-685, DOI: 10.1080/17445647.2019.1642247 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2019.1642247 © 2019 The Author(s).
    [Show full text]
  • CSS Alabama and That She Wanted Permission to Land Some 40 Prisoners from the Last Two Prizes She Had Captured
    CONFEDERATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION OF BELGIUM y June, 1864, after nearly two years at sea and some 75,000 miles, the CSS - Alabama was a tired ship. Her bottom was fouled, the copper sheathing peeling off her hull, her decks were leaking and there were holes in the tubing of her wheezing boilers. Officers and men were “pretty well fagged out”, as her captain put it1, and he himself had a bad cold which turned into a fever. “Our bottom is in such a state that everything passes us,” he had written in his journal on May 21. “We are like a crippled hunter limping home from a long chase.”2 The night of June 10 found the ship in the Channel in thick fog, but she was boarded by a Channel pilot off the Lizard and the following morning, Saturday, June 11, 1864, she arrived safely off the long breakwater marking the entrance to the great harbour at Cherbourg. At about 12.30, she came through the West Pass and anchored just inside the harbour.3 On duty in Cherbourg Harbour that day was the pride of the French Navy, the ironclad Couronne, under the command of a Breton officer called Jérôme Penhoat. Penhoat now sent off a boat to find out who the stranger was and what she wanted. The boat came back with an officer in a grey uniform who explained that the vessel was the CSS Alabama and that she wanted permission to land some 40 prisoners from the last two prizes she had captured. Penhoat replied that he was not authorised to give 1 Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion (Washington, DC, 1894-1927), Series I, Volume 3 (hereafter cited as ORN I:3), p.652: Semmes to Barron, June 14, 1864.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin De Février 2014
    BULLETIN DE FÉVRIER 2014 Hello, everyone! This newsletter is to inform you about Bonjour, tout le monde ! Ce bulletin veut vous signaler upcoming events in your Alliance Française and also to les prochains événements touchant la communauté present current events, music, books, recipes, and other francophone et vous intéresser aux événements topics that may be of interest to the Francophone d'actualité: musique, romans, recettes et autres sujets. community. We hope you find it enjoyable. Anyone who Nous espérons que vous le trouverez intéressant. Tous might like to submit an item for publication in the next ceux qui veulent soumettre quelque chose pour month’s newsletter should e-mail Dawn Patelke publication dans le prochain bulletin peuvent envoyer un ([email protected] ) or Sherry Johnson courriel (e-mail) à Dawn Patelke ([email protected] ) ([email protected] ) before the 20 th of the month ou à Sherry Johnson ([email protected] ) avant le preceding the next issue. We invite you to share your 20 du mois précédant la prochaine édition. Nous vous news with us! invitons à partager vos nouvelles ! Next AFK Meeting Prochaine réunion de l’AFK The February meeting of the AFK will be Saturday, Le prochain rendez-vous de l'’AFK aura lieu le samedi 8 February 8 th at 3 p.m. at Westminster Presbyterian février à 15h à Westminster Presbyterian Church, Church, 6500 S. Northshore Dr , Knoxville to celebrate 6500 S. Northshore Dr., Knoxville pour fêter la La Chandeleur Bring your crepe makers, crepe batter Chandeleur. Apportez votre crêpière, votre pâte à and your favorite fillings to share! We especially need crêpes et vos garnitures préférées à partager ! Nous folks who have crepe makers, or perhaps a hot plate avons particulièrement besoin de ceux qui ont une and crepe skillet to bring them.That way we could have crêpière, une plaque chauffante, ou bien une poële à several areas to prepare the crepes.
    [Show full text]
  • FRENCH EXPANSION to the RHINE RIVER DURING the WAR of the FIRST COALITION, 1792-1797 Jordan R
    CONQUERING THE NATURAL FRONTIER: FRENCH EXPANSION TO THE RHINE RIVER DURING THE WAR OF THE FIRST COALITION, 1792-1797 Jordan R. Hayworth, M.A. Dissertation Prepared for Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS December 2015 APPROVED: Michael V. Leggiere, Major Professor Guy Chet, Committee Member Marie-Christine Weidmann Koop, Committee Member Nancy Stockdale, Committee Member Geoffrey Wawro, Committee Member Richard B. McCaslin, Chair of the Department of History Costas Tsatsoulis, Dean of the Robert B. Toulouse Graduate School Hayworth, Jordan R. Conquering the Natural Frontier: French Expansion to the Rhine River during the War of the First Coalition, 1792-1797. Doctor of Philosophy (European History), December 2015, 487 pp., 14 maps, references, 445 titles. After conquering Belgium and the Rhineland in 1794, the French Army of the Sambre and Meuse faced severe logistical, disciplinary, and morale problems that signaled the erosion of its capabilities. The army’s degeneration resulted from a revolution in French foreign policy designed to conquer the natural frontiers, a policy often falsely portrayed as a diplomatic tradition of the French monarchy. In fact, the natural frontiers policy – expansion to the Rhine, the Pyrenees, and the Alps – emerged only after the start of the War of the First Coalition in 1792. Moreover, the pursuit of natural frontiers caused more controversy than previously understood. No less a figure than Lazare Carnot – the Organizer of Victory – viewed French expansion to the Rhine as impractical and likely to perpetuate war. While the war of conquest provided the French state with the resources to survive, it entailed numerous unforeseen consequences.
