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"-:. -,,,."..:. | , CITT OF COMPTON GENERAL PI,AN I,AND USE ELEMENT December 3, 1991 IABLE OF CONTENTS S€cfior Pag€ Intmduaion 1o the Iand Use Element Purpose ol the Iand Use ElemeBi 1 Scope and ConteDt of This Eleme 3 Related Plans and Programs Iand Use Issues Identification I-aud Use Constraints 7 Annexation Paltern 10 Community Appearance 10 CultEal and Historic Featues 11 Iand Use Element Goals and Policies Revitalize the City 73 Varied I-and Use 15 Slrong Economic Base 77 Adequate Infrastrucfiue and Public Services to Support Land Use 18 The I-and Use Plan I-and Use Polic, Map m Iand u5e fssigasliea5 24 Implications of Iand Use Policy 30 Developmenl Strategies and Implementation of land Use Plan 32 COMPTON I./IND TNE EI-EMENT GENERAL PI-AN DECEMBER J, 191 LIST OF TABLES Table Pagg LU-1: Iand Use Policy Implications 31 LV-zi Geaerul Plaa/Znning Relarionship 37 LIST OF FIGIJRES Ftgure Page LU-1: I-and Use CoDshainls 9 LU-2: I-and Use Policy Map 11 LU-3: Definition of FAR ?3 LU-4: I,ow Density Residential 25 LU-5: Medium DeDsity Residential 26 LU-6: Hig! DeDsity Residential n LU-7: Oppoflunity Arcas 35 COMPTON IJND I]SE ELEMENT GENERAL PI-AN DECEMBER 3, 1991 INTRODUCIION TO TIIE T,AND USE ELEMEM Whar will Compton lool like in the year Z)10? Will apartments, condominiums, a:rd tovnhornes have replaced the single-family reridential neighborhoods whic.h existed in the trventieth century? Where will the comnercial shopping areas and industial centers be localod? Will land use paltems chaEge dramatically over lime? The land Use Element and laad Use Policy Map answer these questions. The map, included iu this element as Figure LU-2, preseds a graphic representation - a snapshot - of the Cit/s future. The element text defines the goals &e City will purue tocrud this future. Together the text aad the map provide &e fou:rdation for land use decision making inlo the next century. PIJRPOSE OF TAI{D USE EI.EMENT The I:nd Use ElemeDt aud the LaDd Use Policy Map represent the two most important components of the General Plar" Together, these two parts of the PlaD e,stablish the overal polic, direction for land use planning decisions in the City. Tbe Land Use Policl Map displap graphically the location and distribution of land use iu Compton, whereas the element text describes the form &ese uses will ta.kg as vell as the prcgrams tbe City will pursue to implement the land use gods. Goals and policies set fonh in the hnd Use Element shape and reflect &e policies and programs contained in the other General Plan elemenb. For example, the street srstem and circllation improvemetrts described h the Circrrlation Element are designed to acrommodate the intensity of use allowed ty land use poliry. Housing Element programs which focus on neighborhood stabilization and rehabilitation of single-family uniB reflecl land use policies which call for revitalization of ComptoD- COMPTON IJ'ND T]SE ELEMENT GENERAL PI,IN DECEMBER J 1991 General plans oflen discuss lbe need for oeating a balanccd o commudty without explaining what is msant by balance. There is no quantifable measure of 'balance" applica.ble to cities within a metropolitan region suc.h as Cmpton Complon has extensive va.ant and underutilized commercially desigDated areas, yet ComJ'ton captues only about 70 perce of its total potential lor local retail sales. C-omplon has large industrial areas compared wilh maEy surrounding cities, yet the employment base of rhe city is very los,; an4 while Comptotr has a mix of low and mediua deDsity housing, very little new housing is behg coDstructed in the City atrd single- family neighborhoods arc €ing. In this coDtexl, the concepl of 'balalced land use' for ComptoE has little meaning. Whal Crmpton must do, and what this General Plan provides the basic policy direction for, is to actrieve the following objectives: o To revitalize the City tbrough public and pdvate redevelopment elforts; o To attain a mix of laud use wifhin the City, thereby providing residents with ready access to housing, employ- ment, and commercial services; To encourage pri !e invgstment in the City; o To ensure that rcsidenb from all inmme levels have access to decenl, allordable housing; To sta.bilize and potect single-family housing resources in the community; To create a City eDvironment whicb Dlakes Compton a pleasant place to live, work, shop, and do business; To improve Complon's built envirotrment througb design guidetines and aggresive code enforcementi and To enhance aud diversi$ Comptou's tax base. COMPTON I24ND USE ELEMENT GENERAL PIAN 2 DECEMAER E D91 SCOPE AND CONTENT OF TIIIS ELEMENT In order to be'st addnss land use issue,s afiecting Compon, this element is divided hto tbree subsequent sectiors - Issues Identifrcatior, Iand Use Element Goals and Polici$, snd the Iand Use PIaa The Issues Identifrcation sectiotr highlighls land use issues facing lhe City and sets the Aanrework for goal formulalion and policy ard program development" These goals and policies are sfafed in the sEcond folowing se{tion" hsdy, the I2nd Use Plan de-scribes in detail the rand Use Policl Map and identifies how long-rerm land use policy will be impleBe ed h Compto!. Baclground data p€rtaiDing to land use ir contained in the Land Use Tecbnical Appendi(, bound under separate qter b.the,Antotded Bibhagrafuy otd fecLntcal Appennb. REI.ATED PI.ANS AND PROGRAMS Due 1o the compreheDsive nature of the l:nd Use Element, land use issues are mt addressed in fie same detail as they might be in cenain p\6ical planning documents, plang and ordinances the City can adopl Whereas &e laad use categories describsd in &e Iand Use Plan section ol Ois element iDdicate general categories of permissible use, doqrments suc.h as the zoning ordinaace regulate the actual use and development standards applicable 10 properties Citywide. Other plans zuch as specifrc plans and redwelopment plans are examples of other documenls whicrh establish more delinitive use stadarals. These t)?es ol plalxs are described below. Regional planning agencies such as the Southern California Association of GoverDments (SCAG) recognize that several plaming issues extend beyond &e boundaries of individual cities, Effors to address regional planning issues such as afiordable bousi::g, trarsportation, and air pollution have resuited in the adoption of regional plans which allect CrEpto!- Rele El regional plans are discussed briefly in the following paragraphs. COMPTON I.4ND WE ELEMENT GENEML PI.AN DECEMBER 3, 1991 DeYelopment Code Zoning is ths primary tool used to implenent long+erm land use policy. Slate law requires consisteDcy botweeE the laud use policy map and zrning meaniDg tbat if I property is desig",ted on the General Plan nap for tow deDsity residential use, thc zone district applied lo Uat property must be a single-family (R-A or R-L) zone. Once land use policy is adopte4 Shle law indicates that Gercral Plan/zoning consistency must be attained within a "reasonable' period of tine. This enta s redoing the qrrrent (1990 zoniag ordinance as a comprehensive Development C.ode. The land use designariors conrained in &is elemen and the land use boundari€s correspond to one or nore zoning disrricts. Table LU-2 in the knd Use Plan section establishes the relationship between land use policy and zoning. A matrix idenliSing the relationship between various land use rypes aDd facton Decassary to ersure compatibility between land uses is included in the Compton Development C-ode. Sp€cnc Plalrs hovisions in State law allow for the adoption of sp€ciiic plans whid as &eir name implieg provide very gpecifrc dascriptions of permitted land uses and dovelopment criteria applicable to a specifred property. Specilic plans generally are prepared for large or unique parcels of land and are intsnded to establish desigr guidelines for a proJec! as well as development standards. The use of specific plans along major arledal strests has also becone a common melhod for encouraging privats redeveloP meDt of poorly dweloped commercial corridors Redevelopment Plans The State legislalue has enacted laun which permit cities and counties to adopt redevelopment plans. Redevelopment plans are developed for the purpose q1 rcvi ali?ing and rehabili- lating blighled areas of a city or couaty. RedcvelopEeDt plans provide a means for govemmeut age[cies to encourage COMPTON IAND WE ELEMENT AENERAL PIAN 4 DECEMBER 3, 191 privale reinvestment in bltbted areas tbrough initial govenrment arsistance. Compton has adopted redevelopment platrs to focus redsvelopment elforts in the ce ral City area and along arterial roadwals. These plaos establish progra:ns for providing new development, upglading infrastructue, clcaning up building facadeg and making other improvements to enhance tbe appearance aDd frrnction of the Citys commercial and industrial areas. Prograos spelled out in tbese redevelopment plans implement land use policy objectives aniculated in lhis l.alld Use Elemenl Alrport r.qnd Use PlAlr 'fhe State l,ublic Utilides Code requires that airpon land use plans be prepared for all public use airports iD lhe State. The purpose of such plans is to provide for the orderly growth of airport lands and lan& surounding airpor6, and to safeguard lhe public Regional a@on laud use commissions are rcsponsible for preparing such plans and for reviewing dewlopmenl proposals wilhin airpon-iDlluenced areas. Such review is made independetrt of and iq addition to locat jurisdiction review. I:ad use decisioDs'n,de by local jurisdictions for propenies Ung within these airpon planning areas must be corsistent wilh any adopted airpon hnd use plan Compton Airport, in the soutbem part of the City, is a public airpon subjea b atpon land use plan requirements. As of 1991, the l,os Angeles County Airport hnd Use C,ommission had not adopbd a plaD for Compton Ailpo[ However, the City plans to cooperate wilh the Comrni.sion in drafting a plan which reflects city land use policy atrd respond! to the airpon's laDd use and safety requfuements. Regtorsl Platrs In thc laner half of the 1980s, growing regional clDcam over trafig air pollutio4 rising housing costs, atrd other issues affeaing the Southem Califomia mmmunity as a whole led SCAG to prepare comprehersive regional plans which addrcss these concems. Three plans whi& afiect planning in COMPTON I}ND IISE ELEMENT OENERAL PUIN 5 DECEMBER 3, 19,1 Comptoa include SCAG's R4ional Mobility Pla Growth Maaganau Plot, afi the Air Qualtty Manag@nenl Plan prepared by rhe South Coast Air Quality Management Dirtrict (SCA,QMD). These thlee plans are intended 1o work in concart to reduce traffic congestion and poUutant levels basinwide. Planning smtegies focus on reducing automobile and truck trafflc on the regional traDsportation network, as well as at local levels. Compton has induded in lhis General Plan relevaat policies and progr:ams which reflect and respond to SCAG'S and SCAQMD'S regional goals In particrlar, policies in this Land Use Element addrc,ss regional jobs/housing balame objectives; the Circulation Element contains programs aimed at reducing traffic congcstion; lhe Houshg Element discusses Complon-s role in providing affordable housing; and the Conservation/ Open Space/Parls and Recreation Element outliues the Cit/s elfora to panicipate in progarns aimed at improying regioral air qudity. COWTON IAND USE EIAMENT GENEML PI/N DECEMBER 3, 1991 LAND USE ISST'ES IDENTTIIE\TION The State General Plan Guidelines oulline in bmad terms the issues to be addressed in a land use elemenl However., the law identilies three specifc topics which must be covered - the staudards of population dersity and buildiag inteDsity for each hnd ure category, ideutification of lands subjecf to flding, and designation ol lands for timberland production (if applicable). The I-aad Use PIaa s€ction of ihis elencnt discusses land use categories and the population densities&uilding intensities assigned to each category. Flooding issue,sr as well as othcr potential land use constrainls, are adtlrersed belo$,. Timberlands are not dis€lssed since Compton is an urban community. IAND USE CONSIRAINTS Compton lies in ar area relatively free of environnental haz:rds, Tbose which are present do not place severe coDstrainls on developmenl The Public Safety Elemeut describes flooding and seismic conditions iu the City; these issues arc summarized in the following pamgraphs. Iand use constrainls ol greater con@rD are nol those imposed by nature but instead consist of those related to establbhed land use paltems. Flmdlng The I-os Angeles River runs along Comptonl eastertr The river serves as a -ajor drainage and flood connol facili9 for the ks Angeles Basir, collecting urban runolI from numerous communities as it courseE in a irlly- liued concrete channel &om the San Ga.briel Mountains south to the San Pedro Bay. The US. Army Corps of Fngineers ; rcsponsible for maintaining this facility. COMPTON I./,ND USE EI.EMENT CENEML PLAN 7 DECEMBER 3, 191 Inoeased urbanization througbout the Irs Angeles Basin has resulted in inoeased runofr into the rivgr. The Corps indicates thal the facility may not be able to fully co ain floc/s associa&d with a lo$year storm oargest storm $,ilhin a l0Gyear period) aDd that communities located along the river may experience low-level Ilooding of Aom 10 to 3.0 feet during su& an evenr. Figure LU-1 shou,s the boundaries of loGyear flood wateB in Comptor, which would be less than one foot deep. Baclgrouad ilata pertaining to flooding are found in &e Public Safety Technical Appendk Selsmlc C.onslilerallons Southern Califomia is an area known for earihquales and the hazards associaled with Oese seismic evenrs. Groundshaki[g represents the most common hazard, alfhough suc.h phenomena as ground surface ruptwe, laDdslidhg, and liquefaction (the failure of cobesionless, water-laden soils due 1o shakiDg) can occur in conjunaion with an earthquake. hnds subjecl to such hazanls may be uosuilable for certain B,pes of developmenl Groundshaking, surface fault rupture, and liquefaction represent ihe lbree seismic-related mncerDs for land use plrnning putposes. A branch of the Newpon-Inglewood fadt passes througb Compfon (Figure LU-1), and high grouDdwater levels create liquefaction problems in isolated area& Uke every community in fhe I-os AD8ele.s regioL Compton must be pepared to deal with minor earthquakes and an inwitable major seismic evenl Estsblshed rend Use Pattem3 Certaiu types of land use are by nature incompatibie. For examplq heavy industrial operatiors may produce noiseg smells, and traffic which adversely impact quiet residential neighborhoods. Airpor6 may have sirnilar operating characlerislics whicb suggesl that such uses be separated from residences, schools, and hospitals. Compton has two largg established industrial areas (in the southem seclion of the City and Belle Vernon Acres) and an COMPTON LAND T]SE ELEMENT GENERAL PIIN DECEMBER 3, 1991 E o. fotrE'i 9E a J IQ'd d OJ E E P E iP585=E I E3 c ic 8 E8 e EaL E[[ :tr E l E E .E E E B o d ao o 8 o 9 airport whicn afrect laad use. Alsq the two railroad lines represent. major noise sowces corstraining lald use. Airport operations in panicular inlluence land use palterDs itr the airporl ewirons. Itr additiotr to noise concerng flights ia and out of the facility rcpresent potential hazards to uses witbin the lsnding and lake-off pattems. Fligh routes to and from C-oll]ptoD Airport are designed to rninimize cortlicts with and hazard! to existing uses in the airport vicinity. Howevei, new proposed uses must recognize the airport and ils opemling cbaBcleristics. The airport vill cortimre to inlluence the types of land uses gstabffied an( luildiigs construcled wiihin the airpon-inlluenced area, whic.h will be defined by the airpon lad use plau to be prepared try the Ias Angelas County Airport l.and [Jsg Crrnrnissiorp. ANNDIITION PATTERN ComptoD h8s existed as an incorporated city since 1888. Over Lime, the City has growtr by anaexing propenies in atl directions. Prwious annexation activiry, howwer, has created poclet& or 'rslandn' of unincorporated County lands within &e Compton corporate limils (Figure LU-l). Complon has no jwisdiaion over these areas CoDsequently, the City cannot resolve land use incompautility concerns nor enflue tbat residenls iD these areas are provided vith adequate public services and infraslructure. OOMMI'NITT APPEARANCE Much of Compton was developed prior to the establishment of strirgent zoning regulatioDs or design guidelines. As a resull EaEy neighborboods and commercial and industrial districts appear haphazardly developed. Evidence of age and wear is also becoming apparenl as the City matures. City-sponsored redevelopment efforts have provided etrective means of upgrading specific commercial and hdustrial target areas. Private rcdevelopment initiatives have resulted in some recyding of older residential units to newer homes However, no citj flide efron has been undertaken to clean up aging COMPTON TAND T'SE ELEMENT GENERAL PI.,.IN 10 DECEMBER 3, 191 I commercial strips and indusfial seciors nor to establbh more defrnitivg descripfive development and design standards for new projects. Entrie,s to Compton are poorly delined, and major commercial streets orhibit an unAiendly "strip commercial' appearance common to maqr older southem Califomia communities. CTJLTT]RAL AND HISTORIC FTTA:II'RES Tko sites of clltural ard hisl.oric inler€st are located in Crmpton: Herilagg Houss at 205 Sou& Willowbrook Avenue and ihe Dominguez Ranclhouse (adobe) at 18127 Soulh Alameda Both rites are lisled as State historic landmarls. Bronze plaques identi$ing the sites read as follows: HERITAGE HOUSE "The origlrl house ol two rooms was buill in 1869 by A.R.. I.oomi.* Other rooms *,ere added by zuccessive occupaul& It was marked as the 'Oldest House in Compton' in 1955; purc.hased by the city Jutre 11, 1957; and removed Aom 209 Sooth Acacia Street to its pGsenl site in that year. Restored, refuraished, and renamed by the citizens of Compton as a tribute to early seders of the community, it was presented to the pubuc Apdl 14 1958.' DOMINGUEZ RANCIIHOUSE Dominguez Ranchhouse--central ponion built in 18 by Mauuel Dominguea Rancho San Pedro-10 square leagues graated provisionally by Governor Fages to Juan Jose Dominguez in 1784. Regranted by Govemor Sola to Cristobal Dominguez in 1822. Battle of Dominguez Ranch-fougbt on this rancho Octobsr 8 and 9, 184( when Calilorniam led by Jose Antonio C-arrillo repq[ed United States forces under Captair r i iam Mervine, US. Navy, in au altempt to recapluro &e Pueblo of [rs Angeles.' Heritage House is a woodframe, pilched roof falm housg while the Dominguez Ranchhouse has been modilicd with a ca- 1910 Mission Revival sgle facade. A local landmar( the site of the Bagle Tree," is marked by a bronze plaque at the corner of Poppy and Short Streete The coltPToN LAND USE ELEMBNT GENERAL PLAN DECEMBER J 191 Eagle Tree was an important boundary narker ia the 18th and 19th centuries. No additional bistoric or arc.haeologic siles are l COMPT:ON lrtND IJSE EIEMENT GENERAL P]J'N 72 DECEMBER 3 1991 LAND USE ELEMEM GOALS AND POLICIES Compton's vjsion for is future focuses on revitaliziDg the coDmunity and creatire betEr. safer tivinr and working enviroDments. Imprwing the phvsicai environment - housing condirions, the appearance of commercial ini inaustriat districts, lhe condition of roadways aud other infrastructure, oDetr sDac€ rcsources. laDd use relationships - represenls a big first steP t6*ard'this end. The goals and poticies preselted below refleo the Cit/s desirc 1o €reate a strongel more vital coEmunity and communig image. Tbe foUowitrs eoals and policies are ideudfied as either shon-term (S), medium rang-eiM), or tdng range (L). Short-term cover a Iive'year period, pl"nning perio( and long range medium ran[e inciudes a five to lGyear - indicates goils to be achieved ovet a 2Fyear time frame, or policies which represent ongoing City policies and programs. REVTTALIZE TIIE CITY A comptex combination of local, regioual and national economic and demographic trends itr rhe decades of the 1960s, ,0s and '80s has conmAu&d to the deterioration aud decline of Comptou's pbysical condirion and economic suPpod base. The Cily has attempted 1o reve$e the decline tbrcugh housing programs and redeveloPment Plans, bu1 has had ti.raited success, due in pan to a very depressed local economy aud a somewhat negative City image. The Citv realiz-es that to turn the tide aud revitalize tbe commGty econom.ically and physically, rehabilitation efforts will rced !o be toc'used fiIs1 oE targe! neighborhoods and dfutricts. The City will need to provide additioual market rate housing and at6ac! a mix of coEmercial busineses which serye local residents. Througb pilot projects, the City wiU show that Compton can be an attractive, yiable community. COMPTON LAND USE ELEMENT GENERAL PIAN 72 ocroBER, 1991 GOAL L& Revttalke Coltrpto[, alral crcate a safg attractlve' desirable commudty Phlch sttracts neri buslness$ alrd resldents ol 8II lncome ralges. PoUcv 1.1 (L): PreveDt the further physical and economic aeaiie of ihi Cit/s residential neighborhoocls and commercial bushess districts. Po[cv t2 (sJ): Adopt redevelopmelt plaos for the City's -^ierciai ino inausiria areas; limit tbe use of emineDt domain iu carying out redevelopmeut programs. Po[ca 1j] (S): Focls housiog program resouces and efforts on stib iring and rebabilitadlg the City's existing single-Iamily bousing stock Poltcv 1.4 (S): Establish and i.orplemetrt a comprehensive d"r"lop.ent srategni'hich works in concen with "-o6-i.redevelopmeut, [ousing and land use goals- PoUc? 15 (S): Work to obtain a state enterPrise zotre designation" Poltcy r.6 (L): Promote quality design in new developmeut projec,ts. Pollcy 1.7 (M): Implement a comprehensive progBm to improve the condition of City stleets. Poltcy lJ (IiO: Use specific plans aud similar planning appr6aches as meaDs to focus revitalizalion eflorts otr target neigbborhoods, \ Poltcy 1J (L): Use code enforcement efforts vigorcusly to identift propenies requirinq rehabilitarion; inform cited resideiti an',c busined peofle of Ciry programs available to assist with propeny renovatioa- Pottcy 1.10 (S): Maintain an aaive and effective prcgram to remove uon-conforming sigos. Poltcy 1.11 (S,L): Work with the Compton Uuiiied School Distict to remove any btighting inlluences which may be associated with schcol ptoperties. COM?TON I./ND USE ELEMENT GENEML PIAN t:i ocroBER, 19,1 Potlcy 1.12 (M): Elimilate latrd use compau'bility problcYns itr &e deUe Virtron acres area by encoura$trg redevelopmetrt of propenies supporting residential uses' Poliry l.lit (L): Maintain a stroDg effective police force' VARIED I.AND USE A varied commuaity is one which olien its residents a broad ranEe of housins a;d business opponunities' as well as equal accis o parts"-titraries, police and fue protectior' and social services liv allowing for a mix of uses, the City can achieve a more stabli econodic base, reduce tra.(fic congestioq and oeate a better living envtolmenl GoAL z0: Matotah I balameit 8nd diverslfieal ausfibutlon of lard use h Compton. PoUry 2.1 (M): Provide increased market rae housiug opponunities. Pollca 2l (S.L): Provide ilcentives to attract retail 6uihesses wnicl serue both the local and regional markeB."o-ierciai Pollcr,23 (L): Eucourase mixed use residential and retaflTservice commercial dwelopmens along compton atrd Roseirans Boulevards snd Wilmingtotr Avenue. Pollcf, 2.4 (M): Create an identifiable Cenual Business District around the existing goverument cllller. Poltl 2J (L): Focus itrdustria.l developmcrt in tie southern" westimmost, and nonh-central portions of the Cit/s plaflring are4 as identified o! the Land Use Poticy Map, to mi"im;ze iudustriat/residential lard use co licts. Potlcy 2.6 (L): Avoid an overconcetrtration of heaw iudus-trial uses. and discourage bdustrial aaivities whicb have the potetrtial to harm tbe euvirorunent and/or produce advdne health effects (eg., metal plating and procesing dye manufacturen, slaughler houses, petroleum Pioduct COMFTON IAND USE EISMEN| GENEML PIAN 74 OCTOBER, 19,1 mauuladurers, alrd industrial operatioDs which use exteDsive amounts of volatile solvenB). Policy 2.7 (L): hovide sutficient part liand ard open space resources to meet the communit/s diverse needs. Poucr 2J (L): Rwiew carefully proposals to cotrvert public scho6l propenies 1o alternative uses to ensure that trew usgs are coipaiible with and mee! the needs of surrounding residential neigbborhoods. Poltcy 29 (S'L): Ersure that zoning designatiors cigwide- corespond to Gercral Plan laqd use policy as sbown on $e General Plan hnd Use PolicY MaP. Policy 2.10(5): work with &e I.os Argeles County.Airpon I2nd Use Commission to establish an appropriate airpon land use plan for properties aftected by Comptotr AirPort operatiors. of the Poltsy 2.U(S): Recogpize the impoiance -Ricblard - Farmi residential neighborhood tbrcugh the continuance of zoning provisiors which reflec! shgle-family development on large lots with allouance for keePing 'rirn'k. STRONG ECONOMIC BASE A slrong business plesence in ComPton will prwide job opponu;ities for community residentg create increased acces td ietail and service commercial uses, and provide a broader tax base for rhe City. Tbe following goals and supponing oolicies outline the CiMs aim to attract and maintain tommercial and indusdiat enterprises Additional, more direded goals and policies are contained in the Economic Development Element. GOAL 3.& Proylde a tf,lde ratrg€ of busltress opportulties' and establlsh a stmng commerclal and industrtal base. Poltcy 3.1 (L): Vigorously implement tbe City's redevelopment plaDs. COM?TON IAND USE EIEMENT GENERAL PLAN 1) OCTOBER, 191 Poticv 32 (L): In eIIora lo a1t!ac1 new businesses, emphasize Compton's accessibiliry via passenger rail freeways, and anerial highwaYs. PoIcr 33 (L): Recomize tbe important rote that Polsy 3.4 (M): Encourage businesses to employ local residenb. Policr 3J (s): Encourage regionalxening develoPment at the auto mall site. Pollcy 3.6 (L): Work together with Compto! College atrd area tusinesses to estabtish job rraining PrograEs for local residents. (lt/r): centralized parking facilities to Potlcy 3.7 Esublish - serve and encourage use of commercial businesses located along major road*aYs. Poltcy 3J (SrL): Coordinate efrorts of the Comptou-Gamber of C6mmerce and the Redevelopment Agency 1o actively malket Oe City to prospecrive busi[esses. Pollcy 3J (S)t Encourage Cily of Compton employees to reside in Compton though a riety of incetrtive proga!$ including bouuses, real estate loal assisunce, and job Eaining/school allowauces. ADEQUAIE IMBASTRUCTTJRE AND PTJBUC SERVICES 10 SIJPPORT I.AND USE Over the long-range planning period coveted by this General PlaD, propenies citywide can be exPeded to rcdeveloP to higher densiry residendal uses and ne{more intense commercial ard industrial projects Iand use policy allows for lhis reuse and recycliag. New development will place bcreased demands on the Cit/s aging infrastructure (roads, waler system, sewer lin*, storm draiDs) and its public services, such as fire proteclio!, law euforcement, and libraries. In COMPTON I.AND USE ELEMENT GENERAL PIIN 16 ocToBE& 1991 order to provide rcsidents and business people with adequate service tevels, the City w l need to tie development approvals to the abilitv of infraitrucnrre and public sewice systems to mset iffrea;ed demands. These goals and policieg and the policies Public Fac ities suooortins-"ipf soals aqd contained in the EflLinl, asir" eompon-s desire to balancc tand use and the rysteEs that suPPort land use. Coal4.& Pmytde hftsstructuro gystems 8lrd publlc servlces that adequately meer the demands crtated ty lard use poltlY' PoUcy 4.1 (L): Linil developmetrt of new Medium and High Dens-ity Residential projects o thosc areas wbere water, se*.r,'aud street systems can suPPon more dense developEenL Reriuire systems to be uPgraded as trecessary !o zupport higher residential dersities. Poltcy 42 (L): tnclude necesary infrastructure improvemenls in proiect plars and funditrg arangemerts in areas targeted foi redevelopment and rwitalization" Pollcfl 43 (L): Involve the Fire and Police DePanments itr 10 eDsure that these the riview of developmetrt-concems ProPossls agencies' needs and are accounted lor in Projecl desiga. Pollcy 4.4 (S): Reouire wheuever possible childcare facilities for ail re.sidential divelopment projects of 50 or more dwelling uoits aDd au busiresses wilh 150 or more employee& Poltcry 45 (S)3 Encourage atrd sup'port to the extent possible childiare programs provided by the Compton School District' other public agenci*, and uon-profit organizatioos. Impact llandboolC Pottcy 4,6 (S): Prcparc a "Development - detaiiine the utility'atrd service needs and clsls to the Ciry of various-devetopmiut ttpes. The handbook is to be used by city stafi in asie,ssing Ge relative environmental and fiscal coss aad benefits of proposed develoPment Projed& COMPTON IAND USE ELEMENT GENERAL PIAN 11 octoBER, 1991 o TTIE LAND USE PI.AN This section of rhe Iand Use Element identifi$ the location atrd exlcnt ol rrltut" a"".ioo..ot in Compton and describes the shndards for thar e;;l"o-;";j Th" I:nd Uie Policy Map (Figure LU'z) risuauy. ilustrates ol use lad u.ie disuibutioD, atrd lhe texl indicates the typ€s and rntensrtles Dermitled within each tand use category depicled oa the map' lhls secflotr ilso outlines the programs and strategies ComPton wiU undenake to move bward Visiou 2010. IAND USE POLICY MAP The Gercral Plan Irnd Use Policy MaP Presented on the followiDs Dase lustrates the CiVs vision for its future. The olan shoini i communiw with diverse residential iiiiluortroo* and broid oPPonunities for commercial and itrd-ustrial business ente.priseg especially businesses whicb meet the enploynent and shoPPing leeds of community leside s. The map displavs land use-s for the entire General Plan plennini srei ihicb encompasses the city limits and iurroun-dine unincorporated-lands withitr Compto!'s sPbere of hlluence. ahe map divides the City i.trto earious land use districts and assig!'i each district a name, or land use desimalio!- land use designatioos provide necessary info;rarion about ltre tvDe and natue of developmetrt oermitted at a siven lo;;don While the terEs 'resideutial," icommercial," ui a "inarsria" generally are well understoo4 more unique desisratioDs like "Mixed Use" require exolanati COMPTON IAND USE ELEMENT GENERAL PIJN 18 ocroBER, 1991 TIIE LAND USE PI,AN This section of the I:nd Use Element identifres lhe localion aEd extenl of future developme in Complon and describes the standards for lhat developmenl The Land Use Policy MEp (Figue LU-2) visually illustratas land use distriburioq and the ten indicates the types and intensities of use permined wiftin each land use category depicted on the map. This scction also outlines the programs aud strategies Compton wiU undenake to move toumrd Vision 2010. I,AND USE POLICT MAP The General Plan l:nd Use Policy Map presented on the following page illustrates lhe City's vision for ils tuture. The plan shows a clmmunity with diverse residential Deighborhoods and broad opportunilies for commercial and industrial business enterpris€s, especially businesses which meet lhe employment and shoppiDg needs of comrriunity residena. The map displays land uses for the entire General Plan planning are4 which encompasses the City limits and surrounding unincorporated lantls witbin Compton's spherc of inlluence. The -ap divides the City into vadous land use districts aad assigns each distria a name' or land use designarion knd use dasignations provide necessary informal.ion about the D?e and lature of development permtbd at a givea location While the trms tesidentiat' 'mmmercial' and 'industrial' gonerally are well understood, more unique designatiors like Ilvlixed Use' require explanatior. Equauy important, State law requtes that the General Plan provide clear and coacise defiaitions of the land use catcgories indicated on the l:nd Use Policy Map. These defrnitions are provided below under the heading "Land Use Designations' cowToN I.4ND USE ELEMENT GENEML PI,4.N A DECEMBER 3, 191 The Compton General Plan establishes 9 land use categories. The three residential calegories allow for a range of houdng q?es for all income ranges, A provision in the Dwelopment Code for all residentially designated aress allows for a single- family residence on any existing lot of record" One commercial designation ald one industrial designation are povided to accommodate and encourage a range ol income-generating businesses. To allow for crealive reuse of vacant and underutilized propertieg, a Mixed Use designation is established The Public/Quas! Public and Open Space/Parks catsgorigs arc intendeq resFctively, to protect public lands for necessary public service and open space usas. Finally, the Transportarion desigration applies o major ta$portatioE corridors which fao:lilate the movement of people and goods lbrcugh atrd within Comptor" This element uses specific urban plaDring terEs to define the 9land use categories. For residential uses, the term'densit/ means the population and developmeDt capacity of land Density ranges are expressed in penons per acre or dwelling uda (the individual residential living spaces) per acra Development "intersity,' which applies to non-residential useg refeE 10 the extent of development on a lot - the total building square footage, building height, the floor area ratio, and/or tbe percent of lot coverage. Ia Compton, allowable building iDteDsity for tbe non-residential laud use designations is expressed in terms of floor area ratio. Simply slated, the floor area ratiq or FA& represerts the ratio between &e total Fos6 flmr area of all buildings on a lot and the tolal area of that lol For example, a 20,000 square foot building on a 40,@0 square foot lot yields an FAR of 050 as iuustrated in Figure LU-3. As the figure shows, the FAR controls use intensity on a lot and not actual building height or bulk A 0J0 FAR allorvs a low-rise building whicb coven mosl of the lot, a mid-size structure with reduced lot coverage, or a tall building with ample surrounding open space. COMPTON IAND USE ELEMENT GENERAL PI,IN D DECWBER 3, 1991 Posslble Bulldlng Conflgurations for 0.50 FAR f-'e.-> 2 Story \ax.y' 4 Story ln a zcr dSulct $, 1 a modmm FAR o, 0.60, ltD madrn sn suc'itEblo fl@ a6a ol a btddtrE on a /O,(D 8q. i. kn wuJd bs 20,m 8q. n (20,@ 8q. ft dvlded by 40,(m sq. n. Gq!ra|8.60). NOIE V.rddE .rE, @, f uff6i fo.! as &PP.d b6t fan grarn bvd lot 0016!06. Gross Building Ar6a (All Floors) Roor Area Faffo (FAB) = Lot Area Compton Gsnsral Plan 't2t3t91 Figure LU-3 Definition of FAR 23 IAND USE DESIGNAIIONS The General Plan bnd use designations are defined as follows: Irw DeBtty Rest{ierdsl (0 to E du/acre net): The kw Dersity Re.sidential caregory permits low scale residential development at densities of up lo cight units per acre. Based otr an average household size of 3.89 persons per dwelling, the maximum population density is 31 persons per acre. Developmenl consists typically of detac.hed siagle-family houses with private yanls (see Figure LU4), although attached units wirhin rhe allowable density range are also allowed, Olher permitted uses include schools, churcheg day care homes, public utilities and facilitie,s, and sinilar uses generally considered compalible with aDd serving the needs of residential neighborhoods. Existing single-family housing development in ComptoD corsisls of large lot developments (10,000 square feet and larger lot sizcs), as well as more mnventional subdivisions. Thui two zone disfia categories may be used rc implement the Low Density Residential designation - one which allovrs up to four units per acre and a se@ad for densities up to eiglt unils per acre. Medlum Denslty Restalentlal (&l to 1? du,/acre net): This designation allows for residential development at up to 17 units per ne! acre and a population density up to 66 persoDs psr acre. Developmont rypically corsisls of low-rise apartmer s, townhomes and condominiuns, and single-fam y patio homes on small lots (see Figwe LU-5). Uses and developmeDt deBities permilted in the l,rr DeDsity Residendal category arc also appropriate for Medium DeDsity Residenl.ial areas. Hlgh Denslty Restalenttal (17.1 to 34 ilu/acre mt): Ihis category represents the most inlense residential developmen! allorxed in Crmpton High Density Residential developmenl iacludes apartment complexes, more intense condominium projecrs (see Figue LU-6), and any of &e uses permitted in the lower dersity residential categories. The maximum population density is 132 persons per acre. COMPTON IAND I]SE EI.EMENT CENERAL PIAN 24 DECEMBER 3, 19,, -\ \ ///-_-=__-- -=- i I '-\ Compton Genoral Plan 12t3t91 Figure LU-4 Low Density Residential ?5 o l{ compton Genoral Plan 1213191 Figure LU-S Medium Density Residential ?5 Compton Gonsral Plan 12/3t91 Figure LU-6 High Density Residential a.t Only those developmetrt projects which incorporate superior design characterisdcs or provide amcnities for residenls - sucrh as onsite recreatior, open space above the minimum requirement& or covered parking - will be allowed to build at densities near the bigh end of the dersity rarye. AIso, dewlopments proposing housing for senior citizers or other City-identified special needs groups may achieve higher deDsities. DeDsity bonuses abow the 34 udt per acre naximum are permitted if a housing development meets the requiremenb set forth in Section 65915 of the State Govemment Code. Gercral Commerelsl (L00 FAR nadnum): The General Commercial catogory allows for a wide range of retail and service commercial ues de.stned to meet-!Q!q6u!i8gid9-rJrd-.- sub.,rr+ional shoppirg and service rggls. 'Iypical pernitted ' uses iuclude Effi-6EE&esse-1 personal service establishments, food and beverage sales, hotels and moGls, automotive sales and repair businesses, as weU as low intensity professional ofices aad frDancial iDstitutiors. Ary use permitted in the Mediur Density and High DeDsity Residential categories are also atlowed in General Commercial. The Cit/s zoning regulations more specifically identi$ uses permitted in comnercial areas. In recognition that. not all General Commercial uses may be compatible with adjacent residential developmentl the zoning regulations will provide for two retai(service commercial districe - one for neighborhood-oriented uses and the sscond for larger scale commercial developments. The neighborhood commercial distria will allow only those use,s needed to meel the immediare shopping and service needs of a local population The developmenls should be pedestrian odented and limited to sites less than one acre in size. The neighborhood commercial district wiu prohibit uses with operating characteristics which are considered incompauible with residential living, suctr as fast-food reslalrants and auto service facilities which getrerate high traffic volumes and noise levels. Mlxed Uscr The Mixed Use designation provides opportunities for the dewlopmcDl of integrateq pedestrian-orientd uba:r scale residential. commercial aad low intensity industrial projects. T$o t,?es of mixed used developmeDts are envisioned: COMPTON LAND IISE EI.EI'ENT GENEML PIAN 28 DECEMBER 3 191 A combinalion of Medium Density RBidential uses with retail and servica commercial busin$s$ along anerial highways (maximun residential density ol U unils per aoe, raaximun commercial intensity of 050 I,AR); arxd An integrated development of professional office, retail and service commercial and light industrial land uses in a busines park sefting (mavimnrn overall FAR of 0.75). Industrial uses are limiled to businesses cotrducted wholly within eaclosed buildings and vhich do not gemate siguifcanl volumes of lruc& trafic. Warehousing operations are prohibited except under special conditions as recommended by the Planaing Commission" Properties designated for Mixed Use require 6 rninirnum project area of two net aare& I'rojec'Is of less than tro acres will be considered based on a remmraendation from the Planning Comnission The development shall be regulated by a special overlay zone districl All existing uses within the Mixed Use area at the tiDe of this plaa's adoption are corsidered consistenl vith the GeDeral Plar- Irdusfial (05) FAR madmum): The Industrial designation is $tablished 1o accommodate a wide rango of industrial activilies, from light maDufacturiDg and warehousing to more intensive uses such as mal.erials processing and large scale product fabrication Service and retail uses incidental to and supportive of tbe primary industrial activities are also permilted. The sp€cifrc q?es ol uses permiled are gowrned by zoning regulations. Two zone disaids wiU be mainlained to dilferentiate between light industrial and heavy industrial use.r, The types of aaivities permited will depend upon environmenlal constraints and adjacent land uses. P$ltc/Qrast-Publtc (L00 FAR madmum): This designation appues to lands and facililies that are owned and/or operated by govemment ageDcies and quasigovernment entiti€s suc.h as scbool districts and pubtic utility companias. PerEilted uses in this category iDclude Coulty courls, City HaU, public schoo\ fire stationg flood control facilitieE Compton Atporl, and the like. COMPTON I,INDI]SE.EMENT GENERAL P1.4N 29 DECEMBER 3, 19p1 Open Spaceparls (O10 FAR madmun): All public parla and City-owned recreational ftcilities, as well as permanent open spaca features guch as Irs Aryeles River and cemeteries, are designated Pob/Opea Spaco. The only structures permitted include colrmudty facility buildi"g. within parlc, appurtenanl mai erancs facilities, and builclings housing uses rypicauy associared with cemeteries. Tta$port8tlon (0.m FAR): The Transportation designation applies to lhe major lransportation {eatures in Compton - the freewal,s and railroad rights-of-way. No development is allowed on any parcel designated Tmrspoflation oD the Irud Use Policy Map. IMPLICAIIONS OF IAND USE POLICY The maximlm permitted developmenl intensilies assigted 1o each of the General Plan land use categories enable the Cily to anticipale lhe future level of development citywide and 1o plan public service and inAa$mctue needs accodingly. It is importanl to note that the maximum inleDsities permitted by laud use policy will not be achieved oa every parcel of land. Existing sound construclion at exbting lower dersities aad intersities probably wiU not re.ycle to more inteNe uss!. AIso, lot size coDstaiD6 and conliguations, individual development objectiveq unique projea designg and olher faclors wiU lead to varying intensities thrcughout the City. For the purpose of forecasting growth, certain assumptions must be made about the average level of development expected wilhiD eaci of the nine General Plan land use designations which allow developmenl Table LU-1 outline.s demity/futensity assumptions aud indicates the numbcr of residential unit4 square lootage of commercial and industrial developments, and other afiicipated development, as well as forecasts for Compton's resident population at build oul. COMPTON LAND USE ELEMENT GENERAL PIAN 30 DECEMBER 3, 1991 TABLE LU.1 IAND USE POLICY IMPI,ICATIONS I.IIND IIS CdIBGOTT TYIICAL rOIAL UNTIII TSIAL TSTAL IJNIB AI{D DBISITY OR INq)RFOBAAE) OR rt t{Nnio OR ttA;[urJll tqurfr@ IMEI!$ry OTTAREA AqOUSAIID AIBA rgorrsAtaD I'BIIEIT INIEllsIIY PACIOR (ACABSI SUARB TABT IACBESI SOUARE FEET f,NI}E{TIAL I,(r Dcil y (0E dva.) 22ia 8A, dt 98 2J,6S8 d! Mcdra Dcldt, (&r"r d4.c) :81 ,,za d! 1y uP18 t ! Irbh t @re, (17.l-31 du/ar) --t An d! et Z@1 d! !a ( t,I&) IsB R.ddtortd (rJ%) I $49 d! 43@ td cm.fthl ({5%) 03 FAR 2J0 3,,6l,,d an 3,?8 !( rn&ddal ($%) O{O FAR tx \ln kd 113 a{9 ld GE{BAL OOUMB'IAI. O3O FAB ta 1J64 !'f i6 2@td INI'I'SIAT\L 0.1o rAR 9J{ 16,617Id 9Ja 16517 llt i\ PUrIC/arrAS-rrrErc 0lO TAR 614 J,!62 rd 743 6,4m !d orE{ scAcB/PArs 0.d)I'AR 78 0td x4 0td TBIINFOTCAIIOI{ 0.m rAR 1gl 1'g/7 otd rgr4rs 4514 8 Lddcdl Utu Unta Ag d! {3379 d! m,689 !ct.a3 4J30 ld 6J58 !{ 1&r, rd 19J15 td Ar,bEldola d!-d!rc[h8 lrtq a.oa(ilq rARsOmr dta nrlo: tdEtidEld .qcrc Nor!: N[elcB rnlyad &Ll alu. to rD$tl!a. '|d Popdatlon ba!.d on svlra8c boo&nold dr. ot 3a9 COMPTON IAND I/'SE EIEMENT GENEML PIAN 31 DECEMBER 3, lDI DEVEIOPMENT STRATEGIES AND IMPLEMENTATION OF IANI) USE PIAN This element provides definitive statsments of Compton's land use goals and lhe vision lhe City has established for a revilalized commuaity. But how does the City achieve these goals? lry}a1 ap,proaches and resources can be used iD the short, medium, and long terms to create a stron& viable City? The City recogli"is tbat change necesarily will be incremental and gradual, and that revitalization eforts will require cooperation and coordiration among all City depar[nents, as well as city inledace with county, statg and Federal agencies. shoft-TeEr Strategies atr.l Pmgrams Compton will undertake the fotlowirg strategies in the sbort term (6ve yean) to implement tand use policy. Idmti& and Rflltslz€ Ptlot Pmject Arcas! In order to demonstrate that revitalizaiion efforts can worlg the City will initiate pilot projecb at a small scale for individual residential neighborhoods and foclsed mrr.Eercial and/or industrial areas. For the residential neighborhoodg improvemeats will include: o Repaving street surlaces, and repairing cracked stderralk and curbs o Rehabilihring houses and aparirents to meet building code requiremcn6 and to improve exterior appearaaces. The City wil identi& households and property owners qualifed to panicipale in grant and loarr programg and will work Lo obtain fiinding assistance for those qualifed. (The Housing Elemc erpands on housing programs.). o Removing Erafiti and similar blighting inlluences. o Planling street trees, and assisting residents with landscape maintenance. COMPTON L/IND t SE EIEMENT GENERAL PI.AN DECEMBER 3, 19,i o Providing street lighting fixnles which serve as crime deterrert& o Establishing neigbborhood watch and similar prograns clordiEted wili the Police DeparErent o Putting merhanisns and programs iD ptrrcs to mainlain the conditions ac.hieved througb the revitalization efrorts. Funding for the residential pilot programs will include the cit/s Comnunity Development Block Graat (CDBG), redevelopment lax insement, and State and Fedeial 8ran1s. Pilot projeds in commercial and industrial areas will require both public and privale effort& The City has the mec.hanism in ptace to facilitate localized revitalization effors (redevelopment plans) and bas succeeded in encouraging site-specific revitalizatioD. Thrcugh the pilot program, however, the City will identi$ a bloc.k or a corridor commercial segm.ent where more widespread resuhs can be achieved. Improvements and strategies will include: o RepaviDg street surfaceq and repairing crac.ked sidewalls and curbs. o Replacing aging vatcr aDd sewer lines with larger caPacity, adequate system& o Relocating electric power lines from street &onlages 1o alleys or underground. o hoviding adsquale of-street parking facilities. o Removing grafiti and similar blighting inlluences. o Rehabilitating exisrirg; hDctional structures, or redeveloping a block with a more comprehersive, cobesive development project o Altracring businesses which mset residenrs' shopping alld service necds Enterprlse Zones To encourage private investment in comrnunities with depressed or decliring economieg the California legidatue has eslablished atr e .erprise zone COMPTON LAND T]SE ETEMENT GENERAL PIJ'N 33 DECEMBER 3 191 plogram. EDterprise zones oIIer special programs and incentives, such as tax oedits ard interql deductions, to assist an arca's existing companies atrd to altract ngw businessgs. JudsdictioDs Eust quali& and comlrete for an enterprise zone desiguation The State plall3 to desigDate seven new zones b5r the end of 199. Compton will apply for an enterprise zone designation for the 19y2 clde, If selected to participate, the Compton Rcdevelopment Agency wr'll work closely with the enterpdse zone executive director to combine efrorts and resourcqs to attact new burircss to the City. Create C-entral Buslness Dbtrt f: Complon has Do ideDtifrable downlown Government services are centrally located at the County complex/City Ha[ but very few support uses - restaurants, shope, open space features, higher density residential developmen6 - have been built around &e govertrment center. The localion ofa Blue Line passenger rail station and multi-modal traDsi! center within $'alking distauce of the government cenler create a unique opportudty 10 6eate a more divenified Central Busines District, or CBD. A successful CBD combines business activities with support services, and encourages pedestrian activity with attractive, safe sidewalls and passagewaln and shopping opportunitias. Figure LU-7 identifies an approximate 12-block area, ceDtcred aroutrd the government comple,4 whictr could mmprise a viable CBD for Compton" The lard use policy Dap alloq/s foi a balanced mk of la:rd usss within lhis delineated area The City will prepare a specilic plan to more clearly identi$ permitted uses and preferred development approac.hes. The plan will provide for safe pedestrian wap from &e multi-modal center to key employmenl cenGE \rithin the CBD. Auto Plaza Slts The 1980s saw tbe emergence of the freeway-oriented auto mall as a new developmert and markering approach for inoeasing car sales. In an efrort to capture a subregional market share of car sales and the associated sales tax revenues, Compl.on facilitated development of the Compton Auto Plaza- However, a nalionwide slump in auto saleE mupled wi& fierce competition from olher nearby auto malls, prevenled the a COMPTON t!4ND WE ELEMENT CENERAL PI,4N v DECEMBER 3, 191 _) tl ll. rZ. I, r [][|t EHE .9A3 5i{g H gE 6 3 11 'oo 6' ! tr o 6 fc o f t- o CI .E3 { o :l 6 6o !, o a e ! :ta Compton faolity fron being firlly utilized despite the lcvel of improvements provided and the site's prime lo€atiotr adjacent to the Artesia Freeway. The site otrers opportunitier for regional-serving developmenl As indicated on rhe land use policy map, rhe City plaDs for commercial businesses on the site. Horrever, a:highest aDd best use' delermination lies ouside of the scope of lhe General Pla!" Thus, the City will complete an economic and narket analysis by 1992 to define &e best use. Recommendations will be implemented through the redevelopment plan applicable to the site. Development Cj()de The land use designations shown on the land use policy map describe in general terms the land uses and maximum intelsilies and densities permitted within eac.h of 1be caGgories. The C /s developmenl code contains more defrnitive use regulatioDs and development standaJ&. Table LU-2 shons the relationship betwesn the General Plan land use caGgories and zoDe districts. This table wiU be used to implement land use policy by indicating how properties citvwide should be zoned to be consistent with the la:rd use poiicy map. The City wi[ uadertake qstematic examination of zoning/General Plan relationships to determine which properties will need to be rezoned, and will accomplish the rl rezo Dg. Specmc Plan: The use of specific plaDs can gready facilitale planning and development within special tarBet areas. A Specfic Plan Area designation will be utilized for those areas where a specific plaq as provided for by State l.aw and defiaed by the Cit/s Development Code, has been adoprcd. Specifrc Plans may be prepared for any area in ihe City, but typicaly should be prepared for land with environmental constraints or unique land use mncerns whic.h require site particular land use and desiga contol. Specifc plaD! must be consistent qdth all elements of the General Plar" Amendmenl to the Iand Use Policy Map shal be rcquired for projects which exceed the paraneters of the existing land use designation for &e property. The Specific Plan Area desipation shall be applied to the Land Use Policy Map aad be accompanied by an ideDtifier that will correspood to the adopted Speciic Plar Specifrc Plans will contain the trye.s COMPTON I-/tND I,sE EIEMENT GENERAL PI.AN 36 DECEMBER 3, 1991 General Plan Land Use Designations lrbGd U8o .EE b EE E EE QE E5 {E I EE E E> E E6 = EE of Zorp Cqnpdus wltl @t€ral Plan D€slgrdon ZoF Clty May FH Csn@Uo UndBr Cendn Clrcurlsarca Zon6Thd Arc Nd Cfir@UE Nsw ZqtfE Dbflci Stuirl Ba c,€ded No ZorfrE Reqldted 12t3191 Compton consral Plan Table LU-2 General PlanZoning Relationship 37 ./ ard iDteEsiti$ of land use.x aecial standards, and other pmvisions as appropriate. Areas within Compton to be coDsidered for &e development of Specific Plars (see Figure LU-7) include: 1. The Iang Beach Boulevard corridor; 2. The Quarry Site; 3. The Airporq 4. Auto Plaza; 5. Central Business Distict (CBD)i 6. Alondra Dump Site; a:rd 7. All other areas that need special attentio!" Medllm-Term Straaegles and Programs The folowing programs aad projects vill be undertaken in the mediuo range (within 10 yean) plsnning pericd. Alameda Corrtdon Compton is a member of lhe joint planning authority rasponsible for formulating and approving options for development of the Alameda Corridor. The coridor is 1o be convened to a limited access, dual purpose truck and rail freigh tavelway. The Circrlation Element disqrsse,s the corridor in geater detail. The City will continue to be involved in selecting a development option whic.h best serYes ComptonS interests. With completion of the corridor, rail and lruc} traflic along the route will in6ease, creating additional noise concerns for land uses lying along the riglt-of{ray. Of particllar concem are resideDtial struciures. To mitigale future noise problems, the City will encourage development of a landscaped pad(way bulfer betweeD the route aDd abutting residences. A sound \[:all may also be necessary to shield residences from train and truck lrafic noise. The tier of uaits along Alameda Street may need to be removed to faciutale parhf,ay development (Figue LU4). Thmugh streets may then be converted io COMPTON I.AND USE ELEMENT GENERAL PIAN 38 DECEMBER 3 191 culde-sacs to create distinct neighborhoo& along, bul protected froD, lhe corridor. tr'.llmlnoie Latrd Use Ircompadbllldes: Througbout ComptoD, isolared propenies support land uses incoDsisteDt with their zoning and/or the General Plan land use desigDatioD& Over the long term, the City will r$olve these inconsisGncies through redevelopment activity ard ongoing erforcsment of 2s'iig rogulatioD!. However, in the Belle Vernon area (soe Figue LU-7), land use inconsistency and incompatibility problems are widespread and require more focused elforls, particdarly with respect to the residerlial uses existing amid heavy industrial adivity. Tho land use policy map provides for industriat useq wi& a small commercial center, for the entire Belle Vernon area. Thus, nonconiorming residential uses vill neod to relocate Aom lhe area. Due to the poteatial hazards facing residences living within Belle Veruoq the City will initiate progra.Ds to relocate resideDts and to recycle propenies 1o permitted uses ahead of amortization schedules established by zoning regulations. Redevelopment au&ority wi[ bs the primary meaDs used to implement this prograrn Joht Use of School Sttes: The CoDservalion/Open Space/Parks ald Recroation Element identifres a defrciency iu pubfc pa* Iands in Compto& with limited vacant properties and funding sources available to correct the deficiency. Howeveq the land use policy nap does show extensive lrubUc school distrid land holdings. School propenies, panicularly &e plalng fieltls and playgrounds, represenl opporlunities for joint use. In tbe medium range plarning perio4 the City wil work witb the Compton Unified School District to reach a joint use agreement and to identiry joint use sites and City prcperties covered by the agreement Mlxed Uss: I:ad use policy provides oppornrniries for Mixed Use deyelopments on large, well-located propenies The intent of the designation is to enmurage integrate4 well dxigued projects compatible with their surrounding neighborhoods. The major propenies plaoned for Mixed Use development include the &ive-iu theatre siG on Rosecrals Boulevard and the clay nining operation betweeu Rosecrans Boulevard and 135th Streel COMPTON I.AND USE EI.EMENT GENERAL PI.AN 39 DECEMBER 3, 1991 Because the drive-in site abuls low dersity residential neighborhoodq Mixed Use will corsist of commercial and residential use.