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Windows Phone, Doomed Or Pushed to Its Failure?

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Windows Phone, Doomed Or Pushed to Its Failure? Windows Phone, Doomed or Pushed to fail? A comprehensive analysis of smartphone market with respect to operating systems and scenario analysis for Microsoft to investigate the possibility of better future. By Anahita Didari Thesis Submitted to the Department of Geography in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Philosophy in System Dynamics System Dynamics Group Department of Geography University of Bergen June, 2017 Abstract: The whole definition of communication has been changed since the time smartphones introduced to the world. Now these small devices play crucial roles in daily life of people around the world and lots of interactions are happening through them. This means there is a huge opportunity for smartphone manufacturers and operating system developers. Since 2000 until now this market has evolved a lot, operating systems that used to be leaders in the market totally lost their edges and left the market while others join. Microsoft was one of the first entrant in this market and was able to maintain in a good position for a short period of time. This was predictable since Microsoft has a great success and reputation in providing OS for personal computers. Windows Phone had a very good start and a position in the market from 2003-2006 but after that its market share started to decrease and today it’s below 1%. In this thesis we explore reasons behind Windows Phone’s failure. In order to be successful, first we focus on the smartphone market and make a comprehensive model of this market without any biases toward Windows Phone. Later we focus on the weak points of Windows Phone according to the model and apply scenario analysis to find out in what circumstances Windows Phone could end up in a better position. Many endogenous dynamics are happening in this market through factors such as bandwagon effects, network diversity, complementary goods effects and brand loyalty effects. These factors help operating systems to build up their market, meanwhile the OS owners have important decisions to make. Strategic decisions such the license fee of the OS and the level of authority they give to manufacturers to customize the OS based on their needs. These are two very important decisions and have significant impacts on the market share of the OS. Microsoft’s business model in smartphone market is a traditional software business, and as the main source of revenue, Microsoft license Windows Phone to any smartphone manufacturers [1]. Therefore from the beginning they charged manufacturers, further Windows Phone is a closed-source operating system and manufacturers has no authority in II customizations. These factors together with the endogenous dynamics are main reasons behind Windows phone’s failure. We implement scenario analysis to investigate results of this competition for Windows Phone under different circumstances and various combination of appropriability and flexibility strategies. Our findings show that by changing appropriability strategy and providing Windows Phone free of charge for device manufacturers, Windows Phone could end up in a better position. But android was still a very powerful rival, because it is also an open-source operating system and it is a very important factor in attracting manufacturers. Further we prove that by changing this strategy at this moment, Windows phone maybe able to increase its market share from 1% to 5% but this is still a very small portion of the market and Microsoft needs an extensive plan and policies in this market if they intend to win. III ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would first like to thank my thesis advisor Associate Professor Muhammad Azeem Qureshi at Oslo and Akershus University Collage of Applied science for his supervision and advice during the preparation this research. He consistently allowed this thesis to be my own work, but steered me in the right the direction whenever he thought I needed it. I would also like to acknowledge Professor Pal Davidsen, Professor David Wheat and Professor Erling Moxnes from the System dynamics group at University of Bergen for their great guidance and help during this thesis also for helping and educating me to become a part of system dynamics society. I am also grateful to William A. Schoenberg, Aklilu T. Tadesse and Abotsi Prince for their insights and guides through modeling and writing process of this thesis. Finally, I must express my very profound gratitude to my parents and to my sister for providing me with unfailing support and continuous encouragement throughout my years of study and through the process of researching and writing this thesis. This accomplishment would not have been possible without them. Thank you Anahita Didari IV Contents Abstract: ..............................................................................................................................................II ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................................................................... IV 1. Problem articulation ...................................................................................................................1 1.1. Theme selection: .................................................................................................................1 1.2. Time horizon and dynamic problem definition: .................................................................2 1.3. Key variables: ......................................................................................................................4 1.3.1. Innovation and market diffusion: ...............................................................................4 1.3.2. Format battle: ..............................................................................................................4 2. Formulation of dynamic hypothesis ...........................................................................................9 2.1. Initial hypothesis generation: .............................................................................................9 2.2. Endogenous explanation:................................................................................................. 10 2.3. Mapping system structure: .............................................................................................. 12 2.4. Casual loop diagram: ........................................................................................................ 13 2.4.1. Technology diffusion section: .................................................................................. 14 2.4.2. OS market dynamics: ............................................................................................... 15 2.4.3. Operating System section: ....................................................................................... 16 2.5. Stock and Flow maps: ....................................................................................................... 20 3. Formulation and results of the simulation .............................................................................. 24 3.1. Formulation of the simulation ......................................................................................... 24 3.1.1. Market Section: ........................................................................................................ 25 3.1.2. Operating system module: ....................................................................................... 31 3.2. Results of simulation: ....................................................................................................... 65 3.2.1. Market section: ........................................................................................................ 65 3.2.2. Operating system section: ....................................................................................... 69 4. Testing: ..................................................................................................................................... 76 4.1. Boundary adequacy test: ................................................................................................. 76 4.2. Dimensional consistency: ................................................................................................. 77 4.3. Extreme condition test: .................................................................................................... 77 4.3.1. Adaption fraction: .................................................................................................... 77 4.3.2. Time to change: ........................................................................................................ 78 4.3.3. Open Strategy extreme test: .................................................................................... 80 4.4. Integration error test: ...................................................................................................... 81 V 4.5. Behavior reproduction : .................................................................................................... 82 4.6. Behavior anomaly tests:................................................................................................... 86 4.7. Sensitivity test: ................................................................................................................. 87 4.7.1. Adaption Fraction sensitivity test ............................................................................ 88 4.7.2. Contact rate sensitivity test: ...................................................................................
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