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Teorijske Osnove UNIVERZITET U NIŠU PRIRODNO-MATEMATIĈKI FAKULTET DEPARTMAN ZA HEMIJU Snežana Č. Jovanović Sekundarni metaboliti predstavnika roda Sedum L. (Crassulaceae) centralnog Balkanskog poluostrva i njihov hemotaksonomski značaj DOKTORSKA DISERTACIJA Niš, 2016. UNIVERSITY OF NIŠ FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTY Snežana Č. Jovanović Secondary metabolites of the Sedum L. (Crassulaceae) representatives from the central Balkan Peninsula and their chemotaxonomic significance DOCTORAL DISSERTATION Niš, 2016. Прилог 4/1 ПРИРОДНО - МАТЕМАТИЧКИ ФАКУЛТЕТ НИШ КЉУЧНА ДОКУМЕНТАЦИЈСКА ИНФОРМАЦИЈА Редни број, РБР: Идентификациони број, ИБР: Тип документације, ТД: монографска Тип записа, ТЗ: текстуални / графички Врста рада, ВР: докторска дисертација Аутор, АУ: Снежана Ч. Јовановић Ментори, МН: Гордана С. Стојановић и Бојан К. Златковић Наслов рада, НР: СЕКУНДАРНИ МЕТАБОЛИТИ ПРЕДСТАВНИКА РОДА SEDUM L. (CRASSULACEAE) ЦЕНТРАЛНОГ БАЛКАНСКОГ ПОЛУОСТРВА И ЊИХОВ ХЕМОТАКСОНОМСКИ ЗНАЧАЈ Језик публикације, ЈП: српски Језик извода, ЈИ: енглески Земља публиковања, ЗП: Србија Уже географско подручје, УГП: Србија Година, ГО: 2016. Издавач, ИЗ: ауторски репринт Место и адреса, МА: Ниш, Вишеградска 33. Физички опис рада, ФО: 10 Поглавља, 197 страна, 213 цитата, 64 табелe, 51 слика /граф, (поглавља/страна/ цитата/табела/слика/графика/прилога) 4 прилога Научна област, НО: Хемија Научна дисциплина, НД: Органска хемија и биохемија Предметна одредница/Кључне речи, ПО: Sedum L., секундарни метаболити, епикутикуларни воскови, метанолни ектракти, хемотаксономија. УДК 577.13 : 582 + 57.06 (497) Чува се, ЧУ: библиотека Важна напомена, ВН: Истраживање докторске дисертације је финансирано од стране Министарства просвете, науке и технолошког развоја Републике Србије, у оквиру пројекта "Природни производи биљака и лишајева: изоловање, идентификација, биолошка активност и примена", евиденциони број 172047. Извод, ИЗ: Циљ ове докторске дисертације је испитивање применљивости секундарних метаболита одабраних представника рода Sedum L. (Crassulaceae) са територије централног Балканског полуострва у хемотаксономске сврхе. Укључени су и представници из других родова исте фамилије: Crassula L., Hylotelephum H. Ohba, Echeveria DC. i Kalanchoe Adans. GC-MS и GC-FID техником је праћена дистрибуцијa n- алкана (C20-C35) и тритерпена (олеани, лупани и тараксерани) у хексанским екстрактима, а код метанолних екстраката дистрибуција поларних компоненти (HPLC анализа). Садржаји поменутих компоненти су коришћени као променљиве које су једнообразно систематизоване у матрице за статистичке анализе: дескриптивна статистика, униваријантне и мултиваријантне методе. Дистрибуција наведених хемијских карактера је разматрана на нивоу серије као таксономске категорије. Различит садржај поменутих карактера је условио класификовање испитиваних таксона које је коментарисано и упоређивано у складу са већ постојећим системима класификације. Датум прихватања теме, ДП: 28.01.2015. Датум одбране, ДО: Чланови комисије, КО: Председник: Гордана С. Стојановић Члан: Олг а П. Јовановић Члан: Горан М. Петровић Члан: Биљана Н. Божин Члан, ментор: Гордана С. Стојановић Члан, ментор: Бојан К. Златковић Прилог 4/2 ПРИРОДНО - МАТЕМАТИЧКИ ФАКУЛТЕТ НИШ KEY WORDS DOCUMENTATION Accession number, ANO: Identification number, INO: Document type, DT: monograph Type of record, TR: textual / graphic Contents code, CC: doctoral dissertation Author, AU: Snežana Č. Jovanović Mentors, MN: Gordana S. Stojanović and Bojan K. Zlatković Title, TI: SECONDARY METABOLITES OF THE SEDUM L. (CRASSULACEAE) REPRESENTATIVES FROM THE CENTRAL BALKAN PENINSULA AND THEIR CHEMOTAXONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE Language of text, LT: Serbian Language of abstract, LA: English Country of publication, CP: Serbia Locality of publication, LP: Serbia Publication year, PY: 2016 Publisher, PB: author’s reprint Publication place, PP: Niš, Višegradska 33. Physical description, PD: 10 Chapters, 197 pages, 213 references, 64 tables, 51 pictures/graphs, (chapters/pages/ref./tables/pictures/graphs/appendixes) 4 appendixes Scientific field, SF: Chemistry Scientific discipline, SD: Organic chemistry and Biochemistry Subject/Key words, S/KW: Sedum L., secondary plant metabolites, epicuticular waxes, methanol extracts, chemotaxonomy. UC 577.13 : 582 + 57.06 (497) Holding data, HD: Library Note, N: PhD Research was funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Republic Serbia, within the project "Natural products of plants and lichens: isolation, identification, biological activity and application" (No. 172047) Abstract, AB: The aim of this doctoral dissertation was the estimation of chemotaxonomic utility of secondary metabolites of the selected members from the genus Sedum L. (Crassulaceae), collected from the