* The day mine site is more appropriate as a Mixed Use business park For both of the,se sites, qpedfrc plals or similar detailed development plans wi[ be prepared. IangTerm Strategies and Pmgrams The followin! paragrapbs describe ongoing proBrams and appoaches the City will employ over the long term (20 years) to implement land use goals and policies. InErface ntth Compton Crlle$E Compton College, locatod near Oe Cft/s major industrial park along rhe Artesia Freeway, ofren a polenlial resource to area businasses tbiough its te{.hnical and other tnining and education progams. Redevelopment projec6 around the college could attract businesses which would employ Etudenls and graduats Aom programs ofiered by the college. The City and college will together develop a stralegic plan whictr defines programs and businesses to bs targeted and which identilies specific actiors to be undertakeD to implemeDt the plan The Citfs primaly re$otrsibility will be to accommodate land uses identifed as neccssary for plaa implementatior" Redeyeloprnent Efiortss In fie past, Comptoa has had varied success with redevelopment plans to revitalize specilic areas of &e City. The ptanned adoption and implementation of a single redevelopment plan incorporating all commercial and industrial areas will ena.ble the City to rnanage redevelopmenl prcgrarDs more effeaively. Redevelopment ellorts will continue to play a major role in rehabilitating infraltruciurg altractitrg new busiuesses to Compto!, and providing aeslhetic improvemenr wihin fhe Cit/s business districls. Zoning Oralll8rrcs snd C.ode Erforcemeng On a daily basi+ City staff wil be using the Development Code to review development proposals to ensure consistency wiih zoning requirements an4 by relationship, General Plan policy. Code eDforcement efforb will allow the City to identi& blight and unsafe conditioas and thus implemenl City revitalization goals. The City will continue to maintain a strong code edorcemeal progaDr, auocating adequate penonnel aDd resources to meet identified needs. COMPTON lrtND I,sE ELEMENT AENEML PIAN 40 DECEMBER 3, 1,91 Am€xatlons The planning area covered by the General Plan land use potcy map includes 'islands' of unincorporated County latrds, as well as uahcorporated properties located west and aorth of Compton In order to fully accomplish aad sustaia revitalization gods, the City should be better able to control latrd use on properties affecting its own residential neighborhoods aud business districts. Compton will establbh tirnetables for annexing laEds wirhin its sphere of inlluence which would benefit from and provide benelits to the Cit/s revitalizatiou efiorts. Itr the interim, the City wil cooperate wi& the Coutrty in County redevelopment programs. COMPTON I.4ND T]SE ELEMENT GENERAL PI,IN DECEMBER 3, 1991 CITT OF COMPI]ON GENERAL PI,AN HOUSING ELEMENT December 3, 1991 TABLE OF CONTENTS SecdoD Psge Intoduclion 1o the Housing Element Purpose of the Housbg Element 1 Scope and CoDtetrt of Elemetrt 2 Related Plans and Programs Citizen Participation 8 Housing Issues Summary oI Housiug Needs 9 Housing Constainrs 25 Housing Opporturities 31 Housing Element Goals and Policies Housing Opportunities 35 Rehabilitation and heservation 36 Elininatiou of Blight and Iaad Use Conllicts 38 Increased Home Ownenhip 39 Equal Housing Opportunities 39 Preservation of At-Risk Housing Unia 40 Energy Corserration 40 The Housing Plan Housing ProFams 42 Funding Sources 59 COWTON EOT]SING ELEMENT GENERAL PI.AN DECEMBER 3 191 LIST OF TABLES Tsble Page H-I Slate Requircments for Housing Elemenls 4 H-2 City of Compton Housing Units at Risk 79 II-3 Gencral Plan BuildOut - Residential Polenlial 33 H4 Housing hogram Summary 65 LIST OF FIGUBES ngure Page H-1 SCAG RHNA 798v1W4 11 H-2 Vacanl Property De,sigDabd for Residential Use to Achieve City Housing Goals v COMPTON EOUSING ELEMENT GENERAL PI.AN DE@MBER 3, 191 INTRODUCTION TO TTIE HOUSING ELEMENT The Housing Elenent represeDts an ofEcial municipal response to a growing awareness of the need !o provide housing for all economic sepents of the community, as weu as to legal requirements that housing policy be made a part of the pl,nning proces. The Compton Housing Element has been prepared in complia.nce with rhe 1989-1994 five-year update crde for cities in lhe Southern Calilornia Association of Govemments (SC{G) judsdiaion PIJRPOSE OF TIIE HOUSING EI,EMENT The Laad Use EleBent addresses housing in a spatial context by indicating the locatiou and densities of various housing types citywide. The Housing Elemen! however, is concemed with specilically identifyiug wap in which the City wil meet the housing needs of Compton's resident population" This element outlines strategies and programs tbat focus on: 1) rehabilitaling substandard housing; 2) consewing the clrrenl housing slock; 3) providing opportuaities for home ownership; and 4) mailtaining the current level of affordable housing. Housing issues in Comptoa include the following: o Compton is an older, builtout community wilh vttuaUy no vacant land available for new residential development o Past land use policies and practices have creal.ed land use compalibility problems, with industrial aaivities encroaching into residenlial neighborhoods. o More Oan 80 percent of the Cit/s housing stock is over 30 years ol4 meanitrg that rehabilitalion and maintenance efforts wiU need to be stepped up to preserve existing housing stock cow70N EOLSING ELEMENT GENERAL PIAN DECEMBER 3, 1991 Compton contaiDs a signficant number of substaadard and/or dedining dwe[irg unils, paniqiarly among rental propenies with absentee landlords. A sigdlicant proponion of &e Citt's households are lower income, over half of whic.h spend greater than 30 Percant of their income otr ren! or mortgage costs. The 1990 caDsus identifies approxinately 35 percent of the Citt's housing stock as overcrowded. City olEcials believe unit overcrowdiug increased during the 1980s primar y as a result of substantial immigration of large-family households, with no significant inoease in the housing stocls special needs groups in &e City-large familie,s, female- headed households, &e elded disalled penong aad the homeless-face inreasing ditriculties iE locating decsnt, affordable, safe housing. The Housiug Elemenl establishes goalg policies, and implemenlatior prograns 1o address these housing issues. The focus of housing policy and programs is to rehabilitale the exisring housing stock and !o renovate neighborhoods. The efforts wiU be aimed lowaid stopping the physical dedine of the residential neigbborhoods tbrough housing rehabilitation proglams, inAa$ruclure improvemenl project, crime prevenlion, and community awareness. The other General Plan elemenls adclress goals aad policies whictr support neighbofi ood revitalization objectives. SCOPE AND CONTEM OF ELEMENT The Housing Element consists of two componen8 \f,hictr logether meet lie requirements of applicable Shte statules- this element and the Housing Technical Appendix. The Techaical Appeudix, bound under a separate cover, contaim the backgound demographic and bousing statistics which provide the fouadation for housing policl direction. This eleme focuses on housing policy and the programs Compl.on will undenake in puFuit of housing goals. These goals aad policies are clearly defined in the Goals and Policies seaion which follows. COMPTON EOWINC ELEMENT GENERAL PIJ'N 2 DE@MBER 3 199l The State Ijgislature reclgBizes the role of local general planq and particularly the housing eleneDt, itr imPlementhg Statewide housiag goals to prwide decent atrd sound housing for all persors. Furthermore, tbe l.egislature stresses mntinuhg clforts toward providing allordable housing for all ilcome groups. The major concems of lhe I-egislature with regard to the preparal.ion of housing elements arc: o Recoglilion by local govemmenls of their rspoDsibility in contributing to the attainment of State housing goals; o Preparation atrd implementation of City ard County housing element which coordiuate with State and Federd efiorts in achieving Stale bousiDg goals; Participaiion by local jurisdictions in efforts required io altain Stale housing goals; and Cooperation between local govemmeats 1o address regional housing neetls. The Stale Departmsnt of Housing and Commudty Development sels fortb specifics regarding the scope and contert of housing elements prepared by cities and couaties. Table H-1 summalrizes State Housing Element requiremeats and identifies the applicable sections of the Compton Housing Element aDd Tecbnical Report where &ese requircmenb ale addressed. REI,ATED PI,ANS AND PROGRAMS The provision of housing is a regional issue, and regional government agencies at the County, Stale, and Federal levels have developed housing policies and prograr::s which alIect Compton" The following paragraphs describe these related plaDrdng efforts. SCAG Progqrns: Most sigofican0y, SCAG has prepared two poliry documents which iullucnce the City's housing poticy formulation-tbe 1988 Regional Hous@ Neels Assesnent (RIINA) and the 7989 Growth Mougement Prz,r. The RHNA outlines anticipated housing needs for all cities in the sh- county SCAG regior Tbe RHNA and ir relationship to COMPTON EOT]SING ELEMENT GENERAL PLAN 3 DECEMBER 3 1991 TABLE H.l SIATE HOUSING ELEMENT REQUTRED HOUSING ELEMENT COMPONENT REI'ERANCE Howlpr Neeil! A3sea8ment A@lysii of Dopdltioa trends in Housing Te.bni.st Apperdh - CoEpto! i! relatioB to ,tgional Dedograplic Treods tread6 Ploje{lio! atrd quantifi.atio! of Eousing Techni.al Appeodh - Coeptonl existing ald Foje.ted t{ousehold Ctara.tcristica housing rceds ior all iEcoDD group3 Ana.llais ord doorbentation of Ilousing Te&rical Apperdk - coeplo!'s housiDg c.haraderistics Eolsehold CtaIaderiI(ics induding, tle fololringl a. Ierel of housing cosl coBpared Holsiug Technical ApFtrdn " to ability to pay; Ctsra(leristics b. over6o\rdiBg; Housing T€chnicsl ApFndix - cll8ra(lertti.s bolsilg stocL clndition Housing T..[d.al Appeudn - HousiDg Urdt (lsracteristiG An iDvertory of latrd suitlble for HousiDg EleEetrl - Eouring Issuos rBideatial de!'elopnent iocluding ilaaat sites ald site3 h.arliDg rede\,elopme potentirl ald an amlFir ot tie relalio6hip of zoning, public fa4ilities aad s€rticcs to th6e aites AnalFis of exisling asd potential Houshg Technical Apperdix - golierlmerlt8l colatrairltJ upon the HousiDg coBtrsiots Eaintcallae, improvemcnl, or devetopEeEt of houliug for aI incoEe groupe COMPTON EOIISING ELEMENT CENERAL PI-AN 4 DECEMBER 3 191 TABLE H.l STATE HOUSING ELEMENT REQI'IREMENTS (Continued) BEOI'IRED HOUSING ELEMENT COMPONENT REFERENCS AnllFis of €qistiDg ald poteDtlal Eousing Te.tnical App€odh - aolgoverDEe d alld aarLet Eouring colscaiE$ coEtraiBts upolr BaiBtenance, imploveDrcDl, and/o! derelopuelt of housirg tor a[ ilcoEre lerelg Anrlt{is ol spe.ial holsilg rcedsi Housing Tednical Appeadn - lardicsppe4 eld6ly, lalge fa&ilies, HoBehold Ctarader'rltics feraale-headed holseholds ad iomeles! ArubBi! of opportunitiB for ercr&r HousiDg Te.hrical Appeldh - coiservatioB sith resped to Eousing const ain& rBidential de!,elopEent Goab and Pollde3 IdeEtiicario! of CoErpton's Hoo3ing EleBert - Goah ad Polici6 coalrunity goaL ,elarive to EaiDleDascc, iEprovehent, 8od derdopdeat of Lousing Quatrtified objedivB ad policic Housing Eledent - Holsing Pba relative to the &ainteBancq improveoeDt arld d€relopdent of housing fu coaptotr Implemeptstlo[ hoer?p A.lr imploa€otation program shonld do thc folorving Identi& ade{uate .ite. rrhic.h $i[ be Housing EleEell - Housing Plar a.de aidlable tllough appropriate acrioa with required public senices asd facilities for 8 Eriely of holsiEg tlD€s for a[ inconie tevels COMPTON EOUSING ELEMENT GENERAL PIAN DECEMBER 3 191 TABLE II.1 STATE HOUSING ELEMENT REQIJIREMENTS (Conrimed) RF{UIRED SOUSING ELEMENT COMPONENT RET'INENCE A.iilt i! tte derelopeeit ol HousiDg EleEeal - HotBing Pla! adequate housing to Eeat t[e rceds of low. strd eodarate-iBcome households Ideotify aa4 wLeo appropriale aDd EousiDg Elelaent - HoDsiDg PIss possiblq reEove goveraaeo&l coa6faints to the isiotenance, improvernent, snd dereloptaelt of housing in coEptotr Conlewe atrd itupIove the coBdition Housing Blalnelt - HolsiEg Pls! of tbe eristiDg afiotdrble housiDg stock itr CoDpton Itodote bo!6ing oppoltu[ities fo! Housing Eleoreut - }Iousitrg Plan 6ll l,eirols reSatdl6s of race, religioD, !€!i, Earitd slltur, aturstry, national odgitr o! color COWTON EOUSING ELEMENT GENEML PIJN DECEMBER 3, '91 Compton housing policy are disctssed in the seaion of this elemetrt titled Slousing Issues". 't\e Growh Managaner, Prm represents SCAGS efrorts to betler balance the housing and jobs distribulion throughout the SCAG region and thus rsduce trafEc congestion aud air pollutaut emissions In the plaa Compton is identfied as lyitrg within the Central Irs Angeles subregion" This subregion is lobs ricb"" meaning that the subregion provides jobs for penors living withiu and ouside of is boundaries. People commute into the subregion, which may be mnsidered atr emplolarent cetrter, Bther than a "bedroom comrnunity," as are marw cities in western Riverside and San Bernardino counries] Cities within Jobs rich" subregions are encouraged to increase bousing opponunilies. State Progqmsi As described above, tbe State Departmenl of Housing and Community Developmenl (HCD) oversees jurisdictions' efforts to mmply wirh State housiDg law. HCD also administer programs whicb support construdion and rehabilitation of housing for low and moderale income househokls; which provide renlal as.i.lancei and &e like. Federal Programs: The U.S. Deparm of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) sporso$ many programs to assist lowe! income housing development The Commudty Development Block Grau (CDBG) progran provides direc! grants 10 Compton and gives the City latitude in expenditure of funds. Ilan and gant programs, such as the Section 202 pro$am, are available to private organizations wishing to coDslruct housing for low and moderate income and elderly households. New programs made available under the 1990 NatioDal Housing Afiordability Act include HOPE aud HOME. Information about the various HUD prograDs can bg obtained from the local HUD lield office. In 1991, federal legislation became effective requiring 'entitlement' jurisdictions to prepare a live-year CompreheDsive Housing Afioldability Slrateg (CIIAS). The Compton CIIAS defines the Cit/s approacl and priorities for meeling the housiag needs of very low and low income households. The CIIAS foclses on these iucome categories and other special needs groups (for examplg the elderly and the homeless) since federal grants and subsidies are aimed toward these goups. COMPTON ITOUSING ELEMENT CENEML PI"4N 7 DECEMBER 3, 1991 CITIZEN PARTICIPATION Complon has conducted various public oulreach programs to iuvolve citizens and citizen groups in Housing Element preparatioD" During the initial data-ga&ering phase of the updale pro$am, community meelings were held to solicit commeuts regarding housing needs aud concems. Once a draft elemeDt was prepared, additional public meetings occurred as pan of the "Visioning for Compton 2010" goal and policy refrnement process. All members of the public were itrvited to attend the Vision 2010 6smrmrnity r orlshops. The meetings were advertised in local papers, notices werc posted ia the library and other public placss, ads aired on the local cable Lelevision station, and the City sent notices to churches and other liarge community goups. Public review of pmposed housing policy also took place in conjuaaion with the fedeml CHAS 6Gday public review period (fall of 1991). Finalln both tbe Plan:eing Commission ard City Council wiu conduct formal public hearings prior to adoption of fte Housing Element. COM?TON EOWING ELEMENT GENEML PLAN DECEMBER 3, 1991 HOUSING ISSUES This section of the Housing Eleme identilies Compton's housing needs usirg definitiors contained iD State housing law. Much ol this material has beeu summarized from the Housing Element Tecbaical Report SIJMMARY OF HOUSING NEEDS Several faclors will iofluence the degree of deman( or hec4" lor new housing ia Compton in crming years. The four major "needs" categories considered ia this element include: o Housing needs resulting from populalion growtb, both in the City and the surrounding region; o Housing nseds resultiog from thg delerioration or demolition ol existing units; o Housing needs thal result when bouseholcls are payiag more than lhey can afford for housing; ald o Housing needs of \ecial needs groups' such as the elderly, large families, female-headed households, housebolds with a disabled penon, and the homeless. Populatlon Gmwth The 1990 populalion of Compton is reponed by the US. Celsus to be 90,454, ranking it l5th among the 85 citie's in Irs Angeles County. Howevel based on evidence of unit overcrowdiug and illegal garage convenions, the actual count of penons in the City may likely be higler. Estimates of population growth can be made using a variety of methocls. To esli!trate the Cit/s population at build-ou! (assuming that build-oul meaDs less thsn 100 percent of the maximum possible number of dwelling uaits permined under COMPTON EOUSING EI.EMENT AENERAL PIJIN DECEMBER A 1991 I land use poticy),' the number of permitted units cancau be multiplied by the average housebold sizt reported by tbe 1990 U.S.II-s- Gnsus,Crnsus- This metf,odmethod yieldsvields a build-out Dooulationpopulation in ihelhe City ot 71?.445 persoDs, assumirxg 28,906 total dweUing uEils atrd an average household size of 3.89 PeoPle. Similar to many cenfal tos Angeles jwisdicrions, ComPton bas vinuallv !o vacant lard available for future residential developmeit. Tbus, housing growtb wiU rcsult primarily from Redevelopment Agency i[volvemetrt providing housing from reclcling of lower density residential uses iu neigbborhoods zoned for higher densities, and from very limited infill developmenl Between 1980 and 1990, Comptotr's population increased 113 perc€nt even tbough the City did nol iucrcase in size or lxperience significart growth in the housing stock (only 35 perceDt). The insease was due to changing demographics. Between 1980 and 1990, the City's AAo-American poPulation dropped 20 perceDl while the Hispanic populalion increased by 125 percent" If this trend continues, Complon will see its populatiou rise even if relalively litde new housing coDstruction occuls. Reglonal Houslng Needs As desoibed under 'Related Plans and Progrars"' SCAG is responsible for definilg regional housing needs by iacome category aud assigning eacb jurisdiction its Tair share' allocation the 1988 SC{G RHNA (Soulhem California Association of Govemmeds, Regional Housing Need Assessment) proposes tbat Compton provide a total of.2$4 new housing units in tbe 1989-199 planaing period. These units would be distribured by income category as illustrated in Figure H-1. lMarilluo posrible buildout 8$!r!es tlat a[ tesideatirl lot6 are dcrcloped to the aaxiaua inteosity alloncd l,nd$ lad l,se policy. Ia codpton, tiit 6celsdo is rot considered a oedible build out sccDario silce ,Bost r6ideatirl lots are aLeady d6,elope4 6rny at densities belonthe BariEll,m pcmitted deDsities, and the Gty doe3 lot 6peat al 1016 sil be redeveloped COMPTON IIOUSING EI.EMENT GENERAL PI"4N 10 DECEMBER 3, 1991 Figure H-1 1988 RHM Compton Very Low lncome l-ow Income High lncome Modsrde Income The City asserts tbat tbese figlre,s do not rellect actual conditions in Compton and nur counter to the CiVs Fimary housing goal of upgrading its existitrg bousing stock lo revitalize dedining neighborhoods. Complon did not taks lhe opportunity to exanine and readjust rhe RHNA numben duiing SCAG's review period in 1988. However, rbrough this Housing Element update, the City shows ihal limited land resources preve constuclion of the quantity of new housing SCAG indicates is needed, aDd thal provision of additional low and very low iucome bousing will exacerbate problemr associated wilh the curent mncentration of low cost houin& Section 65584(a) ol the Government Code states lhat regioral housing needs distibutions 'shall seek to avoid fiuthcr impaction of localities with relatively igh Fnoponions of lower income households.' Compton is considered a hegative iair share' jurisdictiog meaaing that &e City currendy provides more housing for very low and low income households than do other jurisdictioDs in the region- Thus, the RHNA assignmenl of 318 Dow, very low income udts atrd 510 low iDcome dwellings would add further to a disproportionately large concentralion of housiug unirs in Compton for economically disadvanlaged households. COMPTON IIOUSING ELEMENT GENERAL PI../N 11 DECEMBER E 191 As indicated in the Housing Element Tec.baical Report, 52 perc€nt of Comptor's households are categorized as very low or low inmme, crmpared to 42 perc€nl in Irs Angeles County as a whole. These groups may be alracled to Compton due to the abundance of low cost housing. The City recognizes the importatrce of providing aftordable housing and will maintain existiag aflordable unils. This element indicates the Cit/s plars to preserve 'affordable' udts. (Refer to the programs disctssion in the 'Ilousing Plan' section of this elemenl) However, Compton can aol augoe the supply of low cost housing vi&oul contravenhg State law goals which favor the dispersal of suci unils lhmughout the region and wilhoul over-straining already overburdened infrastructEe. The RHNA nunben also do mt recognizc ftat Complon is a built-out city with very little land available lor new housing development The City anticipates lot consolidation aad reg,cling wiU create new housing opponudties. However, such efforts wiU largely be privately ilitialed The Cifs primary housing goal is to preserve and rebabilitate the enensive single-family housing sock and thus prevent the further decline of formerly stable neiglborhoods. This slrale$r is intended to increase home ownership opportunities and improve the housing stock for all income groups. In addition to land limitalions, the Citfs infrasl.rucmre also limits the amounl of new housing whicrh can be coDstructed. The agilg sewer aad water mails serying single-family neighborhoods are sized to accommodate existing low density developmenl Recycling to higher densities will require reconstruction of these crirical inlrastrucluro component& Also, lhe street $6tem suffen from lack of maintenance due to limited available funcls for sueel repair. Additional housing urits will strain all infrastructue qrstems and mntribute to furtber decline in neighborhood vihlity. Thus, the City chooses to firsl deal with existi'\g problems and upgrade $e existing housing slock beforc creating opportuaities for new developmenl COMPTON EOUSING EI.EMENT GENERAL PI-AN \2 DECEMBER 3 1991 SubEtardard Uoits Complon developed as a residenlial crrmmunity early in lhie century. CoDsequently, many of the housing units are quite old and over 80 percent of the units are nore than 30 years old. This fact is important because 30 years servas as a standard for the initial life of a house. Alter 30 years, mos! utfts require major rehabilitation (e,g. a new root some re- plumbing) to maintain appearance and proper function The age of Comptou's housing srock poina toward an ongoing need to rehabilitate uuits Citywide. Tte City's 1988 Ilousing Assistance Plan QIAP) identifies the number of housing units in Complon in substandard condition" The 1988 IIAP repors 36 perc€nt or d045 dwelling udts as substandard. Of this lotal, roughly half are renter-ocqrpied units, and 1,99 of the unia are occupied by lower income bouseholcls. Although dilapidated units can be found citywidg high concentrations exist in certain neighborhoods, like Sa.nta Fe Gardens, Park Village, and Pear Slreel Data exuapolated from the 1988 IIAP sboy6 that 1,089 units arc itr need of replacemenl rather tban rehabilitation City programs can provide grants and loans for home improvements, but funding is scarcer for major reco$truction or replacrEenl Thuq efforts to rehabilitate substandard units before they deteriorate completely can prove efiective itr maintaining the exisiing housirg stoclg which in Complon represents a significanl resource. Afiordabtltty State and Fedeml standards for housing overpayment are based on a housing cost to income ratio of 30 perceDt aad above. Households paying greater than this amounl wiu have less income left over for otber necesitieg such as foo4 clothin& and health care. Govemment agcncies recognize, however, that upper income households generally are capable of palng a lfiger proportion of their income for housirg and therefore esl.imates of housiog overpayme[t getrerally foqJs on lower income groups. The SCAG RHNA identifies housing overpayment for the Cit/s lower income households based on data from the 1980 census. (Iower income housebolds are defrned as householals COMPTON EOUSING EI.EMENT GENERAL PT.AN 13 DECEMBER 3, 191 whose total gross income is less than 80 percant of the Crunty median-) Ac$rding to the RHNA an estimated 43 Percsnl of Compton's lower income households paid more than 30 percen! of their income on rer1t or mortgage Paymenls as of January 1, 1988. Il the 1988 percentages aro applied to 1990 Cersus household counts, the numbgr of lowet incomc rentrs overpaying for housing can be estilrated at 7,659. As estimated 18 percent ol bomeownen (|@6 households) are overPayng. The distinclion between renter and owaer housing overpayment is importanl because, while homeowners may overextead themselves linancially to afford the option of home purchase, the owner always naintairs the option of selling the home. Renters, on the otber hand, are limited to the renlal malke! and are generally required to pay the reat esrablished in that markel The discrepancy belween reDter and olvner households cited above is largely reflective of lhe tendercy of renter bouseholds to have lower incomes than owner households. Speclal Needs Gmups Certain segmen6 of the population may have a more dimcuft o time linding decatr! affordable housing due to special circurstances. Itr ComptoD, tbese'special needs' households include the elderly, disabled penons, large familieq femr.le- headed bouseholds, and the homeless. Elderly: The special needs of many elderly householtls result from their lower, Iixed incomes, phpical disabilitial and dependencs needs. Approximately 4.7 percent of ihg Cids householders in 1980 were elderly 65 years of age or older. Applying this proportion to the Cit/s bouseholcls in 190 equates to an estimated 4,287 elderly households in Comptor" The proportiotr of elderly can be expected to increase as those pe$ons between the age of 35 and 64 grow older. Escalaring housing cos8, particularly in the rcntal market severely iqpac! housing altordabiliiy for the elderly, who are usually on lixed incomes. The City currendy is working with tbree non-profit groups to build a 75-uni! Section 202 apartmen! complex for low and very low income elderly residents. COMPTON HOWING ELEMENT GENERAL PLAN DECEMBER 3, 1991 Dlsabled Persoms Physical bandicaps can hinder act€ss lo housing unis of tradidonal design, as well as potentially limit a person's abi[ty to eam adequate income. Compton's HAP estilxates that a total of 2,841 City residens bave work and/or traDsportalion disabilities. Special bousing needs of disabled individuals include accessibility for wheelchairs, railings, ramps, and special construction for interior living spaces. The Housing Element sets forrh policies to encourage the developmenl of housing more accessible to disabled persoDs. Such bousing also meets the need of some elderly residens. Iarge Famllies: Iarge families (five or moro penons) are identilied as a gtoup wilh special housing Dseds due to the limited amilability of adequately sized, affordable housing units. large families sometimes have lower levels of discretionary income aM thus reDt more affordable, yet overcrowded, smaller dwetling unils. This overcrowding in tum aclslerates unit deterioration" In 199Q an estimated 20 percenl, or 4,948 of Conpton's households were comprised of large families. Of $is tohl, 1t57 of t}ie housebolds were defrned as lower income. Tbe high percrntage of targe fanilies indicates a real need for spacious, affordable housing. Female-Headed Households: Female-beaded households tend to have lower incomes, thus limiting housing availability for this goup. In 1990, atr estimated 28 perce of Compton's households were headed by a womau About 74 percent of the Citt's female-headed households have dependent children under 18 yean of age. ThuE providing housing opportunities for female-headed households relales both to housing affordability and services for the care of children Two fansitional sbelten for women and women with children currently exist in the City. To address fie housing alfordability needs of female-headed householdE rhe Housing Element proposes the e4rarsion of existing affordability progranr, and sets forth new program$ such as shared equity, to increase the supply of aflordable units in Compton- Farmworkers: The special housing needs of many farmworkers stem from their lo$, wages and the seasonal nature of their employmenl Those persons working in the farm industry accounted for 0.6 percant of the Cit/s total 1990 population. The demand lor housing generated by farmworken in the City is considered to be nominal aqd can COMPTON ITOUSING EIEMENT GENERAL PI./N 15 DECEMBER 3 1991 be adequately addiessed by overall housing affordability programs. Homeless: Thrcughout the country, homelessress has become an increasiug problem. Factors contn:butiDg to Oe rise in homeles include the general lack of housing alloralable to low arld moderate income persoas, inoeases in tho number of persons whose incomes fall below tbe poveny level, reductions in public subsidy to tbe poor, and the de-institlttionalization of the meDtally iLl According to Comptonl Comprehensive Homele,ss Aisistance Plan, homelessness has bemme an inoeasingly aqrle problem among famiUx with childreD, the mentally i[, substance abuse$, and people without employable skills. The number of homeless persons and families in the CiE b diiEcult to determine due to the transieDt natuie of the homeless, but the Salvation Army estimates a population of 1@. According ro tbe Salvatiou Army, alcoholism and dng abuse are c.hronic problems among these homeless, with an estimated 60 percent of the population classified as alcoholics and 20 percent as serious drug abusers. To address emergenc, shelter ard suppon services for the hoEeless, two HLrD-sponsored shelters have been established in Complon-&e House of tbc Redeemed atld lhe Compton Welfare Nghs Organization- Both sbelters sewe persors in Complon and fmm surounding commuaities. The House of the Redeemed assists siagle women and women with children by providing overnighl shelter, job referral, and psychological and drug counseling. Stals of up to 90 da)6 are permitGd. The second facility also serves women and women vith children, providing stays up to 60 dap. Since opening; both shelers have been operating ar capacity. A third shelter has been proposed. The Salvation Army also meets the homeless's needs with meal service and transponadon 10 aD emergency shelter located in the nearby community of BelL The Housing Element calls for the City to coordinate with local social service providers, especially the Salvation Army and Coufiy Depanrxetrt of Public Social Seryices, to addrcss the needs of the area-s homeles population In particllar, programs call for a sbelter to meet the needs of homeless men. The element also establishes a program to ideDtify zones for emergency ard transitional housing and to amend COMPTON EOIISNA ELEMENT GENERAL PI./N 16 DECEMBER 3 1991 the zoniry odinance to better adcbess the demand for rrarsitional housing. Unlts at ntuk This section analyzes the polential tbrcat to housing affordability lhat is presented by the expiration of governr:rent renl reslrictions and reut subsidies. Dudng the 1960s and 190q and continuing rhrough the 1980s, maay governmetrt-assisted housing developmenls wgre clnstrucled in Compton These projec6 v/ere buili both by non-prolit and for-proflt developen using Federal subsidies and low-interest loaDs obtained through the Depaflnxent ol Housing and Urban Developmenl (HUD). The HUD programs providing assistance include Section 236, Seaion ?27, Section 202, and Secdon 8. Also, the Slate and Couty govemments have provided similar assistance through bond programs and other financing strategies. In relum for receiving a loan or subsidy, the property ormer usually sigaed ar agreement with HUD (or olher responsfule government agency) requiring the oqmer to ensure the units would remain affordable for a specilied period of time. HUD assistance q,pically required a 4&year affordability period. However, to stimulate investment and use of its prograEsr HLiD often provided clauses iu the agreements whic.h allow the owner to lermiDale the cotruact and pre-pay the loau prior to ils maturity date. Typically, the pre-payment option occun 20 years afler loan issuance. If a property ou'ner opB 10 pre-pa, tho housing unis can be converted to market rale units, thereby displacirg tenants who may not be a.ble to alford non-rcsticled housiug. Conversion of these units to market rate: can also deplete lhe supply allordable housing in the City. The Housing Plan section of this elemetrt conlairs a disossion of progams aimed ar preserving tbese unils as affordable to the Ci1y's lower income population Together, these trxo seclion are intended to satisfy the requiremeDls of California Governrnent Code Section 65583, which requires bolh an evalualion of low income udls subject to coDvenion to market rate housing between 1989 and 1999 and proposals to preserve or replace rhose units. This analysis covers only unils which are covered by at leasl one restriclion thal is COMPTON ITOUSING EIEMENT GENERAL PIAN 17 DECEMBER 3, 1991 subject to possible expirarion within ihe nea 10 yeaB. Units with expiration dates beyond this time frame will be amlyzrd in subsequent Housing Elemen updates. Many of the uaits covered in this analysis are subjecl 10 morc thatr orc type and source of restriction- For such units, this anatfis coven only the loss that is o.peded wilhin the 10 year 1im9 frame. $imilarly, rc al plsperties which provide afforda.ble housing under HUD's Section 8 certificate program ar subject to coDfact sunset claus* which allow a property owner to discontinue panicipation in the progran and convert the units to market rate bousi'rg Seaion 8 contracts generally rua frve years so that every five yea$ affordable unils in ihis pmgram face possible convenion The following discussion invenlories all restdcted units polentially al risk of convening 1o non-low income housing before 2001. By law, this inventory must include al1 multi-family unis which are cunenfly rent restricted urder federal, state and/or local programs, including HUD programs, State and local bond programs, redevelopment prograrru, ard local in-lieu fee, inclusionary, dersity bonus, or dLect assistance programs. Expiration of rent restrictioos may result from loan amortization or prepayment, termination of subsidy contracts or expiring use restriaions. There are no housing units in Compton lhat are subject to slate or local rent restrictions due to expire prior !o 2m1. The list identifies seveml HUD &ction 8 projects for which renewal conlracts wi[ be up for review. Many of the developmenls with Section 8 conuacts also have applicable restrictions established by Seaion 236 loans (see notes in Table H-2). If an owner chooses not 1o renew a Section 8 mnlracl, the tenanls living in the Section I assisted uni6 (units with lent subsidies) win be required 1o pay higher rents regulated by the underlying FHA-insured mongage. Such rents wiU be lower than market mte rents but in many cases higher than the subsidized rents. COMPTON HOUSING ELEIIENT GENERAL PI-AN 18 DECEMBER 3 191 3!..: E3 EE :i.! IB ilH 9E BH o r-] E !r Ea!! ii I;:3 ZZ : 3 5. :! .5 :lle l! 7l iiE: 5B -E 2, iI E z s T 2,J EN :2 E-- 88 .... 19 :!-.! !!li -! E8 :i:3 5n E$ sx E .: !iii: ;! t: u :;{a zl !;i! EA EEe9-E< ? 9:ia 20 8 i=!i!i ti - I- I :i;e t 3"ai i:E: I :!iI I z ! \ d I,J F trd >zq. !,i 83 !>5 3 20 Buildin$ in Complon that are at risk of conversion during the next 10 vears are showu in Table H-2. Not all of rhe restriei6ns fisted in Table H-2 are subjecr to exPiration iE tbe nexl 10 years because many of the buildings are subject to multiplc restrictions, nol all of whicb will expire prior o 2@1. Sai:rt Timorhy's Torver, a 11'l-unit building housing elderly persons, has 68 utrils with Section 8 contracs that expire on iune 29, 1991 and aa additional ,14 units with Section 8 conuacls due to expire on 1993. The tatter 44 contracts may be renewed for an additional five years upon their expiration- Sainr Timotbt's Tower is also restdcted by a S€ction 86 Irar that is Dot eugible for pre-payment and that will amortize in lhe yeat 2012. Saint Timothys Manor, a 21-utril, a[ elderly building has U utrits with Secdon 8 contracls expiring in June 1991 and an additional four units with Section 8 contlacls expiring in 1992. The second set of Seclion 8 colltracts have a five-year renewal option Sainr Timoth/s Manor is also secured with a Seclion 2AZ mongage that does not haye a prepayment option and thal is due to expire b 2004. New Wilmington Arms has Seaiou 8 codracts for all of its 164 unils. These Section 8 conlracts are scheduled to expire on April 28, 1994. New Will]litrgtotr Arns is also subject to a 4Gyear Section 236 loau eligible for 2Gycar prepayment otr May ?3, 7994. Sanu Fe Apartmenls has 22 Section 8 contracts scheduled 1o erpire on June 10, 1993 with a fve-year renew"al option The building is also secured by a 4&year Section 236 loan lhat will amortize on November ?5,2074. Conenion Potential: Most of fte housing units in Compton lhal are at risk of losing rent reslriclions over the next 10 years are subject to both loan restrictions and Section 8 cotrracls and are only at risk of losing Section I contract subsidies. Althougb it is anticipated that fuading will be amilable for owner wishing to enter into new Section 8 contrac6 as theirs expire, owners will have the oplion of giving up the subsidy at that tme. It is unlikely that ownels of buildings that are o&erwise resticted through HUD loan restrictions would chose not to re-enter into Secl.ioD 8 co racts because in those situations Section 8 contracls would COMTTON EOUSING ELEMENT GENER.AL PI.AN 2l DECELIBER 3 1991 not inoease reslrictiols and would provide ownen with an additional subsidy. Despite lack of short-term iNenlives 1o chose not to renew Section 8 contBcts, owners participatiDg in both Section 8 and loan programs might chose not to renew Section 8 conracB in anticipation of the expiration or prepayment of the HUD loaa and plars to discontinue use of the building for low income renters. Nevertheless, there is limited incentive to purnre suctr a stratery iD Complon because a relatively weak rental market limits the amount that orrnen muld receive absent reDt restriaions. Addirionally, there is not a stong gnougb demard for land in Compton to varant converting the building or land to nonresidential uses. Some oI the Seclion I contacts due to elpire contain renewal clauses, wbile otbe$ do nol Owner of propenies with renewal clauses will bave a defiuite righl to reDew those contrac8 upon expiration. It is anticipated that thoss contacts without renewal provisions will be renewable upon expiration as well. Tbereforq for the pupose of rhis analysig it is assumed that all ownen of properties subject to SectioD 8 mntracts viU have the option of renewing those contracts. Five-Year Anabsi.s The following discusses the convenioa potential of units that are al risk of converting over before 7996. Saiut Timothy's Tower is owned by Saint Timoth/s Episcopal Churcb il Compton- A mamger of Saint Timoth/s Tower who was contacted for this ana!6is indicated thar the c.hurc.h plans to continue the ofient use of the buildirg He also said that the church had either renewed, or was plarning 1o renew, all of its Sectiotr 8 contracts. The Section 236 loan on thi< property is not subjecl to termination un{l m1Z UniB in this building tberefore have a very low potential to mnverl prior to 2001. Saint Timothy's Manor is also owued by Saint Timoth/s Episcopal Church. The Manor has renewed the SeAion 8 conlracts Gat expired ou June 29, 1991 and pla:rs to renew the four Section 8 conuacts that will exphe on September 24, 199. The mongage is not subject to ternrination until 20O1, and the manager indicaled that the owners planned to cmtinue the present use of lhe building. The units in Saint COMPTON EOIISING ET.EMENT GENERAL PIAN D DECEMBER 3, 1991 Timothy's Manor therefore also have a very low potgntial to converl. New Wilmington Arms is owned by a for-profit entity, Goldrich and Krest. A represenlalive of Goldrich and Krest indicated fial rhe firm plals to conlinue ownenhip and use oi the building as low iocome housing. She also indicated that extelsiors on &e Section 8 contaca on the building have been requesled, and that Goldricb and Krest does not pla[ to prepay the Secrion 236 loan when it is eligfule for prepayment in 199. Consequently, this building is also deemed to have a very low potential to converl New Wilnrin$on Arms is, however, the only assisted building in Complon where prepayment within the next 10 yeals is possible. Sarta Fe Apartmenls is owned by Santa Fe Apartment Corporation, an affiliate of National Housing Minisuy, a oonprofit group which Dauages the building. A representative of National Housing Ministry indicated that the Ministry hopes to retrew the Secliotr 8 contracts due to expire il 193 and plans to continue use of the building as low income housing. This building is considered to have a very low risk of couversion Ten-Year Analysis: There are no restricted buildings in Compton that are at risk of loan terminalion or prepayme before 2001. Buildings subjecl to potential loss of Section 8 contracts in that timeframe are all also subjea to loss of thoso contracts pdor to 1996. Con Anattsis: The following discussion examines both the cost of presewing the units at risk and fte cosl of producrng new rental bousing comparable in size and rent levels to replace the unia which could mnverl The discussiou also includes a comparison of tbese respective cos6. As discrssed above, convesion of units covered by Section 8 contrac8 as well as loan renl restriclioos is very unlikely. This is because by convedng these buildings, owuers would forego a direct HUD subsidy. Under tbe Seaion 8 program, HUD pa)6 owners the difference belween what tenanls car pay (estimated at 30 percert of household iomme) and what HUD estimates to be Fair Market Ren! on the unil These uniis are at low risk of converting because the subsidy is of significant benefit 1o the owners and because thcre is little to COMPTON HOUSINC ELETIENT GENEtu4L PIrIN 23 DECEMBER 3 '991 be gabed by losing the subsidy, since the units are otherwise restricted. It is not posible 1o ardve at an exact figure of msts involved in replacing the Section 8 subsidies without howing how much of a subsidy is provided on each udt" Such a suwey was deemed unaecessary for the purpose of this analysis. New Wilmington AIms is the only assisted buildiry at risk of convening lhrough prepayment prior to 1996. Prepayment on this building is unlikely. The ownen have requested exlensioos on lhe Section 8 contacts on all units in the builai'rg Addirionally, as discussed abovg there is very litde market pressue to conven to noq-low income housing uses. Nevertbeless, the building is tecbaically at risk of convenion tbrcugh prepaymeDt. If Wilnilgr.oD Arms were to conven, 164 urib of asisted low ircome housing would be lost- Nine of those unis would be one-bedroom units, 27 two-bedroom urdls, 116 lbree-bedrcom uniti and 12 lour-bedroom units. Discussiors with nonprolit housing developen iu the l-os Angeles area indicale that the per unit cost of consuucling new unils, including land is roughly $100000 for new one-bedroom ulirs, $140,000 for MG.bedroom units, $150,m0 for rhree-bedroom unir and $160,000 lor tour-bedrcom units. Applying these estimates to the number of unils and be&oom mix of rhe l{ilrrington Arms yields an estimate o $24 million to replace all of the units in Wilmin4on Arms tha! could be lost thrcugb prepaymenL Not all of the above costs would have to be upfron! cos6. Mouthly rents would suppon liaancing. Assuming that rents would equal tbe maximum monthly rent for low income households of $840 moDth, rhen deducting $250 per monlh Aom this for mainlenance, lelds $590 p6r udt por month thal could be used to amonize a loan on the property. This amount would be sufficient to amortize a 3&year loan at al hterest rate of l0 percent of a principal amount of $67,000. If each unit supponed an average of $67,000 of linancing, an $ll milliou loan could possibly be obtained on the property. This would stiU leave $13 million that would need to be paid up front or through alternative linancing. The coss of preserving udls include purchase cosls atrd rebabilitation costs. Older buildings may additionally be more COMPTON EOT]SING ELEMENT GENERAL PI'IN 24 DECEMBER 3 191 costly to maintaiu. However, because this unal)Eis is intended only 1o provide rough estimates of preserving and acquiring units a! rislq dilTerences in maintenance costs were nol taken ilto acmunt. City stalt estimated that marke! value lor New Wilningtol Anrs would be in the range of $35,000 to $45,000 per unir Because the building is reporled to be in only fair condition, a $20,000 per unit rehabilitation cost was also assumed. Ca.lculated together, these estimates leld a total cost of preservadon as approximalely $9.1 to $10.7 millioa Under LIHPRIId HUD will provide morgage loan insurance on acquisition loans for up to 95 perc€nt of the equity for prioriry purchases. Asuming purchasers of New Wilningtot Arms secure a 95 percaut loan, they will then have a down payment of between of between $288,000 ($35,000 x 165 x .05) and $271,000 (M5,000 x 165 x .05) and rehabiutation cosls totalling as high as $-3300,000. Togelher, these wo costs total roughly $3.6 million.' Corrparing the replacement cost estimate of $13 millioa with the preservation cost estimate of $3.6 miUioa reveals that alrhough both options are very expemive, presen'ation of the exisriag buildirg is a much less expemive oplion- HOUSING CONSTRAINTS Markel coDslrain6, as well as constraina posed by governmental and environmental regulatiors and infrastructure costs, strongly affect the t)?e and rale of new housing coDstruction. Market Constraints High corstruction costs, labor costs, land costs, atrd market financing coDstraints all contn'bule to a decrease in the availability of affordable housing. ttb snalyd! Gurc llsr BUD se1lon S rubdica coabln d *tt! raul lacorn wit &tiay monthly nor.gaSr COMPTON EOUSING EIEMENT GENERAL PI,IN ?s DECEMBER j 1991 Construcltor Costs! The single largest cost associated s,i& new home costruction is the cost of building maGrials Malerials comprise between 40 and 50 percenl of the sales price of a dwening. Ovemll mDstruclion cosls rose over 30 percent during the 1980s, with the rising costs of enerry a significant contributor, CoDstruclion costs for wood ftame, single-family construction of average to good quality range from $40 to $55 per square fool; custom homes aud units with extra amenilies runniDg somewhat higher. Cosls for wood frame, multi-family coDstruclion average arourd $42 per square foo! exclusive of parking. A reduction in amenities and quality of building materials could result in lower sales prices. Additionally, pre-fabricatd factory-built housing may provide for lower priced housing by reducing conslruction and labor costs. An additional faclor affecting construclion costs is the number of units built simultaneously. As the number of units developed increasel per udt corstruction costs for the entire development are generally reduced due lo economies of scale. This cost reduaion is panicr.rlarly signilicant when deNity bonuses are used !o provide aflordable housing. [.snd: In Comptoq vacant land is a scarc€ resource. According rc local realtors, residential land in the city is valued at $8 to $10 per square foot on parcels zoned for single-family develop4ent, $10 to $13 per square foot for medium demity mulri-family propenieg and $11 to $15 per square foot for parcels with high density multi-family zoning. These land costs are significantly below that commanded in much of metropolitan hs Angeles. Flnstrclngr Although interest rates have fallen more than 10 points off the near 20 percenl high of the early 1980s, they still have a subslanlial impact on housing costs for rcnlers, purchasers and developers. Mongage filancing caa be obtained at a variable rate, which offers an initial lower interesl rate than fixed financing. The ability of lending institutions to raise mtes to adjus for inllation, however, causes many existing households lo overelcend themselves financialy. An additional obstacle for the fin!-time homebuyer continues to be the 10 to 20 perc€nt downpayment requted by lending institutiors. Interesl rates are determined by national policies and economic conditions, and there is little that local governments COMPTON EOUSING ELEMENT GENERAL PI./N 26 DECEMBER 3 191 car do to affect these rates. Jurisdictions can, howevel, ofrer interesl rate write-downs to extend home purcrhase opportunities to lower income housebolcls. In addition, govemment iasured loaa programs nay be available 1o reduca mongage downpal'meni requtements. Under the Home Mortgage Disclosuro Act $fMDA), iending institurions are required to disclose the uumber, amount" and location (by census tracl) of mortgage and rehabilitation loans origimted or purchased. Annual HMDA reporls for SeqJrity Paciiic Bank (the oDly institution witb available HMDA reports) were reviewed to evaluate whether residential financing is generally svailable iD Compton's lovest income census lracts, consisting of tracls 5477, 5473, 5476,07, y76.4 5421.01, 5421.02. 542,, 5425, 54n, and 5432 (For pqpces of this aualpis, cersus tracls which had a 1980 median income below $11,000 were considered.) HMDA reports for lhe yers 1986 to 1989 indicated mod*t mongage loan aclivity, with a total of 28 home purchase loaos and 40 home improvement loans approved by Secrrity Pacific. This level of loan activity may be a reflection of the nominal amount of new residential developmenl, rather lhan the availability of financing. The home improvement loan activity indicates some efforts 1o upgrade existiag units. The Cily expects that new federal and slate progratrs will incrsase access to financing. Federal programs include HOPE II (Home Ownership for Multi-Family Units) and HOPE Itr, which provides glants lor several activities intended to encourage bome ownership. Additional funding sources are disclssed il tbe 'Housing Plan' section of thi( elemenl Governmenlal Colstrai[ts Housing affordability is allected by both private and public sedor factors. City actions in the form of land use controh sile improvemeut requirements, building codeq and fees which are intended lo improve the overall qualiiy of housing may also comtrain housing developmenL Land Use Controls: Govemrned agencies may place administrative colstnints on growth through the adoption aud implementation of land use plans and ordha:rces. Ihe General Plan may lestrict growth if only limited areas are set aside for residential land uses and if higber residential COMPTON ITOUSING EIEMENT GENERAL PL-AN n DECEMBER 3, 1991 densities are not accorxnodated. The zoning ordinance may impose further reslrictiors if development standards are too rigid, or if zoning designatioDs do not coDform to existing land u5e5. In Comptoq land use policy accoEmodates residential gorvth. Maximum allowable densities are as follom: o R-L (Irw Deasity Residential) - up to eight unils per a$ei o R-M (Medium Density Residential - up to 17 uits per acre; and o R-H (Iligh Densi9 Residential) - up to 34 urdts per acre. The zoning code does not have specilic requirements lor minimum usable open space; only yard setbacl provisions govem the amou of open space required, However, parking regulalions do require 1.5 enclosed parkilg spaces per uait for multi-family developments. Reduction of lhe Cit/s parking requiremcnB is not appropriate due !o the shortage of street parking. Zoning reguladons allow two single-family residelrces to be conslrucled on lots zoned R-Ia provided at leas! 5,000 square feet is available for each uni! and further provided that the unils are mnslructed to allow for a future legal division of the R-L lot This provision can encourage new ud1 constructioD" The general development standard for the residential zones (setbaclc, lot sizcE heighs) are not overly restrictive. Side yard setbacks range from three to five feet, and rear yard requtement are 10 lo 20 feel. Buildiug heiglt limits are 35 feet in all excep! &e R-H zone, where buildings can be as rall as 75 feet. The zoning ordinance also provides a Plamed DevelopmeDl zone, which allows lor developers to dcviate from standard requirements in efforts to encourage ulique residential projects. Fees alrd Improyement$ Various fees and assessmeDts are charged by the City to cover cosls of processing permits and providing services and facilities, such as utilitieg schools and infrastructure. Table 24 iu the Housing Technical Appendh lists City Planning fees as of 1991. Fees are charged on a flat. rate basis and are not pr&ded per project size. COMPTON EOWING ELEMENT GENEtu4L PL./IN 28 DECEMBER 3 191 Because Compton is higbly urbanize( most of the necessaDr iDfrastructure, such as sfeels, sewer and wa1er facilities, are in place. Thus, the cost of land improvement is less than in undeveloped suburban or rural areas. However, in areas where exisling infraslructure is insulficie (inadequale road widtb, overbudened sewer lines, etc.), developers must pay to upgrade the iDfrasEucture to meet projecl needs. Suc.h imprwemeuts caa add signifrcandy to development cost& Bullillng Codes atrd Etrforcemelc The City of Compmn has adopted rhe 1988 Uniform Building Code (UBc), whicl establishes minimum construction standards as applied to all residential buildings. The Cit/s building code is coDsidered to be the minimum necessary to protect the public healtty, safety and welfarg and the local eDforccment of this code does not unduly constrain the developmen! of housiD& Ircal Pmcesshg ard Permlt Procedur€s: The project review process required by the City contributes to costs since holding costs incurred by developers ullimalely arc manifested in the unit's selling price. Tbe City has several review processes and bodies, including the Environmental Review Crmmiltee, the Architectural Review Board, the Planning Commissiog and lhe City Council. Environmeutal review occurs prior to submission of applicarions to the Planning Comrnission Design review follows final discreliouary acrio!