    [Show full text]
  • SUPPORTING the LODGEMEN T HE Primary Attack
    CHAPTER 6 SUPPORTING THE LODGEMEN T HE primary attack phase of OVERLORD was destined to last for six T days, and it was not until 12th June, when the Omaha beach-hea d had achieved a depth of up to 20 miles and had been expanded laterally to link with the others into an unbroken lodgement, that the possibilit y of a successful enemy counterstroke on the Cherbourg peninsula faded . Throughout this period the employment of all elements of the Allie d air forces was purely tactical, their chief contribution consisting of th e protection of the army from enemy air attack, the disruption of Germa n communications and direct intervention in local actions . All these objects had been plain on 6th June so that there was merely a change in emphasis between the tasks and a shift in application once the diversionary use o f air power to achieve initial surprise could be dispensed with. Heavy and continuous air attacks against communications were ordere d by General Eisenhower to deny the enemy freedom of movement to pre- pare and launch counter-attacks and to reduce the rate of German re- inforcement to a level lower than that of the Allies . Heavy and medium bombers were directed on to road and rail centres while light bomber s and fighter-bombers attacked the bridges across the Loire and in the Paris-Orleans gap . The most important bridges over the Seine had alread y been cut and, although it was appreciated that the enemy would, as in Italy, work feverishly to keep some routes open, traffic would inevitably be canalised, and this in turn would provide profitable opportunities for the ubiquitous swarms of fighter-bombers .
    [Show full text]
  • Cherbourg - Cotentin Hôtel Dieu Digard Polle P O R T Blé Rue Boël Meslin a V a N T Collins Pl Révolution Rue Tourville
    Avant-port Chantereyne Jetée Chantereyne [email protected] – 02.43.49.75.43 Quai d’Artimont 1 à 4 joueursplayers Port Allée 1 to 4 Quai du Misaine Chantereyne Quai de Normandie Notes du Président Open to all One or moreCapitainerie element (s) around you de Cessart Quai de France 1/4 Avenue couldRue du Diablotin help with the answer Menut Takes about 1 hour Pl Chantereyne Quai de la Hune Rue M.J.C The Placenumber of points to be gained from 27 questions, 65 points de ? l'Abbaye Rue de l’Ongletanswering the question correctly Napoléon 2 km Rue l'Ancien Arsenal Rue Treasure Hunt Bonhomme Quai De Grande Place de la Emmanuel République Rd-pt Useful Information Vallée Minerve Rue Bd Félix Amiot Departure from and arrival back at Rue deParkings l’Eglise : Port de l’Epi Tour P Rue des Moulins Rue A. Piedagnel Pl du Rue de la Comédie Square Président The Tourist Office, 14 Quai Alexandre III Phelippot Bucaille Kennedy Le Cat Carrée Briand Quai Rue Noyon (point number 1 on the map at the centreRue ofde l'Ancien this brochure). Pass. Cherbourg - Cotentin Hôtel Dieu Digard Polle P o r t Blé Rue Boël Meslin A v a n t Collins Pl Révolution Rue Tourville Rue F. Lavieille au de The answers are available at the Tourist Office Rue Louis Halles Philippe Rue Fourdray Pl Rue du Port Pl . Duche Centrale Halles Rue Bricqueville Rue du Commerce Tourist Office : 02.33.93.52.02 Sous Pl de La Caligny Lawton Aristide A. Rossel Liais Préfecture Fontaine Grande al P de From 15/06 toLa 15/09 G Cour Place Rue The whole family can explore Marie Notre Dame de Rue Monday to Saturday 9:30am-7pm / Sunday : 10am-5pm Quai l'Ingénieur Guillaume Avenue Rue Rue Cachin From 16/09 to 14/06 Fouace Place Pl Marie Ravenel Rue A.
    [Show full text]