90 Chapter DIGITAL IMAGING and 08 PRINTING Towards a New AgeDesign a New Graphic Towards different from images drawn or painted on paper in many ways. on many or paper painted in drawn images different from Digital images images. digital computersusing called are displayedcomputers. and created, manipulated are that Images or photographs you that of on screen see the the images and on sketches paper images such between difference drawings, as computers. using isavast point there of view graphical From computers, most designer’s of graphic the work done is being comparatively morecomparatively precise visually. are images Raster sophisticated computational algorithms. into avector of requires araster image image transformation ways butin various modified and manipulated be also can iscompromised. images Raster quality graphic the that feels artist agraphic atimes precise many mathematically resolution. Major problem are vector though images isthat to any scalable Vector images. into easily Raster are images them transform as well as them manipulate and to modify descriptions of basic the components it image, iseasy of an categories. these under one designers graphic falls of practicing byused the Vectorand software Graphics. Therefore, image-editing the categories of Graphics technologies graphic Raster namely: isresponsibledifference for development the major of two vector raster However, and between difference images. this main isthe instead of pixels. This text and curves, Bezier of lines, terms in descriptions of image the mathematical operations are discussed are as follows: as are discussed operations are possible. are operations on images Some of the common the of editors, avariety image processing. digital Using image dimensional three as well as processing image dimensional image editors digital called are Such images. programs digital manipulate and to create, modify programs software are There digitally. manipulated or modified further be can images Such digital scanners called are devices These images. into digital on tools papers the to convert images are There images. of digital Graphic types designers frequently the use both D to achieve this. sophisticated algorithms individually. are There groups,in modified be or ways. can pixels various The in image to edit the pixels the replace or can modify programmes about information Image-editing colourthe brightness. and called are images these of basic form of picturethe elements agrid pixels called stored acomputer in are images vector When and in images. raster images: major images two categories of are There digital T G ypes igi Since the Vector images are in the form of mathematical form of Vector the mathematical the Since in are images On the other hand other the hand On print media or for digital media. With the advent the With media. of or media forprint digital either images, for raphic visual designers work with t al

of I D mage . There are digital image editors for image two digital are . There igi t E al raster images d vector images vector I i t mages ing . The pixels contain contain pixels . The are stored as are , then then , are are . nodes visible and path editable with object A vector 91 Digital Imaging and Printing Selection 92 Image manipulation requires selecting either a part of the image or the entire image to make changes. If you select the entire image then you can change the orientation, size, colour etc. If you select a part of the image then all the changes you wish to make will be applicable to selected part. Therefore ‘selection’ is the basic operation in digital image making. Various image editors provide number of ways to select either the whole image or part of the image.

Layers Activity 1 Layer is another most basic but equally important feature of digital image making. Idea of layers is very simple. If you Sketch an image of draw a part of the image on one transparent paper and then size 10 x 10 cms. draw rest of the parts of the image on separate transparent Separate the image in papers and finally put these transparent papers on each three different layers other, so that you will see a complete image. Layers are just to explain the layer like transparent sheets of papers, only difference is that they concept according are digitally transparent layers. Since parts of the digital to the image-editing image are separated in terms of separate layers it provides Towards a New AgeDesign a New Graphic Towards software. tremendous flexibility for manipulation of the digital image.

l The top layer (the bird) is moved to the left. l The top layer is moved to the right. l The top layer (the bird) is partially transparent, so the background can be seen clearly through its wing.

In this picture the top layer has a drop shadow, a red colour overlay of 40 per cent, a gradient overlay from red to yellow of 20 per cent opacity, and a slight bevel effect. Layer Mask l The blue sky used as the background layer. l The greenery used as the top layer. l The layer mask that was applied to the top layer. are automatically made in the image. the made automatically in are changes desired the accordingly then and visually histogram the in changes user to the make editor The allows axis. value on horizontal of pixel the the brightness graph and of the axis on vertical the image number the the of in pixels shows edited. histogram The being of image the histogram have to show facilities programs agraph called Image-editing Histogram image. composition cropping new the isto improve the visual in the of purpose A primary new image. the in preserved are image such properties resolution as etc.digital the of original the All of cropped the part. image create anew and digital image it away the from taking then and image of an apart selecting Cropping to crop image. includes facilities the the provide all have tool that programs Image-editing manipulation. image Cropping Cropping Image A is an operation which is frequently done in digital operation isfrequently which isan done digital in B the larger image larger the B. camera from A. Uncropped image image Uncropped Resort cropped out of of out cropped Resort 93 Digital Imaging and Printing 94

Some editors have a facility to select parts of the image and

Towards a New AgeDesign a New Graphic Towards then make desired changes in the colour. Digital imaging is a vast area. There are many operations that can be performed on digital images. The digital imaging tools such as digital camera, scanners, digital image editing software have widely been used by graphic designers. Due to these software many of the traditional tasks of designing Histogram of Sunflower image have become easier and faster. These tools give tremendous flexibility to graphic designers. As one starts using these tools one realises the potential of the digital image making technology. This section gives brief information about the digital image making tools and technologies. These tools are also highly user-friendly.

Digital Printing Conventional printing techniques discussed last year, i.e. in the XI standard textbook on graphic design, are known as conventional printing techniques. While the technology that uses computers now-a-days for printing is called digital printing technique. In digital printing the original design or Activity 2 the art work is in the digital form on a computer. Therefore one does not need to make blocks, plates or silk-screens for In this activity you have to printing. The art work or design is stored in the digital form make a signage for your and one can take test-prints as a trial and if necessary can school based on the design be manipulated or modified using suitable editing tools. The brief given by the school computer is linked to a printer, e.g., inkjet printer or a laser management. You will start printer. The design is printed on to the paper, fabric or any with making thumbnails for other suitable material surface in the form of an image with your design and execute the the help of overlapping colored dots usually of four colours, viz., same using an image-editing cyan, magenta, yellow and black- CMYK. Thus the original software. art work or design in the form of digital data is converted into the printed image without the help of screens/blocks. opened publication up the anew in era industry. it iscost-effective has of money. terms in printing Thus digital Also lessmethods. time-consuming. to use and easy It is very over conventional the advantages because it many popular has become has very printing Digital banners. and hoardings vouchers gift to huge displays, small from sizes varying with easier of formedia printable became range wide advertising fieldthe of publication. techniques. `Print-on-Demand’ concept isarevolutionary in binding innovative of book with the apart of printing think work whenever whereverart and one it Even isrequired. can just print tools. one One can copy editing of book or the an appropriate by using names image individual with for gifts or books names publish individual photocan with albums One personalised. highly be can printing digital case this In quantity. concept ledlimited to the That of `Print-on-Demand’. works such in poetry, as or short essay etc. artworks and print. the of colors quality in one gets expected work the till art original the colourtest-prints in required corrections the make and on paper the Therefore, or other materials. one needs to take computer printed need when screen not are same they the be about colors. colours designer a The graphic on sees that the processes. care However, extra designer to take agraphic has no such are there intermediate printing days.those digital In work in art the test-prints in changes to take costly make and and plates, difficult screens. Thus it and very to used be blocks, conventionalIn methods lot goes into making of time 3. 2. 1. Retail industry is greatly benefited by digital printing because because printing benefiteddigital by isgreatly industry Retail it textual ispossible small to print printing Due to digital E Which are the software you have been using of images. images. of you using have been software are the Which image- the in layers using of advantages are the What and Vector images between differences are the What disadvantages. and advantages their by any giving two Compare software. editing Raster images. xercises 95 Digital Imaging and Printing