- The zoning ordinance establishes time limils for review procedures to elsure development review is conducted fairly aud in a timely mantrer. Tbe ordi:rance requires discrerionary adions to be heard by the Planning Commission within 45 dap of the filing of a complete application For actioff not requiring frnal City Council action (use permits, variancas), the Commission must issue a decision within 35 days of rhe headng. Items requiring final action by the C.ouncil are scheduled immediately. Howevel Complex projects without associated enviormental impacl reports (EIRs) may require three to six months for development reyiew. The EIR process imposes mandatory public review periods which car exlend the total review dme up to one year. To further expedite development review, the City has initiated a fasl-Eack review process. Most projec6 can be reviewed rather quickly. This proces can speed the review of priority piojects, such as housing developments which allow lor inaeased home ownership. COM?TON IIOUSING EI.EMENT GENEML PIIIN 29 DECEMBER 3, 191 Based on past experienc€ of processiag low income development projeds thrcugh the fast tra* s)6tem, permit procesing procedures do not appear to block the development of low income housing. Envlronmental and IrhastrEcture Conthdtrts Environmental coosfaints may be classilied as either naturally occrrrring or man-made. EBylronme sl Hazaralss Compton lies within a seismically aclive region Several aaive regional fadts are co8idered capable of alfecting property within the City, including iho Cherry Hill branch of the Newpon-IDglewood faul! which passes througb the southwest edge of CoDptoD" As an older ci1y, Compton has a high concentntion ol pre-193 unreinforced masouy structues which are partictlarly vulnerable in an earthquake. The majority of these unreinforced structures are, howevel non-residential structures. Flooding in the event of a major 100-year storm, is also of concern in Compton- Recent iDlormalion released by the federal government indicates that nearly two-tbhds of the City, belween &e l.os Angeles River and Compton CreeL, could experience flooding. The problem stems from inadequate regional flood contol facilities, which are not desigoed for tbe l0$year storm (a major slorm wenl which has a one perctnt chance of occurring any year in a l0Gyear period). Wirhout proper mitigatior, exteDsive property damage could result during a significant storm- With regard to malt-made hazards, the dust, noisg odors, and congeslion generaled by circulation routes and industrial operalions within and adjacetrt ihe City represent pornrial healtb hazards, and residential land uses should be protected from tbese irritants. Another related health risk involves the presence of hazardous materials and dangerous chemicals utilized in many of the City's indusEial operations. The largesl waste oil recycling facility is located in Compton Residents living in the vicinity haye in the past complaircd of noxious odors and dust associated with facility operations. New residential projects should no! be located Dear suc.h sites, nor should they be situated downwind from any potentially lethal substances. Also, trucks and railcars transporting those products should not travel near residential developments. COMPTON HOUSING ELEMENT GENEML PI,IN 30 DECEMBER 3, 1991 Infrastructure Constrahts: Water facilities, sewerage facilitiss, steets, sidewa.Ucs" and curbs are of critical i'qportance in the urban emrironmenl The provision aad mainlenance of these facilities eahance the safety c.haracter of the neighborhood and serve as an incentive to homeownels to mai:rtain their homes. Alternatively, when these public improvemen6 arg left 10 deteriorate or their use is overextended, neighborhoods can become neglected and shorp early sigrs of deterioralion" Compton has identified many deficiencies in its sewage collection sj6!em- Substantial improvemeD6 are Deeded 1o sepice exisring developmed and to support aBy intersification which may occur lhrough redevelopment and recycling The water system does not display &e sane inadequacies. Of grcater @ncern is waler supply and water storaSe capacity. Addirional importeq more expensive waler will be needed to accommodate residential growth. The City recognizes that many streets suffer from lack of maintenance. Safe ueigbborhoods require safe steets aDd sidewallc. Neighborhoods along 155th Steet have no curb and guiter improvemenl Erlensive focus will need to be placed on upgrading tbe rcsidential street qBlem. HOUSING OPPORTIJNMES AYallah tty of $res for Houstng Compton is an older, higbly urbanized community with virtually no vacant laad available for residential developmenl As a resul! new deyelopmeDt has for the past several decades consisted of irlill aud replacement construction in existing residential neighborhoods. Within recent years, thc Compton Redevelopment Agencl has sponsored a limited number of 56"sing projects in which older uaits havg beeu rcmoved and replaced with more derse, modem housilg. Ar iwentory of vacaat lanris witb rxidential land usc designations reveals lhe scarcity of vacant land. Of the 6514 acres of land within the corporate City lirnits, only 12.6 vacant acres (020 perceDt) are desigDated Ilw Demity Residential 74.6 acr* (0.D. percent) for Medium Density Residential and 15 aoes (0.02 percent) for High Demity Re,sidential (see COM?TON HOT]SING ELEMENT GENERAL PI-AN 31 DECEMBER J 1991 Figure H-2). If all of these parcels are developed to their r:uximm allowed densities, a total of 400 new units $,iU resull Thus, the CiE will rely primarily upon recycling lor new housing construcrior, consistent with previoB treDds. Residential buildout at the deBities permitled under the City's General Plar would result iD a total of 2&909 dwening udB, as iUustrated ir Tabte H-3, or 5,670 more rmits than existed in 1990, as reported by the US. Bureau of the Census. (This totat indicates build-out within tbe incorporated City limits. Compton's General Plan planning area also coven surrouading unincolporaled sphere of inlluence lands. Buildout in the plaraing area is 44389 urlits. However, at Ois time the City does not have jurisdidion over the entire plenning als1 Thux housing policy and programs focus on the incoryorated City limits.) A map of US. Census lracts wilhin Compton is atlached as Figure H-3. A discussion of housing opportuniries by cemus tracl is locabd in the fechni6a! lryrpsadices. The greatesl percentage of residentially desigpated land is ptanned for low density, single-family housing (78 perceut of residential taDds,35 percetrt of Citywide total). This aceage can suppon approxinately 1824 units, or !946 nore single- family homes rhen currendy exisl By accoDimodaling addirional single-family housing, the City plaDs to inceass home ownership opportunilies for all income groups. Mary opportuaities for new multi-family holsing exist aloag the Cit/s major anerial streets, which are designated Mixed Use on the General Plan land use policy map. The City elpecB thal aging and underused commercial propenies will be recycled to residential uses. As Table H-3 indicateE over 4,000 trew udts could be provided in areas designated for Mixed Use. Housing types will corsist of reDtal unia as well as lor*ale condominiums and townhomes. Compton's housilg policy also will focus on rehabilitating ia exisling housing slock and thereby 6eate additional opportunities for home ownenhip among moderate income households. An abundance of low income housing curently exisls. As stated previously in rhis element, City housing policy foc{ses on providing housing for moderate and higher income groups. The City sees uemendous opportunities for imJ.roving the stock and encouraging home ownenhip and private investmclt lbroughou! the community. COMPTON EOI]SaJC EIEMENT CENERAL PI,AN 32 DECEWER 3 '91 TABLE HA GENERAL PI"AN BIJILIX)T,T . RESIDEMIAL POTENTIAL DBVE'IIIB{T ITOTBTrI/\L I'ND I.SB AVEAAGB llOP(} DESIGNATION ACRES DENSUY I,NII:I II{IION L,P D.drhy R.Jd.ltral 2rft 18,24 70f9t M.dlne D.ndty R.dd.dbl 3Et 5:t13 2,l3\ H8h Dclnty R.dd.ol&l u tb ztut (r.1 to 34 du^. ad) I 48 16J3 TorATS 2 4W 71256 Abba&tl.oa du . ih,!Ub8 udq a. - a.i! Soltr. Coltoo/X.lald/C!3o.iat ., ln!" 1991. COWTON fiOTISlNG ELEMENT: GENERAL PI.AN 33 DECEMBER 3, 191 HOUSING ELEMENT GOAIS AND POLICIES This section of the Housing Element Presents the goals and policies the Citv DlaDs to implement-1) to address housing issues. Five major issue areas are of concern: ensudng that a broad range of housing tpes is amilable to meet tbe needs of existing and future residents; 2) upgading and preserving stoclq 3) elimiDatiDg blighiing iDlluences -created the existing bousiog & lac* of maintenance and incompatible land uses; 4) ircreasing opportuniie,s for home ownenhip; and 5) promoting equal housing opportunilies. HOUSING OPPORTUMTIES The City encourages coDstruction of nsw single-family ani housing'units (including towniouses and condominiums) to ensure-that an adequate supply is available to meet existing and fulure aeeds. Because ComptoB is largely built oul, rcw colstruclion will occ-ui as inlill or as redevelopment on underutilized lots. GOAL 1.0: Achl€vo and maintrh a hlgh alegr€e of quslity axl safety ln the Clty's olaler houshg stock Policy LL Stren$hen exisriqg rehalilitation programs Yhic.h orovide fi-uancial and technical assistance and incentives to iroperty owneE/teDarts to corect housing deficiencies Pollcy 123 Use tbe Cit/s code edorcement Program to bring substandard units into crmpliance wi$ City codes and to improve overall housing conditions in Compto!- Inform cited residents/ownen of available City glant and loan prograEs. Pollc? 13: Replace severely deteriorated units with soun4 quality housing which meets the treeds of residents disPlaced by udt demol.i o!- Pollcy 1.4: Establish a priority list of ncighborhoods targetod for rehabilitation, and focus efforts on the top priority areas. COMPTON EOTJSING EIEMENT CENERAL PI.AN 35 DECEMBER 3 1991 Include in tbe rehabilitation efforts funds to repair infrastructure, up$ade laadscaping and perlorm other physical and aesthetic improvements within lbe target areas. Poltcy 15: Indease awareness araong property owners and residents of City rehabilitarion and maintenauce programs. Pollcy 1.6: Preserve residential neighborhoods which arc economically and physically sound. Polcy 1.73 Enforce health and safety and building code regulations applicable to mobile home parls. Pollcy 1.8: Work witb federal housing aulhorities to facilitate resale and reoccupancl of FIIA foreclosed units, and investigate waln in whicb vacant units may be occlpied until resale occurs. REIIABILTTATION AND PRESERVATION The goal of housing preservation is lo proled tbe exisrirrg investment itr housing and to avoid p\nical decline that will requie larger rebabilitadon effofls in the future to restore quatity aud value. Also, sound housing reduces potential hazards such as electrical lires, poor sanitary conditionq aad exposure to asbestos. In ComptoD, tlhe existing single-family housing stock represents a signilicaDt resource which sould be impossible to repLace due !o existing construaion mts. Rehabilitation of these unils, as well as completion of infraslructure improvementg will help anest the physical decline of entte neigbborhoods and encoumge curreni residents 1o remain in the mmmunities in which they have iwested. The following goal and supponing policias underscore the Citt's resolve to upgrade and preserve existing uoits to creale safe, affordable housing opponunities, especially for prospeclive new owner-occirpant!. GOAL 2.0: Provlde I vsrlety of 6/pes alrd atr aalequate supply of houslng to meet the edsting and ftture reeds of Cltll resldents. COMPTON EOUSING ELEMENT GENEML PLAN DECEMBER 3 1991 Pollcy 2.t Focls housing progam efforts towad increasing &e availability ol tnarke! rate housing for both homeowners and renten. PoDcy 223 Implement laad use policies which allow for a range of residential densities, including low density single- family uses, moderate density townhomes, aad highsl deDsi6, apartments aud condominiu:os. Poltc, 23: Encourage private sector production of housing for special needs groups-lower income households, Oe elderly, disabled penons, large familieq female-headed households, and the bomeless. PoUcy 2.4: homote the development of lox, and moderate income housing by providing deDsily bonuses ard o&er incenlives desoibed in Seclion 65915 of the California Govemmenl Code. Policy 25r Assisr residential developen in identiging la:rd zuitable for new bousing developmenl Polic? 2.6r Avoid concenlration of low and very low income housing in any single portion of the City, as well as in established single-family neighborhoods. Pollcy 2.7: Encourage developmenl of housing for the elderly by ofrering density bonus and olher zoning incenlives, such aj reduced parkin& rellective of the elderys specific needs. Pollcy 2.83 Target a ponion of future Redevelopment. Agency housing set-aside fuds toward large family householcls; provide zoning incenlives, such as reduced lol sizes and density bonuses, 10 facilitate large family housing development Pollcy 293 Enmurage developmenr of residential units accessible to disabled persors or adaptable for convenion to residential use by disabled persons. Policy 2.103 tacare higher density residential development in close proximity to public transponadon, services, and recreation- COMPTON EOT]SING EI.EMENT GENERAL PI.AN 37 DECEMBER 3, 1991 Poltcy 2.11: Coordinale with local social service providers to address the needs of lhe Cit/s homeles population, and homeless men in particular. Policy al2! Work with ownen of identifred "units at rislC to naintain lhe u.nits as affordable beyond the lifetime of the units' loan provisions. Policy 2.1i1: Create compreher:sive deDsity bonus pmvisiors which allow for bonuses in accordance with the State'B 25 percenl density bomrs requiremenl ELIMINATION OF BLIGIIT AND I,AND USE CONT'LICTS Bligbtbg inlluences creared by deteriorating units, and intrusion of iadustrial uses into residential areas can lead to a decline in property values and neighborhood pride. As discussed above, Complon has many areas where mauufacturing activities are located immediately adjacenl to or withiu residential neighborhoods. Through implemenlation of land use policy and the following direaiveq &e City plam to creale more livable residenlial areas. GoAL 3.0: Elllnlnate cotrflicts between reslilentlal and non- resldetrtlal uses. Policl3.& Relocate non-conforming residential usos from redevelopment project areas to appropriate sites wiihin residential neighborhoods. Polity 32: Require new residential projects adjacent to commercially and industrially zoned properties to incorporate adequate buffers inlo site plan desigo. Poucy 33! Perform thorough environmental review of all industrial development proposals planaed near residentially zoned land. Poucy 3.4! Replace Santa Fe GardeDs structules with single- family homes or townhomes and park space, cowfoN EOIISING ELEMENT OENERAL PIIN 38 DECEMBER 3, 1991 INCREASED HOME OWNERSHIP Skyrocketing home prices in Southern California have priced many potential homeowne$ out of the housing marker In Compto4 tbe median bome sales price is notably lower thau that iu I-os Angeles Counly as a wholg yet maay low aJld moderate income housebolds and first-lime homebuyers stfll caonot afford to purchase a house. Complon recognizes that increased home ownenhip can reviralize neigbborhoods by crealing a greater serse of pride and care about house and neighborhood aestbetics. Thus, the City plans to facililate home ownership for all imome groups. GOAL 4.0: Ilcr€ase opportudties for home ownershlp. Poucy 4.1: Rehabiutale FIIA foreclosed urits with ihe intent of reselling the unils to first-time homebuyer and moderate income owner/occupa.nts. Po[cy 42r Provide favorable house purchasing options 1o moderate income households, such as i erest rate write- dowDs, downpayment assistance, and mortgage revenue bond financing. Poucy 43: Encourage alternative home o*nership options, such as sharcd equity and limited equity moperative* EQUAL HOUSING OPPORTUMIIES Housing should be available to all perors regardless of lheir race, ethdcity, or income. Complon will suppon Shtewide housing goals that call for equal housing access lor all pe$ons. GOAL 5.0r Pmmote equal opportunlty for all resialents to reside l!! the housing of their cholce. Poli(y 5.1: Continue 1o cooperate wilh fte Fair Housing Congres of Soufiem California througb the tong Beach Fair Housing Council to enforce fair housiDg lavrs. COMPTON HOUSNG EIEMENT GENERAL PI,IN DECEMBER 3, ,901 Poltcy 52: Inform lhe Long Beach Fair Housing Courcil of any lnown violations of applicable Federal and State las/& Polt(y 53: Establish a City Reiuvestmenl Task Force o quanti$ and asses lender comptiance with the Conmunity Reinvestment Ac! of 1977. Pollcy 5.4: Link the deposit of City funds in local banls and finaucial inslitrioD! to those businesses' fair lending practices in Compton. PNESERVAIION OT AT.RISK HOUSING I'MTS Governmetrt assisled low inclme housing uaits that are at risk of converting to non-low income uses sbould be preserved" GoAL 6.0: Preserve at-rlsk houslog for use as afrordable houslng for loner hcome Clty residents. Poltcy 6.I: Attempt to preserve restricted low income housing in the City that is at risk of converting to non-low income housing by identifying and assisting interested agencies in gaining access to financial and technical resour@s. Pollcy 62: Assist. clrrent lenants of rent restrided buildings lhat are converting. Work with tenants to explore ownership and malagement options and provide relocalion assistance if necessary. ENERGY CONSERVATION EDerSr cosc ca! contribute to higher housing cos6. Thrcugh enersr mDservation programs and effons, these c.osts caD be reduced and thereby provide additional income to residents. GOAL 7.0: Reduce overall houslng costs through pmgrams ao reduce etrergr costs, COWTON TTOUSING ZTZMENT GENERAL PI.AN 40 DECEMBER J 1991 Policy 7.t Require new residenlial crDstruction 10 comPly wi& Slato and local building code iasulal.ion aad energt conservalion standards. Poll.? 72: Thrcugh the residential re-sale bspecrion program, identi.$ opponuaities to improve enerry conservalion in older, existing housing units. Pollcy 73: Inform City residents of the bcrelits of enersr conserr"ation Pollc? 7.4: EncouEge use of alternative ener$r sour@s iucluding active and passive solar features, and fuel cells, in new residential coDstmclion COMPTON EOUSING ELEMENT CENERAL PI,IN 47 DECE IBER 3 191 TIIE HOUSING PLAN This section of the Housing Element descn:bes in detail existing and futffe programs Compton will implement to meet its stated housing goals. A summary of past housing goal performance is also provided. IIOUSING PROGBAMS Compton's overall sfatery for addrcssing its housing needs has been organized according to the following issue areas: o Providing adequate sites to achieve a variety and diversity of bousing, particularly housing for moderate and upper income categories; o Conserving and improving the condition of the existing housing stock; o Cooperalilg with pdvate entities in tbeir effofis to build affordable housi:rg; o Removing goyernmental mDslraints if necessary; and o homoting equal housing opportunity. The following housing programs include both existing programs currently in use in Compton and new pmgraml which will be pursued to address the cit/s housing goals and needs. This section provides a description of each housing program, previous program accomplishmentg and future program goals. The Housing Program Summary (Table H4) located at the end of this section summarizes the future five-year goals of eacb housing program and identifies the program funding source, responsible agency, and time frame for implementation. The City does not have the resources ro address all of the mnstruction conservalion aad rebabilitation needs identified in the Housing Element. The quantilied objectives contained COMPTON HOT]SING ELEMENT GENERAL PIAN 42 DE(EMBER 3, 191 in this element are the maximum amou ol units that the City can addres durbg this period. The Cit/s objectives emphasize rehabilitation because of past successes of these rehabilitation prograos, the need to address an older housiag stocl! and the ability of conserr"ation and rehabilitation progra!:s lo help the greatest number of people with limited available resources. Under the various discussions of previous program accomplisbments, tbe City dsscribes the number of uaits or households which have participated ia the programs in the past five yea$. The discussion does not compare the accomplishmenls to past goals sirce tbe City did uot clearly define goals in the mosl recently adopted prior element (1983). The City believes it has provided substantial houring assistance and has implemetrted several unique programs dudrg the past five years. Therefore, the City has conduded that it has made substantial progres in implementing its housing goals, that the Housing Element has been elfectivq and ihai the goals, obj$tives 8Dd policies of the Housing Element have been appropriate. The progress and effectiveness of the Cit/s program is slmmarized below. Pmgram FlYe-Year Accompllshments Mortgage Revenue Bonds 203 units Uni! Rehabilibrion - Ownen 300 units Unit Rehabiutation - Renters 89 units (26 loans) Code Enfolcrment 1,440 citalioDs annualy Neighborhood Beautif icarion $1,688,738 spem Section 8 742 units annually Section 202 10 unils The goals pul lorth in lhis elemenl build upon past experience by continuing strong programs - primarily those which address ulit rehabilitatioL Examination of past ac.omplishments COMPTON EOUSING ELEMENT GENERAL PI,IIN DECEMBER 3 191 shows tha! the City needs to provide programs r,hic.h inoease homeownenhip opportuniries Thus, new programs will be established toward this end (acquiring foreclosed properties, shared equity). L0 Ircrcastng Houshg Opporturttles In light of its current position as a 'negative fair share' comnunity, Complon seek to hfiease housing opportunities for moderats and upper income households. These opponunities nay exisl in the lorm of new housing (new constuclion) and rehabilitated units made available for sale to these taryet income groups. Complon will use the following programs to atfacl Dew homeouners and renters. The City anticipales that programs described under the heading "Conserving and Improviag Existbg Afrordable Housing' wi atuact moderate and upper income households by inprovirg existing single-family neigbborhoods, thereby encouraging investmenl by parries previously hesitan! to invest in aging neighborhoods. Compton segls to encouage "gentrificatior"' 1-A. Land Use Elemerc The Compton T nnd Use Element eslablishes a range of residential densities and accommodates residential uses on approximately 45 percent of the Citys tolal 6J14 acres. Densities of up to eight units per aoe are permitted ir areas dosignated Irw Dersity Residenlial. from 8.1 to 17 dweuings per unit in Medium Density Residential areag and between 17.1 and 34 units per acre in areas designated Higb DeDsily Residential. Iand use policy will allow for new residential development via redevelopment aud recycling. hevious Table H-3 identilies the pote ial maximum buildout, as permitted by land use policy. As discussed previously, the City expecls adual build out will be somewhat less tban maximum possible developmenl Thug 1a.nd use policy allons lor 28,909 lotal residential udts in Comptorq or 5,670 more units thar exisled in 1990 as reported by &e U.S. Bureau of the Census. In reviewing development proposals for new housing the City will encourage larger lot, delached siugle-family residences in the R-L zone. COMPTON EOUSING ELEMENT GENERAL PIAN 44 DECEMBER 3, 191 1-B. Mortgage Reyenue Bonil Flnanclng: Mongage revemre bonds can be issued by citi6 or couaties to support the development of multi-family or single-family housing for low and moderale income househokls. Ias Angeles County has established rwo revenue bond housing progams to inoeaso the supply of allordable housing in the Counly: the Multi-Family Reverue Boad Program and rhe Single-Family Residential Mongage Revenue Bond hogram. Under &ese programs, tax-exempt bonds are issued ro provide funds for construction and mortgage loans to encourage developen to provide both rental and for-sale housing which b allordable to lower income familie,s and individuals. The Multi-Family Revenue Bond Program is designed to make Iinancing available to developers lor the coDsiruction of mulri-family residential renlal unia in the County. In order to receive financiag lhrough the bond prograrl developen musl reserve for 10 years, 20 percenl of the units for rental by families or individuals who earn 80 percent or less than the median family income in Los Angeles County. In addilioq for rccent projecs, half of the lower iucome udts must be reserved for occupancy on a priority basis for tenants who generally eam 50 percent or less of the m.ediaa inmme. Projecls financed after the passage of the 1986 Tax Reform Act must commit their 20 percenl desigDaled uaits for a period of 15 years. The Single-Farrily Residential Mortgage Rwenue Bond Program is designed to provide mortgage loans to Iirst-time homebuyers whose incomes do not exceed maximum federal limits. Buyen mu$ also intend to live in lhe homes as their principal rasidence. Mortgage loans ollered under the bond program generally have lower intercst rates lhan conventional loa.ns. Loatrs are made available for athched and derached single-family residences iu eligible developmenls a! rious locatioDs throughout the County. A smaller portion of funds are availablc for existing or resale units Countywide. Prcvious Accompllshmerts: The City has used Moreage Revenue Bond funds to creale several new single-family units (attached and detached). During the 1989-90 HAP reporting perio( Compton facilitated construction of two townhome developmens (otaling 106 uEits) and a 97-lot COMPTON TIOUS]NG ELEMENT GENEML PLAN 45 DECEWER 3 191 single-family subdivision relying primarily upon the bond funds. Pmgram Goalsr Bonds provide a cost-effective mechanism the City can ulilize to promote affordable ownenhip and/or rental opportunities. The Citt's emphasis will be upon oeating ownership opponuaities for moderate inmme households. The Cit/s panicipation in bond financing can be limited to sponsoring programs and funding administrative cosls. The City will sell bonds to assist at least one projea before 1994. 2.0 conservfug 8[d Impmyhg Edstlng Afroralable Houshg Housing rehabilitalion includes major efforts to improve property and alteralions aimed at converting tbe type or number of units. The goal of bousing preservation is to protecl the existing quality and investment in bousing aDd thus avoid physical decline tbat will require a larger, later rehabilitation effor! to restore quality and value. Througb rehabilitation efforts, the City also hopes to etrcourage roinvestment in the neighborhoods and to atEact moderate and upper income home buyer, Compton qualifies as an entidement City for the Federal Community Development Block Grant program; thu$ the city bas discrelion of expendirure of CDBG funds. Compton's 1991-92 fiscal year CDBG allotmen! is $3342283. CDBG resources will be used for residential rehabilitation pro$am& These programs, combined wi& code enforcement activitiei will work rcwards improving C.omptont existing housing stoclq 2-A. Restalentlal Rehabllltatlon Pmgra.m: Through the CDBG prograrA HUD provides monies to local govenments for a wide range of commudE developmenl activities whicb beuefit lower income households. The City uses a ponion of its CDBG monies to implement tbe following residential rehabilitation programs for owner-occupied units. 1. Defemed Equity Iralrs: The Defened Equity Iran Program provides loans of up to $30,000 1o allow very low income owrer-occupants to male necessary improvements to their homes. The loan is designed to bring existing structures into compliance with City cldes. COMPTON HOUSING ELEMENT GENEML PI/IN 46 DECEMBER 3, 1991 A homeov,,ne/s income mu$ be below 50 percent of the Coutrty mediatr to participae in the progran The loan is a simple interest loan of five percent per year, due aud payable upon sale, trarsfer of title, and/or foreclosure. l.oan amounts are based upou the amount of equity in the stucture, and a loan plus other encumbrances normally do trot exceed 75 perccnt of the existing equity. 2. Compersatlng Balance llan: This program provides below marke! interest rales for homeowren based upon tbeir inmme and the percentage of loan balance held as compensation The followilg schedule is used: Inmme Category Larr Terms/Madmum (90 of Countv Medlan Income) f.cn Amnnnt 5190 - 8090 4 for 15 yrs./ $25,0@ naxinum 8190 - 10090 690 for 15 yn./$25,000 manmum 7O79o - 72O9o 890 for 15 yls./$25,000 malomum Prel,lous Accompushments: In the past five years, approximately 300 homeowners bave participated in the loan programs. Pmgram coals: The Cit/s 1989-1990 Housing Assistance Plan eslablishes an aanual assistan@ goal of al least 30 unils to be rehabilitated through rebarcs, loans, and grants. The Housing Element establishes a more aggressive goal of 40 units annua[y. The City will augment CDBG monies wilh and other amilable monies as necessary to meer &is goal (see "Funding Sources' discusion). 2-B,. Rentat Rehabllltatlon Pmgrsm3 The City maintains a Rental Rehabilitation Program to encourage rehabilitation oI rental bousing stock, bolh aparlaetrt buildings and single-family bomes. Through the COM?TON EOT]SING ELEMENT GENERAL PI,IN DECEWER A 891 program, the City olfen below market rate loars to be used on renlal projects for low and rnoderate income households. The loans are used in conjunction with rental subsidies 10 encourage owner participation The Citys offorts focus on units containing three or more bedrooms to addres housing needs of large families. Ptcylous Accompllshmentsr A total of26 loans on 89 udts) Re al Rehabilitatiors loars has been made since 1986. Program Goal$ This housing program offen much needed rehabililation assistance for the Cit/s rental housing stock Based on the subslartial need in Compton for rehabilitaliou of the stock of rental housin& the Housing Element establishes a five-year assistance goal of 160 units. LC Code Enforcement/Operatlon Clean Streep3 The objective of fte Cit/s code enfolcement program is to bring subsrandard housing unils into compliance with City codes. Potential code violaliors are identified based on visual exterior surveys by the Citt's code enforcement oflicen, as well as complaints reported to the City. Interior inspections are then usually performed a:rd, if necessary, code citalions are issued to the property owner. The owner is also informed of aay rehabilitation loars or grants be/she may be eligible for to assist in correaing code violations. The property onaer has len daln to correct violations, at whicb dme a follow up inspection is conducted. If code violatioDs are still presenl, the propefiy owner is given another fourteen da),s to correct the deficiency before the case is lraDsferred to tbe Cily Altorne/s ofice. Apprmimately 10 percent of code violators in Compton are referred to lhe City Attomey. If the property owner fails to make the necessary corections, tbe Municipal Crun can firc the owner and order the work to be completed. A second approach to code enforcement involves requiring horne inspection prior to any sale or traDsfer. In 1973, the City adopted au ordinance which requires irpecrion by the Departroent of Buildiag and Safety prior 1o sale or lrarxfer. The ordinance requires that prospeclive owners be given a report listing all exisfing COMPTON EOTIS|NC EIEMENT GENERAL PL-AN 48 DECEMBER 3, 1991 code violalions, as well as the authorized use, occupancy, and zoning designation of the property. The thfud approach involves an inter-agency effort to identify and correcl code violatioDs wiuin target neighborboods. The Cit/s Operation Clean Sweep, which has been lsed on a limited but very effective basiq uses penomel &om the Housing Code Enforcement, Police, Firg and Special Services divisions to iDspecl as a group substandard structures within specific neigbborhoods. Rehabilitation efforts are Yast- tracked' to allow for quick remediation at a neighborbood scale. Prevlous Accomp[shments: With live full-time code enlorcement office$, lhe City operates a very proactive code onforcement program- An average of 120 residen' tial propenies are cited on a monthly basis, vith rentals run by abseotee landlorcis comprising 40 percent ol the propenies cited. Code enforcement ofricers report a higb incidence of unit overcrowding as evidenced by illegal garage convetsions and subdivisions of single- lamily homes into numerous rental units. TeDants displaced as a result of the correclion of such illegal condilions are relerred to the Fair Housing Authority. With regard to operation Clean Sweep, &e City succeeded in rehabilitatilg 40 units within a nine-moath time frame. Pmgram Goalss Compton's mde eDiorceme program has been effedive in reducing substandard housing mnditions in the City. The City will codiuue to employ Iive code enforcement oflicers ro maintain rhis program. Also, &e pre-transfer home impection reporting program will continue to be in effecl Operalion Clean Sweep will be targeted at a minimnm of rwo neighborhoods. 2.D. Netghborhood Beautlllcatlon: To complement NIPP efforts, the City in fie pasl ran a Neighborhood Beaulification Program, a quxi-self help program aimed at low income familie.s, the elderly, and disabled residents. The City provided painl at nominal cosl to residents in lalget neighborhoods for extcrior house pailting. Tbe program also provided resoutces for grafliti clean up and landscape maintenance. Block club,s COMPTON HOUS]NG EINMENT CENERAL PI-/IN 49 DECEMBER 3, 191 and community $oups were encou&8ed to Provide labor to supplemenl City resources. Prevlous Accompllshmerts: Since 1986, the City has spent $1,688,738 on the Neighborhood Beautifrcation PrograrE" Approximately 131 residents and neighborhood groups and organizations have participated in the program annually. Program GoaI$ The City oeects the Neighborhood Beautilication Program can be implemented for a one- year period. LE. conservatlon of Units at Rlsls A conmuni9s existing alfordable bousing stock is a valuable resource whic.h should be conserved, and as necesary, improved to meet habitability rsquirements. Because none of the currendy rent-restricted housing units in Complon lhat techaically are at risk of converting to non-low income housing are expected to convert during the next fve yeaB (see the discussioa in the "Summary of Housing Needs' section), Compton's objective is !o conserve all at risk units. Pmgram Goals! The goal of this program is to coDserve existing and future units developed specfically for low and moderate income householcls. This wil be accomplished by rhe following actions. a) The City will monilor al-risk housing udts to ensure thal those units will rot be losl as low inmme housing, and to work with nonprolits in the community !o explore posible nonprofrt acquisition of the units if the buildings are sold. b) The City plans to ir:form the ourcr of lhe oDIy at risk projec! the Nexr Wilnington Arms, of the Cifs desire to work with the owner in the event of a sale under LIHPRrIA" The City wiU keep in conlact with the owner as lhe prepayment date is approachilg. c) If it does appear thar $e ownels of New Wilningron Arros will prepay lheir loan so as Lo terminale their current use of ihe building, ths City COMPT:ON HOUSING ELEMENT GENERAL PIJN 50 DECEMBER J 1991 plalrs to work with lenants of lhe building to iDform them of their rights and ownership possibiliries uader LIHPRILd d) The City has identified ad spoken with tbree nonprofrt organizatiors curren y iuvolved in housiug projects in &e Compton area interested in the possibility of participating in the acquisition of New Wilmington Arms were it to become available. The National Housing Ministry currendy -e"eges the Santa Fe Apartments in Compton and also owns and/or manages 15 low income housing projeas in Southern California The prirnary source of funding for the Minislry has been Section & The Ministry has two fuU-time sialf membea The National Housing Ministry was contacled and expressed interest in acquisition and management of at risk units. The Irs Angeles Community Design Center also expresed interest in &e possible acquisition of at risk units in Compton Operating primarily throug! joint venture arrangemens witb local commudty groups, tbe Design Center has participated in the development or rehabilitation of over 100 apartment units in the [.os Angeles area- The De,sig! Canter employs a stall of 14 people and is funded prinarily tbrough architecture and development fees. Curry Temple is a church affrliated organization that has also expresed interest in acquiring ard/or managing at risk units. Curry Temple is currently in the proces of developing a 42-uait senior housing facility and is actively involved in other community social service projects. If New lffilmingron Arms is to be sol4 the Compton Redevelopment Agency (CRA) will initiate disctssions wirh inlerested nonprolits. CRA will act as a go between the owner and nonprofils and provide technical assislance to the nonprofits as needed, and as time permits. Technical assislauce will include help findiry additional sources of financing. COWTON EOUSING ELEMENT GENER!4L PLAN 51 DECWBER 3, 194i It is unlikely ftat lhe City will be able to provide direc! financial support lowards the acquisition of at risk units. Budget cuts and the need to focus resources on lighling the deterioration of the existing housilg stoc.k and bliglr have already sl.retched the housing budget in the City to its limiL compton s CDBG funds may be amilable as a funding source for acquisition of or subsidizing at risk uaits in the future. Curren0y however, Oese monies are targeted towarals orher programs aimed at presewing and rehabi[tating housing in ihe City. Redevelopment set-aside funds have been identified by the State as a potential funding source for the preservation oI at risk units. In Compton lhere axe clrrendy no set-aside funtis amilable for presermlion of at risk units because all of tbe tax increment money thal the City is receiving is needed to pay bond indebtedness. The Compton Housing Authority is similarly unable to provide frnancial assistance for the preservation of at risk units. The CoEplon Housing Authorit/s function is limited to the administration of ihe HIID Section 8 program, and the Authority has no futrds for acquisition or developmenl e) The City wi[ consider using CDBG furds to prwide relocation assistance to low incone househotds in tbe event that unils are lost though prcpalmxenl or if loss of Section 8 subsidies results in displacemenl LF. Forrclosed Pmpertles: Complon contairs many FIIA- loan units which have beeD abaDdoDed, boarded up, 3nd/or foreclosed. These uails, if properly rehabilitated, olIer opporrunities for providing low-cost housing. The City can facilitate unit rehabilitation and return fte unils to the narkel. Funding to puchase and rehabilitate the units may be obtained thiougb IfUD and State proglarns. Previous Accomplishme[ts: This represents a new progran for Compton- COMPTON EOUSING ELEMENT GENERAL PIAN DECEMBER j 1991 Program Goalsr Since this program serves lwo impoltant purposes - ploYiding affordable housing and reuovating substandard units with HIJD assistance - the City will work to obtain fuadiog for FIIA home acquisition A total of 10 FHA units wiU be rehabilitated and resold/rented each year. 3.0 Matrtarn Afrordable Houslng for Sp€dal Needs Gmups As srated throughout this elemenl, Compon will focts on rehabilitating its exisling housing stocll Tbe City c'urrently has an ample supply of affordable bousing comparcd to Irs Angeles Courty as a whole. However, the City wil cooperate with developers wishing to build quality subsidized udts, panicularly for the elderly, disable4 and large families. 3-A. Latrd Ass€mblage and Wrlte-Dorm: lte City catr rrilize both CDBG and redevelopment funds to wdte doq|n the cost of land for tbe developme of new housing for special needs groups and moderale income households. The intetrt of this program is to reduce land costs to the point wbere it becoDres economically feasible for a pri- vale developer to build uni$ whicl are alfordable to targeted households. As part of the land writedown prograrn, the City may also assist in acquiring and assembl.ing propeny aad in subsidizing on-site and off-site improvements. Preylous Accompllshments, Due to oristitrg debt servico obligations for redevelopment bonds, lhe City has noi put any monies into redevelopment set-aside (lax hrement) programs and tbus has not had this resource to use for new housing developmenl However, througb other funding sources, the City has helped build three for-sale developments totaling over 213 utrit& Pmgrsm Goals: Through the Redevelopmenl Agency, the Cily will make every reasonable effor1 to proyide land write dorvns for residential ptojects which set aside a1 least 20 percent of the unis for moderate income households. The City does not expect to make extensive use of this program during the planning period since no redevelopment set-aside resources arc a icipated. However, CDBG and otber funding sources will be used to assist uon-profit and for-profrt developen in building alfordable units for the elderly, disabled, aad large COMPTON HOUSING EIETIEIIT GENERAL PIJIN 53 DECEMBER 3, 1991 families. At least one 75-unit senior citizen development wiU be assisted. The City will locate a site for such a project and will contact krxown glouPs interested in panicipafiug in such a progran]. 3.8. Section E Rental Asslstance Palmentsflouslng Vouchers: The Federal Section 8 rcnlal assistance program extends renlal subsidies to low income families and the elded who speod more than 30 percent of their inmme on renl The subsidy represenls the differeace benpeen the excass of 30 percent of the nonihly income and the actual renl" The voucher program is similar o the Section 8 progam, although participanf receive housing \ouchers' rather than certifical.es. Vouc.hers permit tenants to locate their ourn housin& Unlike the cenificate prograrl participants are permitted to reDt unils beyond the federally determined fair market rent in an are4 provided the tenalt pays tbe extm rent incre- me[L The Reagan administratiou proposed convening the Seclion 8 cenilicate program to a voucher q61em; this proposal is expeded to be implemented under the Bush administralion by the HUD Secrelary. Fteylous Accompllshments: Compton has its owE Housing Authority to administer the Section 8 Cenificate/Voucher Prograr:- As of 1997, a lotal of 742 households in Complon lvere receiving rent certilicates. Pmgram coal$ Tbe City finds it difficult to projecl the number of addilional housing vouchen the City will actually receive from HUD. However, based on previous allocation levels, the City expects to maintain 742 rental subsidies per year. No inoeases in Seaion 8 vouchers/ceflifi cates will be encouraged. Density Bonu$ Pu$uan! lo Slate delsity bonus law, if a bousing developer allocates at least 20 percenl of the units in a housing projecl lor lower income householdg 10 percent for very low income households, or at leart 50 percent for "quali$ing residents' (e.g. senior citizens), the City must eitber a) gra the developer a density bonus of 25 percenl, along with one additional regulatory concession to ensure that the housing developme will be produced at a reduced cost, or b) provide other incentives of equivalont fiaancial value based upon the laDd cost per dweUing unit. The developer shall agroe to coM?roN HOUSING ELEMENT GENER!4L PLAN 54 DECEMBER 3, 1991 and the City shall ensure continued allordability of all lower income deasity bonus units for a minimum 3Gyear period. Prer,lous Acconpllshments: Only one deDsity bonus project has been approved in Compton in the pasl" but to dale the project has not been conslrucled. The City relies upon developer initiative for such projects. Pmgram coals: The City has had limiled previous success with this prograra since it relies entirely ulnn private developer initiative. The City does not have a policy ol actively seeking panicipation in this progran, but the City will continue to willingly work wirh any developer proposing a density bonus project By the end of 1992, lhe City will revise its zoning code to reflecl current State density bonus requirements. Density bonus applicarions will be reviewed as tbey arc submited. Sltes for Homel€ss ShettersAransltlonal Houslng: Compton has an estimaled homeless populatioD of 1m penoas. Many of these individuals are people with alcohol and drug problems. Compton has two emergency shelters wilhin ils boundaries for women and single mothers. Additioual shellers are located in the adjacent cities. Pmgram Goalsr An identifred need exists {or talsilional housing for men The City wil assist a pd te organiztion in providing a facility or facilities of minirrn'm 2Gbed capacity. Also, the City wiU cooperate with the Welfare Rights Organization in its eforts io expand its existing sbelter for women The City will continue 10 cooldinate with the Salmtion Army to pro- vide assistance to lhe homeles. In addition, &e City will amend is zoning ordinancc to permit development of transitional housing in mulfi-family residential zones iu locations close 10 services, and to permit emergency shelten in commercial and industrial zones, subject to a Conditional Use Permir Shared Equtty Pmgram/Dowtrpalment Asslstarce: Equity sharing allows lower income households to purchase a home by sharing the costs of home ownership with a sponsol such as a local Housing Authority or Redevelopment Agency. The sponsor and the buyer COMPTON fiOTISlNG ELEMENT GENERAL PIJIN 55 DE(frtBER 3 191 would then together provide tbe downpayment atrd purchase costs to buy a house. Wbeu the bouse is sold, the equily eamed tbrough appreciation is split between the ocrupant and the sponsor sccording 1o an agreemen! made prior to purchase, The structue of a shared equity program depends on the co-inveslo$, the soqrce of fundg and community ne€ds. A program can be as simple as a partne$hip, whereby lbe ocrupant and sponsor purchase tbe bome ogether atrd sbare lhe proceeds upon sale of the property in the same ratio as purchase costs wete shared. In order to prevent the sbared equity program from beiag used for Specllative purposes, the buyer is required to octlpy the home to be purchased. Tlre City can resewe rhe right of first refusal when the home is sold, providing a nec.ha- nism to maintain the long-term allordability of thc unil. Recent case law (Oceanside vs. McKenna) validates the rigbt of the City/Agency to require owner ocqrpancy with no traosfer. Prevlous Accompllshments: This is a new program 10 be implemented for the 1989-199 plrnnirg Period. Pmgram Goals: This program serves as a financing tool to provide homeownership opportuDities to low aDd moderale income households. While shared equity finaDcing does occ.trr in the market puchase terms are ofteu Dot in tbe besl interest of the occupanl It is therefore recommended thar the Cily work with rhe Housing Autbority or through the Redevelopmenl Agency to offer shared equity as a homeownership option to low and moderale income households, and paniolarly to large family househokls. The program will be established such that the City wil be fte equity panner. Funding sources will include the CDBG, HOME, and redevelopment set-aside, if it is available. The goal of this program is 1o ofter downpayment assistance to 10 bouseholds during the period of this Housing Elemenl 3-F. Federal Houslng Pmgram Sectlon 202 Asslstsnc!3 Federal programs provide avenues for non-profit and for- prolit developen ro build housing for disadvanlaged householtis. The Section 202 program makes loars available for developmen! of rental or cooperative COMPTON HOUS|NC ELEMENT GENEML PI.4N 56 DECEMBER 3, 1991 housilg for the elderly and disabled. Public agencies are specifically prohibited from participating in Section 2@ programs. However, Compton does assist interested panies in submitting Section 202 applications to HUD. Tbe City has its own Housing Authority thuE the City can closely cooldinate with HUD while assisting i erested developers. Also, the City can help by acquiring properties and providing land cost wdte dovrns to non-profit organizations inlerested in devcloping Section 202 housing. Prevlous AccompUshm€rt$ Since 1986, ths City has provided assistance to allow for coDstruclion of oEe Section 202 development total.ing 1m ur ts. Tuo addilional Section 202 developments are currendy being developed to provide an additional 123 units. Pmgram coals: Because tbe Section 202 program requires initiative other than the Cit/s, the City will conlinue to provide Section 202 assistaftr on a case-by- case basis. The City will coopemte with interested non- profit developen. One 75-unit senior citizen development will be built under this prograo. 4.0 Equal Houslng Opportunlty To truly meet the communit/s housing needs, Compton must ensure that housiug is accesible to all penons regardless of race, religion, family size, madtal status, national origin, agq or physical disability. Ttre changing demographics in Compton underscore the need to promote equal housing oppomrnities. 4A. Equal Houstng Opportunlty S€rvlces: As a panicipating City in the CDBG hograq Compton contribules monies and cooperates wi& the Fair Housing Congress of Southern Calilomia through the Long Beach Fair Housing Foundation to enforce fail housing larrs. The City periodically advertises services offered by the Fair Housing Foundalion which include housing discrimiration response, landlord-tenant relalions, housing information ard courseling, and community educatioo prograEs. &L Reltrvestment TBsk Force Compton is aware that lending praclices of financial institutions historically have denied community residenls homeownership COMPTON HOWING ELEMENT GENEML PIAN 5',7 DECEMBER 3 19,1 opponunities. To mitigale housing disinvestment in the City, Compton will form a Reinvestmenl Task Force by early 1992 to investigale lender compliance with the Commurity Reinveslment Act of 1yr7. Based upon its Iindings, the Task Forcr will rccommend measures to be underlaken to increase loan activity. 5,0 Remove Goyernmeltal Collslralnts As described abovg the City has developed a fast-rac& development process to move applicatioDs more quic.kly through review procedures. Thus, the most obvious local govemmen! developmetrt coDslraints are zoning ordinaDcg requiremenls. (Tte City does trot coDsider its development review fees lo be at a level whicb discourages residential housing applicatiors.) 9A. Zonlng Ordlnance! The zoning ordinance serves as tle primary tool to implerxent the General Plan" The following regulalions affect the conservation and development of housing i! Compton: Provisions for 5,000 square fool lots in single-family zones, including provisions allowing more than one unit on a lot (althougb 5,000 square feet must be provided for each unit); Provisions allowing manufactured housing in all residential zones; The Planned Development and Specific Development zones, which allow for flex'bility in the layout and design of residential pmjects; Provisions allowiry anached garage conversioDs to residenlial uses; and Liberal non-conlorming regulations which allow for extetrded conlinuance of non-conforming residential uses. Pmgram Coals: This Housing Element is part of an overall update to the City of Coll]plon General Plan completed in 1991. Upon adoption of the Plau update, tbe City wi revise its zouing ordinance as lecessary to provide compliance with the General Plaa The COMPTON HOUSING ELEMENT GENERAL PI,/,N 58 DECEMBER A 191 following provisioDs will be among &ose added to the Citt's zoning ordinance: o Allowances for tansitional housing and emergency sbelters in specilied locatioB subject to a Conditional Use Permit; o Density bonus provisions for seaior citizen and other quali$ing housing developmenls; aDd o Variance procedures for rwiew of parking requirements for multi-family projecls. The goal of this program is to revise ihe Citt's zoning ordinancc by the end ol 1992 to provide consisrcncy rith the updated General PlarL T'TJNDING SOI]RCES CoEplou v/iU rely upoa local (tax increment), state, and federal resources to fuad its bousing programs. Iacal Resources As discussed abovg the City currently allocates none of ils tax incremenl income for housing; all income is used to service existing bond debls. Howevel by the end of 1991, rhe CiE anticipates consolidation of its 1wo redevelopmeDl plaDs, plur expanding the project area bouudaries to indude virtually all commercial and industrial development in Compton The new projeo area should generate income for the housing set-aside accounl The poleniial resources camot be estimated at this rime and will depend upon the Redevelopment Agenqt s success in attracting new income-generating businesses. State Resources As of this writing, no Slate housing plograms have been applied for in Compton in recent yea6. As part of the CIIAS, the City is researching available State housing tunding sources. The foUowing Stale housing programs have beea identi{ied for evaluation: COMPTON ITOUSING ELEMENT GENERAL PI.AN 59 DECEMBER A 191 o Califomia Homeowne$hip Assistance ProgBm (equity sharing mongage participation loans); o Califomia Housing Rehabilitation hogram - Owner Componenti o Califomia Housing Rehabilitalion Program - Rental Component; o Proposition 84 Housing Fuuds; o Proposition 77 Housing Funds; o Califomia Housing Finance Agency - New Construclion; and o Emergency Shelter Grant Prograra The foUowitrg two state luudilg sources will be actively pursued in Compton: Califomia Housing Finance ASenc! (CHFA): CHFA raises funds for mortgage fiaancing through the sale of tax-excmp! revenue bonds. CHFA uses proceeds from the sale of these boncis to provide below-market interesl mortgage loars for the purchase, purcha.se and rehabilitation, and rehabilitation-related mortgage refinancing in seleaed areas. Through CHFlls mortgage assistance programs, individual borrowen are able to obtain very favorable mongage hterest rates. Builders and developen apply for C[{FA financing through approved mortgage lenden. CHFA also makes loans on single-family resale homes. The City's Housing Division will conduct a public outreach program (brcugh flien or similar methods) to lef poGntial new homeowoers (existing renters in the City) loxow thal such financing is available in Compton. The City wil work with private lenden in Compton to gain State approval. Energenq Shelter Grant Progran: HCD administen the Federally-funded Emergency Shelter Grant Prognm (ESGP). Each County receives a grant allocalion for distribulion to local govemmeut agencies and nonprofit corporations for the rehabililation or conversion of buildings for use as emergencJ AMPTON EOT]STNG ELEMENT GENERAL PIAN 60 DECEMBER 3, 1991 shelter for the homeless, for the payment of certain operating and social senice experses in conneclioa with emergency shelter lor the homelesq and for homeless prevention activities. The City of Compton will apply to HCD before 1994 for an ESG to provide funding for existing homelcs services in the community, and to assist in the developnent of a rehabilitative tansilional housing faciUty. Federal Resources The foltowing paragrapbs describe available federal funding sources. Cotnnuaity Devebpntenl Bbck Granr (CDBG): CDBG monies are ComptoD's primary source of furds for low and moderate income housing assistance. CDBG funils have be.en used for a variety of eligible purposes, and wiU contim.le to be used to stabilize neighborhoods and preserve and upgrade the existing housing stock Funds will be focused on owaer and renter housing rehabilitatioq and upgrading of delerioBted irfrastuctule in low income neighborhoods. In order to create substantive neighborhood improvemeut and stimulate additionat unassisted improvement efforu, the City wil focus a ponion of its rehabililation assistance in targeted neighborhoods. Compton's CDBG atlotmenl from HUD for the 1991/% fiscal year, including reallocalion ,unds, is $332283. This allotment reprcsenls a small increase over the previous fiscal year, and lits a trend of small yeady inoeases when reallocation amounts are included. Sectbn 8 Ceniflcates/Vouchzn: 'f\e Cit/s Housing Deparunenl ulilizes the Section 8 Existing Rental Subsidy/Voucher pro$am to proyide rent subsidies to very low income teBants. Tbe rent subsidy represents the difference betlreen ihe exces of 30 percent of the monlhly household income and the actual renL Including both projest and bnant based subsidies, a total of 742 Section 8 cenificates/vouchers are currendy provided in C.omptor" The City will focrrs ils elforts on sec1.tring addidonal rent subsidies from HUD only when combined with the Cit/s rental rebabilitation program. The provision of rent subsidies has proven a key factor in atrracting property ownels to utilize the rental rehabilitation pro$an COWTON EOWNG ELEMENT GENEML PIJIN 67 DECEMBER J, 1991 HOME Progran- The HOME program was created under the National Hbusing Alfordability Act of 1990. Under HOME, HUD will award funds to localities on the basis of a formula which takes into account tighlness of the local housing market, iladequate housing poverty,and housing production cmts. Localities must qualify for at least $500,000, based on HUDS dislribution formul4 10 rec€ive direa allocation ol iunds, or can apply to the State or combine with adjacent judsdictions. HOME funding is provided to jurisdictions 10 assist eitber rental housing or homeownership through acquisitioD, construclior, reconstruction, and/or rehabilitation of affordabte housitrg. AIso possible is tenaut-based rental assistance, propelty acquisitio4 sile improvemenls, and olher expeDses related to the provision of affordable hosing and for projeds lhal serve a group identified as havilg special neeals ielated 1o housing. The local jurisdiction must ma.ke matching contributions 10 allordable bousing under HOME on the following sliding scale: 25 percent local share for rental assistance or rehabilitation, 33 percent for substantial rehabililatioD, and 50 perce for new consEuclion The City's culent annual allocation under the HOME program is $317,@0. HOPE for Homeownership of Mukifonib Units (HOPE II): Eligible applicants for this program include residenl management corporations, resident councils, cooperative associations, public or private nonprofrt corporations, and public bodies, ircluding public housbg authorities. This program has lwo pans. Plrnning grants are i ended 10 help applicants develop homeownership programs, such as development of resident maDagement corporatiors, tenaat atrd homebuyer courseling, job training planning for economic development" self sufliciency activities, and othen. lmplemetrtalion grants may be used for activilies to cary out homeownership prograns in rental propenies. Activities include architectural worlg acquisition of eligible propertiel rehabilitation of any property covered by the program, relocation of teDalts who elect to nove, impleme atioa of a replacement bousing plaq and others. COWTON EOUSINC EIEMENT GENERAL PLAN 62 DECEMBER 3 '991 Matching funds of 33 percent are required Aom non-federal sources, and income eligibility and resale restrictioDs apply. The Compton Housing Authority will pu$ue HOPE tr funding to facilitate lenant purchase of low income rental projects HOPE lor HonaowarsWp of Single Pontb Homet ( OPE III): Eligible applicants for rhir program include private nonprofrt organizations, cooperative associations, and public agencies. Similar to HOPE tr, this program has two parts, Planning grants are intended 1o help applicanls 1o develop homeownenhip programs, includiry the ide ifrcation of eligible pmpenies" feasibility studieE honebuyer courseling planning for economic development, job training and seli-sufliciency activities and other. Implemeotation grants may be used for activities 1o cary out homeowaership programs related to government singl.e family homes. Activities include acquisition of properties, rehabilitation of propenies, relocation cosis, and olhe$. Matching funds of 33 percetrt are required from non-federal sources, and income eligibility and resale restrictiors apply. The Compton Housing Authority wi[ purnre HOPE Itr funding to encourage increased home ownenhip among lover income households. Low Income Housing Presenaion and Resident Homeownenhip Acl (LIHPRHA): Subjed to funding appropriations, LIHPRIIA will provide &e following financial incentives necesary for acquisition ol fedemlly subsidizeq at-risk projects by non-profit organizatiors, lenants, and local governments: o Projec!