Central Balkan Peninsula. The study also included compatriots from the related genera (same family): Crassula L., Hylotelephum H. Ohba, Echeveria DC. and Kalanchoe Adans. Distribution of n-alkanes (C20-C35) and tirterpenes (olenanae, lupane and taraxerane) were monitored in hexane extracts by GC-MS and GC-FID techniques, while polar components, from methanol extracts, were monitored by HPLC technique. The contents of mentioned components were inputted uniformly in matrices (pattern) further used in statistical analyses: descriptive, univariate and multivariate methods. Distribution of characters was considered on the series level as a taxonomic rank. Different contents contributed to certain classification of examined taxa which was discussed with respect to already established systems of classification related to genus. Accepted by the Scientific Board on, ASB: 28.01.2015 Defended on, DE: Defended Board, DB: President: Gordana S. Stojanović Member: Olga P. Jovanović Member: Goran M. Petrović Member: Biljana N. Božin Member, Mentor: Gordana S. Stojanović Member, Mentor: Bojan K. Zlatković Eksperimentalni deo doktorske disertacije je rađen u laboratoriji za Organsku hemiju, na Departmanu za hemiju (Prirodno-matematički fakultet, Univerzitet u Nišu), u okviru projekta Ministarstva prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja "Prirodni proizvodi biljaka i lišajeva: izolovanje, identifikacija, biološka aktivnost i primena", evidencioni broj 172047. Disertacija je urađena pod mentorstvom red. prof. dr Gordane Stojanović i vanr. prof. dr Bojana Zlatkovića. Na ovaj način im se srdačno i najiskrenije zahvaljujem, jer su me nesebično i strpljivo vodili kroz izradu disertacije. Prenoseći mi svoja iskustva, ispunjena entuzijazmom i ljubavlju prema nauci, učili su me pragmatičnosti i metodičnosti u radu. Zahvaljujem im se jer su mi ukazali poverenje i pružili podršku. Veliku podršku, korisne savete i sugestije dobila sam i od svojih dragih profesora, članova komisije i kolega. Pored toga, zahvalna sam im i na svim prijatnim trenucima. Zahvaljujem se svojim prijateljima – od ranog detinjstva do sada. Najdražima, zbog bezuslovne ljubavi, Jer su utočište i najveći podstrek! S.J. Sadržaj 1. UVOD I CILJEVI ............................................................................................................................ 1 2. TEORIJSKE OSNOVE .................................................................................................................... 3 2.1. Filogenija i filogenetska sistematika ........................................................................................ 3 2.2. Taksonomija biljaka – osnovni pojmovi .................................................................................. 4 2.3. Hemotaksonomija i hemotaksonomski markeri ....................................................................... 8 2.4. Obrada taksonomskih podataka ............................................................................................. 14 2.4.1. Numeriĉka taksonomija ..................................................................................................... 14 2.4.2. Hemometrija ...................................................................................................................... 15 2.4.3. Statistiĉke metode.............................................................................................................. 16 2.4.3.1 Osnovna analiza podataka, deskriptivna statistika .................................................... 18 2.4.3.2 Statistiĉko testiranje, analiza varijanse ...................................................................... 18 2.4.3.3 Multivarijantne tehnike analize podatka ................................................................... 19 2.4.3.3.1. Faktorska analiza i analiza glavnih komponenti ................................................ 20 2.4.3.3.2. Diskriminantna analiza ...................................................................................... 23 2.4.3.3.3. Klaster analiza .................................................................................................... 23 2.4.3.3.4. Korespodentna analiza ....................................................................................... 25 2.5. Epikutikularni voskovi ........................................................................................................... 26 2.5.1. GraĊa kutikule kod biljaka ................................................................................................ 26 2.5.2. Epikutikularni vosak: sastav i funkcija.............................................................................. 28 2.5.3. Epikutikularni vosak kao hemotaksonomski kriterijum .................................................... 32 2.5.3.1. Distribucija komponenti
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