-baed Section 8 conEacls; o Grants to non-profrt purchasen to frll the gap betneen market and allowable renls; and o Mortgage insurance for equity take-out loans and acquisition loans. COMPTON HOUSING EI.EMENT OENEML PIJN 63 DECEMBER 3, 1991 In addirion, tbe following represents a sigailicant new souce of private iunds the City of Compton can pursue for implementatiotr of its affordable homeownenhip goals: Fedenl Home Loan Bank (FHLB): The afordable housing programs mandated by the Financial hstitutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcemetrt Act GIRREA) of 1989 and the Commuaity Reinveslment Act are now being impleme ed through the 12 Federal Home Iran Banks. By law, the a{for&ble bousing provisions call for, among other thiugs, a requfuement for interest-subsidized loaDs to be extended to low income homebuyers, as well as a variety of lending aaivities &al fall under the "commiunity inv$tmenf heading. The FHLB ol San Francisco (Eleventh Di*ia - Califomia, Arizon4 and Nevada) initialed its Affordable Housing Program in early 1990. In rhe fint 18 montbs of operation, the program provided $8.9 million in subsidies to 1,342 afloidable housing unis. Subsidies ranged from $5,1@ - $18,000 per single-family Eongage, to 51200 - $17500 per multi-family rental over the life of the loan" Thrcugh the Allordable Housing Program, the FHLB provides interest rate subsidies on advances to member banls that engage in lending fo! long-term, low to moderale iacome owner-occupied or affordable rctrta.l housing. Loans tbar qualiS for the program include those used to linauce homeownenhip by low income families, ard loans which finance the purchasq construclion or rehabilitation of rental [6'rcin& of which at leasl 20 perce wiU be occupied by very low income households. In addition io the Affordable Housing Pro$am, the FHLB also impleme s a Community Investmenl Pro$am. Though this prograr! each district bank appoints a community investment oficer and provides'community-oriearcdn mongage loars to membeG at its own cost of funris. I-oars that qualify for the program include those used to finance the purcbase or rehabilitalion ol homes by borrowen earning 115 perc.ent or Iess of the area median income, aud those that finauce commercial or economic development projects that benefrt low and moderate income families. COMPTON EOWING ELEMENT GENERAL PTTIN 64 DECEMBER 3 191 IABLE H.4 HOUSING PROCRAM SI'MMARY T'OUSING PR@RAM GOAL FUII'DINO RESPONSTBTE TIMB FRAME PROORAM OBIECrIVE 'YEAR(, ! rr9 souRcts AG&.TCY TO BE ASSISTED ll} BrcABASNGHOIIIrIIG ODNOXIIUNIIIBS BudScl Eln ol U!dr& b, .!d oI 199L l-B ldon3a8! 2' @!IS&VII\IG & IMPROVING EXXSTII\G ATEORT'AEI-IE HOIISING CDBC: Eqtdty l,@l cnd of 19L 2-B R.a&l HI,,ID oi@3 R.hrun&rb! tlhablXrathd o, 1@ 2{ Cod! oogoiaS Budgcl 2-D lldShlort!.d @BG COMPTON EOIISNG EIEMENT GENERAL PI,AN 65 DECEMBER 3, 1991 a o a E i EHE [ffi,. f @o! oo5d;g oEO # aE6 _t (\ b o q, (t 5 o co o. ! 83 f, o (,,= o tr f m ffiffi o U) oo ; o !, € IM8g o o !, o2 3 o o $a o Qo !, o or J o 6' J-l 'tl o 3 1l I E.d t 0, Io t, * Bx o !) a E :, P 5o TABLE H{ HOUSING PROGRAM SUMMARY (Continued) HOUSING PROGRAM GOAL FUNDING f,ESPOI{SIBLE AIMB FRAME PROGRAM OE'BCITVB 'YEAR(, UNIIS) SOURCB AGENCY AO BE ASSTSIED Ed!$!8 ald at&ddablXty of t!. Ultt! ti.ludtnS @BG, an tlUD oo30in8 1 TdAINIAIN AFFORDAE,B HO{,SING FOR $ACTAL N@B GROUE| By 1991. CDBG 9B S..t!o! 8 lluD-S..tloo 8 Olretag Irousing 3{ Dcrdt, Boius W.d o1192 o$'! zo rs COMPTON ITOUSING EI.EMENT GENERAL PIJ,N DECEMBER 3, 191 TABLE H.4 HOUSING PROGBAM SUMMARY (Continued) HOIJSING PROGRAM GOAL FIJNDING RESPoT$IBLB TTMB FRAMB PROGRAM OBJECITYE 'YEA&(* uNrrs) sot RcB AGBN( TO BB /qSSISTED StB fd B, ad of 199. 'D Holltlg IE Sbrild Ee.!d By l9{. ESdty/Ddn ry rrB. CDBC II. &IIAL TIOUSII{G OPBOTN,NrTY +A Equr Hot!i!8 T{UD.CDBG O!3rd"B B.r.! rdr By 194 Bud8.t 5. PAMOVBG'OVEPNME\IIAL @NIIRAINB tA 7.od1\9 By .od of 192 hdg.l COWTON NOUSING ELEMENT GENER 4L PL/N 67 DECEMBER ], 1991 rt .l:'r ii'r, ',,',.1 ,.,,:..i .,.,.,.,:.. . l-lgl I l9l ll r't'.- '!i 'r - :.; .; ,:, ; ',: .;t .. : ,,I .,' ..... 1,i. a.' :' ll : rrr': . -.:r.. 1 ,1 i, L i\ ., ', :' ,,;, , )_ .. .t : . .':1 .":: .l , ..' ,{ I ,r . l.r. ': ,' ), CMY OF COMPTON GENERAL PLAN CIRCUI"ATION ELEMENT December 3, 1991 TABLE OF CONTENTS S€ctlol Page Intoduction to the Cirq ation Element Purpose of the Circulation Element 7 Related Plans and hograms Cirq{ation Issues Defr cient Roadnay Capacity 4 Discontinuous Grid Network 5 Aging InAasnufiure 6 Transit Use 6 Alameda Coridor 7 Congestiotr Management 7 Pedestrian Movemeut 8 lack of Adequate Off-Street Parking 8 City Acr€ssibility I Circulation Element Goals and Poticies Balance4 Fuactional and EfficieDt Steet System 10 Pubuc Tra$portalion 72 Transportation Demand Management 13 Movcmeut of Goods 74 Pedestrian and Bicycle Traffic 15 Air Traf[c 16 Parking Facilities 76 Ciro:lation Plan Master Plan of Streels and Highwap 18 Roadway Maintenance and Rehabilitation 25 Public Trarsportation 26 Transportation Demand Management 28 Truck Trafic 29 Congestion Maragement 29 Parking Faciliries 37 COMPTON ARC.UIANON EIEMENT AENERAL PI,IN DE&MBER 3, 191 LISI OF FIGURES tr'lgure c-1: Standard Street Cross Sectiors 79 c-2: Master Plan of Streets and Highways 27 c-3: Public Transir Plan c-4: Truck Routes 30 COMPTON ARCL,II.4.NON EIEWNT GENERAL PIAN DECEMBER 3 1991 INTRODUCTION TO TIIE CIRCULA-IION ELEMEITIT Compton's circltation and uansportation systeEs Play imPortatrt roles in shapiiee the overall structure and form of the City. These systems define hui us1 patterns aud determine how goods and people move tbrough anil within Compton most efficiently to serve liose uJes. The capacities ol the various slstems - the roadwayg rail lines, and ahPort - may limit development porential through estabtished service level goals. tand use and ciiculation must be closely tied to ensure lhat &e overall circlrlation system enables people to move in and around the City to locations where they live, work, shop, and spend leisure hours. PIJRPOSE OF TTIE CIRCUI.ATION ELEMENT The Circllation Element identifies and describes the components of the Cit/s circulation system and ou0ines long-term strategies for optimizing the use and function of the systeE" These components include Aeewap and surface streetE railroad lines, tbe Compton Airpor! multi-modal trausit routes like the Alameda Corridor, and pedestrian and bike ways. 116'gh goals and policies statemenB (contained in the semnd part of lhis element) and implementing programs (in the third section), this elemeDt sets forth the Cit/s overall aim to minitni"e traffic congestion and enjoy associated benefra - improved tmffic safety, reduced air pollutant emissions, atrd a better living euvironmeut for Compton residens. As slated in the General Plan Introductio4 State law requires internal consistency and compatibility among &e various General Plan elements. In particular, the Circdation Element must relate closely to the I-and Use and Noise ElemeDts sirce land use policy directly affects the number of people using the circl ation netv/orlq and the traffc levels on various transportation routes inlluence the local noise environment. Also, circulation patems should recognize land use pattem& delivering the most people to the more densely populated employmenl ce ers, and divening higb tralfic volumes around less inteDsely dweloped residential neighborhoods. COMPTON CIRCI]1-AT'ON ELEMENT GENERAL PI/IN DECfinBER 3 19,1 NETAIED PI.ANS AND PROGRAMS Like the freeways which pass through the Ciry, tansportation issues extend far beyond the Compton city limia. Slveral regional agencies are responsible for plenning and implementing taDsponauon and cotrgestion mauagement programs which affcct Comptotr and &e geater Los Angeles area- The City must consider other tralsportalion systcm plrnning efforts as it pursues its own agenda The following paragraphs describe trarsportalion ageDcies ard tleir responsibilities. Southern Calllouria Associstion ol Govemment (SCAG) In ongoing efforls to miligate anticipated lotrg-term traffrc congestion throughout the sh-County SCAG region (I-os Angeles, Orange, Venura, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Inperial Counties), SCAG has prepared a series of regional plans. The 1989 Regional Mobility Plott which is tied closely to SCAG'S Growth Manigemenl Plon ar:d the South Coast Air Quality Management Distrids Ai, Qualit, Mongemen Plan, describes long-term prcgxal]]s to be implemented toward the goal of recapturing and retaining the regional iransponadon mobility levels of 1984. The plan oudines p\oical improveme s and compreheDsive tmlsportatioD rystems mamgement techniques which cities will be expected to implement tbrough their own long-range planning efiorts. I.os Angeles County General Plan The Circulation Element of the Irs Angeles County General Plan contains several policies which affect Compton In particllar, the elemenl's Higbway Plan designatx El Segundo Boulevard, Rosecrans Avenue, Alondra Boulevarq Artesia Boulevar4 Avalon Boulevard, Ceotral Aveuug Wilnington Avenue, Santa Fe Avenug I-ong Beach Boulevard, and Adantic Avenue as Major Higbways (l@foot rigbt-of-way), and 1i]5th SueeL Compton Boulevard, Greenleaf Drive, Walnut Sueel, Alameda Streel, Willowbrook Avenue, Tamarind Avenug Mona Boulevard, Temple Avenue, Bullis Roa4 and Compton Avenue as Secondary Highwap (8O-foot COMPTON CIRCI]L-A7ION EI-EMENT GENERAL PI,'N 2 DECEMBER E I99l right-of- way). Compton Airport is identfied as a traDsportatioE faciuty. I.os Angeles C.ounty Trarsportatton Commlsslon (LA.CTC) The LACTC is the agency responsible lor planning and operating regional transit facilitie,s aDd services in Los Argeles County. In particdar, LACTC ovenees l-os Angeles' Meto-Rail projecl The LACTC also prepares lhe regoliEl Cong%tion Molagerneru Plen (CMP) mandated by Stale law. The CMP identifies the las Angeles County tansportation networl establishes service level slandards for network lravelwalq and identifies strategies to reduce coDgestion- Individual cities within I.os Angeles County are responsfule for implementing thE CMP. Alameda Corrldor Tra[spofiatton Authodty (ACIA) Formed in 1989, the ACTA is a joid powers authority comprised of Compton and the cities of Ias Angeles, Vemon, Huntington Park, South Gate, Lynwood, Carson, and Iang Beach; &e County of Irs Angeles; Caltrans; and the pofis of Long Beach and los Angeles. The ACIA's c.harge is m develop and implement major roadway and railway improvements along the 1&mile Alameda Clridor, connecting the pofl areas to regional rail facilities near downtown Los Angeles. Plans call for the corridor to be completed by 1998. The corridor is disctssed in detail in lhe Circllation Plaa section of lhis elemenl Southern Callfornle Rspld Trmslt Dlsdct The Soulhern Califomia Rapid Transit Distric! or RTD, operates an extensive bus system througbout hs Angeles Coung, with several stops in Compton Since Compton does Dot operate its own municipal bus seffice, RTD routqs provide the primary inlra-city service. Municipal lines from the cities of Gardena and Iong Beactr supplement local RTD routes. In addition, Ihe RTD opelates the light rail lines providing service to downto\xn Irs Angele$ includitrg the Blue Line which passes tbrough ComptoL COMPTON dRCAI.ANON EI.EMENT GENERAL PI.AN 3 DECEMBER 3, 1991 CIRCUT,A'IION ISSUES A comprehensive network of freeways, regional highwayg local roadcrayE passenger and freight rail lines, and public tansit routes serve the tra.osportation needs of Compton aDd surouadiog juristliAions. Completion of the Cs ury Freeway (lnte$late 105) will surouad the City on all four sides wi& freeways. Access to Compton is excellenl Howevel circulation system constraints prEvetrt the City from taking full advantage of the potential benefits available from the four freeways and the arterial roadways. The followiDg para$apbs identi$ circularion issues and opportunities of concern to Comptorl The 'Goals and Policios' section of this clement outlines lhe Cit/s long-term afuE and sfategies for adclrersing these issueE and lhe 'Circulalion Plan' section details prograucs the City will uadertake toward fulfiling its goals. DENCIENT ROADWAY CAPACITT In early 1991, a Cilywide traffic coDditioDs suvey was performed 1o identify deficiencies in the Cifs steet network The survey focused on defining service levels based on existing (1991) traffic volumes and anticipating future problems associated with mntinued development in accordance with General Plan land use policy. The study showed that in gened lhe sfeel network provides adequate service levels, with only the following street segments experiencing uaacceptable operating conditioDs: o Rosecrans Avenue benveen Santa Fe Avenue ard lrng Beach Boulevard; and o WiLdngton Avenue south of the Artesia freeuay (State Route 91). Detailed analpis of major intenections revealed lhat two inlenections could be comidered severely congested during tbe evening rusb hour: Alonclra Boulevard/Central Avenue and Alondra Boulevard/Santa Fe Avenue. COWTON CIRCULANON ELEMENT GENEML PIAN DECEMBER 3 1991 General Plan land use policy will allow Ior additional developmcal within Compton New development will add vehicles to City stleels, The traf6c analysis found that if no improvemeDls are made to the sueet systcm, the following road seaions will have significant rafiic problems over tine: o Roseclans Avenue between Santa Fe Avenue and Ing Beacb Boulevard; o Greenleaf Boulevard bstween Wilnington Avenue ard Santa Fe Avenue; o Central Avenue between Rosecrans Avenue ard Crmpton Boulevard; o Wilmington Boulevard, its enlire length betweeD Compton Boulevard and Vidoria Slreeq and o lrng Beach Boulevard between El Segundo Avenue aad Compton Boulevard. Intersections expected to experience poor operating conditions include Central/Alondr4 Santa Fe/Alondr4 long Beach/Alondra" I-ong Beach/Rosecrars, and Adantic/Roseoaos As major travel routes become coDgesleq traffrc often detours through residential neighborhoods in search of parallel sree$ with excess capacity. Suci lraffic can create haards within the neighborhoods. DISCONTINUOUS GRID NETTORK Crmpton's street netv/ork consisls of a gxid palter!" In its pure form, the classic grid network fuactions e1ficiendy by allowing parallel srreets to absorb excess lrallic from congested roadwap. I! ComptoD, however, the grid paltern is interrupled by phlsical barriels such as Complon Crcek and north-south rail lines. Thus, cross-towtr aud thiough trafrc have limited travel options whenever m"jor east-west streets are crowded. The at-grade rail crosings present particrlar problems because lhe heavy freight traiDs tavel at slow speeds and COMPTON CIRC:T]IANON ELEMENT GENEML PI.4N DECEMBER 3, 19,1 olten contai! 100 or more rail cars. Traffc at rail crssings can be delarred several minules. Crosings of special concern include the Compton, Alondr4 and Grecnleaf inteBections because theso roadways experience heary use throughout the da!. AGING IMRASTRUCTIJRE Throughout the City, road sufaces, curbg and sidewalks show signs of age and wear. High volumes of thmugh traffic - especially truck traIfrc - 6eate cracks, chin\ and potholes whic.h prevenl lral[c from flowing smoothly ald whictr present hazarrls to pedestriars and motor vehides alike. Comprehelsive mainlenance programs could eliminale the taflic safely hazards associated with older infrasauctue. In addition, programs to enhance pedestrian safety (dearly marked crosings, repaired sidewalls, corner ctrb crrls) may encourage pedxtriau activity. TRANSIT USE Compton residents use public traosit a great deal for both intra{ity al1d inter€ity trips. In 1990, initiation of the Blue Line light rail senica betPee! Long Beach and dowtrlow1x Irs Angeleq with 1wo slops in ComptoD, expanded opportunities for taosit use. As regional plan:ring agencies implement prograrDs to reduce regional traflic congestion and air pollutant emissio.s public fansit optioDs ard patronage should conrinue to inoease as loDg as traIlsit. access is ealy and couvenient for City lesidents and employers. Development of the multi-modal cenler at the Blue Line stop will enmurage transi! use, Complon relies upon non-City agencies to provide bus and other trarsit services. These other agencies establish the bus slops, mary of which clDsist only of sigr, poles at nnsighrly or unsafe locatiors. To betler serve Compton residentg the stops should be well-lighted aud safely locateq and Should contain amenities such as benches or even weather shelters. Also, bus stops and routes should serve inner parts of the City, rather than limiting roules to major aderial and heavily traveled secondary roadwa)a. COMPTON aRA]LATION ELEMENT GENERAL PLAN DECEMBER j 1991 AI^AMEDA CORRIDOR . Construclion of the Alameda Corridor will direcdy alIecl surface sfeet and lail trallic throug! Compton" The corridor is planaed as a combination road/rail tavel route bstween &e ports and regional rail facilities near dovntown lrs Angeles, and is intended to coDsolidate rail Eaftic onto a single line aud !o remove ltrrough truck traffic from city surface stleels. Pas:ing tbrough Compton, the coridor presenls regional and sub-regional opporunities to rcduce at-grade rail $osling conllicts, to minimiue &e D$61 sf heavy trucl$, to lessen lrain noise impacts on sensitive land uses, and to improve air quality. Howevet polenlial negative aspects of &e corridor projecl, which projeas over 106 freight trains per day, include localized increases in noise, air pollution, vibratior, and trafic disruption. CONGESIION MANAGEMENT State law requires individual cities in Los Angeles County to implement the C-ongestion Management Plan prepared by the LACTC Specifically, Compton must 1) coDform to lhe established level of sepice staldards; 2) adopt and implement a trip reduction and travel demand ordinance; 3) implement a program to analyze land use decisions on the regional lraDsporlation sFtem; 4) prepare annual deficiency plans for poniors of the CMP systen failing to meet tho established service level sta:rdards; and 5) if desire( adopt i1s own sub. County faffic model. The 1991 l-os Angeles Courty CMP system includes the following roads and freewap tbrough Complon: Alameda Street, I erstate 71Q Sate Route 91, Interstate 110, and InteEtate 105 (upon completiou). All of these travehriays must operate no wolse than Irvel of Seryice E during pea& houn, altbough specific sectioDs with F servicr levels are not required to be improved to [:vel of Service E. COMPTON CIRCUIANON ELEMENT GENEML PIAN 7 DECEMBER 3, 1991 PEDESIRIAN MOVEMENT Compton's wide major arterial stree8 can creale an ur.frientlly pedeltrian enviroumenl, panicularly during moming aud Lvenilg rush boun. The wide sfe8ts can be difficult to ooss. Also, few buflen exisl between qfb-side travel lanes and the sidewalh sewing commercial development along primary favel roules such as Rosecmns Avelue or Iong Beach Boulevard. Regional air qualig and congestion menegement goals encourage increased pedestrian actiYity to reduce short automobile trips (home-school home*hopping), especially during peak travel periods. Pedesrials require convenied, safe sidawdks and road crosilgs if they are to decrease reliance on the car for shorl fiPs. IACK OF ADEQUATE OFT'.STREET PARKING Matry of Compton's residential subdivisious and suip commercial corridon were developed at a lime when many families owned only one - or at the mosl, two - automobiles. Residential streets were built 10 standards which assumed cars would be parked in garages or driveways; thus, road widths needed only to accommodate iwo tavel lanes, plus a litde extra for limited otr-street parking. ln Oe commercial area& parkiag was provided behind buildi4s. Over time, however, tbe number of vehicles per household has hcreased beyond two, and many garages have been coDvcrted to additional bedrooms or storage areas. In several residential neighborboods throughout Compton, the removal of orsite parking spaces has forced parked cars onlo both sides of the street, thereby effecrively eliminaring a travel lane. These conditiors are hazardous both for motorisB and residents, and deate unsighdy neighborhoods. The increase iu cars in commercial areas, and perhaps pauons' desire to park safely while shopping, has also created oD-street parking problems along Compton's major commercial/tbrougb uaflic roadwal,s such as Rosecram Avenue, ComptoD Boulevard, Central Avenue, and Long Beach Boulevard. During rusb hour, cars Parked oD the street COMPTON aRAfiATION ETEMENT GENEfu4L PI.AN DECEMBER 3, 191 and cals atlpmptitrg to enler the taffic llow from cubside disrupt the smooth movement of Eafic Parked can also prevent the use of a curbside lane to increase roadway capacity. CITT ACCESSIBILNT Four freeways and numerous arterial highways readily link Complon to cifies and business centels tbroughout the Ir$ Angeles metropolitan area- Access to Compton is excsUent by road routes and rail, as well as via the Compton Ai{porl Opportunities offered by this centalized urban l,ocation include acc€ss to international port trade, mmerous transit roules to Compton's employment areas and shopping dirricq comr rter rail acces to the dowDtown Los Angeles financial and governmenl centen, convenient favel to tos Argeles Airpon via lhe Century freeway, and freeway and passenger rail service 1o hng Beach's entertaiDEe attactioDs. Busines people and residents alike cau benefit from the City's accessibility. COMFTON ARCAI.ANON EI.EMENT CENERAL PIJIN DECEMBER 3, 1991 CIRCTJI,ATION ELEMENT GOAI.S AND POLICTES Circulation Element goals and policies define the Cit/s vision for a balance4 efficienl cicularion system which inclrporates many modss of travel and which allows for the safe movement of peoplo and goods in and around Compton These goals recognize the consfaiDts posed by the e;i5ring built envirorment but also capitalize upon the opportunities created by established traDsportalio! routes. Tbrough these goal statemenls, the City also leDds its support to regiona[ long-range effons to m,nrge co[gestion and reduce pollutaut emissions within the South Coast Air Basin The following goals and policies are identilied as either shon-term (S), medium range (M), or long-range (L). Shon-rrm covers a live-year period, mediura rauge iucludes a live to lGyear planning perioq and long-range indicates goals to be achieved over a 2Gyear lime Aame, or policies whic.h roprcsent oDgoiDg City poucies and programs. BAI.ANCED, FT'NCIIONAI, AND EFTICIENT STREET SYSIEM Regional circulation planning ageDcies encourage reducod re[anc€ on the private aulomobile as &e pficipal form of ransit in the greater lrs Algeles regioa However, cities throughout &e region - Compton among them - have signilicant investment in local street systems, Automobiles and traDsit vehicles wiU conthue to use the streei network well inrc the 21st cen1ury. In order for stleet traflic to move effrciendy over time, the network musl be well plauneq functional, and properly maintained. In addition 10 congestion relief, a welldesigned system offers other inberenl benefits such as cleaner air, time savingq and reduced motorist anxiety. GOAL 1.0 (L): Provtde a street system that meets clrrent s[d futurs Clty needs 8nd that fBcllltates the safe anal emcletrt moyement of people anil gooils thm[ghout ComptoL COMPTON CIRCI]LATION ELEMENT GENERAL PT-AN 10 DECEMBER 3, 1991 Poltc? 1.1 (L)! Develop the streel q6lem in accordance with the Ciro. ation Eleme Master Plan of Roadways. Polict 12 (S)! Uudenake a compreheDsive study to dctermine which streeB should be established as collector stleets- Poltq 13 (L)r Adhere 1o established development standards and steet cross section slaudards for all roadway improvemenls. Polc? 1l (L): Require developen ro povide full public mad itDprovements, or bond for the requted improvementg at &e time of new projee constuction- Condition the issuance of occupaucy permits on the completion of required improvements. Establish bonding policies which require cash bonds aad allow bonding only for limile( smal-scale improvements. Pollcy 15 (L): Use redevelopment funding sources to provide necessary road improvements within redwelopmenl project areas. Policy 1.6 (S): F,xamine rhe use of assessment districts to retrofit existing neighborhoods with iull public road improvements. Poltcy 1.7 (L): Coordinate ongoing streel s)Etem master plan efforls with the I-os Angeles County Depamrxent oI Pubuc lVorls. Poucy lJ (L): Provide a sueet system that allows for the safe and elficient movemenl of tmffic. Poucy 1.9 (M): Condnue to work with the railroadt the Public Utilities Commission, tos Angeles County Department of Public Worlc, rhe hs Angeles County TraDsportation Commissio4 and other responsible agencies to establish grade separations betweeu major rail routes and Major Highrays. Poltcy 1.10 (L): Minimize clrb cuts Aom new developments otrto Major and Secondary Highwan. Poliry l.U (L): Establish and keep in place a compreheDsive stleet mainlenance and rehabilitation program" hioritize the improvements in City Capital Improvement Plans. COMPTON CIRqJT..ANON EI.EMENT GENEML PIAN 11 DECEMBER 3, 191 Poltcy 1.1i1 (M): Support lhe mnslructioD of the Alameda Corridor as a multi-modal lransit route. Policy 1.13 (S): Prohibit peal hour on-sueet parking along major roadways as a meaos of obtaining increased road capacity. PollrT 1.14 (S): Minimize the impact of Major and street 'spill overn ralfic on residential neighborhoods by iDslauing tlaffic diverten, restriclive chan:relizations, additional signels, and other features which wil dismurage thrcugh tlaffic. Pollcy 1.15 (S)s Consider a program to designate one-way slreets as a method 1o mntrol traflic. PTJBLIC TRANSPORTATION Many Comptor residents rely upon public tansportation as their primary mode of transport to worb school, and shopping. Al&ough the CiE does not maintain its orr,n municipal bus syslem, Compton is well served by regional traosit agencies ard various forms of publc transil The Cit/s interests lie in eDsuring a high level of transit service to meet residents' demands and also reduce congestion, to work toward regional air quality goals, and to atlract non-residents 1o Compton for shopping and business. GOAL 2,0 (L): Pmvide C-ompton reslde s strd buslrcss people wlth conye ent and ylable access to pubuc tratrsportatlon. Po[cy 2.1 (L)r Work with the Southern California Rapid Trarsit Districi to maintain RTD bus routes and regular bus schedules citywide for bolh local and regional trips. PoUc! 22 (S)! Encourage the RTD to esrablish bus spur routes which better serve residential neighborhoods that are removed from major bus lines. Policy 23 (S): Investigate the feasibility of establishing a local bus system. COMPTON CIRCUIATION ET.EMENT GENERAL PIAN 12 DECEMBER 3, 1991 Pollcy 23 (S): Continue 10 expand tbe ComPtoD Traniit CeDter as a mulli-modal transit stop. Polcy 2.4 (M)3 Support &e efforts of the Southem California Rapid Transit District 10 expand light rail sewice along the Blue Linc roule. Policy 2J (L): Continue to cooperate with the cities of Gardena and I,ng Beaci to allow GardeDa Municipal Bus lines and l-ong Beach Transit to servs stops in Compton GOAL 3.0 (L): Encourage hcreased use ol publlc tra[sporiatlon PoIiry 3.1 (s): Work with the RTD to provide sheltereq clearly marked, and safely located bus stops. Poltcy 3, (S)! F.xamine the need to require new large scale commercial industrial, and residential projects to incorporate bus bays, bus shelters, traDsit stops, and other similar leatures hto projoct design Poltcr 3"3 (s): Encourage major employers to keep local transit informalion at plac6 of employmetrL TRANSPORTAIION DEMAND MANAGEMENT Transportation Demand Management, or TDlvI, im,olves us|ng incentives and programs to reduce the number of whicles on roadways, particr:larly dudng peak travel periods. The,4t Qualiry Manigemenr P/an for tbe South Coast Air Basin requires such TDM programs for major employers. The City will support regional goals for congestion relief and cleaner air through lhe following goals and policies. GOAL 4.0 (L)3 Use Tratrsportatlon Demard Msnagement strategles to mftttmlze the n[mber of ayerage dally vehlcle trlps alotrg Clty str€ets. Poucy 4.1 (S): Support the South Coast Air Qualily Management District's TDM program requircments. COMPTON CIRCUIANON EIEMENT GENERAL PI,AN 1i DECE |BER 3, 191 Poltlr 42 (S): Establish programs for City employees which allow telecommuling and flexible work schedules. PoUcy 43 (S): Provide prefersntial pa*ing for City employees who use car pools or otber ride*haring means of getting !o worlq Pollcy 4,4 (S)! Adopt and implement a trip reduction and travel demand ordinance. Poltcy 45 (S): Encourage inajor employers to establish flex-time and alternative work week schedules. Polcy 4,6 (L): Allow fo! integrate4 mixed use developments which locate retail and service com:aercial uses within easy walking distance of the residenlial neigbborhoods they are inlended 10 serve. Pottry 4, (s)! Consider enacting an ordinance which prohibits truck deliveries during peak tralfic periods. Poltr? 4.8 (L): Encourage employers to use ihe local employment base to Iill available positiors. MOVEMENT OF GOODS In ComptoD, rail traffic represe s an integral part of the circulalion system, moving people and goods along -ajs1 .;1 routes. Also, the Alameda Corridor is plar:red as the principal truck route belween the ports of las Angeles and I-ong Beach !o manufacturing and distribution centers near downtovn [rs Angeles. Compton recognizes the regional importance of these routes but also realizes that goods movement should no1 disrupt the quality of life for Compton residenls. GOAL 5.0 (L): Balance lhe use of regtonal frelght muter Eith the treed to pmtect communlty welfare. Poltcy 5.1 (S): Co inue to support conso[dation of freighl rail operations along the Alameda Corridor rail line. COMPTON ARa]IANON ELEMENT GENERAL PI,4N 14 DECEMBER 3, 1991 Poltcy 52 (M): Suppon the use of the Alameda Corridor as a major road freight route, provided ihe interests of C-olrpton are incorporated into planning and development of the corridor- Policy 53 (M): Conlinue aclive panicipatiou in the Alameda Coridor Traasportation Authority. Poltcy 5.4 (L)! Continue to enforce &e ordirance establishing truck routes and limiting tbrcugh truck lralnc to those route& PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCI,E IRATFIC ComptoD's gdd street palterD and heavily used major roadways do loi encourage pedeslrian and bicycle tIaInc However, if safe and convenient roules are provided between residential neighborhoods and nearby commercial or employment areas, these forms of tavel may become more coIIlmon. GOAL 6.0 (L): Encourage blcycle ard pedesdar travel as 8tr dternatlye to motorlzed tralrsportatlotr Policy 6.1 (L)s Provide safe bicycle aDd pedeslrian routes betwec! resideutial neighborhoods and &e schools, local commercial areas, and other uses serving the immediate neighborhood. Polic! 62 (L): Allow for mixed use dwelopmenls wbicl integrate residential and compatible non-residential uses, and ensure such developmen6 iDcorporale featues which faciulate bike use and pedestrian travel. Pollcy 63 (M): hovide bicycle racks aDd storage areas at public buildings, and encourage private developments to do the same. Poliq 6.4 (M): Btablisb landscapbg or similar buffers along major road/commercial corridors to better proled pedestriaDs from vehicle tralflc. COMPTON CIRCLI-ATION EIEMENT GENERAL PIAN 15 DECEMBER 3 191 Pollcy 65 (S): Consider development ol a pedestrian bridge across rail lines to link the civic center with ,Darby shopping ce eni. AIR IRATFIC Developed land surrounding Compton Airpofl limits the airpoflt abiUty to Ph),sically exPand or to generate airsaft activiry beyond 1991 operational levels. Historically, lhe aipon has not created aay significant problems for its neighbors. The City recognizes the benefts the airport provides in lerms of revenues and seryices to local bushess and resident populatioB. GOAL 7.0 (L): Balance the bterrsts atral ne€ds ol pmlrcrdes surmundhg Compton Atrport wtth fhe stport's operstlo[al goals. Poltcy 7.1 (S): Cooperate with $e Ias Angeles County Airport Innd Use Commission in ia preparation of an airpon land use plan for Compton Airporl PARKING FACILMES Adequate oIf-street parking facilities in com:nercial and industrial developments can help traffic rnove smoothly by removing parked vehicles from major favel srays. In residential neighborhoods, adequate olf-streel parking creates safer, be11er looking environmenls for residents. The following goal and supponing policies are designed to allow some on-stree! parking while assudng that adgquate off-slreet parking is available to allow for smooth faffic flow during peak tavel times. GOAL &0 (L): Pmvlde adequate, pmperly deslgned ofr-stree( parldng facllllles for aU types of development Polcy E.l (L)r Require new developmeDt projecls 1o prcvide parking facilities corsistent with zoning mde requirements COMPTON CIRC:UI.ATION ELEMENT GENERAL PI,4N 76 DECEMBER 3 1991 Polcy 82 (L)3 Suppon joint use parking arangemenls where it can be shown &at such arraugements will not create on-stree! parking probleEs. Policy 83 (L)3 Allow businesses to meet zoDiug code parking requirements with off-site parking facilities, provided such facilities are convenient and safe for tbe persoDs using them. Policy E4 (S): Examine ways to provide consolidated parking facilities within the City's busines and employment districls" Po[cy E.5 (s): Examins the feasibiUty of $tablishing overdght parking restriaiors in residential neighborboods as a meam of reducing on-street parking. COMPTON CIRC:TJLANON ELEMENT GENERAL PIAN 77 DECEMBER E D91 CIRCUI,ATION PI,AN The 'CirqJation Issues' disqrssion in this element identilies the long-term transponadon and circulation concems in Compton This seaion describes the programs and strategies &e City wiU pursue to addiess $ess issues and to move towards a balanced transportalion system that meets the futue mobility needs of C.ompton residenls, as well as &e business sectot's demand to move goods most efficiendy and efieclively. MASTER PIAN OF STREETS AND HIGTIWAYS Srreets and highways in Complon are described and dassified accordiag to their prinary function" This hierarchical system of roadways consists of the following four basic classifications: o Major Highway; o Secondary Highway; o Colleclor; and o [rcal Stleet. Figure C-1 illusrales the roadway cross-section standards (geometrics) for these Jive classifications. Roadway functiors and standards may be described as follows. Mqjor Highway A Major Highway is the highest capacity street within the Cit/s street system- Major Highwal,s are designed to carry bigh volumes of traffig primarily for through trips. They sewe as the principal connectos from lower classilicatioa streels !o the freeway system and other regioDal routes. The standard calls for 100 feet of right-of-way and four to six travel lanes within a minimum 8Gfoot wide, cub-!o-o[b paved streel secliorl The right-of-way and paved road width can be increased at and Dear interseclioDs 1o allow for median strips and extra tum lanes. COMPTON CTRC:TJLAUON ELEMENT GENERAL PIJIN 18 DECEWER 3, 191 Major Highway (a) centarllne Secondary Highway 40' 10' Standard Collector 0' Residential Collector Compton Gensral Plan 't2/3/91 (!) tLao. t{Shnay ,ishr€t*ly m.y b€ hE €a3od ro a....nocr!r6 1 odlbr n$dar or oda tlrn !116 !t htors€.dou Figure C - (b) ,I la E€d r6tt! 6tr*n,ra,rnrfflllu. Standard Street Cross Sections 19 Major Highwalr in the Compton planning area include El Segundo Boulevard (west of Satrta Fe Avenue), Rosecra.ns Avenue, Alondm Boulevar4 Arta3ia Boulevard (east of Alameda), Victoria,/Apra Streel Avalon Boulevar( Cenlral Avenue, Wilnin$on Avenue, Santa Fe Avenug long Beach Boulevard, and Adanlic Aveaue. S€condary Htghway Secondary Higirways connect Major Highways to coUector and local steets and are inlended to carry relatively high ffifi6 volumes for both through and local trips. A Secondary Highway consists of 80 feet of right-of-way and four tavel lanes within a 6Gfoo! crrib-tccrub paved section The secondary Highways in Compton are 135th strest, Comptotr Boulevard, Greenleaf Boulerard, Wahut Street, Willowbrook Avenue, Tamarind Avenue, Mona Boulevard, Temple Avenue, Bullis Road, Compton Avetrue, and Artesia Boulevard (west of Alameda). Collectors Two Collector classifications are hcluded wirhin the slreet system - the Standard Colleclor and the Residential Colleaor. Standard Colleclors sewe the Cit/s major industrial and comnercial areas and high density residential developmenls and are designed to carry moderate to relatively high volumes of traffrc to the Secondary and Major Highways, while avoiding lower density residential neighborhoods. The Residential Colleclor accommodates modsrate traffic volumes and is intended to carry residenrial traffic from the neighborhoods 10 schools, parks, and shopping areas. Standard Collecton contain slighdy more right-of-way thaa Residential Collectors, consisii'rg of 40 feet of paving within a 6Gfoot right-of-way width. The Residenlial Collector has a 4Gfoot paved section ald a minimum 54foot right-of-way. CoUedor s[eets will be designated as part of a special study. COMPTON CIRATATION ELEMENT CENERAL PI.4N DECEMBER J 1991 Ircal Streets Ircal Steets are designed to carry low volumes of local (non-rhrough) trallic. Ircals cornect to CoUectors aEd Highways for thrcugh trips. Standards lor Ircal SEeeE are variablq given ihe variety of residential subdivisions whic.h have been developed since Comptoa incorporated as a City. Stualy Str€et Alameda Street i! desigDated as a Sludy Steet sinca slreet width and configuration will be determined as part of the Alameda Corridor design sludy. Crldcal Intemectlons Figure C-2 identilies several inlersections as "critical inteneclions.' These are locations where, over time, right-of- way beyond the standad rights-olway illustraled in Figure C-1 mav be needed to accommodate additional turn lanes. 'volumes Traffic may be more easily managed if a dedicated right-lurn lane, dual left-turu lanes, or otber non-slandard confgurations are provided. Master Plar Figure C-2 prese s the Master Plan of Streets and Highways for Comptor. This plan shows lhe ultimale circulation systen needed to move people and goocls within and tbrough rhe City while maintaining roadway service levels of t-evel of Service D or betler. The qatem incorporates regional inAastucture aad public tansit improvements and plang and accommodates the Cit/s specific trar:sportation needs. Physical road improvemenls will be necessary to achieve rhis s)Blerq including road wideniugs, roadway reconiigurarior, coDstruclion of the Alameda Corridor, and grade separations at raikoad crossings. Road Wleningr: Several Major and Secondary Highways will require widening and restriping to provide coDsistent widtbs and to accommodale future tmflic volunes. In particular, &e following improvements will be made. cowToN CIRCT]TJITION EI.EMENT GENERAL PI,IN D DECEMBER 3, 1991 o C€ ral.Avenue between Rosecaans AvgDue atrd Compton Boulevard will be widened and restriped to provide a six-lane divided highway. o Wilmington Avenue between the Artesia Freeway and Vicloria Street wil be widened and restriped to provide a six-laae divided highvay. o Greenleaf Boulevard between Wilmington Avenue and Santa Fe Avenue will be widened to provide a four-lane divided roadway. o Irng Beacrh Boulevard, from the north City limit to Rosecans Avenue, will be widened and resrriped to provide a six-lane divided roadway. To accomplish steet widenings, lhe City will undertake a comprehensive approach. This requires that the City schedde the improvemenl in a Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) and acqute rigbl-of-way through eminent domain or permanenl on-street parking resfictions. These identified widenings will be performed over the 2}year General Plan planning period (before the year 2010). The City vill monitor roadway volumes over time to determhe the rirning and approach for tbe improvements. Roafuvay Reconfrgrdiot Along many road sections, rightof-way width exis6 consistent with fte Master Plan However, effrcieDt taffic movemeDt is hiudered by urcoDfolled access from feeder slreets and from development frontiug on Highways and Collecton. To allow for better flow, the City may provide raised medians (divided road*ays) along the following street segments: o Witnington Avenue belween Compton Boulevard and tbe Artesia Freeway; o Long Beach Boulevard belween the north City limits and the Artesia Freeway (vinuaUy its entire len$h &rough Compton); and o Rosecra[s Avenue belween Santa Fe Avenue and l-ong Beach Boulevard. COMPTON CTRCT]I-AZION ELEMENT GENERAL PIJIN )a DECEMBER J 191 If studies indicate these improvements can siguifrcandy improve trafic llow, improvements will be completed before the year 2005. lloneda Conidor As described previously ia this element, the Alameda Corridor represents a major improvemenl to the regional transponadoD sy$em (Figuie C-2). The corridor, plamed to coDnect the porls of Los Angeles and Iang Beach to multi-modal goods disrribution facilities near dowtrtown Irs Ansele,s- is described as 'a critical link for lhe movenent of ldt anb international cargo.'l This road and rail fteight route is inlended to rcduce though tuck traffic on parallel streets and fteeways, especially beavily-traveled InteElate 710, and to consolidate freigh! rail traffic to a single corridor, tbus reducing railsurface slreet coDilicls' As a member of the Alameda Corridor Transportation Authority, Compton will parricipate in the selectioa of the corridor design Prinary optioDs include: 1) a four-lane road with parallel, multi-track rail lines; 2) a six-laae, one-way road couplet with at-grade rail tracks betwe€n tbe one-way routes; and 3) the six-lane road couplet separated by a depressed rail way. Grade separations are conlemplated at principal east-west sreels, Compron will encourage grade separations a1 several locatiotrs in the City, as descnted below. Gmde Sepatubns: Construction of new rail and sudace street grade separations involves [emendous costs. However, trafric congestion can be grealy mitigaled by removing hindrance.s to frce east-west traflic flow. Thus, the City sroDgly supPor6 elfons to consolidate freight rail traffic along a single coridor and to provide grade separations in the design of the Alameda Corridor. Priority sueets in Compton for grade separation include Compton Boulevar4 Alondra Boulevar4 aud Greenleaf Boulevard. Compton will work to include these streols in the design of the Alameda Conidor. In the event the Alameda Corridor i3 not bui[ or coDstruction is significantly delayeq ComPton will seek other funding sources atrd establish accelerated time schedules for coDstruction of grade separatiotrs. rProjec Memorandum, 'IheALameda corridor Proje.t ' Alaaeda conidor Tralspofiatiotr Authority. COWTON CIRC:ITANON ELEMENT GENEfu4L PI,4N DECEMBER E ,991 The City wiU co inue construction ellorts 10 complete the Mealy Streel rail line relocalion, which involves completion of lhe Rosecrans Avenue overpass al Alameda Streel and depression of West Alameda Stleet belo\r the relocated Wilmington Branch rail line, among other improvemenls. Trafu Signal Syncfuonizatioa' The City will complete its program 10 computerize trallic siFtls Citys,ide so that tralEc flow can be syncbronized and better managed. Complete synchronizaliou wili be accomplisbed by 1995. ROADVgAY MAINTENANCE AND REIIABILITATION Potholed slreets, crumbling curbq and oacked sidewalls citywide conlribute to traffic safely problems and a general unkempl appearaDce. By implementing stronger roadway rehabittalion and maintenance programs, the City wil achieve two important goals - reducilg mngeslion and enhancing &e visual character of Compto!- Addirional funds lor infrastructure improvements wiU be availabb Aom State gas tax revenues increased via legislation passed in 1990. The Iegislation ties a jurisdiction's eligibility for futrds to that jurisdiction s coEpliatrce wirb adopted Congestion Managemenl Plals. ComptoD will comply with the provisioas o, the Irs Angeles Crunty CMP, as discussed in this element, to ersure the City receives its share of lhe revenues. A C.apital Improvement Plan (CIP) will bo submitted io the LAgfC as required. The City will place priority on rehabiutating residential sireets within target neighborhoods, as disclssed in the Housing Element" toward the end of improving overall neighborhood quality. General Futrd, Commudty Development Block Granl (CDBG), and tax inoement resources will be used for this program. Tax increment and CMP funds will be the primary resources used to finance roadway improvemeDls wirhin the commercial and industrial districs. COMPTON CNCL"TANON EI.EMENT AENERAL PIJIN ?5 DECEMBER E D91 PIJBLIC IRANSPORTATION As growth throughoul Soulhem Califomia adds vehicles to the region's overburdened freeway and anerial highway systemsr people will rely more heavily upon public transportatioD, especially for commute lrips. Compton's ready acc6s to RTD and other bus lines and to the Blue Line passenger rail will continue to offer Compton residents and persons working in the City altemalives to the private aliomobile. Bus Servlce To enmurage use of public transit the City wiU pursue several programs. Foremost, City olfrcials will work with the RTD to monitor bus tansil demands and serice leve\ and to adjust schedules and routes to best serve residents and commute$ into lbe City. Figure C-3 illustrates preferred bus routes. Bus stops will be clearly identilied wi& sigr," and benches or bus shelten. The City will cooperate with the RTD in funding these necesities. In reviewirg uelv developmen! proposall the City wil consider the need for bus turtrouts for projects abutting Major and Secoudary Highways ard Collector streels. If such improvements are necessary, the City will rely largely upon developer firancing of fte improvement& Passenger Rrll To maximize use of passenger rail, Comptotr's multi-modal transit center at the Blue Line station will be expanded to accommodate shuttle bus and vanpool service to and &om major employment ce ers. The center may have dssigtated parking and loading areas for shutlle vehicles. Figure C-3 shows potential destination for shultle services. The City will support RTD's and other bus service providers' use of the tat:sit center by providing adequate park-and-ride lots. The City, together with RTD, iviU monitor uses of the lols and wiU expand lots as necessary to suppon increased COMPTON CIRCVI,ATION ELEMENT GENERAL PIJ'N 26 DECEMBER 3, 1991 E tt ID G. E +o e o ev 5 rr.,..o o6 6EEE a\ECf Tr-l ltl I EtED i, rE l_!_l B lLF 6 8 F€! r a Sanle F6 Ln*"li .ot,al AI; *) \ lll :i -lI l. rr;a8t@n ti lt B'l r{5=ls " Ll -,!* .rl l*"{a "J.= lF' tH Is I llll ' ls 1,, -' fr E iF !s!eb 1) "',i I I le I IE I *.\'*$ t& I ,l I tI "l) NHE g€E(,)oT Eoi 6Eo =EBg !, !, EHE (!ro! 3Ctsil; I +€ E o .rfiJ1 l, f! oa u] TFl c (o c Iallrl lrl g c oI lal !! E t!-l L!_l Eil 6' d- o (t I :q< oo - c m < N { c EI { o €9 :D a o 6 I I m zo flfi3 f ;"o H a it3 OJ 9o o o 9. 6€ m z @ Ef;E o d^ fl C :, r (D @ o T q8 () C tr $EE o m (t z J rm : !, a m otr o 3 E o tr z2 m z 6 ln E a a m o p zI I o{ 5!, j zo transit use. . All lots will incorporate safety features suc.h as adequate lighti.g, visibility, acrrss, and law enforcemed paEols. TRANSPORTATION DEMAND MANAGEMENT Transponation Demand Management (TDM), as desoibed earliet reues upon incentives and regulalory programs to reduce the number of vehicles using the streets and highwa),q paniculady during peak commute hous. The South Coast Air Quality Managemen! District has established rn4ndatory regulaliols @egulation XV) which require rnajor employers, both public and private, to leduce the m:mbsr of trips geDeraled by a business. lle City wil adopt a TDM ordinance by late 1992 to address work siles not covered by Regulation XV. The following trip reduction apprcaches may be included in a TDM progran" Fls-Tbne Flex-time allows employers to slagger emplo),ee work hourq thus reducing peak hour congestion by distributing commuter lraffic over an extended period of time. Flex-time may also involve establishing shorter work weeks with longer than eight-hour vork da)6. Telecornmaing: Telecommuting transports iDformation ra&er than the employee to the work place. This TDM strategy worls well for seryice industry jobs. SCAG has identilied lelecommuting as a key trip reduction slnrle$/ during the decade of the 1990s. Rtle Shaiag: Car pools and vanpools offer employees greater flexibility than public transit for getting to and from work To encourage car poolilg employen can provide preferential parking for car poolen, or offer free ride-share parking wherc employees pay for parking. Use of vanpools can be facililated through a compan/s purchase of commuter vans, which may be leased to panicipating employees. COMPTON dRCUIATION ET.EMENT GENERAL PIJIN 28 DECEMBBR 3 1991 IRUCK TRATFIC Completiou oI the Alameda Corridor is grq€cted to reduce thrcugh truck trafiic on nortb-south steets. However, delivery vehicles and east-wesi, cross toqm 1ruc.k movement will continue. To reduce coDJlicls between lrucls a.nd automobiles, and to prevent truck trallic intrusion into rxidential neigbborhoods, the city wil restrict truck lravel to the routes identilied on Figure C4. The City may also consider adopting an ordinance which limits truc.k deliveries to off-peak travel hourE thereby allowing for easier traffic flov during the noming and evening commute periods. CONGESIION MANAGEMENT As described under 'Circulalion Issues"' State law requires that jurisdictions imflement the regional Congestion Managemenl Plan prepared by a regional lead agency. In Los Angeles County, the LACTC serves as &c lead agency. Notr- compliance with &e CMP will prevent the City from receiving additional gasolbe tax revenues aulhorized uader the law which established the CMP requiremenl A key states/ for plau i"rplementation will involve developing an on-going program for evalualing inlersection servico lwels and improving capacity at problem locations using Trans- portation System Managemsnt (TSM) techniques and ihe TDM prograns desribed previously. TSM $rategies losJs on physical irnprovements 10 the circulation qnten" Trafflc signal synclronizatioq described above, represents one suctr lechnique, Another common approach involves use of "critical' inte$ectiotrs or street sepents. This approactr allows for spot widening at midblock locatiom and intersections !o provide additional through, right-turq and left-turn lanes. The City will require lralfrc sludies and appropriale TSM improvements for all major development projects. Also, TDM plans will be requircd consistent with the provisions established by City ordinance (see Policy 4.4). COMPTON CIRCI]1./!NON EI.EMENT GENERAL PI.AN 29 DECEMBER 3, 1991 PARKING FACILITIES Iang-term implementation of the Ma.ster Plan of Streets and Higbways will require eliminzlion of oD-street parking along some Major and Secondary Higbways (eitber peak hour or permanenl restrictions) to obtaiD required travel lanes. In areas where businesses and residences have inade{uate off- street parkin& olstrest parking restrictions will exacerbate parking problems Thu& all proposals to eliminate o! otherwise regulate on-street parking will include an analysis of demand for olI-street parking aad recommendations for providing needed parking. The Cily will ideftiry sfus for consolidated parking lots or strudures. Policy 85 addreses the need 10 alleviale the overcrowding on resideDtial str€ets created by parked vehicles. An effeclive approach to solving &e overcrowding involves prohAfting on- street parking in residential neighborhoods durirg late night houn (tpicauy 2:00 a-nl to 5:00 or 6:00 a-m-). Residenls who cannot provide adequate off-strect parking in existing garages or carports or on driveways would be required to obtain a special on-street parking permit" By 1993, the City wi[ invesligale the need and the communit/s desire to esta.blish such a progam. If a decision is made to implement rhis program or a similar program, such program will be in place by 1996. Parldry Pmhtbttlon On highways with a roadway widlh of 8}feet or morg restriction of clrb parking during peak-hour periods will be undertaken whenever possible. Eliminalion of curb parking caa change a four-lane highsay into a six-lane highway and lhereby reduce Oe need and €xtend dhe timing of mad wldenings. COMPTON CIRAIITIT|ON EI-EMENT GENERAL PI'4N ocToBER, 1991 31 CTTY OF COMPTON GENERAL PLAN CONSERVATIoN/oPENSPACEAARKSANDRECxIT^r-*IION ELEMENT December 3, 1991 TABLE OF CONTENTS S€ctlon Page Iltoduction to tbc Conserv"ation/Open Space/ Parls and Recreation Elemeut Purpose of tbe Consew'arion/Open Space/Park and Recreation ., Related PlaDs, Prognn& and Other Public Policies 3 Conservarion/Opea Space/Parls and Recreation Corserration hsues Identifr cation 5 Air Quality 5 Water Resources 6 EDerS/ Resouces 8 Park and Open Space 8 Conservation/Open Space/Park and Recreation Goals and Policies 10 r-proved Air Quality 10 Conserr"ation and Protectio!1 of Water Rcsouces 72 C.onservalior of Enerry Resources 12 Adequate and Bala:rced Park System 13 The Corsermtion/Open Space/Parl$ and Recreation Plan 15 Conservalion Considerations 15 Open Space/Parks and Reoeation Corsiderations 77 CO NSERUATIO NI/OPEN SPACE/ COMPTON PARI6 AND RECREANON EI.EMENT GENERAL PI.AN DECEMBER 3, 191 LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table OS1 Air Pollution Efrects 7 Table OS.2 Public Parls and Playgrounds in Compton 79 LIST OF FIGI,]RES ngure Pagp Figue O$1 Consewation/Open Space/Parls and Recreation Plan 20 Figure OS-2 Park Slandards 27 CONSERUATION,/OPEN SPACE/ COMPTON PARI$ AND RECREATION EIE,MENT GENERAL PLAN DECEMBER A 191 INTRODUCIION TO TIIE CoNSERVATION/oPENSPACE/PARKSANDRECxITa-*IION ELEMENT Catifomia ptanniag law requires that every geueral plan iuclude a conservation element (Government Code Section 653t2(d)) and au open E ace elemenl (Section 65302(e)). The corservation elemenl serves to pioted and maintain California's natural resources and to prevent &eir wasteii use and deslructioD. The open space element must ide iry goal& policies, and specifrc measues for managing the communit/s open qpace and recreational areas. California law also permits the adoption of optional elemenls (Government Code Seaion 65303). Compton has chosen 1o add a Parks and Recreation Elemetrt to the General Plan in order to emphasize the importance of parls a:rd recreation to conservation and open space issues in an urbanized environmenl. The City of Compton Comerv"ariodOpen Space/Parls and Recreation Element incolporates in one document tho required components of both the corsenation and open space elements and the optional component of a parls and recreation elemenl In an urban environment such as Complon, natural and recreational resourcrs are usually closely linled bocause &e most visible concentralions of these resources are located in public parh. The issues analyzed in this element include ah qualig, groundwater, energr conservatiog open space, parks, and reoeatior Flood control, which is related to both cooservation aud public safety, is discussed in the Public Safety Elemenl Urban design issues related to citywide landscaping and private open space are included primarily in the I-and Use Element. As required by state laq all the General Platr elements comprise an inGgrated and internally consistent se! of goals and policies. Thereforg mary issues are intereLaled a.ud disc'ussed or referenced in various General Plan elements. The City of Compton Gemal Pl^n Annarded BiblkSaaplV and fechnicql Apptdit (AB'[A) describes existi'\g conditions tha! may change in the fu1ure. ID fact, the element discusses some ongobg and potential recre- alional i'nprovements in the City to help define Conservation/Open Space/ CoNSERUAflON/OPEN SPACE/ COMPTON P/4RIS AND RECREATION ELEMENT GENERAL P1.4.N DECEMBER A 19,1 Parls and Recreation goa.ls and policies. Periodic updating of rhe ABTA can remrd new improvements as they are completed in responss to the ele- ment's goals aad policies wilhout re{uiring alterations to the element itself. If new Conservation/Open Space/Parks aad Reoeation goals or policies are rcquire( the element is formatted to allow for easy updatin& PURPOSE OF TIIE CONSERVATION/OPEN SPA(E/PARXS ANI' RECREATION ELEMENT In additioa rc this Introduction, the Corsenration/Open Space/Parks and Recreation Element includes tbree sections: 1) Issues Identfication; 2) Conserrration/Open Space/Parla and Recreation Goals and Policies; and 3) the Corserwation/ Open Space/Park and Reoeation Plan The Issues Identifcation Section presents &e issues whic.h affsct the City and wil be addressed by the goals and policies. The goals and policies address those issues relevant to Compton: air quality, waler resources, enerry conserwalion, open space, parks, and recreation The Plan direcls the City to @lserve and protect natural resources and energy. The Plan also guides the preservation, improvement, maiDlenancs, and crealion of open space and reoeational areas in the City, As a means of guiding lhe conservation of nalural resources a.nd the fieation and mainl.enance ol open space in Compton, the Cily intends to implement the goals and policies contained in this Conservation/Open Space/Park and Recreation Ele- menl" The objeaives listed below provide the foundation for the element's goals and policies: o Implemen! the Consewation/Open Space/Parks and Rec- reation goals and policies consistenl wilh the other General Plan Elemen6 and the Irnd Use Policy Map. o Improve regional and local air qualily by implementing transportalion programs and sfategies identilied in the Circllation Element o Colserye and protect goundwaer aDd imported water reltources- co NSERUATTO N/OPEN SPACE/ COWTON PARI(S AND RECREATION ELWENT GENERAL PI.AN DECEMBER 3 1991 Conserve enerry resources Lhrough tbe use of available techlology and consewalion practices. EDhance CoEptotr's environmental quality tbrough the preservatio4 improvemenl" maintenance, and creation of oPen space areas. Create new open space through desiga guidelines requiring private and common usable open space in new multi-family developmeal RELATED PIANS, PROGRAMS, AND OTIIER PUBLIC POLICIES There are sweral existiug plans and progrars which apply directly to the goals and policies of the Corserrration/Open Space/Parls and Recreation Elemenl These plans and prograns were enacted through federal, stale, and local legis- lation and are adninistered by agencies or special districts authorized to enforce applicable laws. The followiag plars and programs are directly related to lbe Conservation/Open Space/Parls and Recreation Element: Callfornla Envlmnmentrl Qusltty Act (CEQA) Lsy 8trd culdelner CEQA was adopled by the Slate legislature in relpoDse to a public mandale calling for a thorough envionmental analysis ol those pojects that migbt adversely affect the envimnmenl The provisions of the law, review procedureg aod analysis of effects are described in lhe CEQA [aw and Guideline,* hoposed projecr zubjecl to CEQA must bE evaluated for their potential elfects on air quality, groundwatl water use, plant and animal lifq enerry mnsumption, and recreation Other areas of environmenlal concgrn utrder CEQA such as rraffic and circulalior, are closely linled with co$ervatiou issues (e.g., air quality) Goals and policies in this ElemeDt will be applied on a irioject-by-projea basil in accordance wilh CEQA" coNsERuAn o N/oPEN SPACE/ COMPTON PARI A regional plan that applies to coDsewatioD in Compton is ihe Soulh C.oast Air Basia At Suqlity Monagenenr PrDt (AQMP), which was adopted on August 15, 1989 and updated in 1991 by thc California Air Resources Board (CARB). Regionally, the AQMP is administered by the Southern California Association of GovemmeD6 (SCAG) and the South Coast Air Quality Management Dislrict (SCAQMD). This plan includes several specfic measures regarding trip reduction and traffrc flow improvemenb to meet its goals of reducing vehicle-relaled emissiors and improving regional air quality. Crunty of Ijs Angeles Psrks Master PIan The Ios Angeles County General Plan contairs a county parls component whicb describes countywide parks and tails systems. Three Couniy parks exist within the Planning Arca Additionally, the Master Plan shows &e Wi[owbrook Starc Recreation Area aud [.os Angeles River as open space. The Newport/Inglewood Alquist-Priolo Zone is identified as a Special Management Area- The Count/s Bike Trails Plan also identifres routes willin fte plaDniDg area- The trails include two off-road taib along lls Angeles River and the Southern C-alifomia Edison right-of-way, and two oD-road 6ails along Alameda Street and Cenlral Avenue. Clty of Compton Irtral Use Element The Open Space land use desiguation includes all the public parh in Comptoq including their strucrures and facilities. The Public/Quasi-Publiq category comprises all the Cit/s public scbools, including their playground areas. The Public/ QuasiPubliq designation also contains all federal, statq aad local govemment propenies itr the City. The Corservatiod Open Space/Parks and Recrealion Element encourages use of portions of the easement for public open space. coNsERuAnoN/oPEN SPACE/ COMPTON PARI Compton is an urban enviroDment that is almost completely built out. Existing and potential natural resources and open space are limited- Maly of the conservation concems relevant in less developed cities are not applicable to Complon The City does Do1 contain any forestE bodies of water, or agriclltural land, nor is it home to substa ial plaDt or wildlife habilaa. Urbanization and conslructiou have over time repLaced and distubed soils. Mineral deposits are limited to clay deposits used for bric.ks. Therefore, mrservalion issues are reslricted primadly to air quality, water resourceE and enerry conserration Open space issues focts on improving and maintaining what is already presenl The pub[c parlc in Compton arc heavily used, Opportunities for providing new public open space are limilcd but might be realized as properties - iucluding school sites, vaca.nt lots, and raikoad rights-of-way - are redeveloped. Also, as desoibed in &e Urban Design Elenenl, desigp guidelines requiring private and common usable open sp:rcr in nulti-family courtyards and complexes can lessen ihe burden on the Cit/s public parls. Private open spac€, however, cannot completely substitule for the qrnrnu- nal amenities of City and neighborhood parls. This section defines the isues facing the Cily of Compton relative to conservatiog open space, parls and recreation As an urban envirormen! C-ompton's resourc€s arc limited and must s€rve an ever-increarilg popula- lion These issues set lhe basis lor the Cit/s goals a.nd poUcies. AJR QUALITT Air pollution is one of Southem Califomia's most visible and pressiag problems Federal ard state slandarcls are regularly exceedeq especially for ozoue and nitrogen dioxide conc€ntralion& While Compton is not solely respoDsfule for lhis problem, il experieuces the effects just as muctr as the whole regior" coNsERuAaoN/oPEN SPACE/ COMPTON PARKS AND RECREATION ELEMENT GENERAL PIAN DECEMBER 3, 1991 The potential for high air mntaminant values within ihe Grealer Irs Angeles area varies seasonally for many pollut- a s. Dudng late spdng, summer, and eady fa[ the light winds, low mixing heigbts, and bri[iant sushine combine to produce conditions favorable for the maximum production of oxidantE mainly ozone. During summer, when fairly deep marine layes are found throughout the bfin, sulfate conc€n- lrations achieve yearly peak mncentratioD& During winter mornings, highgl cold-weather emission faciors and calm winds tend to result in higher concentrations of carbon mon- oxide- The primary contaminants fhat contribute to local air pollu- tion include carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), sultur dioxide (SO2), photochemical oxidants (Ox), particu- Ia1es, and reactive organic gases. Each contaminant is defined in lerms of components, sources, and advene elfects in Table o$1. The e ire South Coast Air Basin has repealedly failed to meet State and Federal air quality standarcls and is considered a "non-allaiEment' area- A no!-atlaimen! area is coDsidered any area that exceeds aational ambienl air qualiE staadards for those pollulanls for which nalional standards have beel1 sel Historic data show ihat air quality in Compton is c.hroni- cally bad. However, tbe past two decades have shocn slow but steady improvemenl WAf,ER RESOURCES As the drcught of the late 1980s and early 199ft has shora:, water is a very limited resource in Southem Calitomia" Compton pumps 50 percent of its water requirements from deep wells. The balance of the water demands are purchased from the Meropolitan Water District of Soulhem Califomia at a signifi.can! cosl. Conservalion is essential for the stability of water availability in the City of C-ompton coNsERuAnoN/oPEN SPACE/ COMPTON PARI POU,IITANT TYPE DESCRIPTION EFTBCIS sotlRcEs colorlcs, !d6l€!., ton 8r, Pr.r., rhro!8h tun9, tnlo btood. Mdod& (co) plodil.ld !y t!.DEpLa! .oo- d..ra- D.pntrc. !.odd!,. d.$. burd@ of @tbooeiohh8 oforBlo. Noa h.*a ro hav. .itv!n. tfl.dr d vBaldoo, $iufty or E tnhl obi.r,. T\ro t p.r, NLlc Ud. (NOl Ilrildtig to !,!. &d Gdralory lrotd r,€lr.L, prtE !y !o!e arn }{xrogcn Dhdd! (Noz). ila(l Coloa arfrdpt.t. r.d- Ol!.i ro.$.a pctolclin !.ltn- (Not) NO b a cdorLls, odorba ta tn8 o,Pcrad6r, t"'r!!r's'r .ouc- foind sn !r @budor t &., !r, rilt , tdlEadn lrt a& pla.. !!d!r blr! prclnlr! a!d/ or L6F,3$I! NO2 forE by .oohrnloo of NO add ortS@ Paddf€d, h [email protected] Col6L.a !ung.o! 9., [email protected] tr.IrL. up!.r $lplEtory tra.q Fr.l codblrlo Flady ele (so,) b, coatudoo of aluur-.odd!- biudou. lo lung d.!o.. Go ottn @oiB .el dalrd yt!6, tt !lal/!l ofpla!&, d.- ,olfrr t! (^,!ty i!r.a and d.rrl litucde to EarbL, loo aad !..1 Uen! rtollta$, r!" Co!d!. pltii3rllt of caDa.. tuao! .{I.dr !I3 &&agr ro !dna6 \,ru.I.! rorj6 Dol(' of crla&d h ahosphcrc, noi tBclrltoo 6d .t'.{'tn8 of E- crddod o[ ..rd6n d dub8.o .ottt.d d!!dly, durtn8 pnolo !!a&d i$bc!. tilSh cm.cdt!!- od Ea.d!,c t d.o.ntooa tr .h c!.!!kal !d!.... ozom b a 6onr can diEclly af..1 lunla !!!tdt cdorblr bd. g!. Mrd! llp d fin l:r.&ndd loldt llly lrltll! c$, and ftAit?ll,!, Drlr ard n E -producrry hd!r. or !,qd& d.t ar !oot, dua, tft.r Abrolb a&rbtl r.dE- trhl ,!d ArLdllid opcl!$oia a.r@la tuln r, and atdt bg ol!ou!! ol lobr .ocrs| r.a- .6drocdo4.!!!b!dod !dod. crhS&. Bn!- P..&.., tEc !.l, tn loa[i8 'l'tu, eo- ard [aX, r,ldbfllty. C! d&!- rpblrb pi..eci.d.al Narudl ,.ilvLLr e.n !r'.ado6r. l,tad - ta&.d dld allt @ llrdt r!.lt da ti. @!y.rdtoltrd, l'{ol &!dr8 to (a6. advlrrc Mdd vllrcla Eaj6 eunq coiddl!3 of l)'d!o8.r 0!d .ltcar h h! aB Mly datlagc O&.( rou!..c !.iol.@ r.6n- OrB8lb catloa toEd 6f.daXy ln fo6dl to8. FtroLllll dntcd!3 cfcta. f!!L &E! tlgHy phot6tFr- d.da and cva!o!!!6 of6(trd! Sourcc Sodt C{6!, Ah Qra!9 M!!a8cn d Dlturci, 'Ah qdty Hs!d}oo& to PrcFrrrS Eit iolr.lrrt InF.r Rrlottr,' Rlre.d AFdl 1987 ooNSERVAuON/OPEN SPACE/ COMPTON PARKS AND RECREANON EI^EMENT GENEML PIAN 7 DECEMBER 3, 1991 ENERGY RESOURCES Conventional enerry sourceg especially fossil fue\ are limit- ed. They also must be shared by very large geographic popu- lations and can also be sources of air pollution Conssrvalior of these resources ard development of altertrative enerBr fonrs are importaut to the court/s future and to the quality of the environmeDl PARKS AND OPEN SPACE As with many Southem Califomia cities, Comptont growth surpaesed its abilily 10 provide adequate park spa@. This problem is aggravated by &e lack ol available land for parls and a continuing population inoease aad intensfication" Based upon National Recreation and Parls Association (NRPA) standads, Complon has a shortfall of approximately 330 acres of public open space. The NRPA standard for local parkland is 625 acres per thousand population" Comptotr's 1990 population was 90,454, but only 235 acres of local park- Iand (this includes Couty parks aod Willowbrook State Rec- reation Area) exisled in the planning area- The NRPA is quick to point out &at adopted standards must reflect local conditions. Los Angeles County provides substantial recreational resources which are not available in other parts of the country. [rs Angeles County contains 9@700 acres of exist- ing open space. Included in this acreage are the Angeles National Forest, most of Santa C.atalina Island, and some of the counlr/s most popular beaches. All of these rcsources are wilhin 15 minutes 1o ons and one-half hour ravelling time. The clossst resources are the beaches in Iang Beac! and Redondo Beach- While regional resources are beneficial, local park space is still very important With litde available laud, new methods of approaching this problem of insufficient open spa@ are necessary. Therefore, the desigu, maintenance, facilifies and CONSERVANON/OPEN SPACE/ COMPTON PA.R,I coNsERvAnoN/oPEN SPACE/ COMPTON PARI Crmpton is an urban environment that is almost completely built oul" Conserr.ation issues are restricled primalily to air quality, water resouceE a:rd energy corservalion Open space, parks and recroation concerns focr:s on improving and maintaining existing parks aad facilities while recogaizing &e potential for trew open spaces. Tbe goals and policies discr:ssed below address existi'rg and potential conseryation/open space/park aud recreation issues in Compton The foUowing goals and policies are identified as either shon-term (S), medium-range (M), or long-range (L). Shon-term coven a five-year period, medium-range includes a ive to lGyear plaming perio( and long-m.nge indicates goals to be achieved over a 2Gyear time frang or policies which represent ongoing City policies and programs. IMPROVED AIR QUALITT Ail pollution is a major regional problem in Southem Califor- nia. Regional eIIorls to contol air pollutio4 suc.h as those under the jurisdiction of the SCAQMD and SCAG will be supponed by the City oI Compton Through effective land use and transponation planning air pollution cal be reduced AIso, the City wil reduce vehicular favel and emissiors (the primary source of air pollution) by encouraging alternative modes of circrlation, such as walking, bicycling; aud public traDsil For example, bike paths might result from the reuse of portions of abandoned railroad righb-of-way or &e las Aqeles Depanment of Water and Power easemenl The goals and policies ol the [::rd Use aad Circr:lation Elementq in coordination with those listed below, will reduce air pollu- tion- CONSERUANON,/OPEN SPACE,/ COMPTON PARKS AND RECREATION EI.EMENT GENEML PI,IN 10 DECEMBER 3 1991 c'oAL lO(L)r Reiluce alr pollutlon thmugh lanil use' tmrs- portatlon, alil energr use prennln& Po[cy Ll(S): Endone regional and local air quality and lransportation rnrrirgemenl plans in order to reduce air pollu- tion emissiors and vehicular trips. PoUr, lr(M)s Ircate multi-family development close to com- mercial areas 10 encourage pedestrian nther than vehiqrlar travsl. Poltcy 13(L)3 Develop a balance of lald uses within &e City to promote a reduction of distance between residence and workplace. Pollcy 1.4(S): Encourage neighborhood parks close to coacen- tratioDs of resideDts to encourage pedestrian tavel to public recreation facilities. Poltcy l.S(M): Provide commercial areas that are conducive 10 pedestrian and bicycle circulatior" Poucy 1.6(M)! Encourage bike paths and lanes !o reduce vehicllar travel and air pollution- On-sreet bike lanes are encouraged in accordauce with nationzl standarrls and uniform praclices. Cooperate and coordinate such efforts with the property owreni and responsible jurisdiaiors. Poltcy 1.7(M): Bncourage the use and improvement of exist- ing, ad &e developm.ent oI new, shutde and Eansit systeDs to reduce vehicular trips and air pollution- Poltcy 1.8(5)3 Encourage &e use of energy corservalion devices in projecr desig! and construction 10 increase energr elficiency and decrease polludon emissjons from off-site elecfrical power plants and on-sile natuial gas use. CoNSERUATON/OPEN SPACE/ COMPTON PARKS AND RECREANON EI.EMENT GENERAL PfuIN 17 DECEWER 3, 191 CONSERVATION AND PROIECTION OF WAIER BESOURCES Compton is an urbanized commurxity with liltle land available for new developmenl Futue development opponunitie,s in the City will be primarily reliated lo commercial and industrial redevelopment and the recrdiry of existing residential uses to higher densities in identified areas where substantial ctranges have already taken place. Ircal water sources supply 50 percenl of the Cit/s wateq water is also purchased from the Meiropolitar Water District (MWD). New development must. not deplete the suppues nor endanger &e quality of Comptotr's waler. GOAL 2,0(L): C.onserve anil pmtect grou[alwater a l lm- ported wster msources. Potcr 2.1(L): Protect Foundwater resouces Aom deplelion and contamination Pollc? 2r(IvI): Consene imponed water by providiug water conservation tecbniques aBd by using reclaimed waler, water-conserving appliances, and drought-resistant landscaping when feasible. CONSERVATION OF ENERGY RESOURCFJ As with many communiries in Southern Californi4 Compton is facing increased enelgy impacts, both economically and envi- ronrnentally. New development in the City wi[ consume electricity and natural gas. The City will consider require- ments 1o include solar enerry syslems in new developmen8. Developmeut staldards regarding building desig! aad sitiDg can also provide for efficient use ol the sur. GOAL 3.0(S): Comerve energr rcsources thmugh the use of avallable &chnologr and conservatlon practlces. Po[cy 3.1(S): Encourage innovative site planning and build- ing designs which minimize energr mnsumption by taking CoNSERVAnON./OPEN SPACE / COWTON PARKS AND RECREANON EIEMENT GENER!4L PTAN DECEMBER 3, 1991 adva age of su{shade paltems, prevailing winds, lanclscap in& aDd building materials. Poucy 32(S): Maintain local legislatiou to establisll update, aDd implemert eners/ performance building code require- ments in accordancr witb Slate Tide Z enerry regulatiors ADEQUATE AND BAI.ANCED PARK SYSTEM Compton is a densely developed urban environment with no sizable undeveloped lands. The public parls are heavily use{ yet the City does no1 have the space or the funds available to oeate new, large public parks. The Cit/s multi-family neigh- borhoods exhibit the most critical need for open space. Altbough new full-scale park are not anticipated, tbe poten- tial exists for new pocket park or small playgrouads on m- canl lots, corneE of school sites, and in redevelopment areas where older buildings are removed. Considering both existing and potential cotrditioDs, the most vital opeu spacr concenxr in Compton focrs on tbe design, maintenance, and aclivities of its public parla. With a iimited total of approximalely 103 ares of public park (as of 1991), rccreational space and laciliries must be designed eficiently, continually mailtained in good workiag order, and provide activities for all segments of fte populatioD" GOAL 4.0(L): Develop anil maintaln a bala$eal system of open spscg publlc parks, and recreatlonal facllifle& Poury 4.1(L): Provide aaive and passive park and recreation- al facilities, based on the distribution of popularion within rhe Cig, to serve the treeds o, residents of all ages, econonic levels, and ph1'sical conditions. PoUcy 42(5)3 Updare the CiYs Quimby Oldinance, and in- crease the required dedication or in-lieu fee !o 3.0 aoes per thousand persons. Poltq 43(LXM): Upgrade existing park facilities to improve park use and appearance. CONSERUATION/OPEN SPACE/ COMPTON PARI Po[cy 45(M): Pursue opportudties for the crealion of addi- o tional open space and parkland whenever available. Poltcy 4.6(5): Actively pursue all amilable sources of frm:rc- ing for parkland acquisition and mainlenanca. Poucy 4.7(s): Encourage the development of comnon and privale open space and reoeational facilities within multi-family developmen8 1o hcrease recreational opportuni- ties. Po[c? 4.8(5)3 Develop and maintain a public parkland master plan which idellifies Cily open space and recreational need& Poucy 4J(S): Increase access 10 all City open spacs and recreational areas, includiag for the disabled and those who depend on public transir Poltcy 4.10(s)s Coordinate local open qpace developme wilh o regional open space opportunities to satis$ a wide rauge of recreational demands. Poucy 4.U(M): Conlinue 1o locate new poUce statioDs on the periphery of public parks, and inoease police patrols of other parts. CONSERUANON,/OPEN SPACE/ COMPTON P,4RKS AND RECREANON EI.EMENT GENERAL PI-AN 74 DECEMBER 3, 1991 THE CONSERVATION/OPEN SPACE/ PARKS AND RECREATION PI,AN The ConservatiodOpen Space/Parls and Recreation Plan sets for& policy directior to implement the goals and policie,s ir lhe elemenl Figue OS.1 presents those areas identified as existing and potential future resources in Compton's Dalural and open space recreation environments. CONSERVATION CONSIDERATIONS Conservation of air, waler, and enerry resouces is important at all levels (e.g., individual, cityridq regionrl) b€car$o the,se resources are shared by aI, aol jusl the residents of C-ompton The preservation and protection activilies of individual locali- ties and jurisdicrions can combine 10 benefit an entire region Regional plans and policies offer realistic means for achieving far-reaching conservalion goals. Compton should continue to cloperate with state and regional agencies in efforts to im- prove the enviromrent and to prolong &e life of vital, nonre- newable resources. Air Qualty The SCAQMD contiuues to design and implemenl pla.os and programs for improving air quality. Several strategies rely on technotogically advanced methods atrd instruments to reduce poin! source emissions. In order to utilize advanced technolc. ry and comply with sficler emissions regulations, mauy indus- lries will need to install new pollulion mntrol devices. Other industries will be encouraged to use cleaner buming fueli such as natural gas and methaaol. Though zoning regulalioDs and development standardg Compton can help eDsure thal industries comply with SCAQMD regulations. Motor vehicles account for the highest pmportion ol emissiors throughout the South Coast Air Basin" A reduction in total coNsERuArIoN/oPEN SPACE/ COMPTON PARIC AND RECREANON EI.EAIENT CENER.AL PI./N DECEMBER 3, 1991 vehicle mile.s traveled will beneit local and regional air quali- ty. Regional air qual.ity plaDs, sucb as the AQMP adopted in 1989 and updated in 1991, recommend several means for eliminating some vehicle trips. Some of these measures hclude public ta$portation (including Metro Rail), transpor- lalion msnrgement systems, staggered work hou6 for largg employen, and elncient sensible land use planning. Ia De- cember 1987, SCAQMD adopted Regulation XV which re- quires trip reduction and rideshadng programs for all em- ployen who employ 100 or more persons. SCAQMD is desiming programs that will strengthen sven more the mandate of Regulation XV and signficanrly reduce the number of commuting vehicles in tho region Goals and policias in the Cornpton Conservation/Open Space/Parls and Recreation, r rnd Use, and Circtlation Ele- ments are intnded to ensule the City's cooperation and compliance wi& air quality plans and programs. Water Resources Even without a water shortage emergency, water clDseNation should be a continual efforl Water purveyors recommend the use of drought-resistant landscaping and water-saving irriga- tion, and the City encourages water colsenation measuiss for new mDstruction Suggesled measues includq among othen, low-flow sbower heads and toilels, flow rcstdclorq and drip irrigation The City will mntinue 1o implement local prG grams consiste . wi& regioDal water corservation programs, including requirements for low-flow plumbing fixtures and droughl-resislart landscaping. As for groundwater quality conuol Compton q,iU contim:e to worl along with other water purveyors and other resporsible agencieg to ensure a clean, safe supply of water to all resi- dents. CoNSERUATION/OPEN SPA@/ COMPTON PARIC AND RECREANON ELEMENT GENEML PI,/IN 76 DECEMBER J 1991 Energr Cotrserfatlol Enerry sources (electricity and mlural gas) are provided by regional supplien (Southern California Edison and Southern California Gas). E OPEN SPACE/PARKS AND RE(NEATION CONSIDERATIONS Tbe public park and recreational facilities in Compton are vital to the communi8 especially since the City has no vast open lpace areas, and mucb of the higb-dersity resideatial development does not provide adequate play areas. The objectives, goals, and policies in the Coaserv"ation/Opea Space/Parks and Recreation Element recognize the impor- tance of maintaining ald upgrading exisiing faciUties, as weU as continually irestigating new open space posibilities. Park Functlons The various funaions o! parks arc largely determined by physical faaors such as acreage, lacililieg and location However, tbe marurer in which residents use a parl regardless of its physical descriplion, will help define that park for the commuaity. For example, is &e park usually used by familier for picnics? Is it used primarily by teenagen after school. or by workers on their lunch break? Over timq park establish these patterDs of activity that are not necessarily direcfly related to Oeir physical cbaractedslics. It is equaUy important to cotrsider tbe bumao factors itr both desoibing a parlls fuactions and analyzing the need for improvemen8. CO I\SERVATI O N/OPEN S?A@,/ coM?roN PARI The lack of adequate public park space near multi-family neighborhoorls has resulted in the City encouraging the devel- opmenl of mmmon and pri te open space aad reoeational facilities within multi-family developments. Common open spaca could include gardels, coutyards, patios, open land- scaped areaq and playglounds. Private opetr space could be comprised of individual gardeDs, clutyard& teiraces, or roof decks. Parklaral Acqllsltlon The Quimby Aa (Government Code Section 66477) states that a city may require the dedication of land or impose fees for the purpose of acquirilg new neighborhood and communi- ty parklaud as a condition of approval for a tentative map or parcel map. Although tbe porential for uew parkland is Iimited in CoEptoD, the Quimby Act is one viable method for creating new recreational opponunities. The Cit/s currenl 'QuiEby' ordinance needs to be revised to require a commitment of dedications or fees within the time- frame currently required by law. The ordinance also requires very low dedicatiors. The amount of land required for dedi- cation shall be inqeased to 3.0 acles per thousand population" AIso, credit for open spaces designed into development pro- jects wil be more specifically set fonh. Another area wbere tbe City wiI take a more aggressive role is opening up school facilties for non-school-hour recreation" The City contains many large school sites which could signif- candy-algment recreation resources. The City will work-fo establish agreemenb with the Compton Unifi;d School Dis- uict to increase availability of these facilities Finally, many Compton parks experience lack of use becalse oJ perceived safety problems. The placrment of police sta- tions within some public park has resulted in increased use of lhose parks. The coutinuation sf rhir practice by &e Police Department and increased patrols of other parki should rncrease geDeral park usage. coNsERuAnoN/oPEN SPACE/ COMPTON PARKS AND RECREATION EIEMENT GENERAL PI-/IN 18 DECEMBER 3, 1991 Table OS-2.describes public parlis and playgrounds in Compton Figue O$1 identfies thsse areai on a map keyed to the iable. The maintenarcs 6d irnprovement ol these open space resources and the crealion of new or expanded rocreation opportunities are the fo€.us of the City of Complon Open Space and Consenation Elemeni" An illustration of park standards is presented ss Figue O$.e AABLB O$2 PUBLIC PARXII AND PIAYGROI'NDS IN COMPI{)N MMB ISCATION ACREAGB @t Pdtc \46 Z X.[y Prtt 2319 E€n Andixlu S! 15@ E R@!, At!. 6.0 3.0 L8 6. Hrni. o. sbdc (E S.8!ado) Patr lm W. E Scgllndo Bl/d- 3J 7. Rardoad Str.! l,k,B @!d z5 & Souh Patl Ch.&r ald Cddrdl S!lt.r! 4a AloadE Bl^L .!d C.ltnl Av!. 4J 10. Oa!.. AreE lky8round la12 N. Sada Fc Av!!!l. L1 2516 W. Aloldta Bl^L J.0 12, C@!ro! Br 3 Oor Cola 6{a E. c@pr@ BlviL t4, 11 Waltlr & Tu.t r Patl 43 2rt E t2!. sr 12.0 lr. Clrfilan [a Pd* 110 !6. Frli CorqPto! krl 9' 17. wlk ,bel Sr!r. R@rlon A@ 50 TOTAL coNsERuATtoN/oPEN SPACE/ COMPTON PARKS AND RE(3,EAAON ELEN4ENT CENERAL PlrtN 19 DECEMBER 3 1991 t o t EHE (,o'o Q@5 9.1 3BA o 3aB +g i !, o o fI oa artrr.rtrp:r'FFoF> 6 il : 6 P P r P e P !' t! r^ w = E o (o c E 9 vdltn S o. (D a * >o sif qt E o $EgF Effi t.) = llr $ dg'gc gsE l) = o o $FsEE i ;gs$$g$fls5$EEE B ltt o - o a) I Ig e f,t * - o 1l o ? ., rg 6 g p g fl * g I m o ! A) o *Ps$Bt* E _i 4. o 2 o o !t @ ed- o o 3 o o I a + r 't .6 o 6' 5 NJX:ftrJ90IptpZ 6p8s' a $$ o 6' te $iE o 5 1' = i gE &-d It 3 !, I I EF" at $ $ $ss e s ;t $ J 3 ,i il$at rd ri+ x! o !, o EE e $ EP ! = 98 6i 5 ra6 N a,, I E' U) 6 o !, o (uc o t =CD a a! !c iI ta (q E (! a ?. o IL E o G irr o tl, s Ii o oE q. (! E ll. oo 6i,l as !nE oDo .o o .E o 5E ,c E (0 o =_ ! Eq 9 I E .9r{ CX oo aq, G zo- o0- CITY O['COMPTON GENERAL PIAN PUBLIC SAFETY ELEMENT December 3, 1991 TABLE OF CONIENTS Ssctlon Poge Introduction to lhe Public Safety Element Purpose of the Public Safety Element Public Safety Elemenl Issues Identifrcation Seismic Hazards 3 Flooding 7 Urban Fires 8 Hazardous Materials 8 Underground Hazards 9 Eme€enc, Preparedness 10 Iaw Enforcement 10 Public Safety Element Goals and Policies Seismic Hazards 72 Flooding 13 Urban Fires 74 Ilaz:rdous Materials 15 Underground Hazards 16 Emergency heparedness 18 I-aw Eaforcrment 18 The Public Safety Plan Hazard Mirigation m Emergency Plan ?i Agency Responsibilities and Coordination 26 Emergency Shelte$ in Time of Disaster n Evaqration Routes n COMPTON PWLIC SATETY EIEWN| GENERAL PI,IN DECEMBER 3, 191 LIST OF TABLES Table Table PS-1 Ios Angeles Coulty Hazardous Waste Management Sili'g Factors a LIST OF NGURES ffgure Pagp Figure P91 Regional Fault Zones 4 Figure P$2 Hazarcls Summary Map 5 Figure P$3 Pipeline Locations 11 Figure PS-4 Emergency Evaclal.ion Routes 2A COMPTON PT]BIJC S!4.FEIY ELEMENT CENERAL PIAN DECEMBER 3, 1991 INTRODUCIION TO TIIE PUBLIC SAFETT ELEMEM A city cannot illy serve its residen8 unless i! eDsures their safety. The urban envirotrmenl of Complon conlains a number of hazards, both natural and nan-made, whic.h require special consideration in &e land use planning and development proces& PI]RPOSE OF fiIE PI'BLIC SAFETT ELEMENT The purpose of the Pub[c Safety Elemenl is to describe potenlial safety hazarcls and &eir severity, and to establish policies to minimize ftg dange! to residents, workers, and visitoB. In additior! the element idsntifies aclioDs needed to deal with a crisis, and the manner in which Compton's emergency respoDse agencies cooperate with one aaother and with other jurisdioiors. Much of the background information necessary to fonnJlate public safety goals and policies is included in lhe Gewal Pla Amotaed Bibliograplry and fectnical Appdn (ABTA). This repofl describes in detail the hazarcls thal might afiect C.omptoD, as well as the resources that are available 10 respond in the event of an emergency. A[ potential safety issues were researched and documented for pleparation of the ABTA Because the ABTA found ftat the potential datrger in Compton from IsuBmis, seicheq slope inslability, dam failures, and wildland fires is low or Eon-existenl these issues are not mvered in the Psblic Safety Elemenl This element contains three additional sections: Issues Identificalion, Public Safety Element Goals and Policies, and The Public Saiety Plau. The Issues Identficalion section presents major safety-related issues facing the City. The Goals and Policies defirc objeoives for Compton iD protectiug its citizeDs, and establish a decision-making framework for City leaders in evaluating land use issues for thet safety impacl Building upon the elemenl's goals and COMPTON PWUC SA.PETY EI.EMENT GENERAL PIAN DECEMBER 3 1991 policies and. on lhe detailed description of local hazards Aom the ABTA the Safety Plan provides raore delailed re@mmendations for hazard mitigation and ensures that adequate emergency respoDse 1o identified haz:rds can be provided when aeeded. COMPTON PT]BIJC SAFETY ELE}IENT GENERAL PIAN DECEMBER 3, 1991 PUBLIC SAtr'FJIY ELEMEM ISSIIES IDENTIFICATION The safety irsues affecting Complon are similar to those of atry industrialized and urbanized city in Southem Califomia- The potential lor earthquakes, crimg frre, and hazardous matedals accidents affect all City residents. The issues identifred here establish the need for Compton's Public Safety goals and policies. sEIslilIC IIAZARDS Southem California is a seismically active region Sersmic activity occurring along a number of active faults in 1he region, including the San Andreas, San Jacinto, Wlittier-Elsinore, Newpon- Inglewood, San Femando, aad Sierra Madre faultl would be felr in the City. A significanl earthquake originating along any of tbese faults, shown in Figue PS-l, could cause injury, as well as damagg to buildings aad infrastructure in Complon- Thc greatest potet ial thrcats to the City from seismic aclivig are surface rupture, grouaclshaking and liquefactior- Srrface Ruptur€ Sudace rupture is possible within rhe City of Compton" The Alquist-Priolo Special Studies Zorc Act of 1972 requircs the State Geologist to eslablish regulatory zoncs for those faul6 corsidered "sufliciendy active and welldefined as to corstitute a poteDtial hazard to structures from surface faulfing or fault caeep." One sucb Special Study Zone passes through the vresGm edge of Comptor- Figure P$2 shows the Special Study Zone for the Newport-Inglewood Fault Zone. Vithin a Special Study Zone, no nev construction can lake place without special geologic investigations fint uting place. COMPTON PWJC SA"FETY ELEMENT GENEML PI.4N 3 DECEMBER A $91 ror*,r** Slora Macllo L og ,uw,"''"4r* t-no Palrn Sprlnss: KtiW,:rt "-*"Q)R 34:,. EBcordldo .San olego eoUFcE C.!to.dr Dhntb! ot i&E Ed G/odogy' Fa& U.p ol Ctlrdda, 1r/6. 'X' North *are rn ffii Compiton Gonoral Plan :znn:. O Figure PS-1 Regional Fault Zones 4 $T Ec ;AE d N t Eo 8g;E go t a a > o ;€E L o (U a EE E gEt 'ro li EE o (I, E o fl f N L aa (6 E e .9) ) o ffiEEffi tL I U) 4., :E;o.E E8 e 5!d mIm o o 5 Gm[[dshaHrg Movement along a fault releases seismic shock waves that move through the eartl and result in goundshaking at the surface. Although they are most intense aear the epicenter, these waves can geaerate signiicant grculdshaking damage miles away. Bxamples of groundshaking damage irclgds faUgl chimneys, racked foundations, and broken pipes Older, uDreinforced masonry buildings are the most vulnerable. Compton will initiate an earthquake hazrd abatemen! program for such buildings A preliminery list ol structures to be targeted by $e program is given below. 317 W. Col,lplolr Blid. 515 E CoEpto! Bh^L 3, riL Colapto! Blid. 607.09 E" Corpton Blvd. 3, w. CoEplo! Blid. 1045 E CoEptotr Blvd. 341 W. Coeptoa Blid. D10 E Coaptor BIid. 345 W. Coe/oa Bbd 1339 E CoEpton BIld. 363 W. CoEpton BI!d. 144 E" CoEpto! Bhd. m W. CoEpton Blvd. 1830 E. Conptotr Bltrl 4O7 W. Cooptou BIvd Irm N. Alaraeda Stre.t 2m W. CoDrplon Blvd 121 N. Alaraeda Street 18m N. Long Bea.b Bbd. Z2O N. Alaeeda Street 1m3 S. Long Bea.t Blvd. $m E. Ahmeda Street 1:}23 S. I-ong Beach Blid flr/ E. Aloreda Street 981-933 B- Rose.rens Ave, 348 rtr Ro3€aral's Ava 5m E Paloer 1301 N. Willorbrook Ave, Llquefactlon Uquefacrion is a phenomenon associared with groundshaking itr which water-saturale4 sandy soils mix wi& shallow groutrdwater, causing soils to develop a consistency similar to quickand. Under such conditionE these soils lose their ability to support any struc1ules. As a result, buildings coDstructed on top of them couapse. The most vivid recent example of seismically-induced liquefaction damage is the collapse of apaflmenl buildir\gs built on bay lill in rhe Marina District of Saa Francisco during the October, 1989 Irma Prieta earthquake. COMPTON PWLIC SATETY EIEMENT GENERAL PIJ'N DECEMBER 3, 1991 Uquefaaion risk is greatest in areas where groundwater lies less than 50 feet below the surface. The water table underlying most of Compton is at least 100 feet underground. Corsequently, liquefaction poteDlial in the City is generaly low, with lhe exception of &e central easterD area where tie grouldwaler level is higher. The Division of Mines and GeoloB/s Platrnitrg Scauario for a major earthquake on the Newport-Inglewood Fault Zone idenlilies the eastem pan of the Cily as an area with nedium potential for liquefaction These ar€as are shown in Figure P$2 If nerr construction is undenaken in these areas, special foundarion desiga will be required. FLfi)DING Background data pertaidng to flood hazards are contained in the Public Safety Technical Appendix to Ois Elemenl The Cily contaios three major flood control faci[des: Compton CreelCs east and west forks, whiclh are iynfroved as concrete-lined channe\ and a portion o1 Irs Angeles River, a regional flood conlrol facility which passes along the Cit/s eastern boundaly. Flooding potential within Crmpton extends from Compton Creek to the Los Angeles River. The primary souc€ of signifrcant flood hazard to the City would be a 10G year llood event caused by overllow of the [.os Angeles River Channel. If this were to occur, the eastem two.lhirds of Compton would be subject to shallow floodhg (one to thrce feet). However, life-threatening waters would not be expected. The City opposes the curent flood zone desiguation and in conjunaion with other local jurisdictiols, continues to document faclols supponive of a change in lbe desigDatioD. The Army Corps of Etrgineen is studying a proposed capacity increase for both the Rio Hondo and l-os Angeles River Cha:rnels. If capacity improvements to these channels are coEstructeq flood hazard within the City would be furiher reduced. These areas are showD on Fture P$a the Hazarcls Summary Map. cowToN PWIJC SATETY EI.E,MENT CENERAL PIAN DECEMBER 3, 1991 I'RBAN FIRES With the large numbers of industrial uses and vacanl and deteriorated buildings in Compton, fires havg a high potential for occrrring. The Insurance Services Olfice (SO) Commercial Risk Seryices rates firc protection in Compton a 2 on a scale ol 1 to 10, wilh 1 beiDg be,st. While fire protection is generally very good, lack of building or property mai ename aggravates the potential for fires to occur. AIso, only one frre station serves the east half oi the City. With train tratfic blocking east-west access, the need for an additional station in east Compton has been identifed; however, lhe City does have a nutual aid agreement with the cities of Lynwoo4 Do\i:ney, MoniebeUq Santa Fe Springs, aad VernoD. The City also maintains an agreement with the County of Los Algeles as pan of fte Corsolidated Fire hotection District of Irs Angeles County. IIAZARDOUS MATERIAII| Hazardous materials can be classifed into four basic categories: toxics, corrosives, reaclives, aod igtitablec Toxics include a broad range of industrial cbemicals and agricultural pesticides whose ingestion can cause serious illness or death- Tbrough body contact rather &an ingestion, corosives can cause inllammation or destruclioD of living lissue. When mhed with other substances, reactives can cause dr*age from blast ad fl,.h fue. Ignitablx pose the theat of combustiou at tow ignilion temperatures and rapid burning. Household cleaning producs, dry cleaning" film processing, industrial solventg and auto serviciDg all involve subslances and waste materials which are hazardous to some degree. The manufacture of such common items as lelevision setq neu,spapers, plastic c!ps, atrd computers generates hazardous wastes. Business establishmeus usiug and handling these malerials are localed ftroughout Compton" One suc.h use which is panio arly controvenial is DeMenno/Kerdoon, the S1a!e's largest oil recycling facility. Hazardous materials are also moved tbrough Compton along the Southern Pacific rail line and on major anerial sEeets. The City has extremely limited aulhority to deal wilh COMPTON PWLIC SAFETT EI.EMENT GENERAL PIJIN DECEMBER J 191 hazardous materials transporl Tmnsportation of hazardous materials by truck and rail is regulated by &e US Department of Transponadon @OT). DOT regulatiors establish criteria for safe hana[ing procedue& Federal safety standards are also included in the Califomia Administrative Code. The California Health &rvices Department regulates haulers of hazardous waste, but not of all hazirdous materials. Increased use in rec€nt yeals of hazardous materials in manufacturing processes, as well as in the home, has oeated new problems rclated to hazardous u,aste disposal. More waste is being generateq and fewer remote sites are available ,or waste lrsatment and disposal. In tbe interest of public safeiy, treatmcnl and disposal siles should be distanced from urbatr centels in general and residential development in panicular. In response to these coDcerns and State legislation requirilg that these issues be addresed by a[ jurisdictioDs (State Assembly Bill 2948), the t.os Angeles County DepartIrcnt of Public Works, Waste Management Division, has coordinaled prepaxation of the Los Angelcs Couttty Huadous Waste Maiageneru Plqn, The plan, which rvas adopted in November of 1989, contails policies and objeaives as well as recommendations for hazardous waste minirniz"lis4 rc{)ding and reclaiming, treatmetrl, and disposal The plan identifies future hazardous waste tIeatme and disposal neerls and establishes County wide policy for waite treatment, taDsportation, and disposal. The plan also oudines criteria for choosing appropriate lleatment and disposal sites. These criteria are discussed briefly in the 'Safely Plan' section of this elemenl IJNDERGROUND IIAZARDS (PIPELINES) The presence of underground pipelines presents the potential for accidents iuvolving &e stored or tansported matadals. Natural gas, crude petroleum, and petroleum product pipetines pass through tbe Compton area- Figure P$3 shoun tbe approximate locations of pipelines wilhin the City. While the local Ffue Department is aware of these facililie,s, the City has no control over therr Federal and State agencies control pipelines. Several acls of tbe federal COMPTON PWJC SAFely Zt-OUettr GENERAL PI.AN DECEMBER 3, 1991 govemment co rol natual gas or other [quid pipelines. These include the Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Ac1 of 1968, the Transportation of Fnplosives Act of 190, and rhe Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Safety Act of 1979. The 1979 Act extended federal aulhority to inlrastate as well as i erslale pipelines. The fedeml goverDment extends some aulhority over pipelines to state govennreDl The State ol California acc€pts the most aulhority of any state. The State enforces regulatiors lor and inspects boih iDtraslale and intentate pipelines. Additionally, Section 66436 of the Govemmen! Code ensures notice of pipeline owners ard operatols in the subdivision review process. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS Emergency preparedness is imporlant in urban areas to protect lives and prevent panic Education of emergenc, piocedurcs, especially for new residents, is always important to inoease succesful emergency response. The Cit/s curent Emergency Plan was prepared in Marc\ 1981. IAWENFORCEMENT Compton is located in a region seriously affected by crime. The Compton Police Deparment and City residenls have created successful programs in the past to deal with localized crime, Creation of such programs aqd commudty involvement are imponant parts of the overall effort to inoease safety in Compton Crime has steadily deoeased dudng the late 1980s and early 1990s. Overall crime rates decreased as much as 16 perceut from otre year lo the next. Tbe Bost dramalic desea:ie was in violent crimes - homicide, rape, and aggravated assauh - which decreased as much as 43 percrDl Mucb of these dramatic decreases have been oedited to doubling tbe volunrer force and increasing patrols. Another very siguificant staGfic is that since 1989, the Compton Policc Departmenl has ranked in Los Angeles Count/s top five for the percentage of resolved crimes. COMPTON PWLIC SAFEW EI.EMENT GENERAL PI,AN 10 DECEMBER 3 1991 E I .g o 6. q (oEro [E d aoF a (LoE 6 !H F ar c.!l E I .s,.9=ox E ME TL(LJ5 (, I x;F€E E -E :r EIm ffi o o 11 PUBLIC SAFETT EI,EMENT GOALS AND POLICIES This section sels forth Complon's objective,s for addre.ssing safety issues. Goals ard policies are grouped by issue areas alfecting the City. All goals and rel,ated policies are preceded by a brief desoiption of the isue to be add&sse4 summarized fiom &e ABTA Ilrplementation will be fur&er explored in the following seaior, The Public Safety Plan- The following goals and potcies are identified as either short-term (S), medium range (M), or long-range (L). Short-term coven a five-year period, medium range includes a live to lGyear planning perioq and long-raqe indicates goals to be acliwed over a 2Gyear time framq or policies whic.h represent ongoing City po[cies and programs. SEISMIC IIAZARDS Because seismic emergencies in California are a! eveulual certainty, goals and policies must promote carefirl planning, quality constuaioq and sound reqronse stralegies. The existence of an Alquist-Priolo Zoue in the City (Nec/pon- Inglewood Faul!) produces special requiremens lor planning and development standarrls. The following goals and policies guide the City in planning for seismic hazands and maintaining as safe an enviroment as possible. GOAL 1.0(L): Proted the conmurlty iom selsmlc hazards. PoltcT 1.1(S): Adopt and maintain high standards for seismic performance of new buildings. Poltcy 12(S): Continue to implement the Citt's seismic hazard abalemenl program for existing unreinforced building(. EDsure iiat retrolit plans are carried oui. Poltcy 13(S): Corsider the cultural and histodc significance of buildings to be upgraded for seismic safetf avoid demolition or alteration of a building's historic character in retrofitting buildirrgs for seismic safety. COMPTON PUBLIC SAFETI EI.EMENT GENDML PIAN a ocToBER, 1991 Poucy 1.4(s): In Alquist-Priolo Zones, require geologic reyiew to determine surface ruptuIe potential, and regulate development as appropriate. Polir? 1S(S): In areas rvilh liquofaclioD potential, lequire review of soils and geotogic conditiong and if necessary otr-si1e borings, !o determiD.e liquefaaion susceptibility of the proposed sita Po[cy 1.6(L): Maintain aad periodically review emergency procedures for earthquakes in the Cit/s Disaster Response Plar PoUcy L7(S): Promote eanhquake preparedness within the community by participation in periodic earthquale awarencs progralIls. Encourage property owaen to anchor buildings to their foundations, bolt water healers to walh etc. FLOODING ComptoD's flood hazards are idrequenti howevel shallow flooding is possible over tbe eastern hall of the planaing area. The following goals and policies guide tbe City in reducing Ilood hazarcls. GOAL 2.0(L): Pmtec! Compton lriabltants, workels, and vlslrors &om f,ood hazar Poltcy 2.1(M): 'lvork with lhe Irs Angeles County Departmenl of Public Worlc to identify and coDstruct rceded local aud regional storm drain improvements to prevent local flooding problems iD Compton" Poucy 2r(L)s Suppon rhe Army Corps of Engineers arxd other regional au&orities in progrars to expand the capacity of tbe Rio Hoado and Los Angeles River Chanaels. Polcy 23(M)3 Using the iDformation from studies in progress, deyelop and maintaia a master drainage plan Poltcy 2.4(S)s Require local drainage-related improvements as part of new developme approvals. COWTON PWLIC SAFETY ELEMENT GENERAL PIJ'N 13 DECA1BR e 191 Policv 25(S)r l{ork with other affeaed jurisdictions in preparation of challenges to curent (1991) iiood plain designations. I]RB,{N FIRES The City of Compton maintair its orm Fire Department for fue protection In higuy urbanized areas Uke Crmpton, certain t)?es of development pose more dil[cult fte protection problems &an others, among lhem multi-story wood framg high density apartments; multi-story ofice buildingr; larBe, continuous developed areas wiih conbustible 166fing materials; and structures involved in the storirg; handling and use of hazardous materids. Also, the rafuoad tracks runaing lhrougb the City carry many trai$ with hazardous malerials on board. Due to increasing rail taltic and current lack of grade separations, the area east of Alameda Street has been idenlified as needing an additional fire statioD- GOAL 3.0(L)3 Protect llfe ard property ln Compton tom urbatr llrrs. Poucy 3.1(M): Establish an additional fire station in the area east of Alameda Streel PoUc? 32(L)t Mainlain building code requirements for new consiruction tbat ersure provision of adequats lhe protectio!" Polcy 33(L): Maintain mutual aid agreements with surounding jurisdictioE for fue prolection" PoUcy 3.4(L)s Maintain an ongoing fire inspection piogram to reduce lire hazards associated with older building$ critical facilitiel public assembly facililies, industrial buildingl aad commercial buildi'tgs. PoUcy 3J(L): Mairtain and periodically rcview procedures for dealing with fue emergencies in the Cit/s Emergency Plar- COMPTON PWUC S,4.FETY ELEMENT GENERAL PI'AN 74 DE@iLBER i 191 Po[cy 3.6(s)r The City will support a Fire Reserve hogram sponsored by the Compton Fire Depafiment to supplemenl firll-time firefrghting staff. IIAZARDOUS MATERIAIS Compton contairs many industial uses, and many fieight trains to or from the Irng Beach and San Pe&o Harbors pass through Compton each day. The presence of these adivities gready increase &e amounts of hazardous materials stored in or transported through Comptotr The following goalr and policies seek to protect Compton resideEts fiom such ures. GOAL 4.0(L), Mlnlmlze rlsks to life and pmperly assoclatcd wtth handlh& tratrsponhg, treatbg, gercratln& and storlng hazaralous materlals. Poucy 4.1(S): Ircate new and relocate exisring land uses involved in the production, slorage, tra$portation, haadling, recycling and/or disposal of hazardous materials a safe dislance from other land uses thal may be adversely alfected by such acrivities. Poltry 42(S): Encourage and suppon the proper disposal ol bousehold waste and waste oil. Monitor dry cleaners, frlm processors, auto service establishmenls, and other businesses generaling hazardous waste materials to eDsure compliance with approved disposal procedures. Poltcy 43(S): Sporsor regular household hazrdous wasl6 disposal programs to enable residen6 to bring backyard pesticides, cleanbg fluids, paint carq and other common household toxics to a centralized colleclion center for proper disposal. Poltcy 4.4(S): Vigorously prosecute udicensed dumping of toxic or hazardous malerials inlo lhe ground or water in Compton- Iacrease lhe fines levied for illegal dunping. Enmurage citizeDs to leport dumping wheD they observe iL Polky 45(S): Cooperate with the Cou y in local implementation of applicable ponions of the Hesdous Waste Motageme Plarl cowToN PWLIC SAFZry UAntBttr GENERAL PI.AN 15 DECEMBER E 1991 Pollcy 4.6(5): Support effois ro enforce State'dght 1o lno*' lawg which outline &e publiCs rigbr to information about local toxics producen. Poucy 4.7(S), Require businesses to subEit lisiings to the Compton Fire Departrnent of t ?es of Eaterials stored. Polcy 4J (S): Adopt the Los Angeles Coutuy Huotlous Waste Mo'ogaletu Plan as ollicial City policy. I'NDERGROIJNI' IIAZARDS (PIPELINES) Compton is oisscrossed by numerous high pressure natural gas aad pelmleum pipelines. Figure PS-2 shows the approximate locatiotr of these pipelines. Although these pipelines are generally weU-corstrucled and maintaine( conslruction and excamtion in tbe vicinity of these lines reates a potential hazard if the lines are ruptued. Hazards include explosion and {ire, or spillage and earlh and groundwater coutaminalion" The Ofice of Pipeline Safety of the U.S. Depanmetrt of TraDsportatiou is the priraary agency responsible for inspection and maintenance of pipelines running through the City. Although Compton does not have regulatory clntrol over these pipelines, il can control LaBd use within the areas most alfeded by ther)" GOAL 5.0(L): Mlnlmlze risks lo ltfe ard pmperty ftom underground hazarils Poncy 5.1(S)3 Consult with companies operating undergrouad pipelines, as well as the Public Utilities Commiss:ion and Office of Pipeline Safety, to determine likelihood of explosion or ruptue in case of accident or eanhquake. Poltcy 52(S)s Ensure that the Fire Department and olher disaster response agencies have access lo route, dept\ and shut-off informalion about each liue. PoUcT 53(S): Ensue that fte Disaster RespoDse Plan includes procedures to deal with a pipeline accident COMPTON PWUC SA'ETY EI.EMENT GENEML PIAN 76 DECEMBERII9I Pollcy 5.4(L): Avoid locating new residential developmenl or other sensitive land uses in close proximity to major pipelines with a significant potential for explosion or firc. COMPTON PIJBIJC SA.rZry etZUtpr GENERAL PI-AN 17 DECEMBER 3,1991 EMERGENCT PREPAREDNESS The City of Compton maintaios an Emergenry Plan whic.h documents City policies to respond to major emergencies $,hich thrcaten life, safety, and property. The Plau xtablishes a c.hain of command and oudines the responsfuiliries of various Cily departrents in the event o, an emergency. It is further discussed in tbe following seaion GOAL 6.0(L)3 Pmtect reslde s, ylsltorq and workerg anil ensure the contlnulty of yttd serelces anal ftmcttons ln an emergengt Poncy 6.1(L): Maintain and regularly update the City's Emergengr Plan" Pollcy 62(L): Maintain implementiry aclions or procedures within lhe Plan ,or rescue efforts, medical effor8, emergengr shclters and provision of supplies. Polic, 63(M)r Periodically irpect emergency shelters to euure that equipmenl and supplies are available and operational. Potic? 6.4(S)s Sponsor and support bilingual public education prograrxl on emergency preparedness and disaster reqronse. Distribute inlormation about emergency plnnning to com:aunity groups, schools, churches and business associatioDs. Hold emergency drills to !es! lhe effectiveness of emergency preparedless plaDs. I"AWENFORCEMEM Crmpton has the highest crime index among surrounding South Bay cities. In 1988, the Crime Index per 1,000 population was 945. Several successfr:l commuaity based programs have been initiated to reduco localized crime. The City will coutinue to implement such pro$ams and other crime reduction elfofi s- coM?roN PWLIC SATETY ELEMENT GENEML PIAN 18 DECEMBER 3191 GOAL 7.0(L): Decrease crlme wtthtn Compton to lncr€ase ihe safety of cltlzetrs atrd the lnage of the communlty. Poltcy 7,1(5)3 Take a proactive approach to crine prevention by initiating youlh programs, neighborhood watches, and other mmmunity-based approaches to oime prevention" Pollcy 72(S): Coosider melhods of coordinating crime prevenlion activities with oiher jurisdicrion.* Poltry 73(S)r Seek alternative fundiDg through state and federal sources for increased law ealorcemeat services to City residents. Poltcy 7.4(5)3 homole land use planning urban design, and architecture that etrhance individual safety. Such mea.sures include Police Deparurent approved alarm qntens, secudty lighting, lightbg of aUe,6 (especiaUy at tbe rear of commercial developmenls), and building designs which allow for dear visibility of exterior entances/exits, walkways and parking areas. Potlcy 7.5 (S): hepare and initiate a program to address crime problems associaled wilh alleyl including consideratiou of measures to privatize alleyq pave alleyg provide front lot access where possible, and provide regular maintenance of aIeys. COMPTON PW,IC SAFETY ZAZYT GENERAL PI.AN 79 DECEMBER 3 1991 THE PUBLIC SAFETY PI,AN This section of &e Safety Element discusses hazard mitigation and emeryency prcparedness planning needed both to prwide everyday safety and emergency sewices, and to respond !o major disasters. IIAZARD MITIGATION Aclions resulting from rhe goals and policiss are necessary to reduce hazards within Comptor Each hazard issue is addressed below with proposed City actioDs. Selsmlc The City wi[ conlinue to implement the hazard abatemenl program to correct deficiencies in unreinforced masonry buildings The City will also require geologic studies for development in the Nervpon-Inglewood Alquist-hiolo Zone to establish appropriate setbacks and o&er building restrictiotrs. Flmdlng The City will continue to work with the ks Angel* Couty Flood Control Disrrict in protecring the City from potential flooding. Areas of identi.[ed stomr drainage inadequacy will be provided with needed drainage facilities. The City vill encourage and cooperate with studies to retum Complon Creek aud the Los Angeles River to their natural states for recrealiou purposes while providing for adequate flood coutrol along both channels. COMPTON PWUC 5.4?EW EI.EMENT GENERAL PI.4N 20 DECEtuBER 3 1991 Urbatr Flres The City of Compton's Firo Deparmrent s.lrrently provides a high level of service. The City will continue to coordinate with the Depanment by requiring the lollowing standards for acces and water pressure. Wid& of access lanes or routes shall be: o Twenty feet for driveways or streets serving two to lour dwellbg units; o TkeDty-six feet for drivewa5n or streets serving more than four dwelling unitq commercial development, or industrial development; o Tiventy-eight feet for drivewals or steets serving development which would requte the Fire Departme aerial equipment; and o Twenty-six feet for a linear distance of 25 feet on bo& sides of a lire hydrant for driveways or streets where bytlrants are required. Dimeusions of turnarounds shall be: o Suilable for fire prolection equipment where driveways or streels exlend further &an 150 feel aad are of single-access doigo; o Approximalely 200 feet for silgle-acess driveways or steets extending lurther thau 350 feet and dual-access driveways or slreets exlending further ftan 700 fgeti o At least 40 feel for culde-sacs; and o At least 60 feet lor "T-turns" and 'hammer heads.' Parkiq is allowed on 1wo sides of a steet or driveway which is at least 36 feet wide, but no parking is allowed on driveways which are used for emergenc, access and are less than 28 feet wide. Fire flow requirements shall be: COMPTON PW.IC SAFtty A-eUnNr GENERAL PI,IN 27 DECEMBER J 1991 o For residential projecl& 1250 galoDs per minule at 20 pounds per square inch residual pressure for twohour duration and up to 3,000 gallons per minute at 20 poutrds per square inch for a throe-hour duration" o For commercial and industrial projecls, 5,0@ gallons per minule at 20 poutrds per square inch for a five hour duralion" The City wil act to ensure that inadequate water syslems are retrofiited. Hazsrdous Materlals The Complon Fire Depaturent will implement programs to prctect residents and propenies from accidents involvilg hazardous materials. Such prograns will include documenting all storage and usage of bazardous materialg Etlucation programs will assist City residen6 in handling and stodng such materials properly. Those businesses and residents violating laws involving hazardous materials wiU be proseculed. To reduce the scope of risk relaled !o the tansportatioD of hazardous materials through the City, vehicles carrying sucl materials shall be reslricted to the ravel routes designated iD the Los Angeles County Huardous Waste MaMgement PlarL Businesses using or producing hazardous materia.ls shall be c.ncentrated in &e areas designated Industrial on the General Plan r rnd Use Poliq Map. Through the environmenlal rwiew process, tbe City will ensure such uses are removed from residenlial developmenl, schools, and other sersitive Iand uses. The Los Angeles County llaadous Waste Marugement Plot e,gtablishes sitirg criteria for hazardous $aste treatmen! transfer, and disposal siles. The criteria oudined in the County plan x,i[ be used to review all proposals for such treatmeDt and disposal facilities in ComptoD. A general description of the Count/s sitiug factoB, objectives, and criteria is presented in Table PS-1. COMPTON PT]BIJC SATETY ET.EMENT GENERAL PLAN 2, DECEMBER 3, 1991 TABLE P$l T.oS ANGELES COUNTY IIA RDOUS WASIE MANAGEMENT SITING FACTORS OBJECTTYE SITING CRITERIA Itoled resideDrs o Considor proiidity to populalions (lrininiuE didatrce from r€sidqtrc€g ot Zm feet). o colrider proriEity to inaobilo populalion!. Z Eosure the sirudu.d $abnrty and Aeoid lo(atiag facility seac salety ol tie fa.ility o Floor hszsrd {ers/floodplsiDr; o Arcas subj€.t to tsunaEis, soic.he3 ad stora 3ur8€s; o Dam failu.rc insndatioa aroaai aad o Aclive o! poleBtially aative faults (Binihue dislsrce ofm le.t). Require engineered desigo salcty feattE6 fon o slope stabfity (Estable soib); ard o Sub6idenc€/iquefadio!. Plot€ct surfaa€ *ater Avoid locatior6 aerl aqueduds and rescrroirs korimity to suppty eerL and wel ne& should be outside the corc of delEession $eated by puapiog a wel ol selt iell Proleat grol,ndoller Aroid facility locatioa lear oajor aquifer re.[arge areas. CoDsider avoidiBg PSD air area& CoDsidet avoidiBg nolrsttaitrEellt 8ir ale3s. 5. Proles aiI qualiry COMPTON PWLIC SAFETY EI.EMENT GENEML PI,/,N a1 DECEMBER 3, 191 TABLE P$I IOS ANGELES COUNTY IIAZARDOUS WASIE MANAGEMENT SITING FACTOBS (Conlinued) OBJECITYE SITING CT.ITBRIA Protect eNiro[ee slly se[.6itive areas Aeoid facility lo.arioD in: o wetlaads; o Close prorimity to Lsbitr& oitlrealened strd etrdangcred speciqi o PriEc agdorltEal areasi o Rr..carionrl, olturol and a€lhetic ,60urce areas; o Close proxiEity to public lacilitiGi rnd o Areas of pote i.al lnin.Ial dcpocits/ ,esouLes. Pemitted olr case-b]ca3c basisa o Federal ald St re lads 7. Ensure sale tss8portalion of hazar&us Co$ider prdilrity to areas ofraste goocratioa (vaste geadatioB sti€aD). I-oaale clo6c dirt&re to naste gene&tioa source, efiaept for r€siduls teposilori€s. Road netturls stould not Uiize lo.sl resideltial atrccts Follov highvala witL low to average AADTad acciderf rare& Consider capacitJ, rB" AADTof 8..esr ioue. COMPTON PWLTC SAFrry etZttXNr GENERAL PI,IN 24 DECEMBER E 191 TABLE PS.l IOS ANGELES COUNTY IIAZARDOUS WASIE MANAGEMENT SITING FACTORS (Continued) OBJECTIVE SITING CR.ITERIA Itoteat social aBd econoaic de,elopEent o Faciliti8 should locate i! ildusrirl, Soals of ttre cooauoity ommercial and specially zoned lan&. o Potedial .r'qng6i in red propdty yslu€s requirc ildep€odent study. o Poteatial .Lqng6 ill eEployneuf rcquire indcpeudsnt study. Soorcq L6 Angeles County Hazardous lvaste MansgeheBt PIaD, 1989 Abbevialioas: PSD - PftrendoB of Significaat Deterioration AADT- Awrage Annual Daily Tiaflic COMPTON PUBIJC SATETY EIEMENT GENER 4L PI"AN 25 DECEMBER E D91 Uralergrund Hazards (Plpelhes) The City wiU conlinue to legulate land use in lhe vicinity of underground pipelines. Such regulation will take into cosideration &e t)?es of malerials lraDsported through Oese pipelines. Emerger[y Preparedness The City wiU continue to maintain an adequate Emergency Phn RevisioDs will be made whenever federal state, or local legislation mandates. The City wiU also prepare aud diitribute educational pamphles and materials to educate the general pub[c of proper emergency preparedness procedures. Iaw Enforcemelrt The Police DePartment will continue to implement com- prograos the mudty-based'Community to help reduce crime throughout City. facilities and other development will be desigued to limit "hidden spots" atrd to create open safe sPaces. EMERGENCY PIAN complon mahtains an Emergency Plan @P) whic.h nas last updated in 1981. The EP is intended rc minimi?e the loss of life and propeny, assist h resPotrdiDg to needs of households alfecred by ilisasrer, and to provide for the rapid recovery of City rcrvices, utilities, schoo\ cotltmelce and industry. In the evdtrt of a disaster, rbe EP will be &e guidebook whic.h City offcials wi[ use to restore normal conditions as quic]1y as possible. AGENCY RESPONSIBILITIES AND COORDINATION The City of Compton maintains its own Fire aud Police Departrnenr. The EP sets fortb the assignments to be carried ou1 by Cily Departments in lime of emergency. ID addition to their normal law enlorcemenl assignment, the Police COMPTON PWIJC SAFETY EI.EMENT GENERAL PIAN 26 DECEMBER 3, 191 Departnent has primary respoDsibility for warniug thc population and for emergencl conmunicatioDs. The Fire Departmen! over and above its fire prevention and commuaications roles, is responsible for resqre operatiors. The Parks and Recreation Departnxent. is assigned the task of sstablishiig slglbn. The American Red Cros will suppon Parks aud Recreation staff at shelterq and will have primary responsibiUty for emergenc, medical services, supported by paramedic units from the Fire DepartmenL If the disaster is epidgmic or thieaters to spread by coDtami[ated air or water, the Los Angeles County Public Heallh Department becomes the primary agency in dealing with this aspect of tbe emergency. EMERGENCT SHELTERS IN TIME OF DISASTER Responsibility for emelgency care and shelter has been assigEed to the City Reoeation Departmenl The Department's role will be to assist the Red Cross, supporting it with penonnel and faci[ties if needed. One or more nass care cenlen will be activated by tbe Red Cross as soon as posible afier disaster strikes. Mass care centers will be located a1 local parks and, if necesary, schools, as shown ou Figure P$.3. EVACT'ATION ROI'TES State guidelinx requfue that the General Plau designate evacuation roul.es for the City. Delinilion of evaclation routes is depende on the nature and extent of the disaster. Prirnary evacuation routes are shovr on Figure PS-zt. Not all routcs are tikely to be open or passable in the event of a major catasuophe. Residents and workers should proceed as directed by public olficials. cow70N PT]BIJC SAFETY ZTAAENT GENEML P1.4N N DECEMBER 3 199' p p E z r o f 3 I a= E a o ,5P X/ E.= E s a{ Tr] dl 9 E lrllal EPEE lrl SB Llt OE i?,8,i E 5 E EE E g c $ E E e a e -E @ I m U ffi ol t srw JErluec a 6t 2A :. . , r-.1 ,:] t" J'. i. CITY OF COMPTON GENERAL PI,AN NOISE ELEMENT December 3, 1991 TABLE OF CONTENTS S€ctlor Page Introduction to the Noise Element Purpose of the Noise Element 1 Related Plans and Itograms 2 Noise Elemenl Issues Identifrcation Cureni and Itojected Noise Condilions 4 Noise Element Goals and Policies Transportation Noise Conll o1 77 Noise atrd Land Use Planning Integralion 18 NoD-TraDsportafion Noise Control 20 The Noise Plan Trarsportation Noise Control 21, Noise and I:nd Use Plaadng Integalion D, Non-Transportation Noise Control 23 COMPTON NOISE EI.EMENT GENERAL ?LAN DECEMBER J 19p1 LIST OF TABLES N-1 Noisel.and Use Conpatibility Matrix 15 N-2 Interior and Exterior Noise Standads 76 LIST OF FIGI'RES FIGI]RE PAGE N-l Existing Noise Contours 8 N-2 Existing Airport Noise Contours 9 N-3 Future Noise Conlours 10 N-4 Futue Airport Noise Cortours 11 N-5 Noise Barrier Effect tl COMPTON NOISE EI.EMENT GENEML PI.4N DECEMBER 3, 1991 INTRODUCTION TO THE NOISE ['J-EM['-NT' fhe control of noise plala an important part in pre,serving lhe quality of a conmunity. The development of elfeclive strategies to reduce orcessive noise is essenlial to creatiDg safe and compatible living ancl working envimDmeDls. Since 1q71, the Noise Element has been one of &e mandatory elements ofa California General Plaa. Due to California's rapid growth, noise elements are required to enable citix to limit exposure of city rcsidenis to excessive and potenlialy harmi:l noise levels. PI]RPOSE OF IIIE NOISE EI,EMENT The Noise Element of a General Plaa is a mmprehensive program for including noise control in the planning procoss. It is a tool for achieving and maintaining enviromental noise levels compatible with land use. The Noise Elemen! identifres noise sensilive land uses and noise sources, and delines areas of noise impact This element eslablishx goals, policiel and prograrDs to eDsure that Compton residents will be protected ftom excessive noise. The Noise Element follows guidelines in ihe State Govemnent Code Section 65301(f) and Section 216050.1 o{ ihe Health aud Safety Code. It quantifies the commuaity noise environmen! by establishing noise exposure contours for both near- and long-term levels of grovth and noise-generating activity, The information will become a guideline for the developmenl of goals and policies to aciieve noiso compatible Ia.nd uses. This information also identifies baseline noise levels and sources for the identification ol local noise ordiDaoce enforcemenl" The element is divided into thee remaining seaions. The Issues Identification section desoibes currenl and projected noise conditiors aDd presents the noise issues in the City that are to be addressed within the Noise Elemenl. The Goals and Policies section defines Oe goals of the Noise Element and the Citfs geueral approach to achieve stated goal!. The COMPTON NOISE EI,.EMENT GENERAL PIAN DECEMBER 3, 191 Noise Plan defiaes slrategies that the City wiu imnlement to achieve the goals of the elemenl REIAIED PIANS AND PROGRAMS Sweral local, sialg and federal laws regulate poiD! source noise and establish standards to prctecl mInmunity residen6 Aom excossive noise. Compton Munlclpal Code Section 7-12 of the Cit/s Municipal Code ssts standards lor aoise levels Citywide and provides the meaDs to enfoice the reduction of obnodous or offensive noises. Caltra$ Sounal Walls The California Department of Transpofiation (Caltrans), pursuaDt !o S€c1ion 215J of the State Streets ad Highways Codg has established a priority system for erecting noise barien in the form of souad walls along Aeeway routes. The program is designed to protect residential uses from excesive Aeeway noise. In order for a residential neighborhood adjacent to a freewa)r to qualify for the progmm, the Deighborhood must meet four eligfuility criteria as follows: o The housing units must have besn constructed prior to Aeeway construaion or widening of &e Aeeway; o The housing units must be exposed to noise levels equal to or greater thaa 67 Leq; o Construction of the sould walls must be cost efleclive. Generally, a cost of $30,000 per housing unit protccted is considered reasonable (in 1988 dollan); and o Reduction of ninimum five dBA mrst be achieved tbrough noise barrier. Any units not meeting all four criteda caDnot receive frrading from C-altraas- COMPTON NOISE ELEMENT GENERAL PIJIN 2 DECEMBER J 19,1 State Nolse.InsElatlol Stalrdards Tide 25, Section 1092 ol the California Admhi$rative Code sets fortb requtemenls for Oe insulation of multiple-family residential dwelling u:rits from excessiye and potentially harmirl noise. The State indicates that locating udts in areas where exterior ambient noise levels exceed 65 dBA is undesirable. Whenever sucl units are to be localed in such areas" the dweloper must incorporate into building de.sign coDstruction fealues which reduce interior noise levols to 45 dBA CNEL COMPTON NOISE EI.EMENT GENERAL PL'N DECEMBER 3 1991 NOISE EI;EMENT ISSI]ES IDENTIFICATION Noise is generally defircd as unwanted or intrusive sound. The characteristics of noise are difficult to de.lcribe by a shgle unit of measurement because noise has many component& such as loudnesq pitct, and duration The urban environmenf mntaiDs a variety of noise sources which can alIecl the way people live and work Some types of noise are only short-tem irritant& Other noises, such as train noise, may be permaneat. sorces of aanoyance, 6ven 1o the poinl of producing health hazrrds to the surrounding con:munity. The following issues aflect the City of Compton's noise enyironmenl Identification of lhese issues leads to the basis for the Citfs Noise Element goals aud policies. CT'RRENT AND PROJECIED NOISE CONDITIONS This se-ction describes the baseline (1991) and projeaed noise environmenls wilhin the City of Compton" These descriptions are based on an identification of noise sour@s antl noise- sensitive land uses, a survey of existing noise in the mmmunity, nobe contour maps, and projections of the noise eDvironment at frrll implementatio[ of the General Plan Sources of Nolss The sources of noise itr Compton fall into four basic calegories. These are: o Motorized vehicles on major and minor arterial roadways and freewaln; o Trairs (ftom the lreight lines and passenger rail lines); o Aircraft overliighr; aad o Stationary sources. COWTON NOISE ELEMENT GENERAL PI.4N DECEMBER 3, 1991 Each of these sources and their impacts on the noise etrvtonment of Compton are summarizrd in tbe following paragraphs. Motorlzed Veticles Traffic noise on surface streets !s a sigDficant source of noise within the community. The major roadwal,s in the City include: El Segundo Bouleva{ Rosecraos Avenug Compton Boulevfi{ Alondra Boulevard, the Artesia Freeway, Central Avenug Wilmington Avenue, Alameda Streel, Santa Fe Aveuue, Irng Beaci Boulcvard, Atlanlic Avenug and Lhe Long Beach Freeway. Noise levels along roadways are a function of several lrafrc characleristics. Most importaDi is lhe average daily trafEc (ADI) levels. Additional fa.tors iDcludo the percentage of trucls, vehicle speed the time distribution of this trafrg and gradient of the roadway. In gened most ol the land use along the major roadways is commercial open space, and industrial. However, there are some single-family and mulri- family areas, as well as public facilities, lhal are located along many of these roadways. The two freeways uavelling thmugh &e City cause ihe highest noise levels. Within Compton, Iand use along the Aflesia Freeway is almost exclusively industial. However, land use along the Long Beach Freeway includes much more residential land use, including au uaprotected mobile home park at Alondra Boulerard. Traln Operatlon$ The Cify is crosed by lwo major railrcad lines. Train ralfic on the two Southern Pacific Rail Lines that run north-south through the middle of the City is a signilicant source of noise within the community. Freight trains and the Los Angeles Meto Rail Blue Line (passenger trains) use these track. The railroad lines traverse both commercial and residenlial property, and generate signifrcant noise levels. The horu of the Blue Line Traig when signaling at the approach to glade crossing is especially objectionable. Any residential developme(s located along these railroad lines will require subslantial sound insulation to mitigate noise to an acceptable level. Alrcraft Operatlotrs: The Compton Airport is located in the west central area of &e Cig. The airpon's mfrc is COMPTON NOISE EI.EMENT AENERAL PIr'4N 5 DECEMBER 3, 199' composed of smaller privale aircraft wi& ao regularly scheduled service. The Federal Aviation AdministatioD @AA) prepares a National Plan ol Integrated Atport Systens (NPIAS). The NPIAS estimales &at by the end of 1991, approximately 160,000 operations will have talen place at &e Compton Airporl By 1996, the nuabel is anticipated to rise to z1z@0. Stsalotrary Sourte$ Major causes of noise due to stationary sour@s are the industrial area:i that are located alorg the trvo Southem Pacifi.c Rail Lines and the Artesia Freeway, Commercial and iadustrial land uses located near residential areas create occasional noise impacts. The primary noise associated with these facilities is caused by truck traffrg air compressors, geDeralory ouldoor loudspealerq and gas venting. Nolse So[sltlYe Receptors Housing is the most predominant and noise sensitive land use in Compton- This land use is considered especially noise sensitive because (1) people spend considerable time at bome, (2) signincant activities occrr outdoo$, and (3) deep disturbance is most likely to occ.ur in a residential area Additionally, the City of Compton has a number of educationa.l facilities, churches, medical facilities, a library, senior housing, and park and recreation facilitie,s &af are considered o be noise sensitive. The location of residential areas, schools and parla are shown on the General Plan I,and Use Policl Map in the I-and Use Elemenl Communlty Nolse Messursmelt Surv€y To establish baseline noise conditions in Compton, a community wide noise measurement survey was coDducted in 1991. The survey derrmined exisling noise levels at noise sensirive land uses and provided atr accurate description of the ambient noise levels in various areas throughout the City. The methodolory used lo conduct the survey is summarized in lhe Annotded Bibhography od Teclnical Appendix (AVt/t), which is a tecbaical background supplement to this General PlaD" The actual noise levels, &e primary noise sources at COMPTON NO,SE ELEMENT GENERAL PLAN DECEMBER 3, '991 each site, and other pertinent data are also presenrcd in &e ABTA. commurlty Nolse Contolrs The noise enviroDment ol Compton can be described ur:.g aoise contours developed for the major noise sources within &e City. These contous represent liaa3 of equal noise erposure, just as the contour liDes on a topographic map shov locations of equal elevation Thc contours shown are tbe 60 and 65 dB CNEL contours. Noise contours for Compon were developed based on baseline (1991) traflic levels, train operatioDs, and other assumptiors and methods explained in thE ABIA" Compton noise conlours are presenled in Figurar N-1 througb N4. Figures N-1 and N-2 show the baseline noise envirooment lor 1991 laud uses and raffi.c on major slIeets and the Compton Airporl Figures N-3 and N-4 ilustrato future noise conditions, assuming full implementation of the General Plar The inclusion of au area within a 60 or 65 CNEL contour otr Figures N-1 througb N4 indicates that noise levels are high enough to be of potential concem, bul does not imply that exessive noise levels are uniformly present on all sites within the area- Buildings, walls, berms, and cnanges in topography alIecl noise level,s. Some localioDs may be screened Aom noise impact by the presence of one or more of itrese featues. 60 O{EI: The 60 (f,.{EL conlour defines the Noise Study Zoae. The noise enviroment for any proposed noise-sensitive laad use (for erlample, single- or multi-family residenceE hospitals, sc.hools or churches) withiD lhii zone should be evaluated on a project specilic basis. The pmjed may rcquire mitigation to meet City and/or State (Tiile 24) standaxtls. A site- and plojed-specific study will be necessary to determine what kinds of mitigation will make the interior building environment acceplable for &e given t,?e ol land use. Some sites may already be sufficiendy plotected by existing walls or berms and no furlher mitigation measures are required. 65 G.{EL The 65 CNEL contour defrnes the Noise Mtigation ne. Within &is contour, new or expanded noise-sensitive developments will be permitted oDly if COMPTON NOISE EI.EMENT GENEML PIJ'N 7 DECEMBER 3 1991 a a N ]L ]L lT!lal- Ttd 1r ,, 1 t d l ) EHE oo1, EEog-t 5 tr B€ E -rgca a Omrl S o x.(E' 7 :l=o+g.E o 6=(o - Io oi !t z o m 5 t- o z oi' o E 6' .E o o = NI 9, z of o E J o 6E ED o o- ]L o c .!2o I to z oo oE o IL o. :'ll I E oo tn cCD ilt a Bi 'x 4i IIJ EI :,'lt l IJ EU i=f 'N'. i'r I ir, ol F.- l-- tf 6;., E{:.. :-.r' .:i 3- l;.,'.S,r ii!'! ,&rr s: i'!I;i 7.- i *-,-{".'r.ul' la tl:': t f ti. o I z o= o c o gE o= o o. iI o .!2 Eo o oE z t5 t- oc o o. CL E (,o tl E I J ) LL lrlU ?., OF,lr 3l-la c l! !-xJ$ 612Es -q-a- it 'is:i;li, ta 2.1 ts ' 0ti.,i.; 'l;\!d"..!a 11 I I f EHE u, at l, E.€Oo5 E tr 3 Ce , ts 8H3 p55 d c)4 o 3 fro, ! r :'o z 66t o !l -o' o (D E 6! I - appropriate mitigation measues, such as barrien or additional sound insulation, are included and Gty and/or State noise standards are achiwed. In sone instanccs it may be Possfole to show that existing wall& bemsr or screening provide adequate mitiguiot Through implementation of noise/and use compatibility standards in rhis elemeDq the City may c.hoose to discourage some types of noise-sensitive land uses in these areag including hospitals, librarieq schoolq auditoriums, and concert haUs, rather than to require mitigation measures. Ar€as of Sp€dal C:tncern Ur:shielded areas direcdy along Willowbrook Avenue and Alameda Street will be subjecGd to noise levels in excess of 70 CNEL Unsbielded areas adjacent to mosl other arterial roadwals thrcughoul the City wi erperience noise lwels in excess of 65 CNEL. Significant levels sucb as these are of most conc€m when residential and o$er noise sensitive uses arc impacted. The exlerior environment in single- and multi-family nsidential neighborboods, partictlarly along tbe Willowbrook ard Alameda mrridon, will become increasingly unpleasant as souEd levels increase. Residential development in areas $,ilh a CNEL excoeding 70 dB is mnsidered normally unacceptable, and new consEuction or developmetrt should generally be discouraged. Nolse C-oltml Transportation noise is the most serious noise problem in Compton However, local govemment has lilde direct control of transponadon noise at lhe sourca. State and Federal agencies have the responsibility to contol vehicle noise emission levels. The most effective method lhe city has to mitigate tansportation noise is by reducing noise impact on the comrnunity, Mitigation througb site plaDring and the desigo aud comtructioa of a noise barrier (generally a wall or bsrm) are the most ormmon *,aF of alleviaring trafic noise impacts in existing urban envtonments. Figue N-5 iUustales some of these ways. COMPTON NOISE ELEMENT GENERAL PL,1N 72 DECEMBER 3 '91 Bardsr or Wan lri€'lrg trE St lriure C€rndr LtE Nobs Bartsr dTop ot Slope F€dd6E6 DEfr€ssed 80 th€t tiE Edge ottiE Road ara 6 Bsnle, Compton Gonoral Plan 12t319'l Figure N-5 Noise Barrier Effect 73 Tables N-1 and N-2 show standards and criteria that speciry acceplable limils of noise for various land uses tbrougf,out CoEploD" These stardards and criteda wiU be incorporated into the laud use planni"g process to reduce future noise and land use incompatibilities. Table N-l presenls criteria used lo assess iie compatibility of prcposed laud uses with the noise environmenl These sriteria are the basis for the derrelopment of the specific Noise Standards presetrled h Table N-Z and represetrt City policies related to Iand uses and acceptable noise levels These tables arc tbe priEary lools whiih atlow the City to ensure integrated planning for compatibility between land uses and outdoor noise. The noise levels presenred in Ta.ble N-1 represenl exterior loise levels. The primary purpose of the noise compau'bility matix is 10 identi$ potentiat conllicts between propos€d land uses and the noise eDviroDmenl The noise standardsr Table N-2, should be corsuLed for determination of noise compatibility with existing developments. COWTON NOISE EIEMENT CENEML PLAN 74 DECEMBER 3, 1991 TABI,E N.l USE COMPATTBILITY MATRD( COMMUNTTY NOISE EQUIVAI,ENT I.SI'EL IAND IJSE CATEGORIEI O{EL CATEGORJES T,ISES <5' () 63 m 13 Slrt RISIDENTIAL ShSL Itdlr Dud.i, MultbL F.6!y B B c D D AESIDENIIAL B c c D D COMMERCIAL tlor.l Md.l Trud.o. t dgbg B B c c D f,ldonlL D!fiLr COMMERCIAL C@Ect&l R!l3X, B!r]a Rldauran! Rrdoial VIXag. B B c COMMRCTAL Oib! &rl{!g R!..arth ard INDTJSTRIAL D.!/atopd.o!, M.!do@l Om..., Ciy B B c D IT\NTIT(IIIONAL Oolct e$d!3 COMMERqAL Alptli.atlr, Con rn tlrl B B c c D D D IISIITUTIOML Aldiloritro. M..!lit Hrl @MMBRCI,AL &&l!!o! A!!u.c!!c ParL MloiatrE Oolt Cou!r., C'.d Tt!.h Equ.nt&! B B D D COMMBRCIAL A!or!!b,L, S.!rL! 5l!.i14 Alto D.rLr&tA Mr!ula.rod!8. B B B TNDUSIRIAL II{SIITUIIONAI, W$!nou!ii3, Whol€rar., Ud[0., hISIITUIIONAL lloalttal Gurtb, Ln t!rr, scloold B c c D D OPEN SPACB B c D D OPEI SPACE Gof Cou$., C.tn.l.dlr, l{!l!l! B c c c.dlcr!, wldr. rrabllaa AGRICUITURB CI,BARLY COMPAIIBI.E norE l coorr.!(,o!al c!r!aru.do! slllod a!, A.drl io!. hn rdoa &q0ntG.atr. ZONB B lrcv cooarudlo, c d&lloprntnt rhouLl b. tEd.n l!! oly afi.l&ldlcd so{rdr of !h. ne NOBMAIIY COMPATIBLE !.d!.$o! rlqulr! !.0l! ai! dlat anat ac.aLal lol!! harlato! f.atun h &. d!d8! ar! da.rat!.d. Codrcn$oral c@a!ud&d, rrlth clcil rvlrdm Ed fr.!,! d, efplr.rdcrir or !n @@dltonb& .l1l norarly adlrcs ZONEC !,Li, @!r!u.tho or dlvdqd€or rhould &n nly b. [email protected]. f lcr col!.rr.tlo oldlvdop NORMALLY INCOMPAIIBLB n o! doc, p'oc..4 a &lal.d @rlrd! of !ob. rldu.doi !!qdr!d. tald bc o!& @d !..d.d !o&. brrla.lod Glllr.r h.ludld h &. d.dt!- ZONE D llp loratldh o, d.vdoldcar rlodd 8@@!y lot bc ltnd.d*a! CX.aARLY INCOMPATIBIT Sou..s ltr &! Grr. Ar'odatg COMPTON NOISE EIEWNT GENEML PI.4N u DECEMBER e 19,1 TABLE N.2 INMruON AND EXTERIOR NOISE STANDAf,DS lAt\'D USB CATECORIES CNEL CATBGORIES USES NTERIO 8'([BRTOE RESIDETIIIAL Sn8lr Flony Dud.r Mddd. fadly d 6t 6f CEMMBRCTAL Hd.l Md4 Traln ol kdglnS 4' INDI'ST&JAL IT{SEruIIONAL Coolr.i.ial IG{r!, Badq Llaauret 55 OfiL^. &llld!& tris.ard aral Dd.lopi!.!t, P!!'fcrJoirl Ofllc.3, Clty 50 Om.. Bulaltn8 Anplltt at r, Cooc.n Halll AudttortnB, l[.dh8 t&[ 4J crE@dDE (Mt polpc) !0 sroa cll,! ,J i&!'dr.dnti& Wallhdrlh& 6J 45 IISTTTUTTOIIAL Hnarl&l Scn@b' clo!s!&l! 43 6J (aut!n,I$fty ltJ OPEN SPACB 6J L lnlbo, c$toa$.nt hddllt: Ba.hrerna toU,ra .l6.ra cotlldld 2. Ourd@ .lllrolln nl llnlld ro: Pnv6r. r!!d of dnglc tlrily Mdll-flenyp*,lrc Fdo o, balcody*,ldcb t &d.d bts n s!. d cdr floin tbdd. tt dp!ll!8 &l6de 6 &.! d!.p or I@ e .I'Epr MoUi. noo! Ia* P.!lt pLob .g Sldol,, pta:,Eron d 3. N!'Lc lcvd rcquhloat i.lt!.loa.il lrhilriE. Me&!!L!t \,€ LltaS rrd.d d d!c! l! o,, of B!rE{ rrEdhdo! .brl t ptsrd.d B of Gafllr 11 Sc.do! 1205 of UBC. ( F-n dd not Lvd, ahouLl bc ,s.h !!!l tat rlor rob. Icv& dll aot .rc.d !5 (f,IEL COMPTON NOISE ELEMENT GENERAL PI-AN 76 DECEWER J 1991 NOISE ELEMENT GOALS AND POLICIES The overall goal of the City of Compton is to provide a souad eDviroDment that is as free from noise as possible. While noise cannot. be completely eliminated, i! can be reduced. The following goals and policies provide the primary direaions for the City of Compton for the ellective control of communily noise. The following goals and poticies are identilied as either shon-rcrm (S), medium range (M), or long-range (L). Sbort-term coven a five-year period medium range includes a fve lrr l$year planning period, and long-range indicates goals to be achiwed over a 2Gyear lime frame, or policias which represent orgoiDg City policies and programs. TRANSPORTATION NOISE CONTROL In those areas where tralsportatioD noise represenls a tbreat to the public healtb and welfare, the City will reduce noise hazards to safe levels. In those areas where trarsportalion noise degrades the enviroDme , but nol to aD extent &at represents an immediate hazad to public health aad welfare, the City will reduce environme al degradalion as muc.h as leasible and praaical wi0in the lirnits improsed by conflicting objecrives. GOAL 1.0: Realuce nolre lmpacts from tratrEmrtation nolse sources. Poltry 1.1(L): Require construction of barriers along freewalr, railroads, and the Alameda Corridor when necessa.rjr to shield noise-sensitive uses from excessive noise. PoUcy 12(L): Include noise mitigation measures in the design of new road*zy projeds itr ComptoD" Po[c? 13(L): Reduca traDspoiation noise l.hrough proper desiga and coordination of new or remodeled transportation and circulation facilities- COMPTON NOISE EI.EMENT GENERAL PI.AN 17 DECEMBER 3, 1,, Pottcy 1.4(L): Eoforce City, State, and Federal noise standards, especially those for mulllers and modiied exhaust systems. Policy 15(S): Monilor noise frorn buses and other heavy vehicles in residenlial areas. If necessaqr, consider alternate circ'ulation routes for those t)pes of vehicles. Poltry 1.6(M)3 Discourage through-trafrc in residential neighborhoods by use of speed humps. Pourf' L7(L)s Require that Dew tansponadoD equipment purchased by the City of Cornpton comply with noise pedorma € standards. Pollcy 13(S): EBure that noise mitigation considerations are imorporaled into the desigl of the Alameda C-orridor. Poltry 19(5)3 Encouage tbe SCRTD Lo implement measures to reduce impact of Blue Line horn. Pollcy 1.10(L): Encourage Compton Airyort to noise reduction methods for atcraft, especially at l,ndirrg and lake-off. NOISE AND I^{ND USE PI-ANMNG INTEGRATION Noise and land use incompatibilities can be avoided for aew developmenls when Doise is properly colsidered in the plsnnin& desip, and permiting of a project The City vril work to prevent future laud use and noise conflicts tbiough the planning and approval proces. GOAL 2.0: Incorporate trolse conslderatlons lnto lanal use plaunlng ileclslons. Pottcy 2.1(5)3 Btablish acceptable limits of noise for rrarious land uses thmughout the community, in accordance with Table N-2 COMPTON NOISE ELEMENT GENERAL PLAN 18 DECEMBER 3, 1991 Pottcy 22(L): Ensure acceptable noise levels near schoo\ hospitals, convalescent homes, and other noise sensitiw areas, in accordance with Table N-1, Poucy 23(S)r E:tablish standards for aU t)?es of noise not already govemed by local ordinances or preempted by stale or lederal law. PoUry 2,4(L)3 Require noise reduaion techdques in site and arcniectural design and construction lvhere noise reduction is necesszry. PoUcy 25(L)3 Discourage a:r( if necasary, prohfuit location ol noise*ensitive laad uses in noisy environment& including near railroad lracls, Aeeways, and Compton Airporl GOAL 3.0: Mlnlmlze rolse splllover froln commerclal and llrahsfial lses hto nearby resldentlsl nelghborhood& Poucy 3.1(L)r Enforce the 65 db(A) State standard 1or exterior noise levels for all commercial uses. Policy 32(S): Require that s minimun 15-foot landscaped bulfer be provided betweeu a commercial or mixed use structure and an adjoi"ing residential parcel. Poltly 33(S): Requte tha! automobile and truck access to commercial or industrial properties located adjacent to residential parcels be located at the mrximum practical distalce Aom &e residential parcel. Po[cy 3l(L): hohibit truck deliveries to commercial and industrial propenies abuning residential uses before 7 a.m. and after 9 p,m. unles there is no feasible altemative. GOAL 4.0: Minlmize the noise impacts assoclatrd wlth the alevelopment of reslalentlal unlts above grounil floor commerclal mss h mlxeal-use deyelopments Pollq 41(S): Require that commercial uses developed as pan of a mixed-use projecr (wi& residential uses) not be noise intensive. COMPTON NOISE EI.EMENT GENEML PL./N 19 DECEMBER E D91 Poucy 4r(S): Requte that mixed-use structures be designed to plevent transfer of noise and vibration from the commercial to the residential use. Polcy 43(L): Orient mixed-use resideufial uails away from major noise sources. Poucy 4.4(L)! Ircate balconies and opena.ble windona ol residential units in mixed-use projects auray from th6 primary stleet and other major noise sources. NON.TRANSPORTATION NOISE CONTROL The adoption of an updated comprehensive noise ordinance will i'nprove contol of nou-tnnsportation noise impacts, and will also assist the Cily in presening &e quality noise environmeDi which exists in some residential areas. GOAL 5.0: Deyelop measur€s to contml non-traNl,ortatlon nolse lmpocts. Poltcy 5.1(S)s Adopt an updated comprehensive City Noise Ordinance to conuol excesive noise from lawn blowers, trimmeq machinery or other disturbaaces. Policy sr(L): Reduce noise generaled by construction activities by requiring sound attenualion devices on construcl.ion equipmenl Pouly 53(L)s Establish and maintain coordination among the agencies involved in noise abalemenl COMPTON NOISE ELEMENT GENERAL PIAN 20 DECEWER 3, 191 TIIE NOISE PLAN In order to achieve the goals and objeaives of the Noise Elelnen! an ellective implementzlion progmm, developed within the constraints of the Cit/s financial and staffing capabilities, is necessary. The underlying purpose is to reduce the number ol people e{posed to excassive noise ald 1s rninirn'ize the fulure effect of noise in the City. The following are the actioDs that the City wil cotrsider implementing to confol the impacts ol noise in CrmptoL IRANSPORTATION NOISE CONTROL The most effrcient and effective means of controlling noire from Lransportation systems is to reduce noise at the source. However, since the City has little dircct control over y)urce Doise levels because of State and Federal preemption (for examplg State Motor Vehicle Noise Standards and Federal Air Regulations), policies should be foctsed on reducing the impact of the noise ou the cour-Eutrity. Comptou has a number of uarqronadon related noise sources includbg railroad operations, major arteria\ collector roadways, freeways and the airpo( These souces are tie major mntnbutols of noise in ComptoD. Strateg/ I Ensure the employment of noise mitigation neasures in the design of roadway improvemeDt projects consistent with funding capability. Suppon effons by the Califomia Departmetrt of Transportatiou aud others to provide for acoustical proteclion of existing noise sensitive land uses atfected by these projects. Strateg 2 Require the use of walls and berns in the desiga of residential and other noise sensitive land uses that are adjacent to major roads, commercial, or industrial areas. COWTON NOISE ELEJIENT GENERAL PIAN 2l DECEMBER 3 191 Strafegl 3 Provide for conlinued evaluation of truck movements and routes in the City to provide effective separation from residential or other noiss seEsitive land uses. Strat€g/ 4 EDforce the State Motor Vehide noise standards for carq truclc, and motorcycles. NOISE AND I.AND USE PI.ANNING INIEGRATION bformal.ion relalive to tbe exisiing ar1d future noise environments within Compton should be iEtegrated into future land use pl"nning decisions. The element presents the existing and future noise envhonnen6 so that the City wil include noise impact considemtions in development programs. Noise and land use compafibility guidelines are presented, as well as noise standards for Dew developments. Commuriq noise consideralions are to be iuclrporated into land use plaDning. These measues are intended to preveat future noise and land use iucompatibilities. Strateg 5 Enforce standards that speciry acce able noise limits for various land uses tbroughout the City. Table N-1 sho8s criteria used to asses the compatibility of proposed land uses with lhe noise environmenl These crileria are the bases of specfic Noise Standards. These standardg presented in Table N-l define Clty policy related to land uses and acceptable noise levels. Sh?te$ 6 lncorporate noise reduction features during site planling to mitigate anticipated Doise impacts otr affecled noise sensitive land uses. New development will be permitted oDly if appropriate mitigation measures af,e included sucb that the standards conlained in this elemeni are mel COMPTON NOISE ELEMENT GENERAL PIJIN 'r1 DECEMBER 3, 19,, StratepT. Enforce the provisions of the State of Califomi,a Uniform Building Code, which specilies that the indoor noise leveb for multi-family residential living spaces not exceed 45 dB CNEL due to the combined efrect of all noise sources. The State requires implementatiotr of rhis standard when the outdoor noise levels exceed 60 dB CNEL The Noise Referral Zones (the 60 dB CNEL contour) car be used to determine \rhen this standard needs 1o be addressed. The Code requires that this sta:rdard be applied to all new hoteb motels, aparmeni houses and dwellings other than detacied ringle-family dwellings. The City will alsq as a matter oI policy, apply this standard to single fanily dwellings. NON.ITANSPORTATION NOISE CONIROL Peoplg musl be protected from excessive non-trarsportatioD noise souces, includiag commercial and industrial cenlers. These impacts are most effectively conlrolled thro.gh the application ol a City Noiso Ordinance. Strateg E Adopt and enforce a comprehensive Cig Noise Qldinance. The ordinance protects people from non-transportation related noise souces sucb as musig machinery, pumpq and air conditioners- Strateg 9 Require that any proposed developmen! projects demonstrate compliance with lhe City Noise Element and Ordinance prior to approval. StrateA/ 10 Requfue conslruclion activily to comply with noise limits established in rhe City Noise Ordinaffa COMPTON NOZSE EI.E,MENT GENEML PI.AN 21 DECEMBER 3 191 Strategr 11 Designate the CoEmunity PlaDrdng and Development Department to act as the noise contol coordinator. This will eDsure the continued operation of City roise enforcgment efrorts. Strateg/ 12 Limit delivery hours for commercial and industrial uses with loading areas or doch fronting, siding; bordering or gaining acces on ddveways adjacent to noise-sensilive areas. Exemption from this resuiction shall be based solely on attaidry ful compliance with the night-time noise iimis of the Noise Ordinance, COWTON NOISE ET.E,MENT GENERAL PIAN 24 DECEMBER 3, 191 :ol CITY OF COMPTON GENERAL PI,AN PUBLIC FACILIIIES ELEMENT December 3, 1991 TABLE OF CONTENTS Sec'tlon Page Introductioa to the Public Facilities Element Purpose of the Public Facilities Elemenl 1 Related Plans and hograms 2 Public Facilities Issues Identifrcation Emergency Sewices 4 Quality Education 5 Quality Ubrary Senice 6 Quality Water Selvice 7 Quality Sewer Service 7 Storm Drainage Control 8 Control of Solid Waste 8 Interagenry Coordination and Cooperatiou 9 Public Facilities Element Goals and Policies Emergency Services 10 Quality Education 11 Quality Iltrary Service 72 Quality Water aDd Sewer Seryica 72 Storm Drainage Control li Crntrol of SoUd Waste 74 Interagency Coordination and Cooperalion 15 Public Facilities Plan Emergency Services 76 Quality Education 79 Quality Ubrary Service m Quality Water Service m Quaiity Sewer Service 27 Storm Drainage Conrol 27 Co rol of Solid Waste , COMPTON PUBLJC MCII.ITTES EI.EMENT: GENERAL PIAN DECEMBER 3, 191 LIST OF TABLES Table Pase Table PF-1 E)dsing aDd Fulure Schools in Compton 6 LIST OF FIGI-IRES Figure PF-1 Public Facilities 77 Figure PF-2 IDfraslructure Needs 18 COMPTON PWI.IC FACIUTTES EI.EMENT GENERAL PTJIN DECEMBER 3 1991 INTRODUCIION TO TIIE PUBLIC FACIIJTIES EI,EMENT Public facilitie.s are divided into two componenls: public services and iDfrastructure. The public service componcnt ijocludes law enforcement, fire protectior, and educational civig institutional and c;nltural facilities. IDfrastructure refers !o the q/steDs which distdbute power (Eatural gas and electricity), Fovide water service (urastewater and polable water), and allorr telecommunicatioD& InAa$ructure also includes flood control facilitieg water aad wastewater treatment faciuties, aad solid walte faciUties suci as landfills, bul does not include cirqdation inlrastructure (sEe€ts and highways), which is adclressed in the Circulation Elemenl The background informadon used to formulale the goals and poticies contained in this element is included h Lhe Annotded Bibhogmphy atd Teclnical Appndb (ABTA). The ABTA addresses many issues, including public servlces and utilities. The ABTA also ideDtilies the organiztions responsible for providing the public facilities within tbe City and the levet of services provided. PURPOSE OF fiIE PIJBLIC FACILITIES ELEMENT The Public Facilities Eleme establishes guidelines lor providing adequate public services and intastructue systeDs to serve the commuaity. This element also outlines provisions for reducing demand on certain faciliries and mai*aining adequaG service levels. The Public Faciliries Element is an optional element of the Genera.l Plan- However, once adopte{ this element carries the same force and effect as mandatory elemeuts aDd musl be internally consisient witb other elements of the General PlaD" This element is comprised of three additional sections: Public Facilities Issues IdentificatioD, Public Facilities Goals and Policies, and the Public Facilities Plan. The Issues Identification section discusses issues which afiect the City's public facilities and services, atrd establishes the basis for Plan goals and policies. The Goals aad Policies section contairs the Citt's goals for providing adequate pubuc facilities to COWTON PW.IC FAQUNES ETEMENT GENER!4L PL4N DECEMBER 3, 1991 serve Cily residences and businesses The Plan identifres the public facilities Complon will need to suppon a growing residential population and anticipated exparsion of commercial and induslrial business enterpdses. REI,AIED PI,ANS AND PROGRAMSi To monitor and plan for the ongoiDg operation of public facilitieq public agencies prepare and adopt lacility master plaDs. Ir Compto4 public facilities are provided b, City and County agencies, as well as by private companies and service districts. The following plans are relevant to the General PIan long-range vision- Clty ol Compton Capltal Impmyement Pmgram Thc ComproE Murdcipal Waler Departme panicipates iu the preparation of the Cit/s C"pial rmFlovement hogram. The program covers six-year periods and describes scheduled improvements 1o occur each year during the six-year plsnning time frame. The program addresses several compotretrts of the Gtywide iD.frastructue s)/steD, includiry roadways, domestic qater service, atrd storm water collectioD" Compton S{trer MaEter Platr The 1990 Colr]plon Sewer Master Pla.n idendiies the location of Complotr sewer lines. The plan also identifres areas which nced expanded service. Areas Deeding expatrded service are identified by tbe size of the needed facility and ihe phasirrg program anticipated for the improvement& Compton Redeveloprnent Plans Compton has adopted a redevelopmenl plan which covers all commercial and industrial ploperties in the City. A major focus of lhe plan is to upgade and maintain idra;tructure and public services at levels which suppon iDcreased businass activity. COWTON PT]BIJC FAAUTTES ET.EMENT GENEML ?I.,AN 2 DECEMBER 3, 1991 The Couaty of Los Angeles also has one rcdevelopment pmject within the Planning Area. The East Compton Plan includes properties along Compton Boulevard and Atlantic Avenue. Irs Argdes C.ounty Publlc Facllldes Element The Public Facilities Elenent mntained in I.os Angeles Couat/s Comprehensive General Plan establishes goals and policies for waler seryice, solid waste man,gement, sel{er seryice, and flood protection Facilities are identified in Comptoa for all but solid waste managemcDl. hs Algeles Cou[ty SoUd Wsste Management Platr and Callforrls Integrated WaJte Mamgement Act ol 1989 The Counr/s Solid Waste Management Pla:r was adopted in 19&4 a.nd revted in 1985. The Plan establishes policy for lhe County in managing diminishing landfill resources. The Plan also guides programs to redrce solid waste within the Couaty. This Plan will be closely related !o plans of individual jurisdiaiors which rcapond to state legislation requiring reduclion of the waste srea:[ The City of ComptoD has prepared a Source Reduction and Recycling (SRR) Element in respoase ro Assembly Bill 939, the Califomia Integraied Waste Managemenl Act of 1989 (AB 939). AB 939 requires every city and county iu the State of California to prepare an SRR element that identifies bov eacl jurisdiaion will meet the mandalory waste divenion goals set by the State of 25 percent by 1995 and 50 perceat by 2000. The Compton SRR element was prepared coDsistent with Public Resources Code Section 40000 et seq., and &e regulations developed by lhe Calitomia Integrated Waste Managemed Boad (CfWMB) etitJed Ploning cddzlinzs for Prerying Ruising nd Anending Counryidp Inregrded Waste Moagaierl Plara. These regulaliors amended ihe emergency regulatioDs that were in effect during the development of thb SRR elemenl The emergency regulations are found in Title 14 of the CalifoDria Code of Regulatiors (CCR), Chapter 9. COMPTON PUBIJC FACTI.|TTES ELWENT CENERAL PIAN DECEMBER 3, 1991 PIJBLIC FACILTTIES ISSUES IDENTIHCATION This section identifies issues that affect pubUc facilities and services provided by public and quasi-public a3encies. These issues establish ihe basis for the elemenl's goals and policies. EMERGENCT SERVICES Due to Compton's intense urbanizatio4 emergency services experience a high level of use. Part ol the Cit/s quality of life depeDds upon the ability of resideDts and business ownen to receive adequale protection during emergencies sucl as Iires or accidenr. This section identifies curren! emergency services available to the Cily's residents. Iiw Enforcemelt The City of Complon operates its own Police Departmenl Since 198( crime has dropped steadily. However, crimg rates are still very high. With one of the higher crime rates ia lhe southeast l,os Angeles region, it is esendal that Oe City maintain a strong police force to ensure community salety. t'lre Pmtecdon The C.ompton Fire Department provides Iire protection services to the City. There are four fire statioDs wilh primary resporsibility for providing flre protection services. The Irsuiance Services OIfice QSO) Commercial Risk Services, Inc rates communities by a fire iruuance classification for insurance purpose$ The rating sysGm is based on &e level of sewice provided to a mmmunity. Compton has an ISO protectioD classification ol 2, where 1 is oplimuD and 10 is unprotected. The absence of woodland firc hazards, combined with adequaE fire protection facilities a:rd prompl response times, result in a very good ISO rating. COMPTON PWI.IC FAALTTIES q.EMENT CENERAL PI,IN 4 DECEMBER 3, 1991 Specific fire hazards in the City are rclated to u$an land uses. The Cit/s older building stock is particularly susceptible to frre hazard due to the potential for substaadard wiring or faulty heating. Ureinforced masonry buildings present added danger to fuelighters based on the increased potential for the strudure 10 collapse. Indusfrial uses in the City which use and/or slore petloleun , chemicals, and explosive products presen! another type of urban fire hazard. kvels of service for fire and paramedic services are very good and meet the local criteria established However, limited vehicular access to City areas east of Alameda Street and the parallel railrcad tracls, combined with increesing train trafEg strain the service capabilities of the single fire slation located in eastem Compton QUALITT EDUCATION Public schools in Compton are operaled by the Compton Unified School DisricL Educaiional facilities include three high schools, one special education center, eight junior high sctrools" and 24 elementary schools. Table PF-l identfies these facilities. Most schools attended by Compton residents are operating near capacity or sligbtly abwe design capacity. Elemenlary schools on the Gt/s east side experience tbe most overcrowding. The trend toward larger family size is expected to continue; ihl]$ overcowding is expected to inoease. Portable classrooms have been added to many siles to expand capacity. Schools on the east side bus children to sc.hools on the west side to relieve overoowding. As the Cit/s population and average household size increase, school faciUties will be challenged to effectively menege physical facilities. No new school facilities are planned, so management oI facilities may focts on the less crowded west side schools. COMPTON PWIJC FACILTTTES EI.E,MENT CENERAL PIAN 5 DECEMBER 3, 1991 TABLE PF.l COMPTON I'NIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT EXISTTNG SCIIOOI.S IN COMPTON ELEMENIARY SCNOOT.S JI,MOR HIGH HIGH SCHOOI.S scH(x)Is 1- Ande$oD 14. LiBcoLtr U. Buache 1It C€olednirl Z Bunc&e 15. Irlgfelos Zl. Davis 2H. Codpton 3. B6!.h 16. Maro 3J. Enterprise 3H. DoEinguez 4. caltleell u. Mcxinley 4J. Roocerelr 5. Carver 1& McNair 5J. Valgurrd 6. Dicfilsor 19. Rile3 6r. Wallon 7. BEersoD 20. Roorsvelt 7J. WMey 8. Foste! 21. Rore(rsns 8J. Mlosbrook 9. Jeffe$on 22. Tibby 10. K€[y 23. Tc,si! 11. KeEedy 24. Washingtoa 12 Krtrg 5. Vidory ParL 13. Irurel 26. Pioaee! Notg Nuobe$ adjacant to schools are loaation referelcB for lrrgule PF-r. Prrblic Facilitics Plaa- QUALITT LIBRARY SERVICE L.ibrary services are provided in the City as part ol the Irs Angeles County Public Library Spten, which comprises a regionwide libmry qAtelr Ttvo County libraries are lo€ated in Compton. Witb a growing latino-American populafion, some library services will ueed to be orienled to a non-English speating populatiou However, this must be accomplished without saoificing service to the African-American community. COMPTON PWLIC FACIT.ITIES ELEMENT CENERAL PI,IN DECEMBER J, 191 QUALITT WATER SERYICE Potable vater is provided !o fte City through a complex u.ater distfuution system directed by several agencies. This system is described in the ABTA" Three water ageacies have faciliti$ within the City; the Cily of Compton Mudcipal Water Departmenl serves approximalely 85 percent of the Ciry. The inlraslructure which supplies the Cit/s water services is agbg. Most of the iDfrastructure is over 50 years old. Upgrading of the water delivery q,stem is in process; hovever, substantial improvemenls are necessary. QUALITT SEWER SERVICE The entire City of Compton is located wi&in the Los Angeles County Sanitalion Districl Fifteen of the County Sanitation Districts have pooled their iuvestmena in wasteuater treatment faciUties. These 15 districts, hown as the Joint Outfall Districts (JOD), are located in the cental Los Angeles Basin and serve primarily the easlern and southern portions of I,os Angelx Couaty. The JOD have constructed an integrated network of facililies hxo$'n as the Joint Outf"ll Sptem (JOS). Tbe sFtem coDsists of sh treament plants, over 1,000 miles of trunk sewerq 48 pumping planr, and four submarine outfalls- Waslewater generated in Crmpton is treated at the Joint Water Pouution Contol Plant (IWPCP) h CarsoD. The JWPCP has a design capacity of 385 million gallons per day (mgd) and in 1991 was treating an average daily flow of 3& mgd. The San Jose Creek Water Reclamation Plan! whicl is part of l-he JOS, has been expanded lo acconmodate an additional 375 mgd by the year 1993i this expansion iucreased the plart's total capacity to 100 mgd. The San Jose Planl is upsueam from JWPCP and intercepts florvs when necegiary to prevent nryPCP from operating over capacity. The local sewer qrlem which feeds into the District's truk network in Compton is maintained by the City. Over rirre, the overall sFtem operated by lhe CiIy deteriorates. Line recoDstructiotr aDd maniole replacement is considered COMPTON PWUC FACILTIZES ^EMENT GENERAL PIJIN 7 DECEMBER 3, 191 necgssary system-wide. The policies in this elemgnl serve to ensure that waslewater facilities will be maintained or replaced as necessary. Background dala and sewage generation faclon are mniained in the Public Faciliries Technical Appendix. STOBM DNAINAGE CONIROL The County of lrs Angeles Department of Public 'lVorla is responsfule for llood control in Compton" Ircal Aooding has almost been eliminated iD lhe Dislrict by the installation of flood control channels" slorm dniDs, d,me, debris basin& and pumping planls. Storm drainage facilities within the City of Compton are generally in good condition aad adequate to meet existiDg and projected needs. However, ponions of the City may be exposed to shallow floodirg during a l@year flood went if the Los Angeles River Channel is una.ble to co ain flood water. Ufe threatening walen would Dot be elpected. Flooding issues are discussed in the Public Safety Element CONTROL OF SOLID WASTE The rapidly diminiching landlill space is one of California,s most pressing olrrent problems. AB 939, enacted by the State Irgislature i! 1989, mandates sourca reduction of solid vastes lo prolong the life of existing landfius. The law requires each jurisdiction to prepare a compreheruive solid waste reduction plau" A draft element r"s completed by Compton in July 1991. The plan must enable Oe jurisdiction to reduce solid waste 25 percetrt by 1995 and 50 percent by 20@. The plall must iDcorporate a number of methods including source reduction, recycling and composting. Compton must complete, adopt, and implemeni a source reduction clemenl Irs Angeles Counly solid waste policies and programs are detaled b the Las Angeles Coul!, Solid Waste Marugemen Pla Vohne I. Conpton cooperates witb the Coutrt/s Plan iu reducing the amouat of waste produc€d in the City by establishing goals and policies that complemed the plan,s COWTON PWLTC FACII.TTTES ELEMENT GENEML PLLN DECEMBER 3, '991 provisions. The Southeast Area Integabd Waste Management Working Group, which includes ComptoD, anlicipates complering the AB 939 mandated Solid Wasle Reduction hogram before the end of 1991. INTERAGENCY COORDINAIION AND COOPERATION Many ol Compton's sewiccs are provided by agencies olher than the City. Also, in emergency situations, assistance from other agencies may be required. To facililate adequate and ellicient services, interagency coordinalion and cooperation are vgry imporlanl Existiug agreements include those witb surrounding fire protectioD, sewer, and water districts. These include tos Angeles County and surrounding cities. Services provided solely by another district include schoo\ librariel and flood prolection" These services are provided by The Compton Unified &hool District and lrs Angeles County respectively. COMPTON PWLIC FACILI|IES EI.EMENT GENERAL PI-AN DECEMBER 3 1991 PIJBLIC FACII.ITIES ELEMENT GOALS AND POLICIES The goals and policies contained in this Element focus on ersudng that adequate public services and ftcilities are available to City residents Providing strotrg goals atrd policy slatemenls is necessary for Compton so tbat esse ial services and facilities can be maintained or improned Many of Compton's lacilities are quite old atrd in need oI repln emenl The Cit/s public services have shown recent sitDs of significant imFroyenrenl Clear and concise goals and policies will help conlinue improvement of facilities and service& The following goals and policies are identified as either short-term (S), medium range (M), or long-range (L). Shon-term coven a frve-year period, medium range includes a Iive to lGyear pl,nnirg period, ald long-range indicates goals to be achieved over a 2}year time frar:re, or policies which represent ongoing City policies aDd programs. EMERGENCT SERVICtsS The pmvtion of safety and emelgercl services is vitally important to the City and is residens. Compton's police and fire services have improved in recent years, and fte City wil continue to strive for improved service. The following goals and policies work to achieve that goal. GOAL L0: Malntaln lmpmved levels of pollcg ire, a l other emergency s€rvlces h the Clty. Poucy L1(L)3 Periodically evaluate services and service criteria to ensure the City has adequate police, fire, and other omergengr seruces. Policy 12(S): Pursue state and federal monies to offset the cost of emergency seryices as available. Policy l3(M): Assess the impacs of inoemental increases in developmeut density and ralfc congestion on fire hazards and emergency response time, and ensurg thmugh the derign cowToN PWUC FACuXaES 4t FvtttT GENERAL PIr'4N 10 DECEMBER3ISI review procesE that trew developmenl will uot result itr reduced emergercy services below acceptable levels. Poltcy 1.4(M)! Establish an addilional fire station cast of Alameda Slreet. Policy lJ(s)r Continue to moperale with the Ias Angeles County Sheriffs Department, along with oiher nearby Police depanmentg to provide back-up Polic€ asistance in emergency situations. Poltcy L6(s)3 homote the use of defensible spa@ concepB (site aad building lighting, vtual obsen"ation of open space,s, secured areas, e1c.) iD project design to enhance public safety. Pollcy 1.7(s)! Require all new commercial and mulliple-unit residential development to install fire protection systems, a:rd encourage the use of automalic spriDlder systenxi, Pollry ffi(S): Enhance public awarenes and participatioa in crime preventior Develop new and expand existing educational programs dealing with penonal safety awarenesq such as neighborhood watch and commercial association watch/proteclion programs. QUALITY EDUCATION Cobpton is a lamily-oriented community with a large proportion sf srhnisally fivsrs school-aged children who are served by the Compton Unified School District Wbile overcrowding affects many of the schools whic.h serve Compton, no new facilities are plaraed. Improving and maiutaining services must be done though management of existirg lacilities. GOAL 2.0: Pmvide opportunltles for a quallty educsdon to oll resldents. Po[cy 2,1(5)3 Encourage the Compton Unified School District to provide improved seNices to an etbnically diverse City. COMPTON PWLTC FAALT|US UZAAUT GENEML PIAN 11 DECEMBER 3 191 Policy 22(S): Croperate with the Compton Unified School District when it expands or upgrades existing educational facilities. Poucy 23(5)3 Coordinate virh the Compton Unilied Sthool District in lhe development and utilization of joint school/park facilities. PolIcy 2.4(S): Encourage school distri.a employees to live in Compton QUALITY LIBRARY SERVICE Ubrary service is provided to &e City by the tos Angeles Coutrty Public Library slstem. The provision of adequate library facilities to City residents is importatrt to the overall quality of educalion- The City will work to maintail library services appropriate to adequately serye the Cit/s population GOAL 3.0: Cooperate wtth the Coulty of tos Atrgeles llr maintalning adequato llbrary facllltles to serye City rssldents. Poltcy 3.1(S)r Ideuriiy library service needs for the City. Poucy 32(5)3 Encourage services oriented to the ethnic populatiors who live in Compton- QUALITT WAIER AND SBWER SERVICE As Southern Califomia's demand for imported water grows, the consenation of water has be@me an importalt issug particrlarly durbg drougbt conditions. Waterconservation can be accomplished at local and regional levels. The following goal and policies are directed toward maiataining the level of quality wate! and wastewater sewice in the City. GOAL 4.0: Mahtaln a conslstent leyel of quallty water atrd serer servlces. COMPTON PWJC FAQLITIES ETZAAUT GENEML PI}N 72 DECEWER i 1991 Poltcy 4.1(S): Work closely with local water agencies in determining future area needs. Poltry 42(S): Idenri! and imflement water mnserration Proglallxi . Poltcy 43(L): Utilize reclaimed wasGrvater for irrigating public and primte lands wherever possible. Poltcy 4.4(S): Encourage rhe use of drought-resistant laadscaping to reduce overall City water use. Poltry 45(S): Coordinate wilh local water agencies the replacement of water and sewer facilities with other City capital improvenent projeds. PoltcT 4.6(5): Ensure lbat adequate water and sewer service is av'ailable as redevelopment occ'urs. STOBM DRAINAGE CONTROL Storm drainage facilities are provided by the City aud the I-os Angeles Couuty Flood Cotrtlol DistricL The City is a member of the Irs Angeles County Flood Control Assessment District, which is responsible for the maintenance of County flood control facilities. As the City ages, the replacemort of the storm drainage facilities will be necessary. The following policies are incorporated illto this element to eDsure that local facilities are maintained and replaced as needed. GOAL 5.03 Pmride trecessary rtorm alrahsge contml PoUc? 5.1(S): Coordinate Ilood control planning with I-os Angeles County Flood Control Dislricl Policy 52(M): Improve tbe existing storm draitrage srstem by correcling identifi ed deficiencies. Poticy 53(S): Develop a long-range program for replacing agiry drainage s)Etem components. Poltcy 5.4(S): Develop, adopt, aDd administer stormwater manegemeot regulations which have &e overall goal of COMPTON PWLIC FACILI?IES ELEMENT GENERAL PIAN 13 DECEMBER 3, 1991 mainlaining stormwater runoff to a level no greater than thal associated with increases in base flood elevations. CONTROL OF SOLID WASTE As landlills in Los Angeles County rapiclly reach their capacities and new landlills become increasingly more diffi(:Ilt to establish, the need to reduce &e solid lvaste geDeralion rate has become critical. Ircaf jurisdictions are now requted by Slate law to reduce wasle generated within their bound- ades lo decrease the mte at wh.ich local landli s are bcing Iilled. The City completed a draft Source Reduction and Recyding Element in July 1991. The following goals and poucies direcl the City in reductio& coDtrol, and managemgnt of solid $,astes. GOAL 6.0: Provlale necessary control of sollal raste geleratlor alrd dlsposal. Poltcy 6.1(5): Complete, adopt, and implement a solid,rraste recycling program as required by State legislatiou to delay the need for development ol trew landfill sites. Poliry 62(5): Work closely with lhe Couty of I-os Angelas in developing stategies and programs to reduce the volumes of solid wasle generaled in the City. Po[cy 63(S): Encourage waste reducrion, recycling and use of recycled materials wi&in City governmenl Po[cy 6.4(5): Encouage compostilg as an altemative to disposal for orgauic wates. Pottcr 6J(S): Encourage public education on litler coDtrol and indisciminate dumpiug. Polcr 6,6(5): Encourage community involvement in lilter clean up. Poucy 6.7(S): Assure public notificalion of legal disposal locations and collection sewice. COMPTON PWLJC PACIL.IIIES EI.EMENT GENERAL PI}N 14 DECEMBER 3 1991 INTERAGENCY COORDINATION AND COOPERATION Compton's public facilities are provided by the Ci!y, County, other public agetrcies, public ulilitie,! and private companies. Coordination arnong these diverse entities is impoiant to provide the higbest level of public services in an efficient maDner which does not duplicate efforts. GOAL 7.0; Pmvlde emchnt publlc servlces anil utlllties thmugb hteragercy coordloatlon ald coopsra0on Polcy 7.1(S)3 Noti$ o&er agencies of proposed actions and programs to permit coordination and cooperation" Poucy 72(5)3 Coordinate provision of related services and utilities wi& other agencies. Pofcy 73(S): Avoid duplicating services or utilities which are provided by another agency. COMPTON PWLIC FACII.TTIES EIEMENT GENERAL PI.AN 15 DECEIIBER 3, 1991 PUBIJC FACILITIES PLAN The Public Facilities Plaa conlains measures to eDsure that a[ adequate level of service for public lacitties is provided 10 mee! the Cit/s nee& In addition to providing adequate seryices and facilitie,s, the City is dso concemed wilh the long-term maintenance of &e inaasnudue. An importanl locus of ihis Public Facilities Plan is resourm conserv-ation as a means ol reducing the Cit/s uastewater and solid waste generation^ The policias conrained in this elemeni emphasize coordination wiih service providen so tha! new infrastructure is installed as developmen! occrls The CiVs facility plans provide lhe iechnical iuformation and master plaDs to insure the adequate provision of these faci[des. The mainl.enaBce of existing infrastructue is also emphasized as an i'lportant City goal. The Cit/s r "nd Use Element provides for public facilities under ihe Public Facilities land use designation Figue PF-1 illustrates the locations of public services in the City Figure PF-2 idenlifies infrastructure needs. The provision of these public facilifies are a result of coordiaation with the County aDd the local servica providers (e.g., school and waler agencief etc) 10 desiguate lands for the Fovision of needed facilities. EMERGENCY SERVICES Emergency services are vital to a cit/s well berng atrd reputation- Compton's image bas s:IIered iu thc past, eqpecially because of lbe Cit/s high crime rate. Recent improvements to emergency services bave been dramatic. The City wishes fo maintain i15 qr1en1 high lsysls of service. Law Enforcemelt The poucies of this elemeut call for the following measures to address oime in Compton: moaitoring levels of police service, continued cooperalion witb l.os Angelas County Sherills Departmen! altainment of outside fimding use of defensible spaco concepts in project desigr, and expanded commuity outreach/education in crime preventiou COMPTON PUBIJC FACILITIES ELEMENT GENERAL PIAN 16 DECEMBER 3, 191 a a a (o rLl Ill ImE .g20!!.€P g sE 3as tr 6 3 rg o ts ts N I 3 e e tP e. e'ro :' EI ll l! s F !ts 66i 6 SS.A $ ln ..1 c (o I \ g c uEgsEE I r$$ae$ g sFgs $f, rE s$ %AWE 7 o d r F r f. 'Tl o !, .TtT' o I ar gEHg 3 a. fi ! @ Bq o o*. i$ zo o EE o itd o i;[ $ i;;;[$;F E d 8d .o {i 5a, o E , OE E AI= E ut o 6 E [g E gE* E E iPEz 5 E+ T FEH O o 18 As with all public serviceq police proteclion depends upon adequate funding. To conlinue the successfi:l programs which have been initiated recendy, the City will conmit adequale funcls a:rd seek all possible sources of funds. tlre Pmtectlon Slandards nece,ssary for ensuring maximum fiie protection include peakload waler supply requirements, minirmtm road widtls ad clearances around structures. City codes ensure proper road vidtls and clearance for all tlPes of firc fighting equipment While tbe Compton Firc Department has indicated that there is adequale water pressure thrcughout the City, in certain areas of the City, fire flows are below curent fire departrnent standards. Hydrant upgrades and addirional hydrants for larger scale projecf will continue to be provided as necessary. The policies of tbis element call ior ongoing coordination with the Firc Deparlment to ensure the continued provision of adequate fire proteclion in the City. Because existiDg level; of lre service are adequate, the Cify will maintain the existing level of service standards identified i:r the Public Safety ElemenL QUALITT EDUCATION Compton's schools are maintained and operaled by the Compton Unified School District" Because the City has no direct conlrol over educational services, the Cit/s goals and policies stress coordination and cooperadon wilh the school district rather than dfued acrion- The City wiU contitrue to support the school distict in providing quality educational services to an e&nically diverse comnunity. One program which will benelit both schools and somy,nrnity is the joint use of school faciliries for public recreation" A program under which the City will assist wilh security and upkeep of iacilities will provide the City wilh much needed recreational facilities and assist the school dislricl with facilities maintenance. COMPTON P AB U C FACIl.f IZES ELEME NT GENERAL PI-AN 19 DECEMBER g 1991 QUAIITT LIBRARY SERVICE Lribrary services are also provided by another agency, the County of I-os Angeles Public Library rystem" The City will cooperale with tbe County in providing library seMces and assist when possible. The Cit/s Parlc and Recreation Department in partictlar will look for opportunities to v/ork with the County in providing rereational services. hograms for the Cit/s youth will be especially cacouraged. The City wi[ ortrance library services and programs by offering City facilities for use by library Fograms. The City will also enmurage joint use of school facilities for library programs. QUALITT WATER SERVICE Mos! of the water distribution lacilities in Comptou were installed long ago and are limited in capacity to sene the intensified redevelopment which bas occurred within Lhe community. Mosl of the Cit/s aging pipelines are in the process of being replaced. Water distribution facililies nust be adequate to provide waler pressure suitablc for fire protectio!" The City's fire {low requiremcnts are the lollowilg: 1.. For residential projects, 1250 gauons per minute at 20 pounds psr squsre inch residual pressure for a two-hour duration and up to 3,000 gallors per minute al 20 pounds per square incb for a three hour duralion 2. For commercial and industrial project& 5,@0 gallons per minule al 20 pounds per square inch for a five hour duration The policies conlained in this element emphasize support for coordilation between lhe water agencies" upgrading of aging aud uadenized water distributiotr s),stems, and water conserv"alion" The following programs will be pursued to implement the goals and policies. As conditions of developmenl, the City wiU rcquire developen, including the redevelopment agency, to upgrade COMPTON PWLIC FAdLINES EI.EMENI GENERAL PIJ,N 20 DECEMBER J 1991 lines which serve the development and conuibute to the upgrading of tines which are impacled by the developmenl Additionally, the City will schedule all improvements to the E61em in a capital improvement Fogran" The City wiu also encourage tbe mnsolidadon of the various water agencies in the City. When feasible, the city rxiU incolporate oitrer agencies into &e Compton Muaicipal Waler Districl QUALTTY SEWER SERVICE The Citt's Sewer Master Plau plans lor im|rovements 1o thg Cit/s sewer s)$tem. The City will improve and expand sewer facilities in conformance with the Sewer Master PlaD" STORM DBAINAGE CONIROL The 1985 Plan for Flood Confol and Water CoDservation prepared by the County ol ks Angeles Departmenl of Public Works shovrrs existing County drainage facilities, existing systems maintained by others, and areas where additional rlrainage is needed within Compto& iuustrated iD Figure PF-Z Drainage needs have been identified primarily ir the central atrd northern ponion of the City. The City contains no da.nrs, debris basins, or spreading grourds. Poticies in the Public Faciliries Element call for the development of a long-range program for replacing aging srstem componen8, and for adoptiou of stormwater mrnrgement regulalions. This would be done as a cooperative effon be$een lbe City and County. Where capital improvemen6 are require4 the respeaive agencies will improve their own facilities. The City will implement several specific programs to encourage improved storm drainage in Crmpion Developen will be required to coordinate with the County Flood Co rcl Districl and conlribute to drainage improvements whicrh are impacted by their project The City wiU also encourage, and require x,heo feasible, the use of permeable materials for &ivewayq steet paving, and other uses that requirc paved surfaces. Iarge areas of unpaved land wiU also be COMPTON PWLIC FAAUNES ELEMENT GENEML PI.AN 27 DECEWER 3, 191 encourageq and required when feasible, to permit more percolation of water into the grouad. This includes Compton Creek and Los Angeles River ro provide better drainage, more groundwaGr recharge, and more open space. CONTROL OF SOLID WASIE The City will implement the Countt's Solid Waste Management Plan In order to ftrlly participate in this countywide effort, the City will coordinate with tbe County to allow for the provision of recydiag disposat facilities that are convenie b the Cit/s residenls and provide for the donation of all recrclable materials. The City wiu also adopt and implement a Source Reduction and Recycling Element (SRR), Some of the programs featured by the County Solid Waste Management Plan and the Drafr SRR Element (July 1991) are summadzed below. One program which is expected to diverl over 12 percent of the Citt's solid waste is a curbside recycling program" The City will encourage its current waste haulers to implemerl such a program. ff they do no! the City will request bids for suci servicr. For multi-family, commercial, and industrial areas that do not receive curbside collectioD, the City will place dropoff stations for recyclable material in convenient locatioDs throughout the City. The City wiI also encowage building desigos which foster the collection and storage of recyclable materials. In addition to tbese programs, the City witl promote education of conservation practices and needs induding those practices and policies contained in the SRR Element The SRR ElemeDt prescribes policies and programs that include source reductioq recycling composti:rg; and public education COMPTON PWJC FACII.TIZES EI.EMENT GENERAL PI,IN D DECWBER 3 1991 CITT OF COMPTON GENERAL PI,AN URBAN DESIGN EI,EMENT December 3, 1991 TABLE OF CONIENTS Setdon Page Introduction Puqrose and Focus of the Urban Design Element 1 Related Plans aud Programs 2 Urban Desiga Element Issues Identification Deteriorated Sfip Commercial Corridon J Need for Improved l,andscapiag 3 Single-Famity Neighborhood Enhaacement 4 Urban Design Element Goals and Policies Promote Quality Urban Design The Urbar Design Plan 8 A Visual Theme for Compton 11 Visual Theme Elemena 72 Architectural Design Review 18 Iandscape Desiga Criteria 30 COMPTON URBAN DESIGN EI.EMENT GENEML PTJIN DECEMBER j 1991 LIST OF FIGURES llglle Page UD1 Urban Design Issue Areas 9 v>2 Typical Enty Treatment 10 uD3 Mission Arcrhitecture 13 uD4 Decorative Features 79 IJD5 Facade Treatments a uD6 Landscapiag 25 IJD.1 Walls and Integrated Signage 29 COMPTON URBAN DESIGN ELEMENT GENERAL PI,IN DECEMBER 3, 191 INIRODUCUON To TIIE I]RBAN DESTGN EI,EMENT The Urban Desigl Element provides policy statements and guidelines directed loward improving the appearance of C,oI!lpto!" Inclusion of this elemenl in the General Plan represenls a strong commihent on the part of City decision makers to enhan.ing Compton's quality of life aad overall rmage. An Urban Dasiga Element is dissetionary in that it is not required by State law. Unlike the required clements of a general plan, the City is free to define the scope and content ol disaetionary elements. The Citys built-oul condition does not require overly-ambitious urban design plans to alter the Cit/s character or change the basic nature of existing districts. The challenge is to work with oxisting asssts, and foqrs on the positive aspecs of rhe Cit/s identity. hlormation presenrcd in this glenggt is derived-in part fro'l an urban desigl sludy preparcd in 1990 by Rai Oltamoto, Architecture aud Planning. PIJRPOSE AND FOCUS OF TIIE URBAN DESIGN ELEMENT The purpose of this element is to prcserve and eBhaBce lhe positive aspecb of the City (for example, established neighborhoods and laudscaped steets), and to eliminate less desimble asperts of the City, such as trash-Iiued mcant lols and the monolonous facades of strip @mmercial ateas. Urban design policies and standards are intended to work in concert *,ith Comptorr's overall land use, zoning and economic develoPmeni plrnning Plocesses. This element focr:ses on two aspecls of the community: l. Impwing En$hg Conditions - Specific policies are directed at tash cleanup, removal of sig.age nol rr.eeting City mdel redirection of gnf[ti painters fiom vantlalism to anistic qpressioq and fillirg in pothole! in the streea. Also included are policies foorsed ou improving residenrial Eeighborhoods through active parkway and strest tree programs, and giving priority to housing COMPTON T]RBAN DESTGN ELEMENT GENEML PTAN DECEMBER 3 1,1 programs which result in Oe repair aod improvement of existing housing units. Z Eiahlistunat of Gdileba fo Nat Danlopnat - Specific aspecls of the element include site planning and desigB criteria, lanalscaping parking and signage, and design theme concepa. The Urban Design Technical Appendix conrains several design theme concepts appropriate to Compton These themes are htended to serve as a sour@ of inspiration lor developers. REI.d]ED PIANS AND PROGRAMS As privately iniliated and publicly sporsored rcdevelopment aclivities ocrur over the coune of timg focused development plans, such as specifrc plans or planned developmenls approved via the rezoning procesq will define specfic design features to be inmrporated into a new developmenl These qpecial plals will reguliate urban design on a Fojecl by projest basis. The Cit/s redevelopment plans in panictlar will define the architectural, lanclscaping and other design features which will be used in projects wit}in redevelopment projecl areas, COMPTON I]RBAN DESIAN ELEMENT GENEML PLAN 2 DECEMBER 3, 19,1 I]RBAN DESIGN ELEMENT ISSUES IDENTTTICATION Major issues relarive to u$an design are as follows: DETERIORATED STRIP COMMERCIAL CORRIDORS Much ol Compton's commercial developmenl is organized along major tboroughfares, These commercial streets are ttro most visfule parl to the Citys environmenl, and as a result are a critical aspect of the Citt's image and c.haracter. The older mmmercial buildings are most often buill up to ihe front sidewallc, and are oriented to both pedestria.rs and automobile traffc. Many of lhe older developments lack parking while others provide parking 10 the side or rear of the building, The Cit/s newer comnercial developments are built in the pattem of suburban shopping facilitiel vith parking lots placed in the front of buildings, between the building and the streel. This patlern, when adjacent to older development, oflen produces a disjoiDted effect that Ceates aB incompalibility between uew and old. Regional and national social and economic trends bave eroded the spending power of local residents. These &ctors, coupled with cha:rges in shopping pattems favoring 'one stop shopping,' have reduced the viability of retail shopping streets. The result is lracani store fronts, empty trash fiUed lots, marginal uses, and retail spacc used for non-rel.ail pu4>oses. NEED FOR IMPROVED I"ANDSCAPING A aumber of the established neigbborhoods in Compton have extensivg mature street lrees. However, the City lail$ a @mpreheDsive and coordinated program for public laadscaping- The need for a landscaping program is cowToN URBAN DESIEN EI.EMENT GENERAL PI.4N DECEMBER 3, 1991 important given the Citt's built-out corditioa and the lack of opportunities for new public open space. Trees can help provide a feeling of open space, as well as a psychological benefit to reduce the impacts of urban density, raffic, ard noise. SINGLE.FAMILY NEIGIIBORHOOD ENIIANCEMENT The l:nd Use Elemenl desigDates single-fssily neigbborhoods for improvemenl I-and usg policy for these areas ssrve lo protgct the neigbborhoods from encroarlment of highor dersity development as weU as from commerrial and industrial uses. Strict enlorcement of land use conaols, regular street and sidevalk maintenance, quality public services, aad utilization of housing rehabilitation progams are needed to stabilize snd irnproyg ringle-fanily neighborhoods. COMPTON URBAN DESIGN ELEMENT GENEML PLAN 4 DECEMBER 3 1991 T]RBAN DESIGN ELEMENT GOALS AND POLICIES The goals and policies listed below focus on improvlag exlstiag conditions and providing guidance for future developmenl They are identified as either short-term (S) one to five yean, medium range (M) fiw to 10 yean, or long-range (L), indicating a goal to be achieved over a 20yeat period, or ongoilg policies and programs. PROMOIE QUALITT UBBAN DESIGN Re-cognizable, uailied urban design elements can work to improve the Cifs visual charaaer and Lo create a seEse of identity and !ace' in the communily. City decision makers have erpressed a stong desire to eniance Compton's iDage and appeara:rcr. Specfic policies are intended to promote quality design in colstruction projects, provide public improvemenls which strengthen commuaiE focus as well as enhance and stabilize residential neigbborhoods. GOAL L0 (S): Inpmye lhe C:tt rs lmage and appearance thmugh a comblnatlo[ of deslgn guldelhes ard reguladory publlc lnyestme , snd prlvate hcentlyes Polcy Ll (S)3 hepare a comprehensive uban design plan for Compton .i{1 s minimrrrn, the plan will include the following elemenB: o A detailed stree! lree program which establishes tree thomes for major roadways and residential streets. o A series of detailed entry treatments for m4jor madrmys entering the City. o Sfeet median tealment for major arterials. o Design and landscaping guidelines for key commercial and industrial business centen- COMPTON URBAN DESIGN ELWENT GENERAL PLAN 5 DECEMBER 3, '991 o Sign programs for major arterial street& Poltcy 12 (L): Vigorously implement the desigu provisions of the Conpton Redevelopment Plan, other redevelopment pmject areas, and associated land use regulatiors. Pottcl 13 (S)r Revise zoning ordinance provisiors related to on-premises and ollpremises signs to better regulate the number, placemen! size, and type sf rifnge f€rmitted. The regulatiors should encourage low-profilg noa-intrusive sigm. Pollcy L4 (s)r Establish new zo"i"g regulatioDs for residential districts which encoulage new projecls 1o incolporate quality architectural design, increased open space, special landsepe treatment" and similar amenities and design fealures. Poucy 15 (S)8 Revise the zonirg regulations to require increased laudscaping for all new development pmjecls. Emphasize street frontage landscaping as an important design elemeal. Pollcll L6 (M)s Work with rhe railroad to screen railroad rights-of-way from residential neighborhoods with a combinatiou of decoralive soutrd walls and complementary landscaping. Po[cy L7 (L)3 Esta.blish pedestriaa-&ieaclly commercial districts by requiring, where appropriate, new commercial developments 1o build along stree! Aontagsg placing surface parking lots behind the buildings. Poltry m G)8 Require commercial and iudustrial loading areas to be screened from street view and adjacent non- coomercial and industrial uses. Policy 19 (L): Improve and upgrade freeway landscaping aad sound walls. Poticy 1.10 (M): Work with the Southern California Rapid Transit District to improve landscaping and buffering along the Blue Line corridor. COMPTON T]RBAN DESICN EI.EMENT GENERAL PIJ'N DECEMBER 3, 1991 GOAL 2.0(M)3 Eltmtnate bfgbtlng co Udons anal nelghborhooil ileterloradon (Xtjmlde to achleye atr lmproyed urban e[YlmnmenL Po[cy 2.1M)3 Focus atlention on rebuilding and revitalizing older sectiors of the community. Polle, 22(L)r Continue to implement existing redevelopment plaoq and adopt nsw platrs as necessary to faciutate revilalizalion Poltc, 23(L)! Use Community Developmeal Block Granl, redevelopment set-aside, and olher funding sources ouuiued iu tbe Housing Element to finance bousing rehabilitation progmms. Poncy 2.4(L): Maintain a strong code eDforcement prcgmrr, and provide mde enforcement slalf wi& adequate resources to ensure mde violations are corected Citywide. Pollcy zs(s)! Eslablish strong grafrti clean-up pmgrams for all area of the City, aud develop programs to redirect the activitie,s of graffifi painten. Poucy 2.6(M)! Maintain a strong effort to abate non- conforming on-site signage. Pollcy 2.7(M): Remove poorly lo€ated or designed billboartls as a method 10 reduce visual bligbL COMPTON ARBAN DrlJGN ELEMENT GENERAL PIJ'N 7 DECEMBER 3, 1991 TIIE TJRBAN DESIGN PI,AN Compton has ideatified a rcal need to improve the physical appoarance of its commercial strip corridon (Rosecrans Boulevar4 Compton Boulevarq Alondra Boulevar4 Long Beaci Boule r( and portions of Wilmington Avenre), as well as Belle VerDon Acre$. Redevelopment prograDs ard code eDforcemen eI[orB r iU work to correct code violations for signage, lanabcape maiDtenmcs, and buildings in di$epair Citywide. However, if comprohersive aeslhetic improvemgnts are 1o be a.higvs4 st9ag91 measures iD lhe form of derign guidelines may be required. The City wil establish design guidelines or an urban design plan for portiors or all of Rosecrans Boulevard Compton Boulevard, Aloldra Boulevar4 and l,ng Beach Boulevar4 panicularly in the City gatcw:ay areas. The guidelines will describe public and privale efforts necessary to improve &e appearance and fuaction of these imponant commercial areas. The guidelinas may be separate from or incorporated into a Citywide urban desiga plan or redevelopment plan" Because Compton is largely built out, with a well-defined circulation system, urbau design improvements need not be of a grand scale nor overly ambitious to achieve a c.hange in the Cit/s visual character. Simple, yet effectivg improvemenls can include clearly identifrable entry statcments; use of street tree prograns to utrify residential neighborhoocls and business disficts; provision of coordinaled, thenatic lighting landscaping and street furnilure improvements in pedestrian districts; and siga and desig[ controls along mmnercial corridon. Figure LID-1 illu$rates where urban design improvements wiU be used to strengtheu community identity and enhance Compton's overall appearance. Major entry statements will be established and maintained. These statements may take the lorm of monument signs (Figure UD-2), wall sigDs incorporated i o buildings, pylons and/or special lanclscape treatments. On less traveled streets, smaller 'Welcomc to Compton' signs may be placed. All entry treatme s should be linked thematically, tying into an overall wban design plan or image statemeut for Compton Street irees have been planted along the major arterials, both al. curbside and within median slrips, bu! a comprebensive plan is required to promote uniform spaciag, use of appropriate tree species, atrd steet tree plaating stralegies in residential neighborhoods. COMPTON ARBAN DESTGN BLEMENT GENEML PI./'N 8 DECEMBER J, 1991 a a t t\, !l oi!1, m' 3 zm { EHE g.uEa:D o 1, H gB tr *.P B 3 , c11 o=aq' ZffiffiE rai >t! 'I O fi Uc HE 8 T 1 (, nr>ItI f,C mM sdi tfrNd4eNf ENtRy ,q^l Compton Genoral Plan lztstsl a Figure UD-2 Typical Entry Treatment t0 To increase landscaping within pdvate development, the City will develop detailed landscaping rcquteDrenls for all new projects. In partictlar, intedor parking lot lardscaping and lantlscape bullers between parking areas ard slre8t rights-of-way will be integrated iuo development projects The area fronting the Blue Line corridor has been identifed oa Figure UD 1 as a'landscape focts area.' The Rapid Traasit Distric! which operales the Blue Lirc, is in the proces of dweloping landscaping ad bufiering measuEs io improve the appearance of the Blue Lirc atrd shield it ftom adjacent residents. A VISUAL TTIEME FOR COMPTON The Issues Report on Alternative Urban Design Themes (Rai Okamoto, Architecture & Plao:ring, 1989) identified three clrltual sources as potenfial visual sty'es appropriate to Compton These were African, Eryptiaq and Hispanic dxign The concept ol a futurist &eme was also idenrifed during the course of a public worlshop. Review aad discrssion by community leaden resulted in the folloving recommendations for implementing the Urban Desiga ElemeDL Illustalions of conceptual adaptalioDs of lhe following themes are included in the Urban Design Tec.hnical Appendir The Futurist Theme The industrial area of Compton has undergone recent growth and promises ro continue Fowing. The new buildings are generally expresive of contemporaDr industries such as electronics, agrospace, biocbemical, and research and developmenl While mt futurist in the &eatrical sense, the archilecluie of such buildings is in sharp contrasl to the taditional fonns and malerials used in the construction of oarlier industrial. buildi'tgs. Adopting a futudst theme for projec6 in the emerging industrial area is higbly appropriato as Compton nears the 21st century. The Hispanlc Theme The impact of Hispanic European culure in the shap€ ad form of suwiving buildings and an should be seen in relalion COMPTON T]RBAN DESIGN EI.EMENT GENERAL PI.4N 17 DECEMBER j, 1A1 to those lative Sou& American cdnues which existed prior to rhe arrival of Columbus. The roots of a great number of Compton residena today are in Mexico and Central and South Anerica; &ereforg ary Hispanic theme should be idlueuced by pre-Columbian inlluences. Howwer, the most faniliar images of Hispanic cr{tue are those associated with missionary activities, the remainq of which may be found throughout California" Becalsc of tho historical association oI European missionaries wiih roadwayE it would also seem appropriate to focts this zone of inlluence along najor arterials such as Long Beac.h Boulevard. In addition, siDce the commercial development adja.ent to the Artesia Freerray is designed in this nanner, this precedent should be respected. Tlvo examples of Mission style archilecture are anached as Figure UD3. Ihe Ailcar-Eg[,tlan Ih€me The Issue,s Repon on Alternate Urbar Design Themes iUustates the fact that nalive Aftican arcLitectue and visual images possess a wide divenity, and ihus a single source is not appropriate. However, recent sclolanhip acknox{edges the inlluence of continental African desig! on the buildirrgs oi Erypl, panicularly those of indigenous or vemaclrlar nature, resulting in a vital aud striking syntbesis. The work of the arcLitect Hasan Fathy demonstratss an elfective combination of Nubian methods and Bgpti,n styles which could proviate an ellective and appropriate model for the visual theme and urban desiga of Compton's centml district, major shopping areas, and transit nodes. A distinctive and clear individual visual identity could resull VISUAL TIIEME ELEMENTS All visual theme eleme s are composed of architectural or urbau design elements sucrh as walls, windouin doors, roofq various decorative trealmenls, patterns of open lpace, systcms of weather proteclion, and the provision of safety or &e eflicient functioning of communiry or individual activities. These features are somewhat similar itr all cultures. Diflerences are what establish disfinaive cultural ideEtity. In each of the separate visual themes, the design review process should ascertain the consistency of project proposals riith the COMPTON URBAN DESICN ELWENT GENERAL PI,4N 72 DECEMBER 3, 1991 RAISED OR RECESSED INS{JLATED STUCCO PANELAREAS CET{ENT MATERIAIS MISSION STYTE RASED OR RECESSED INSULATED STUCCO PANELAHEAS CEMENT MATEFIALS MODIFIED MISSION STYLE Compton General Plan 1213191 Figure UD-3 Mission Architecture 'r| appmprialg desigri fealures. Guidelines fol these feabrcs are described and illustrated in the following pages. Ihe Ftturfut Theme In general futurist imagery coDsists of smooth, glossy, reflective surfaces; prevaleDt use of glasE plastics, ad metal; a ma&ine-like precision in details; and an overall imptessioa of lightness. Now materials combining fberglass ard cemen! have been produced in panel format whictr give a masonry- like appearance and can be molded into an iDfitritc \rariety of shapes, These materials may be substinrted for meal exterioIs. Walls: Industial buildings iDtended fol researc.h and development aaivities or warehousing and oI[ces are generally low rises of one or two stories in heighl Buildingg of this type are inoeasingly found in the industrial area of Compton ard poiray the typical exterior ciaracteristics of similar development elsewbere in the Los Angeles region CoDstruction features the quickly ereded t t-up systems using precast reinforced panels to simultaneously form the structure aDd cladditrg of the building. A light sreel frame may also be clad wilh metal glass curtah walls or lightweight precast panels of concrete or olher cemenlious material The use of glass and metal most effectively imparts the futuist inagery. These cladding materials are also found in taller buildings. This should be kept ir mind since more intense development is expected iE ComptorL particularly a1 the tight rail stations and adjacent to surounding freeway interchanges. Architec,rurallX the metal and glass style would not seem to be compan'ble witb any of the cultural themes described in this repo( Ilc nalure of concrete would seem to be adaptable; however, since it can be readily formed to a vadety of shapes including lhose which ffeate patterni of ligh! and shadoq and the appearancr of masonry corstruclion Wlndowss I:rge *panses of glass eilher for vision oi cladding is also q"ical of a futurisl theme. This approac& if tes frequently used in combination with coucrete panel coDstruction Wiadow frames are usually dslailed so as lo produce a smoolh seamless overall flush surface resulting in little or no reliet and hence fulurist buildings do nor produce the play of shades and shadows fouad more frequently in COMPTON URBAN DESIGN EIEMENT GENEML PI,4N 14 DECEMBER 3 1991 traditional native stylss. In addilioD, the glasq is often heal re,sistant and tinteq renrlting in a dark exterior appearance. RooB: Generally, roofs aro flat in ths light industrial structues desigled with a futurist imagery; bowever, variation may be ac.hieved by the use of skylightq well-organized placement of mechanical or utilitarian appurtenances, or the rhythmic and systematic spa.ing of long span structural members such as vaulls or lrussqs. Materlals: A futudlt image also suggests speed by virtre of the smooth, glassy, and Irictionles sudaces. This imprassion is conveyed by aa emphasis on such rnaterials as girss, stainles sleel porcelain-enamelled netal aluminum, and plasfic Rougb textured concrete ol course does not. pmduce the same eifect. Colors: A futud$ thems can be expected to exhibit neutral metallic colori a range of factory applied hues of greal variely, or, if conaretg ils Datural color or various colon impregnated during the precasting process. Ianilscape and Open Space: Industrial parks by their very name suggest 8, lypical character of land development Buildings are site planned to achieve a campus-like settin& and open space is used to miligate the impression of indu*rial activig and to serve as employee amenities in the form of rest and recreation areas. hndscape is also incorporated to establish a corporatc identity. An impression of low density is an appareat goal in recent industrial developmenb. Ricbly Iandscap€d plaus and ihe use of public an can be expected. Strs€t Flrniture: Erterior sfeet equipment such as benchss, lighring information kiosls, tra{fic signal& and safety and security devices should be designed consiste wth the architectural design style of the building(s) with which they are associated" In the case of a de{ined disrrict, establisri"g a design standard for public safely elements and signage may be appropriate. Eth c-Ctltural Themes The City of Compton seels to establish a visual theme for the City to slrenglhen its image and identity and to provide a framework for evaluation of design proposals brought to the COMPTON ,15 URBAN DESIGN ELWENT GENER,4L FIAN DECEMBER A g1 City for approval. In additioq improvements will be undertaken by the Redevelopment Agency of CoEptoD, the desigu of which should reflect the preferred visual theme and serve as model for subsequent work Since the iEitiation of the General Plan Update, couiderable discussion and dsbate has centered on this major u$an desigE issue. C.onsensus has beea reached giving priority to e multi- cularal theme that foqJses on ihe Citt's corc area aloDg Compton Boul€'vard and -ajor access points a1 the new transit statiors. This visual theme is to rellecl ths Aftican aud Egrptian heritage of many Comptol resider.ls. CoDseDsus has also been reached b give expressio! to the Mexican and Central and Soufh Americaa heritage of the second major residential group in Compon heference has been expressed for a linear zone along Long Beach Boulevard and the emerging commercial retail area of the new hotel. A theme based on ethnicity and oltuial rools must avoid the artifrciality and contrived design found in commercial recreation settings where novelty and superficiality seem essential to business success. The rccrealional nature of shopping has been recognized by entepreneun who provide shoppen witb the visual excitement of colorful displays and specialty otrerings. The line be8reen ihe artiicial and the genuine is a fine one iu terms of urban design The general plan sbould focus on those elcmens which will be relarively permanent and create seltings for changing elemenB. For examplq open air markets, plazaq arcaden and market halls aro historically places for community shopping and are found itr the ancestral settitrgs of most of CoEpton's ethnic groups. These architeclural forms allow for flexibility and freedom in the display ol goods and services in response to the buygrs' interesls and the proprietors' ingenuity. Steet facad$ whic.h provide for sun protection by deep roof overhangs or arcades would be continuing a pattem fourd in lhe topical ard semi- tropical regions of Compion's atrcestors. The Multl-Ethtric Theme The charactedstics of the multi-ethnic &eme would be as follows: lYalls: An appearance of rhicknes with reLarively smalt recessed windows is desirable. Construclion could be o{ wood COMPTON ARBAN DESIGN ELEMENT GENERAL PI,IN 76 DECEATBFR 3191 Aame with slucco sudaces, coLcrele, or stong or masoffy units. Tile could be used as a fitrish material Contemporary cementious materials may also be used Freestanding uxals on the propefy constructed to achieve security or prirary should be of similar materials. Painted wlought ircn or steel may be used. Planted materials in a hedge format may also be used. Wlndows: Windows would be generally sin,ll and recessed to cleaG shadov/s as protedion against the sun Rool overhangs or pergolas or olher sunscreening devices may be pmvideal Solar glass nay be provided subject to desiga review approval. Display windorn may be large if set in an exterior wall screened by a pergola or other device to avoid a continuous glrss storeftont appearance. Residential picirre wiadoq/s oi sliding glass doon should only be designed as paft of a sunshaded outdoor Grrace or palio. Rmfs: On low-rise buildings, deep overhangs should be provided to ac.hiwe sunshades in the traditional mamea Both flat and sloping roofs are acceptable for low-rise buildings. Tradilional clay tile or appropriate substitutes suctr as coDcrete as used on sloped roofs in historic settings could be used today without risking an appearance of anifrciality. Materlals: For low-rise buildings, wood frame, as is present day practice, is acceptable, An exterior masonry appearance could be simulated if masonry is not the basic construction material by applying a stucco finish o! urasonry veneer. Paving should be brick or tile pavers or precast cemenlious or asphalt units. If concrete must be useq il could be finirhed wi& exposed aggregate, scribed ro a pattem and provided wi& integral coloring. ColoEs In general, light colon and $,hite or pastel tints are preferable to dark hues. Eanh tones could be acceptable subjecl to design review approval. Metal trim such as door or window frames, grilles and fences should be Iinished in color. Murals s[d decoratiye pattertrs: To enhance the qualities of etbnic &emeq the use of color in bold raditional pattems is encouraged in mural formal Such usage is found in both Hispanic and African rraditions. Transformation of these ancient uaditions may provide a way of adaptitrg the work of gralliti into formas beneficial to the community and whicb could create a powerful visual meaas of enhancing community idenlity. These artisric faditions also offer an opportu:rity lor COWTON URa,.N DESIGN EI.ANENT GENERAL PIJIN 17 DECEMBER i, 19,1 multi.cultuml expression Figure UD4 shows some exa::rples of decorative fgatures. Ianilscaper Specix should be selected for appropriateness to rhe prevailing climate. General adherence to this principte sbould produce an appearucr co$istent with the setecred etbnic visual theme. Refer also to the discussion on landscape later in this elemenl Street Furnltur€ atrd Equlpmens Capital budgets permitting sE€t lamps should be installed whic.h ale specitrcally designed for Compton Olher iteEs such as benchcE public stDage, Eansil kiosks, vending nachinel and tafiic stgnals should be similarly desigoed. Iamp supports could be conqete or, if metal painted an appropriate color as described above. Open Spaces: The patter& location, and design of open spaces will contribub rc the creation of a visual lheme. From the perspective of the long range pla4 a perceptible pattem of open spaces should be created. This can be accomplished by the systematic acquisilion of open spaces a1 localions of high q66d and of localions regularly spacad lhroughout the City. Ilus, the City could develop an image of open spaces as one moved through the City with a resultaat open space or park-like &eme. Development of private opeD spaces ir residential or business districts should be required by specific zoning contols. ARCIIITECTTJRAL DESIGN REVIEW Design review in the couse of granting a building permit ir a key means of implementilg the goals, objectiveg and specific imprcvements of the urban desiga plan In the course of preparing the plaq a suruey of 12 adjacent mmmunities was made considering 40 different design leview criteria The following recommendations are proposed based on this survey. Recommendatlons Bo8rd Membershlp! Curren0y, Iive clmmillee membels are paid City staff. Seryice on the Design Review Board (DRB) COMPTON T]RalN DESIGN ELEMENT GENERAL PLAN 18 DECEMBER 3, 1991 CEMENT PAVING MATEFIALS IN VARIOTJS PATTEFM} MUMLART Complon Gsnoral Plan 12/3191 Figure UD-4 Decorative Features 19 is voluntary, No additional compersation is received for this seru@, Al least one member of the DRB should be a pmfessional architect In addition there should be a landscape architecl Nominations for these positions could be made by the ueares local chapter of the Americatr IDstitute of Arctritecls aEd the American Society of I-andscape Architecls. The boards of these organizations may be able 10 provide supplemenlal ad hoc desiga assistance on a slstematic, pm bono basis. In some cilies, this approach has been efrective where the municipality bas been unable to provide adequate tec.hnical sta$. Such a group would be advisory wirh final decisiorrs being made by the appropriate City tlecision makers. In order m avoid iie voles, an odd number of members i! advisable. Deslg! Ctlterta! Erdicir desig! criteria are discussed elsewhere in the plan- Refer in partictlar to tbe Visual Theme seclion" It addresses major design featurcs such as fte preferred visual tbeme, height, bulk selbacks, signage, lardscape standards, appropriate materials and colors, aud environmental facron affecting design Authodty of the DRB: Approval by the DRB should continue to be a maDdatory requirement of the issuance of a building pelmit. Appohtment to the Boardr The City Council should make appoinlmenls 10 the board. Bstance of Boaral Membershlp: The DRB sihould be policy orientd pursuing a coune of review which wil increase the likelihood for improved urban and architeclural des&r in Compton- A majority of lay professional membe$ i reconmended. City staff technical input may be provided in lhe form ol a technical advisory committee without coDcern for the design aspecls of a projecl Compensatton for DRB SeMce: Parricipation by public professionals could be erhaaced by provisiotr of a modest honorariun:. This amount varies widely and iu some cities is tokeE" Compton should determine wbat is reasonable based on its t,?ical work load and the Dature of anticipated projecB, Quallfcadons: Qualilications of prospective DRB memben should include architectural and urban pla:rning orpenisg COMPTON ARBAN DESICN ELEMENT GENEML PLAN 20 DECEMBER E 191 klowledge of social factors !n urban desigp, and sensitivity to elhnic and cultural issues. scope of DrJtgD Revt€lr: The scopo of the DRB includes the q/pes of pmjects listd below. o All redevelopment project& o Relocated buildings. o Projects in special areas to be determineal o All mixed use pmjects. o New or alEred commercial projects. o Awair$ and facades in commercial areas. o sl8!age: Type, size, locatio4 colors, iluminaiio4 animation- o Parking arcas, includbg trailer parls ard truck yards. o Auxiliary struclures and meclanical appunenances attactred to the exterior of buildings or located on any site. o f,)ump, iunk, salvage, and storage area& o lUumination of buildings and sites. o Public art, including murals. o Walls a:d fences. o lrndscape povisiors in or facing the public right-of{ay. o Housing tacls. o Individual houses in special arcas to be chosea o Industrial parks. o Utililarian struclures such as power poles or electrical suppora. COMPTON T]RBAN DESIGN EI.EMENT GENERAL PI,IN 21 DECEMBER J 1991 Deslgn Gdale||ms Bull llng Orlentatlon and Facade Treatuent CoDmercial aad industrial buildingr should be oriented so that parking and truck service areas do uot face the public right-of-way. Short-term parking for visiton may be located close to the street bul the basic urban design objective is to reduce or eliminate the visual impacl of parking. Windowless facades should be yniniynized to avoid bleak and uninteresting walls Unbroken orpauses of Ilat, uarelieved surfaces should bo avoided. Variations may be modents setbaclG; use of pilasten at regular interyals; stralegic location of mecha:rical uility featEes; changes in materialq tgx[Ires, or colors; and carefirl use of signs. Retail commercial buildings should be placed so that ihe grealest amouDt of visual aaivity is evident to the pedestrian" Goods and services should be clearly displayed and oriented to produce a Uvely facade. Facades should be designed to reflect the preferred visual design theme for the street oI district Figure IrD5 shows ar example of various facade lrealmenls. Where feasible, interior arcas dedicated to the fabtication or assenbly and packagiug of goorls and materials should be placod so that tbey are visible to the passerby and add inrcrert to the streel Parldng and Clrculatlo Curb cuts into commercial or indu$rial proporty should be ke to 4 rninimnm fuildiag orientation and required parking should be coorilinated so thal these uses are not visually dominant features on the streel Parking space standards should reflect the increasing use of compact carq motorcycles, scooters, and bicydes. Parltug StaU Strlphg: Demarcatiotr of parking spaces should be legible and lhe areas dhould be adequate but not overly generous. Use oI three dimensional markers such as bollards, fences, and dre stops is eucouraged. These devices offer opportuddes to display the visual theme of Comptotr- Iandscape Orletrtatiotr: In general latrdscape should be orieuted in accord with tbe demands of tbe species for sunlthl and its suscepribility to &e prevailing wind. The use COMPTON AREAN DESIGN ELEMENT GENERAL PI"4N D, DECEMEER 3 191 MODULAIION OF FACADE TB(TL,REO SUHFACES SIJN CONTROL SUN CONIROL DEVICE DBUICE Compton Gonoral Plan 12tSt91 Figure UD-S Facade Treatments 23 of varying specie.s as visual dues or information is eacouraged. For examplg certaiD types of thorny shrubs may convey the message of forbidden eDtry where a less obvious indicatiol than a fence is appropriate. Figue UD6 presents two examples of laudscape usage encouraged by the City. EqulpBent hcatlon: Gmerally, equipment should be located where il functioDs besl When its appearance or design would be incongruent with &o ovcrall eslhetics or urban design characler of the building serve( screons or enclosures should be provided. Where no visual conllict rerults, equipment may be exposed as an elemenl of visual interest and to f6t9r a fuller undentanding ol the workings of the City. Bo[ards: Bollads 8re encouraged for both frrncional ad urban desigrr purposes. They serve as barrien against the passage of Large and bully vehicles but allow penetration by humanr animatq and small vehides and carts. Generally made of durable materials, they suggest a level of permanence and security above &at implied by plant material They allov visual penetradon when some landscaps features do nol. Their location may be chosen simply to mark a bounclary, change of o*,ioerhip or territory, or tbe passage &orn one realm to another. They may also imply a hiemr(fiical .hrnge such as lhe social or inslilutional imponance ol lhat whic.h is behind the row of bollards. Pavhg: Paviug in commercial and industrial land use areas should generally be of had materials. A hierarc.bry may be imposed by the degree of permanence of material selectod when monumentalily or special signilicance is de,sired. This effecl may be attained by placement of materials such as granite or marble. Pre-cast coDcrete is aaceplable as a paving material in lieu of more cosdy natural stone. Asphalt is acceptable either poured-in-place or placed as moddar blocl& In lhe latter forma! it may be used to produce decorative pafierrs. Differenl patlerns ol materials may be used to demark the paths of different g?es of traffrc. Trash Enclosurrs: The location of trash recepacles awaiting collection should be inconspicuous from &e public right-of- way. Tbey sbould be convenie a:rd accessible to the collection vehicles and posirioned so as to avoid circdalion conllicts. Assuming a regular and corsistent mllection s)tstenr, mobile enclosures may be allowed in the right-ofri'ay temporarily pending prompt collectio!" In this casq COMPTON TJRBAN DESTGN EI.EMENT GENEML PIJN 24 DECEMBER 3, 191 STHEET TREES ASSOCIATED WITH SOUTHWEST AND HISTOEC MISSION EFA 76a* :-f'-- HEDGES IN PLACE OF WALIS Compton General Plan 12t3t91 Figure UD-6 Landscaping 25 packaging of the waste should be done in secrre and standardized conlainers. 'ltralls snal Fences: o Materials Briclc Where used in commercial developmeat, brick wi&out structural modifcation does not lend itself as easily to large display windows as metal construction techdque,e. It is also not inherently seismically sound wi&oul reirforcemenl Because it is a material related 10 adobe and other masouy materials which were in use historicalt bdck is appropriate as a nrans of expr*sing the visual themes described elsewhere iD thc reporl lrVood: For similar historical reasons, wood is applopriate wall or fencing material It is obviously less durable and must be rvell maintained to remrin attsactive whether painte4 stained or left !o weather naturally. It is also subject to easy vandalisrr" Approval of wood walls or fences facing the public right-of-way should be made with these mDstraints in mind. Metat (ko!, steel, aluminum, etc) Cast iron has historic anteceden6 in the architecture of the southwest Mexican-American era" Frequently decorative in fom, iron was used in fences, gates, doors windorvg grilleq and hardware. Metals such as alurninun (natural or amdized) and factory enameled metals are frequently associated with commercial and industrial uses. They are subjed ro a wide variety of shapes and forms and should be judged in the context of lhe chamcter of adjacent propenis& e Height The preferred height for walls and fences faci'tg 1he public right-of-way is a function o{ pri cy and secudty and easy visibi[ty of the goods and services in retail areas. Excesive height may result in a sense of a dosed and unlriendly community. Six feet maxirnum may be corsidered a compromiso heigbt Average human eye level is 53' so that an awarBnes of aclivity beyond lhe wall is sill possfule. COMPTON URB/4N DESIAN ELEMENT GENERAL PI.AN 26 DECEMBER 3 1991 Builillng Deslgn Technlqux: o Basic hinciples Basic principlas of design have remained the same thmughoul the history of architeclure. All well designed buildiugs are expeded to meet lhe thrcs lesls of structural soundness, functional efficiency, and visual altractiveness. In Califomi4 structural sourdness has special meaning dug to occlrrsnce of earthquakeg and the need for seismic protection Functionality may be subordinated to the demand of structural soundness. Visual alractiveness lray be sacrificed to these two factoB or tbe limils of costs. Cost limitatioDs do not nec$sarily preclude good desigD, however. Arclite€-ural revielv caq without imoring safety and el[ciency, act to improve the urban and arc.hitectural design of the City of Compton- Foundations For all types of construction, commorcial or residentia[ foundations are t)?ically underground and therefore not a visually importa:rt aspecl ol the builditrg. Hor,ever, on sloping siteE a foundation may be visible and require more than an uclinishe( 'ray/ treatment 1o be pleasing to lhe eye. Concrele may be readily treate4 shaped and formed to achieve enhancemenl Walls Comnercial or industrial exterion are often 'curtain walls" ol metal or precast masonry panels attached to a basic steel frame. Recendy, a system ol'tillup" conslruclion made of precasl concrele parcls lifled ad attached lo a steel or conclete frame has become prevalenl Both systems allow for a choice of colors a:rd surface textues. Glass, both for vision or opacity, can be incorporated. IBdusl.rial structures do not typically require exterior vision glass but rely on interior lighting as a part of aD overall integated mecbanical qptem- A design issue may arise based on the extent of long unrelieved blank rmlls facing the public right-of-way, In &e case of glass clnain walls, this effecr may be aggravated by the COMPTON ARBAN DESIGN ELEMENT GENERAL PIJIN DECEMBER E t991 reflectivity atrd possible glare. The slick surfaces express a degree of modernity consistent lvith the futurist viguat theme described earlier. Therefore, rnoderate use of refleaive glass on exterior walls ir rccormended only for industrial and commercial buildinga An exampls of decorative walls wilh iotegrated signage is presented in Figure UD7. \Vindovr An iDlinite variety of windows may be proposed for alDost eny desigo. Windows should be consistent with the appropriate visual theme for the area in whic.h the project is proposed. In general, the oJlural visual theme alternative calls for smaller windows gxpressed as lunched openings" set in masonry or plain stucco exlerion wbere &e framing system of a building is not erpresed on the outer wall. In this case, a variety of spacing, placement, size, and details would be acceptable, A hallmark of modern design or the 'futurist iheme' is &e use of large single sbeets of glass. Smaller winclonrn are tyPically associated with older traditional architectue. The ellect oI smaller pattems could be one of greatei vizual richnes which may be appropriate in ar€as of igh pedesrian trallic rypical of commercial arcas. The use of small glass elements should be reviewed in relation to retail sigmge in order to avoid visual clulter or information'overload.' Roofs and Overbangs Roofs will derive their form from a combination of functional struclural, and aesthetic facton. The aesthetics of rool design should be reviewed by the DRB in relation to the appropriate visual theme. Induslrial and commercial building are likely to have horizontal roofs and reflect the usually open, flexible inlerior space. The flatnsss may be relieved by skylighB, ventilalion elements, or other mechanical appurtenance& The DRB should look to the artful placement and shaping of these elemenls as providiDg a potenlial for cnlivening an otherwise flat aud unrelieved plane. As more high rise buildings are built, roof surfaces of lower buildings bemme fifth facades viewed from above, and COMPTON T]RE4N DESIGN ELEMENT GENERAL PIZIN 28 DECEMBER 3, 191 l\0) AED !f (u )E,o.9 3@ CD E' gE iio B d ED Eo E o oo c c ; o E o- (E E oo L cl = ol 29 thet desiga becomas muc.h more importan Rat roof surfaces muld also serve as useable recreational open space when landscaped. Deep overha"g" are forns consisteat wi& the culnral visual tbemes that respond to impact of local climstic inlluences. Deep overhangs also provide amedty for shoppen and other pedestrians in lie retail areas. IANDSCAPE DESIGN CBITERIA Ircatlon of landscrpe Features Stdffalks: Street trees should be planled along sidewalc in the public right-of-way. Planting should be mandatory for all new development at projecl sponso/s expense and subject to approval by the Design Review Board. At least oDe trea per property frotrtage should be required. The DRB may maudate more irees when feasible. Maintenance of streel Eee.s shdl be the responsibility of rhe City of Compron; however, the property owaer shall be responsible for public safety mallels in Ao ofhis property. Shrubs and smaller plani materials sh,ll be located according to a Citywide landscape plaa. In genera! they may be locatod in street media.n slripq along qrbs, in places where they will enhance boundaries between public areas and private property, and iu public parls and open spaces according to previously approved designs. Prlvate Property: Trees on private property adjacetrt 10 a public tborougMare should be located in accordance with a landscape plan submitted and approved by the DRB as a requirement for a building permif Trees othet lhan those on the reconmended lisl may be proposed; however, proof of their suitability for tbe Compton environmsnt shall be submitted. Fiml approval will be made by the DRB. Shrubs and smaller plants are also encouraged on private property in acrordance with plans submitted for a building permil Small plants, flowers aDd vegetables would be allowed witbout formal approval. hoperty owners shodd seek guidance from &e City as to the general care and maintenance of plant species. These guidelines are not COM?TON T]RBAN DESIGN EIEMENT GENEML Pl24N 30 DECEMBER 3, 1991 inlended to prevent homeouners' efior6 1o enhatrca tho appeamrce and value of their property, but to encourage and guide lhe overall upgrading and intensity of the presence of nature as a mears of creating a slronger identity and image for Comptotr Compton Bollerard betweetr Acacla and Oleanalen As &e hcan of the business and civic area, this section ol the Boulevard should be given special urban design treatmenl In addition to those species generally recomrnended for Comptor, emphasis could be given to acacias as a firrther means of establishing the identity of the area by echoing lhe boundary street name. Althougb drought resislan! Oleanders are not suggested because of their poisonorE nature. Strlp Commerctal and Iralustrlal Areas3 Pending lhe ellects of amended zoning, new controlq and the impact of the visual theme implementation, latrdscape programs to achieve screening and beautilication should be impleneated iDmediately to obscuie the worst visual blighl Specifcall} the planting should render it impossible to see open storage areas, areas of general physical or visual disarray, buildings in disrepair, or blighted structures from the streeL This approach is essentially cosmetic and is not inlended to subslitute for well sited and designed projects in districts appmpriate to such uses. The Land Use Elemeal. of lhe General Plan would provide a basis for cooperative public and pri te action addressing both sides of the property lines in these areas. hoposed nw projecs in suip commercial areas should be reviewed and analyzed as to their appropriateness for tbe area or whether anolher location would be more suitable. Trailer Parks aral Moblle Home ArsBs: These uses should be treated similarly to slrip commelcial coridors The urbaa design objecrive is not to deny the presence of these homes as constitutilg neigbborhoods of equal importance to the clmmunity, but 1o improve their appearance and the overall seDse of visual order in Compton as a whole. New mobile home parls should be subject to DRB approval based on a landscape plan accompanfng other permit documents. Rlchland Farms and Tarlar Lane! These are uaique areas" having been the locarion of agdcullural activity until recen{y. COMPTON ARBAN DESIGN EI.EMENT GENERAL PDIN 31 DECEMBER 3, 1991 Their development pauem coErists of irregularly shap€d sites and inlormal platting. Streets are ofter wiihout c1lrbE suggestiug a ruial quality. Retention of rhis character is desirable to enhance the special image of these neighbor- hoods. Iandscape patterns should intensi$ their boundaries and individual features. mllowbrook Ayenue, Ught Ra Corrtalor, and Compt n Cr€ek These arsas are poteatial lircar parla. r a"dsczpe plans should be prepared and implemented as part of the light rail projecl in the cass of the frrst two. A separale public improvemenl project may be required lor the latter. A panicipalory effon involving the property owrcIs along Oe creek could be undertaken Opportunities lor joint public private partnenhip efrofls exist in all cases, but initialive must be taken by lhe City of Complor" Simple landscaping projects could be undertaken by youth activity programs for neighborhood betlermenl Gatemyr aul Ertrles to the Ctty: Idenriling the ardyal i o Compton by visual features is important to the overall eriancement of the Cit/s image. This becomes more important as the Century Freeway is completed aIld the light rail qatem becomes operalional. The syslem of fteewaF, arterials, ad rapid fansil provide logical locations lor enhancing ald creating "gatewala.' Public art works, special landscape treatment& such as clusters of special and distinaive trees, and lighfing could streDgthen the perception of an eDtry. Implementatlm of Ialdscspe Features Ass€rsment Dlstricts: Where a benefit to an abutting property owner may be demonstrateq the establishment of an assesment district may be desirable !o finance the irnprovement recommended. This approach is particutarly appropriate iD commercial districts where enlaucement of the business distdct is emnomically benefrcial to merc.hants and col)sumeI3. Redwelopment: The overall budget ol any designated redevelopment project should include the costs ol adequate lantlscaping in accordance with &e specific plan Such cosls may ultimately be recaptued by the trx inoeme method or COWTON T]RBAN DESIGN EIEMENT GENERAL P7'4N 32 DECE BER 3, 191 factored into the c.st of traDsferdng the laad to the prospective developer. As a Condlttotr of Approval: Public policy may be established $,hereby appropriate landscaping or other public anenity is made a condition of approval. Some cities have extended these exactions to include implementation or support for alfordable bousing, support Ior pubUc traDsit in amoults related to rhe anticipated inoease in ridenhip and service demand, and subsidies lor child care facililie.s to facililare working mothers' ability to fulfi[ job requirements, COMPTON T}RBAN DESIGN ELWENT GENERAL P]JIN 33 DECEMBER 3 1991 c ,L CITY OF COMPTON GENERAL PLAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ELEMENT December 3, 1991 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE Introduction to the Economic Development Element Purpose of the Economic Dsvelopment Element Scope and Contenl of Element EconomicDevelopme lssugs City GoveDrment J Socio-Demographic Factors 4 Sales Tax Revenue and Employment Opportunities 5 Business Ircatioa 6 Job Training 7 Economic Developmeut Stratery 8 Economic Development Element Goals and Policies City GoverDmert 9 Business Environment 10 Job Training 11 Commercial and Industrial Iand Use 72 Residential Development 13 Capital Formation 13 Regional Serving Dwelopment 14 The Economic Developrnent Plan 15 F'lh2nce ttre Cit/s Revenue Base 15 Amex Unincoryorated Iand 76 Develop a Business Development Program 77 Encouage Redevelopment and Improvement of Irnd 7'7 Audit Local Business Sales Tax 18 Audit Job Training Itograms 79 ECONOMIC COMPTON DWELOPMENT ELEIIENT GENERAL PIJ'N DECEMBER 3, 191 LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE ED-1 City of Compton Population by Age Group 4 ECONOMIC COMPTON DWELOPMENT EI.EMENT GENERAL PI,'N DECEMBER 3 191 INTRODUCTION TO TIIE ECONOl\1trC DEVELOPMBNT ELEMENT This element examines and evaluates &e opportunities, constnint$ and issues associated wirh the long-term economic development of Compton" Bcononic development opportunities, corsmia6, and issues are udlizod to help shape and evaluate general plan altematives and serve as a basis for fornulating the Economic Developmenl Element of &e General Plan PIJRPOSE OF TIIE ECONOMIC DEVEIOPMENT ELEMENT Tbe purpose of this Economic Development Element (EDE) is to formulate an Economic Development Plan whic.h can gUide and shape importa$ elemeats of Compton s economy, coDsistent with other elemen8 of the General PlaD. The formulalion of the Economic Deyelopment Plan was based upotr an exteNive analysis of curent development coDditioD& opportunities, and constraints within Compto!" This element ideutilies lhe economic fadon allecring &e City, presents the economic development goals and poucies, ard formulates the Economic Developmed Plian- SCOPE AND CONTENT OF TIIE ECONOMIC DEVEIOPMENT ELEMEI.{T The Economic Development Element is intended as a dynamic component of the General Plan- The element is directed at 3 wide range of emnomic issues tbat do not all need to be dealt with simultaneously, but at various stages of tbe community's evolution and even on a repetitive basis. Therefore, the economic goals aud policies are of such gereral nalule a:! 1o eucompass the directed scope of specfic initiatives described iu the Economic Development Plan, whenever and as often as they must be undertaken ECONOMIC COMPTON DWELOPMENT EIEMENT CENER,4L PI-AN DECEMBER 3 1991 The City htends to achieve, by aaively pursuing, four basic objectives as a result of statgd ecommic development goals, application of policieg and implementation ol program initiatiws: 1) Promote balanced development of resident sering and regional serving retail, commercial and industrial uses to eDsure sound fiscal health, diverse emplo).menl opponuaitieq and a vital local economy. 2) Srive to improve the coordination and development of commurig resouces to create a viablg local economy. 3) Aaively involve the busiDess community to asist in shaping and implemenriug econonic developmenl initiativee. ) Capitalize on market opportunities with significant eco- nomig c'tdtural. and social benefrts for the City and its residenls. ECC\NOMIC COMPTON DEI'ELOPMENT ELEMENT GENERAL PI,IN 2 DE(EMBER 3, 1991 ECONO1VtrC DEVELOPMENIT ISSI'ES The City of Compton has exporienced matry years of economic decliDe. A variety of local, Egional, and national lacton and trends have contributed to lhis. This section discnsses the rnein issues which contntute to o]rront as well as opportunities for growth in the Compton economy. CITT GOVERNMENT Dwing the past decade, lhe city govemEenl of Compton experienced severe limilations oD its ability to fund and provide for certaiD basic city reryices. This *"s due to its limited abiuty to raise greater revenues, as well as loss of General Revenue Sharing, to support city services while the cost of &ose sewices increased. A comparison ol general fund per capita o.penditues in Comploa versrx o&er South Bay area cities revealed lhat the ability of Comptori's rcvenue base to suppon desired city serices is far below that ol other communities. As the cost of providing city services cotrtinued to rise, the the demand continued to increase. In order to attracl business activity, the City must be able to prcvide those basic city seryices whic,h are imporlant factoB in decisiom of many businesses to locate in specific areas. This condition heightens the need for an ecoDomic snalegy lor lhe City to provide new sources of reyenue to fi:nd basic services. The demands placed on city govemmeat and its ability to meel &ose dema:rds wi[ in large part, depend upon ihe socio{emographic characleristics of ils populatio!, as well as efficienl 'nrnrgemen! coordination and deploymenl of City resources. Integral to the process of creating an economic stratery for the City of Compton are atr .ndeBtanding of lhe residen6 served and their particr:lar needg and the ability of the City to provide for those needs. ECONOMIC COMPTON DWEIOPMETIT ELEMENT GENEML PI./IN DECEMBER g 1991 SOCIGDEMOGRAPIIIC TACTORS The City of ComPtoo i5 a gommrnity in constant ra$itior- From the suburban be6ro66 gommrniqr of lhe 1930s, '40q aud '50s, Compton has transf,ormed h the latter part of the twentieth ce[tury iDto I qrturally diverse city in search of a stable identity. While the ethnic mix of the residential populadon of Compton was sbifting; the age of the population yas increasing. Benreeu 1980 and 1990, as shown in Tablc ED1 belox,, there was a five percent shift from the 'IJnder 25' age group to tbe '75 to 44' age group. It is not possible to determine whether thb increase was due to an inllux of new residorts wiihin tho ' !o /l4' age group or the aging of the resident popdation" Regardless of the cause of this shift this chalge represents a growth in the prime-age employable population within &e City. A changing ethnic mix a.nd larger worKorce have significant impacl on the importance of the linkage betweeD jobf taining, aud development and have attendant implications for demaud for city services. TABLE EIL1 CITY OF COMPTON POPIJI.ATION BY AGE GROI]P 19&) 1990 UDder 25 54f2% 50IE% 25-& 25,6290 30.069o 45-64 1556% 14.76% 65 & Ovel 4ID9o 5J3Plo 1(tr.fl)go 1(trItr90 Soulcq 1980 and 1990 US. Ceasus. Unemploytrent The growth in rhe '25 to 44' age goup is panicularly significant when comparing unemploynent ligures for the City of ComptolL Unemploymetrt in the City of Complon vas consistently significaltly above the County average during the 1980s. ECONOMIC COWTON DWELOPMENT EI.EMENT GENERAL PLAN DECEMBER 3, 1991 A comparison of unemployment figures from the City ol Compton ve6us other economically depressed areas reveals that Compton's unemployment rate is amoDg the highest of surrounding cities. Publlc Asslstsnce As of the 1980 US. Census, 5,668 or .11 perce of the 21,705 households within &e City of Complon wero receiving public assistance of one forn or another. lllile frgures for the number of households receiving public assistance were no1 yer available from the 1990 US. Censuq relrnively high uaemploym.ent fgures and a disproportionately high aumber of female householder wi& no husband present and with related cbil&en x,ould suggesl that the rumber and percenlage of people receiving some form of public assistance has remained mnstant and probably increased. Changlng Demographlcs The population of Compton, as depicted in &e socio demographic data presented in the Housing Elemen! is a con::runity in flur. The changing composition of the Cit/s erhnic mi4 an aging resident populatio4 the growth of the labor force and the attendant inoease in unemployment, and the ecoaomically disadvantaged slatus of the residents reflect lhe need for cilical city services and a city govemment role in improving the quality of life for ils residents. S,TLES TCK REVENUE AND EMPIToYMENT oPPoRTIJNIIES An examination of socio-demographic dala relating to the City of Compton revealed that there is a large resident labor pool but currently lhere is chronic unemploymefi which appears to be getting worse. This necesitates the need for job training programs and a city economic stratery that wiU attrac! new employers to the City. A review of tbe largest employen in lhe City rcvealr that there is a limited employment base within C-ompton" Outside of the public sector, manufacturing firms Epresert the largest ECONOMIC COWTON DWELOPMENT EIEMENT GENERAL PIAN DECEMBER 3 1991 seclor ol employment and indude six of the largest employers in the City. While Compton has a manufacturing base, an examination of registered businesses reveals ihat warehousing aad distnibution business are also leading sectors of the local economy. This is direcdy attibualle to the link bstween rnrnufacturirg, warehousinS; and distn]bution funaions. Identifcation with manufactudng is a streng& for rhe City. However, the future benefi$ to the City of new manulactudng firns locating in Compton must be weighed qgrin:t issues relating to altemative land uses. Manufacturing t]"ica[y requires larger parcels of laDd with heavier capital iuvestme than do othsI mixed-use industries and also may include issues of noise and enviromental pollution The Top 45' busineses generate 632 percent o{ all sale.s taxes to the City on average. The "Top 13I busineses generate 89 perceat of all sales taxes to tbe City on average; these irms repr63ent only 755 percent of the approrimately 1,787 commercial busine$es within the City. The majority of rhe City's licensed businesses coDsist of sm,ll, low volune sales operations which very likely employ few individuals ard do not contribule substanlially io the City in lerms of sales taxes. The City has never undertaken a sales tax aldit to detemine whether or not busircsses are acclrately reporting their gross sales aud whe0er Compton is the point of sale or otherwise. lypica[, cities that urdertake sales tax audits recover ihe cost of the audit immediately in rocovered sales tax revenues. It is clear that Compton's stlengths in lhe economic marketplace, and the sectors through which &e CiE dedves lhe maximum revenue, are disrribution, warehousing, or light industrial manufaauring. BUSINESS IOCAIION TraDsportation factors also play a key role in determining fhe desbability of Compton as a potential site for locating certain business. The unoffrcial boundaries of Compton are the I-105 Freervay on the nortl:, the I-710 Freeway to &e east, lhe SR91 Freeway to the south, and the I-110 Freeway to the wesl This geographic reality seates specific advanlages lor ECONOMIC COMPTON DEVELOPMENT ELEMENT EENERAL PIJ'N DECEMBER 3, 191 ComptoE, especialy as a site for the location of heaw or l&ht induslrial mauufacturing, warehousin& and distribution" The proximity of Compton to Long Beach Harbor ald l.os Angeles Internatioral Airport add to lhe tmrsportatioa faclo$ and firrther enhance Comptorfs desirability for the type,s of industries citsd above. JOB IRAINING As discussed under the analysis of socio-demographic factors, wirh high unemploym.ent, a high level of households dependent upon public assistance, low por capita income leve\ and a growing labor marke! between the age.r ol '25 to ,14', iob training is vital to a community and its residenlr An examination of current JTPA progams adminislered by the City of Conptotr revealed a number of issues of concern With few exceptions, there appean lo be a lack of programs with local area manufacturers and skilled labor businesses that are of primary importame in training &e local employD.enl pool As discrssed above, C.ompton has a sizeable maaufacluriDg base, and this base needs to be tapped. A suvey of a nur$er of the leading businesses withiD Compton revealed thal none of thme busineses curreDtly, or at ary rime in the pasl" had a coordiMted traiaing program with the City or had discussed the posibility of creating one vith Ciry ollicials. Another issue of concern is that ol the 13 employers listed as Business Training Contery oDly four are located vi0in ComptoD. This geates a number of problems. First, rcsideDts are leaving the City to attend rainiry whictr very likely could tead 1o tbeir leavhg the City to take a job with tbe employer providing the taining or with another firm in a city outside Compton- Socondly, training monies arc leayiry Compton a.nd arg therefore, less likely 10 be recycled back into the Compton economy. Finally, it was revealed ihat there has never been an audit coaducled of &e use oI XTPA fuads or the effectiveness of JTPA programs with employers or trainees. In essetrcr, there has never been a lrackiDg mechanism to delermine whether employment training programs have succeeded and/or where tbe City should focus ECONOMIC COMPTON DEVELOPMENT EI.EMENT GENERAL PI-AN 7 DEcEMBR,lssl its efrorts for the fulure to meet the job training needs of the community. ECONOMIC DEVEIOPMENT STRATEGY Itr a broad sense, there is ctrrendy no linkage between jobq traiDing and development within the City of Compton" Rscent developmgnt effora within the City, suc.h as the shopping centor adjacent 1o City }Iall, wMe oeating a substantial rumber of jobs and sales tax revenue lor local re.sidenls aEd ihe City, do not provide long-term jobs with opportunity for advancemenl Additional discussions regarding the possible development of high-rise oflice towers or aparments also would not provide an apparent linkqge between jobg training, and developmenl Only with a stratcry or vision for lhe City of Compton's economic future will the City be able to coordinate the creation of joba and training which would bs preceded by efforts 1o atract development within tbe City. The stratery of the type ol development desirable comes from an undentanding of lhe Cit/s current busiuess climate profile as presented above. ECONOMIC COMPTON DElELOPITENT EIEMENT GENEML PLAN I DECEMBER 3, 1991 ECONO1UIC DEVELOPII{ENT COALS AND POLICIES The goals and policies of rhii glement address the broad range of long-term economic development issues faced by Compton These goals and policies rcflect the communit/s desired rssponse to economic develqment issues ihat will be en@urtered over the plrnning period. The following goals and policies focus on achieving and mainlaining a fiscaly sound economic base, increasing local job oppoltunitieq and capitalizing on market opportunities vi& signifisarl econonic potential lor the City. The economic developmenl issues alfecting Compton are unique inasmuch as the Gty is elcounteriDg many of the issues challenging the nation's Iargest cities (unemployment, ethnic rnigration and imr.ig.ation, declining frnancial resources, housing etc.), yet remairs a smaller, suburban coomunity withia the Irs Angeles Metopolitan area- The issuer, identified in ihe body of ihir text, have established the nssd for Comptotr's Economic Development gpals and policies. CITT G,OVERNMENT GOAL 1.0: Ensurc the long.term f,ranclal stablt8 of Clty Govemment Poltcy l.t Inventory and document current levels of municipal services. Pollcy 12: Compare current service levels to those required to adequately maintain City iEfrastructure and health and safety requirements of residenls. Policy 13: Develop a fve-year program to raise existing levels of City seryices, where appropriate, including identifcation of funding requirements and altemalive service delivery systems. Polic! 1.4 Analyze and document c1lrrent City revenues and conduct a:rdit of various city revonues and receipts, ie" Sales Tan, Ufity Tax, Franchise Fees. ECONOMIC COMPTON DWELOPMENT ELEMENT GENEML PI./N DECWBER 3, 1991 Pollcy 15: Match revenues received with cost of services provided. Po[cy L6: Adopt potcies regarding funding of City servicel i.e. enterprise, user fees and c.hargal General Funq etc. Pollcy L7: Masl.er coordinate the organization, manqgerneaq and accountability for all economic developmetrt prograE$ within the City govemmenl. BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT GOAL 2,0: Create anal malntaln a derlrable a[(l coml,etldve buslness commu[lty that sery€s the needs of the bushess communlty and the Clty governmena Po[cy 2.1s Esublish a Business Advisory Couacil @AQ to the Mayor and City Council. This organization would be represenlative of all business segments in lhe community and appropriate economic personnel of Oe City. The BAC Council would work witb the Mayor and Council to address the unique neecls of the business conmunity iD attractin& retqining, and expanding &e Cit/s business. Pouiq 22r Provide masler coordination of business-reliaGd services under one City depaimental divisior- PoUry 23: hovide researc.h inlormation and supportive services to enhance the Chamber of Commerce membership and viability. Pollcy 2.43 Restructure existing economic assistance programr and enhance the quality of those programs to provide lechnical and financial assislance, training, counseliag; business services and incubation This may be actrieved through contlacting with a Busines Developmenl lDstituG or as direct service delivery. Policy 25: Create a Dovnlou,n promolional effort to stimulate shopping Do\t1rlowtr Compton and to take advantage of tbe Maniu Luther King Trarsit Center. ECONOMlC COWTON DWELOPMENT EI.E,MENT GENERAL PIr'4N 10 DECE IBER 3, 1991 Poucy 2.63 Create an Industrial Affairs Unit to stimulare a viable liaison belpeen City governmeDt and Comptorfs indusrial community. Polcy 2.7: Monitor capital formation activities. Poltcy 2.E: Create an aggressive nationa[ regional and local Positive ima89 campnign Po[cy 29: Aaively punue establisbment of an e erprise zone(s). JOB TBAINING GOAL 3.O Deyelop a coEpreherslve trahhg a l development pmgram that addresses the needs of the commudty,s work force and the employers in the commurtty, Pollry 3.1s Continue conducting program audia and evaluation of all job faining and developmen! programs curendy operated and/or ad-irirlered by fhe City. Remmmendations Aom audils and evaluations will be implemented 10 improve the efliciency of zubjea prognEs. Poltcy 32: Assess and evaluate all existiug training and job development programs serving Compton rcsideats and idendry new and releva employment training needs ihat are nol met by existing programs. Pollcy 33: Conduct an assessment of the employment profile lor existing businesses licensed in the City of Compton Policy 3.4: Based on lbe needs assessment, develop, in conjuaction with the BAC and Employment and Training Advisory Council @IAC), a series of job training Fograms 1o address local business needs. ECONOMIC COMPTON DWELOPMENT ELEMENT GENERAL PL/'N 77 DECEMBER 3, lw1 COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL IAND USE GOAL 4,0: Expond the commerclal anal lnalNtrlal trBnd u3e lr the community to pmylde greater emplojment opportEnldes arld tax rcverues Gartlcularly sals3 tax) to suppor, Clty servtce& PolLy 4.1: Develop land disposition policies that mandate a competitive proces wherever land disltosition opportrnities present theDselves. Pollrr 4r3 Perform a needs assessment and ev"aluatc the fiscal impact ol amexing C.ounty uniDco{porated areas immediately adjace to the City's north, souib, and east and west boundaries. The annexation should enable the City to capitalize on posible reuse of existing land and tate advantage of the I-105, I-710, I-110, a.nd SR-91 Freeway access. The existing lan4 cr.rrendy zoned C-3 aad M-1 for the most parl should be focused on the development ol warehousing and distribution busines parks lhat link the Pan Paciic imports associated with LAX and World Port Ld Poucy 43: Perform a needs assessment and fhcal evaluation aad develop a specific plan for the developmenl of a bio. medical and related business to locate near or adjacenl to lv1lli Drew Medical School" and the planned I-105 Freeway corridor. Pottr! 4.43 Foqrs on attracting high volume and high value transaction businesses - like Pricr Club, Fedco, etc" - to locale in the City mmmerciai and industrial zones. Po[cy 4.5r Develop programs to atlract commercial busineses that recognize the community's q tural diversity. Pollc? 4.63 Develop beaudfrcation plans including streetscape and facade improvements within the interior of the Cig, along major arterials includilg IrDg Beac.h Boulevar4 Complon Boulevarq Rosecrans, Aloudra" Willowbrook, Alaneda" Wilningtor, CeDlral, etc. Polic? 4.7! Promote developmeDt oi specific businerse,s within the City based on needs ide ficatior" ECONOMIC COMPTON DWELO?MENT ELEMENT GENERAL PIJIN 72 DEaEMBER 3 1941 RESIDENTIAL DEVEIOPMENT G'oAL 5.G Actlyely crcat€ rlngle-fallfly aletached market rrte holslry ln the Clty thmrgh every means l,osslble to ltrcr€ase coEmudty lmome anal property values. Pollcy 5.1! Encourage public-pri te partnerships to arhieve this goal. Pollcy 52: Conduct an inventory of land whic.h could be used for development or redevelopment of market rate housing. Poltcy 53: Utilize the resources of the City ad Redevelopment Ag6ncy, including emiaeat domain where appropriate, to create markel rate single-family detached housing opportudties. Pollcy 5l: Provide economic incentives, including land wrirc- dow$, frnancial assistance for acquisition and predevelopment expenses and oft-site implovements. Polcy 5J: Targel market rate and afordable single-family housing development contiguous to new retail development opportuaities. Pollcy 5.6: Encourage ihe revilalizalion ef lhs sxisting housing inventory to insure a balanced dismAution in the Cit/s growth. CAPIIAL FORMATION GOAL 6.0! Develop sigrlficant frnanclal lllechadsms for hcrearhg capltal tor locd economlc asslstame. Pollcy 6.1! Investigate the development of Small Business Investme Corporaliotr (SBIC), Minority Smnlt Business Itrvestrnent Corporation (MSBIC), and lrcal Developmetrt Corporation (I-DC) as tools for tocat capital formation Poltq 62: Take such appropriale action as feasible 1o assist capitalizarion of local mmmunity businesses. ECONOMIC COMPTON DWELOPMENT ELEMENT GENERAL PI,IN 13 DEcEtdBER 3, l9,1 REGIONAL SERVING DDYEIOPMENT GOAL 7.0: Reilevelop land ln C.ompton (Le, Compton Auto Plaza), to capture lts full potentlsl as a regtonsl servlry stte- PollcX 7.t Develop a Specifrc Plan and/or Master Plan for the Compton Auto Plaza area that reflects social, cultural and ecoaomic needs. Poncy 7r: Adopt a minimnm finaacial ream lor land disposition in the Compton Auto Plaza and exercise patience to achieve that financial goal. Poucy 7& Position Complon to act as mastsr developer or mdeveloper iu implementaliou of the Compton Auto Plaza Master Plan Pollry 7.4: Identify development alternatives ihat *dl yield the highest economic potential for enhancing retail sales in Complon, tbus reducing sales leakage oulside the City. Poltc? 7.5: homote inlemational marketing and advertising of investment opportunities available to the busin€ss comrnunity on an intemational basis to take full advantage of Compton's location to ths porb of I-os Angeles and l-ong Beach in relation to the Pacfic Rirn- Po[cy 7.6r Evaluate the polential market rate high-rise ownership housing and office development that will leld maximum lax incement and fiscal benefit to the City of Compton EMNOMIC COMPTON DEVELOPMENT EI.EMENT GENERAL PIJIN 74 DE1EMBER j 1991 '! r'..,- j'\ ,.I ' 1 t' / / /: / I , '!, r j rj.r; I TIIE CAIJFORNIA GENERAL PLAN GLOSSARY Published by The California Planning Roundtable Revised 6/V91 ILe Callfor a Geftral Pldr Glo3sar" AbDrtniddolr AI'T: Average daily trips aade by vehicles o, peIsols i! a 2+hou period AI,UC: Airpon Iand Use Codsission BM& Beto*-rn8rket-rate dseliDg lmit CBD Cer ral Blsiue$ Distrid Co&Rs: coi'elrnta colditiole ald RetridioEs CI'BG: Coamunity D.relopEe8t Blocl Clart CEQA: califomis Enyironmedlll Qurlity Ad ctrD: A Melo-Roc Co!trflrniry Farilities Disui.t cma CaliIortria Ho6iDg Filasce Ageucy ctP Capital Iioprovemer s Progr8nr CNEIr Coaliunit, Nois! Equilaleat Irvcl CME CoDgesdoE MalsgsBsut Pla! coc: Co@cil of GoverD.EeEts CRA Coaaunity Redsvelopneut Ageocy dB: Decib€l .tBA 'A-u,eighted' decibel EI& Enyironaenral IBpaCt Repod (Staae) EIS: Errronfienlal Impact StareBent (Feder8l) rA& Floor Area Rario FAI'S: F€de.al Aid to U.ban Systells FEM,. Federal Eeelgenq Managemeut Ageocy FIIWA( Federal tfighPay Adlrinistration FI& fis(al Ihpalr Report FIRM: Flood Ilsu&nce Rale Map trmEA fsrEers Home AdEdnistralio! GMT: G.oss Molthly Incooe EAP Ho!6ing AssistrDcr PI8tr HCI} Housing 8trd Coemlaity Developncnt DepartBeat of tte State of Crliforlia HOV: Ingh oc.opaacy veeicb uu! U.s. Dept of Eousing 8sd Urbas Developrnent JP& Joint Powe$ Aurhority IAtr'CO: Local Ageacr ForEarioD Colnmileiotr Ldn' Day and Nrght Arerage Sound kvcl L*' Sound Energy Bquivalent Lerl LIIA Local HousiDg Alrhority IrOS: kicl of SeMce LRI' f&ht (drfy) RaI araqtt NEPA National EnviroEne rl Policy Ad oP& Omce of Pla$ing ald Re3larcb Starc of California PUD: PlarDed UDil Deeelopdent SR(} Single Roora Occupatcy TDMI TIa rlponafon Delaard Mamgcaclt R rilgt TIrR T1alsfel ol DevelopEeEl Right! IS!,t Trarrsportatiotr Sr6tems Mrnrgeoent UBc: UriforE BuiLdiDg Code UEC: UniforE HousiEg Code UMIA UrbatrMasTrarfportatioD Admini6trstiorl VMI: Vebiclel\files Traveled Acceptabte nbk A hzard de.taed to be a tolerable eleo3ure to &nget gir€D tne t,eed.d b€d6&6 to be obtained Difie,€na l€rels of a..eptlble i.& Eay b€ assigled accordiDg to the potqnlisl darg6 aod Oe caiticah6s ot rhe thloateled srruatEe. The tevels Eay raDge ftoB hear zero'for nud€ar phnB ald nrtulal gar tra!&ri9si@ Ii,r6 to hoda(ste'fot otrreo spaae ranches srd los-inferrity qqiehoure u3e3. Acrrsr/Eg$3 The ability to eoiel a sile froo a r@dxay and €si! a site o o a roadesy by Eotorized vehicle. Arass, Grots lhe eatire aa(oage of a site. Most coE nurdties calqlale gro6s adeage b rhe c6or6dinc oI pioposed bouding $eers and lo the edge ofthe rigbt"of-e/ay olesiging or dedi€led !fue€t& As!3, Net The portioa of a site that .aB altually be blilt upor. The following geneBlly are trlt induded itr the tret alredge ora 6ite: public o, pritare rcad lighl!-of-say. pubtc oIr€B 8Fce, and flood Pa,5. Ardrt Solar Srri$n AslBteo thar rls€s a eo.Illli(al dedco, su.h ar puops or fans run by elerficity in additior to 6olar eoerry, to tralspon air or rvater betweeB a solar corl6{to! aad tLe interior of I blilding lor heariDg or.roliD& (See ?a$ive Solar S!6teo.) Atlapdr€ Ralsa Thc coNeBion of ob6olescdt or historic buildiog froo their origM or Eost receol use to a oew use. for €samplg Oe coNe8ion of foraei hospitrl or school builditrgp to rBidential use, o, tte conve$ion of an liltoric single-fasily home to ofice use, Alverse IErFsd A negative consequetrce lor the phlEical, soci4 or eaoBoEic eolirclrn€ot resolring iom ss a.lio! or proje.t Af,ordahlttt RlqElftot[ta Provisions e.tablisted by a public agency to require ttat a specific pe&.otage of [orrsiDg Eits ir a Fojed or deiglopoelt reoain sfiordable to very loi - and tow. itrc@e LoBetok s for I specified pcriod. Afiordable HoudnS Eousing capablc o, beiig purcirsed or rented by a household with very lov, low, or moderate income, based otr a household's ability to make oa{ y po}deft6 nec€ssary to obtai! [ou!ing. Housing is coBidered afiordable wheB a tousehold pEB lesr tha! 30 pelcdr of its gt6r Eonlhly iucoEe (CMI) for holsiug ild[diug nflilie$ Ageff, The govermental eotit, departnelt, ofiicq or adEinistrativc uait respoasible for carrying oul regulatiora Agrf.dilrlal PBerve La,ld desigrEted for sgriqrlture or cods€rvatioi. (See "WiliaEgo! A6.) Agd.dtltB Use of latrd for the produaioa of food and liber, ircluding the gro*ing of.rop6 ond/or the gr.zing of rninrt< otr natural priae or iBpioved IElttIIe lad. Agrtdhre.Elated &r3lne38 Fed nills dlai!.y supplie$ poultry po€ssiD& oeaEeries, sudion yards, veteri@risns rld olher busin6s6 supporting local agriqrltue. R.r5l91 Atr Polhdon Coac4dl&tions of suhanc€s fouad ia the arnocph€re thrt exceed uturally occoni4 quauities aad are rmdesirable or hanafol in sote rey. Alr Rtihig The tight grarted by a plopeny os,!e! to a buyer lo use E aae above ar eriraing &Dr-of-way or other sitg usurlly for dei,elopEe Alrpoi.relafsd Use A u3e tbat supports airport ofradoD! iucludiu& h! uot liEited to, airssft te[,aii and oaintenancc, fligtrt instrudio& and ansaft aeafteriDg. A[tf A mrrw senlce vay, eithd public or pdrate vhich proiftl€s a permarcndy rBewed bd s€coadary aeaDs ofpublic 8.ces lot iEteBded for geBeral trafic cirq ration Aler8typtely are locsled along rear Plopelty lircs AIlEvlaI soils deposned by .c.eata adio!. Alqu&t Prloto A.r, SersElc Hlrard Zore Aseirtuic Llzard z.oe designated by the state ol califorli! \ritlin $tic.h sp€.i8lized geologic hvestigatiols ,rlu$ be prep8red priq to approl8l of certaiB trtw da,velopmenr AEDt€qt Surrormding o,r 8ll sides; used to describe aersuleoeats of rxisthg coadidons rrrh r6E€at lo rafic' noise, air aBd other erNilorme s. To inrorporatc a land area ioto a! esi*ilg distrid or muricipality, c,ith a resDlrius c,Irige in the bo&daries ol the 6Dn sitrg judsdi.tion AfsrtBant (1) orc or more rooes ofa building osed as a pla.e to live in a boildiig coataird"g a! tea$ one other uDit u3ed for t[e saee plrpose. (2) A separate suite not oPae( occrDieq nhich includB lit&eu faciliti€s ad ! d6igBed fo! aad leated as the hode reddetue, or sle€ping ilace of ode ol riore pe$ons liling as I single [ousekeeping lait. Approdrn Zone The ah spsce at ea.h end ofa lading .cip thsr defn€s the glide path or app.oalh Ilalh of str airc@ft and thrt sLould be ftee ftod obstrudioa. Appropdat A! ad, colditio!. or sate thal is cousidered suitsble. Aqufer Atr uodergioun4 eater-b€aring layer of €arth, porous roc& 8an4 or gawl, tbrough wtich \rater caD s€ep or be held iu natural scorage. Aquifets genetsly hold sufEcienf estel to be u!€d as a lrater supply. ArabL Irod apable of beiDg orltiEted for farhiD& Afthaeologlcal Relaring to t[e Earerial rernain. o, past iurnan lilq qltole, or a.tiriili€s Ardtt€fi.a! ColEo! Arthlt€.ttrral Revter Regulations aBd Drocedues r€quiring the ededol desigtr of srmcure3 to be suitablq hareosious, ad io keQing with tne gene&l appea&nce, lixtoric c.haracte!, and/or lcyle of surro@diEg are€s, A process u!€d to esercte coBtrol oeer tie de"lg" olblildiDgs and their .euiu8& 6ee D€sigD Reriee, R.r5Pr Atta; Aiea Mdtatr hcoEe As used itr stsrc ofcalitorDia houshg lapei& r€sped to ilcoBe eligibility limits e.tlblirhed by tLe US. Departiiedt ol Ho!.ing ald U$a[ D.ireloplle (HlrD),'area' egart ,netropolitan area o! Eon-mefopolit!! county. Itr ,roB-d€tropolital area& the 'area Eedial ilcome'is the high6 of the couoty nedian farnily in.oEe or the liat€oi& loa-aetropolitas Eedilo faBily iucode. Arterlal Mediua-Aeed (30-40 6ph), aediua-capacity (10,0@35,m aveEge daily Ehu) road*ly thsr providos ht&-coeeunity travel and a$sse to tie coutf*ide bighsay q6(ern. A.cca3 to corrrmuity anetish should be provided a! coleaaor roads and local !lleet., bd dired acc6s froE parcrL to csining anerirls i! co68on Artedan An aquife, i! rrhir[ cat€r is .o!i!ed usder pressore bet*eer layers ol idperE.able hatedal Wells iapping hto an aneian sratoa wil flov !at!I![y rpitiod the !3e of pt Dp6. (See 'Aquifer.) Aidde 34 RefeFnduDr Afiide 34 of the Codihrlion ot t[e State of CalifoEia reqritos pasgage ofs referendufr pithiD I ciry or counry fo, approval ofthe developneor or ocqufuitiou ola publicly filrrlced housing projed vhere more tlsn 49 Frce of the uit! arc s€t a6ide for low-incoee hoDsehol&, Ardcolaiou Variarion in iie dcpth of the blildiDg plane, roof litre, or heiSht ol a siru(tsle that b,reakr up plainr rnotrotonous arers snd creat€s patterrs of light a[d shado\r. Aas€ssBelt Dlstdct (See Bedefit A.s€ssoeut Disrdct) &Bt3&d Houslng Ceueraly mdri-faEily rcltd hon &rrlgf Barland! Area8 aiong a bay thal are perassentty vet or p€riodtcally cov€r€d s,ith sL8[ov *!ter, soch as saltwater and ftesbpale' d!rrhe!, op€'r or tlosed tmcldsh E,8rshe3, !f,aEtrB, Eudf,ats, ald fa!& Bed atd Br€atf,ast Usudty I di/€ning uDit, but sometim€s a !@all hotel, dich trnovides todging aad trrea!&c for teEporary ovemight oaqrpalts, for coEpelsaliorl Belor.Earfea-rate @MR) gou3t g UEft (1) A,ly housfu lmn spedncaly piced to be sotd or &oted to lov- or 6oder:dt€-i&ome housoholds lor an.mount tesr than the tai-eartet value of the lDiL Boti the State ol Cslifomia and the U.s. Departoieut of HoBitrg aud Urbar Devclopmeirret 6tandards for deteminiry irhicb Lo!6ehol& qu8[ry as 'tow income' o. hodetat iucone.' (2) The fnaucilg of houfig ar less tl8a prcvsiliDg intered rst€& Bene8f A8s6rEa6t Dttrlca An area eithin a plblic agelq/s boutrdsios tlal receives a spe.ial b€o€fi1 ioa thc coDltrudiotr of ore or more public fociliti€& A Bencit Assessaent Dilirid has Bo legal life of its oelr ad cauot 8{a by iticll. Ii is suidly a 6n'n.ing dechrnisn for poiidiug public hirsfirdule os sllowed rEder &e StreeB And HighBlu Code. Bonds Eay be is$ed to fialnce the inploveEeltc subjed to lepalBenr by as9essorclts .irrged rg{n{ tte bele66iEg properties. Crealion of a Beoefil AlsessoBent Di6trid en'bl6s !rcperty osners in a EE iic sre6 to .ause the construdion ofpublic fs.ilitics or to n.int'rin tLer (for €Ellpte a dowtrtowa, or thc ground! and lrsdscapins ofa sp€cific area) by coltribuling then fan Share of the alldrodio[ ald/or in(qllnriod and opersliug colts. BtcllEls I.sre (Class n e. ty) Aconido, ripr€ssly r€efled for bigdes, qising o! a st eet ol rosdsioy in additio! to a,!y larrcr for ure by tootolized vehicles. Blcr.le Parh (Cbrr I fadllty) A paied rorne Bot otr a 3tree! or roadway a[d €lq,ressly ,eserr€d for bicrclB taaversing atr o&ereise uopaved area" Bicycle paths nay parallcl roa& hn gpi.aly arc !€lorated &@ thera by lr kcaping. Blcyrle Roore (Class Ul hdlry) Afacility shsred pith Eotorists ad ide i6ed only by sigtr& I bicydc rode [as no pae66irot Eartiugs o, lrne 6dipes. B&!fiqs A terB tb8! enc@palses biqcle laaeq bicrcle pathr 8ad bicrcte rout6 BloDass Plani Daterial lsed fol the produciotr ol su.h thing< as fuel slcohot ard rcB"cheEical fertilizers. Biodass sourc€s may be phnts growa 6pecirly for tlal porpo6e or ra3t€ produd! fton livetock, hanrasting fr;lling or rrod agrierltEal produdioa or Drocessitr& Botlc CotnElr q A group ol living orgaaism characerized by a rlisioctive combinario! ofbotL anidrl aEd pbnt spedes h a paraiolsr habilat. Bttght A cotrdiliotr of8 site structrEc, or area ttrlt ,n8y a8use leaIby buildings and/or areas o declirc h sttradivele&s .Bd/ot utility. Tte CollEulity Rodreelopdert Iaw (Eealth and Safcty Code, SedioDs 3381 and 33ts2) rrlt8ins I def,,ritio! of blighr used to d.telBirc eligibility ol propoaed redevelopoieat poj€{t areas Psgn Ani erest-beadog proaie to lay a diln 8led s@ ofa@ry, cdtL the priudpal lrnorrlt dle on a spe.iic date. Futrds rai6ed throwh tle sale olbonds cao be used for raiious Fbli. pulPoses Bdra Zols An ares of land sepsrating tso .li*irct tard u3os rld a.t6 to 6ofttd or aitigate the €fie.t8 of oDe lsnd use oD thc ot[er. BEIdbs ADt struduie rA€d or intended for supponing 01 sLelt€ring any !!e or oc@pdocr. Bddrry Eelght The vertical dirtor@ ftot! tle average conllc grouad le{el ofs buildiug to t[e hlgh€lt Doht of tle coping of a flar roof o! to the de* line of a ean3ard rool or to t[e B€an heigfu l€fld b€teE n eav€s 8od ,idge for a 88ble hip, or gaEbrcl rooi The c8.t deri"itio,l tade3 b cooBurit . For €Eraplc i[ soEc coDdunlties buildiog height is Eeasolcd to the bigh€st poilt ot tle roof, lot iicluding elevator aad coolilg tos,EB, Bu[doug Bdld.out Detdopaeot of Iaad to its full potc[tial o, t[eoreti.al capacity as perEified @de, .olI6dr or propG.d plalning or zoaing designstions (See 'Carrring Crpa&y (3).) Bldnrrs Satrda6 A subca!€oly of comeercial land use ttat pernitr €{ilblrrh.Erots pttdarily eogpged in rederiEg gertices to ot[e, busin6s establishaenfa otr a fcc o, colfraat basis, su(;h rs ad&tniig rnd EailiDg; builditrg oaineaaace; pemanel anrt .rnploldent seriic6; manlgede and co[sulting seMces; proteAive seoices; eqoipmelt renfal and leasilg photo 6Bi.hia$ copying atrd prirfiDs; travel ofrice 6upplr; aod siEilsr s€rtices. Blsl,sy A i'ebionar right-of-ray or poltio! thaleol"-oie! 8tr €sclusive lane-reened exclosively fo bures Calforola &vlrot &Dtal Qoallty A{a (Cf{A) A Strte l$, requidrg Stalc and local agercies to regulate aciliriB pitL consftbatio! lot €diiroDra.otal prote.rion If a propo6ed adirity hr6 tle lotenlid for a sigDiicanr advEGe envirolraedtal iftpact, aIr Eurirotr,teltal Ilrpac Report (EIR) Bu.t be pr€larcd add certifed as to its adequacy befote t.t i'rg a.tioa on fie piopG€d ptojec c€'lEral Plans ,equie tl& peparatio! ola ?ograo EIR.' Catlfor! s Bou3ltrg Fltratr.e Ag.nc, (CHFA) A St8!e 88encr, established by the Housilg 8trd Ho&e Frnsnce Ad ol 1975, vhich is ald[orized to sell leteme boEds and geaerate frrads fo! tie d€f,eloplrent, relabilitatio!, lrrd coiseriation of low"atrd modelate-incoBe houshg CaItrals Crliforrda Departneat of TralrsportatioD. Clphal lhpmft@!0l3 ProgmE (CIP) A proga!fi, aanini.ler€d ty a city or couty go!,emErot and te\,ieir,ed by i6 plaming cohhillioq vhich schedul6 Derealrent iEproveEaita, lrualy for s llirdinua offive yaat! iu the tuturg to fir the Foje.red ,is.al .apability of the tocal jud.didioll The program getreraly is retie,cred alaudly, fol @Dformanc€ to and con.ilte"g vit[ fie geadsl plo. Carbon lrlodde A colodesr, odorl66, Don-poisouolls gas that i9 a ,lormal pan of tle arEospbde. Rsr619r Clr'bolr Moaoodde Ac.lorless, odo €sr, highly poisololls g6s poduced by adoEohile3 ald oth€f us&inB sitl intenal coDrbustioo engines tnar ioperlecly bum fo€sil fo.ls so.h as oil gae, Clrr!'rnS CaDadB "nd U6ed in dererainiDg tte polentid of atr area to ab6orb ds,elopdeat (1) The l6,el of lstrd u3€, hlnla[ 6.tivity, 01 d6.elopr@t for I 6peciltc ar€4 thal caa b€ 8lcoEEodlfed perEa!€otly \rithout an irrerelsiblc .L.nge in tLe qoality of air, rrartf,, blr4 or plalr aad Irdmd habitats (2) lLe upper [rrdts ol deielopetdt b?oEd \rbic,h th6 quality of htEtrtt life, healt!, e€rlare safrty, or coraEurity .h.I!.t€( eithid su area $i[ behp6n€{L (3) Th. maiimue l6,el of developEeBt allosable under qnrcnt zoling (Seg 3oild,os.) Callldig A*aterproof coEpould o, material used to rtop up 6ud eake tight again t leatage (ar tte cracts b a x,iBdo$, 1r6!ic). CaESur The ofiicial dec.nnid eEulemlion of the population cr8duct€d by t[e federal govertr,tteat. CeDtraI Bish!3s Dbdcf (CBD) The aajor coEEercia.l dowdlos'n celte. of a coeliunity. Gercral guidelin€s fo, d.lheatiry a do*Dtocrn srea sic delilcd by tne US. Ceorus of Retail Tlade, sith dpedic bolodri€3 being 6et by tte local t!@icipality. C'rpnhdt{tloD (1) Tnc lmighr.Diug and/or dcepening of a calerco!$e for pEpos€s of BtorE-ruxrof cotrtiol or eas€ of llvigatioa. Ch8EEelizatio! oien itrcludes lining of ltrear! bants g,ith a retainiDg Eatcrial such as con(rete. (2) At t[e interseei@ of ioadvaja the dire{fioul sepa.raliotr of ualnc klcs thrcugh tle ule of q,rbs or rais€d islads tlat IiEn thc palLg that vehiclB Eay tatc through the hlerse.tion" C$sraclEr Special pb)sical charaderbtics ofa stiuctue or area that set it atrart ioE nt ormormdingr and cofiibute to its ildiriduality. Ortoladoll DeEaEt Oae of the !€v.tr Stale-aordated eledie s ofa local gercral plall, it co[tai!3 adoDted goal$ policie., asd inipledertstio! proglaas for t[e planning ad Earagcntdf of eqillirg strd pioposed thoroughfare$ fsnsponatio! routes, aod terEi!8lsr as crel as local public Eilidrs and facililie3, all correlated s/itb the laod us€ eletnert of the general plan Ctty City wit[ a capit t 'C geoerally refels to the govern ]reBt o, airnf,i(ratio! ol a city. City nitb a lowe! cas€ ? eay 6eal1 ary city or may refer to the geogrspbical ar€a of I cify (ag, tte city bitea/ay systen.) Mr Zontr. That sectioD ofar apploach zotre ofss airpon where tie plane defiDing the glirie mrh b 50 feet or le3s above the ceEtcr"liDe of ihe rulresy. The cle& zole eid6 c/here the heiglr of the glide path aboi,e ground level is sbove 50 fee! Iad use uder the dear zoae fu reddded. Clustqrd DevelopEut De,!,eloplictrt io *hich a !l,.Bber of deelling uniB are pllced h c.loser ForiEity thao usull o! are attaaue4 q,ith &e pupose of relaiahg an opeo space are4 CogelsradoD The haltresriDg of hcat enel$f, thal rcrealy woutd be sa!t.4 to gereEre elo(tdcity-u.lrally tliollgh tle buming of flaste. Rar.6pr Colector Relativelflow-speed (5.30 ,ipL), (5,m20,m average dlily eiF) stre8t $st proddes dq a!io! eirhin srd beteeeorcigbborhood$ Colectors Esully serve short tsiIB and are irterded fo! colediig aips fron local dreets and didribdiry th€rn to the arterial letsorL CoEDrlsd S€|rEr/CoEbl[ado! Semr A raverag6 6i6!em that carries both sSuitSry s€c,age ald storExiat€r n aoff. CotDrtnrdal A hnd uJe chssifi.ariou that perniB fa.ilifies for tte bufiEg a8d reling ofcoDfroditiB ald serric€s. CoDDerdal Sdp CoEEercial derelopneat usudly osc rcore deep, ttll ftodts o! Major 6treet for a dirtalce ot oae cit), blo.& or more Idud6 indiridul boildings oo tlcir oc/tr lot!, eith ot \rirho6 oa-site pa*i!g, ald .iaal lircar shoppt g centeB \iit! &hrllo$, on-Se pa*ing il fioor ol the stores. Cotn Bunlty C6tt Fadllt, Elderly houli8g licc$ed by rie State Health alld 'lgelfarc Ageacy, DepartEeof of Social Services typically for lesideBt! s,ho arc frail and rced superrisioD. Seriic8 aornaly include tLee eeals daily, houekeepin& security 6nd edelgerq, respolse, a tul adviti€ Plograe" supenisiotr in tnc dispelsiDg of eedicine persoDsl s€rdces 6ud as r RJ'r.6.lgl CoDD[nlty Rdr|vetopnqlt Agelc, (GA) Alo.al ageacy riated ulder CaliloEis Redeeelopmenthv, or a local l€sislstive body tta! has eleared to sorcise tle ponels gra ed to guc.h an sg€oay, fo, t[e purpose of plaDniD& d€reloping, rc-pla$in& ,edeng-& clesrine ,ecolltrlliitrg, adr/ol ,eeabilitadng atl oi pan ofa specificd arca sith &ddential indudid, andr/ol public Ctadudhg re{iealioial) smratt res and falilities, lte redevelopDrot ag€oqrrs plan3 anrst be corryB$le c,it[ adopted crE lutrity geae$l pla$. Corrrlolrty SlrrL! Arta A geogrphic subarea of a city or coEty osed lor tle plan rfuj srd delivery of lorLs, reareatio!, lnd othe! humatr services bas€d o! a! arsesgaent of the sorgice ne€ds of th€ popd io! in tia! subarea. Cor n[t..3hed Tte arca ftom vhi.h peopte do or aight corrrElne fto& thei hoBer to a speqiflc vorkpls.e destimtion, given specific assuoptions abour maxiEuE 6avel ti6e or distance, Cora!6r&o! Goodr Re&il goods for vhich coDJuoers rNill do coetrndsou shoppilg befole Ealing 8 llrnc,hale, Th6e goo& terd to have a 6tJ'le fa6or ad to be %rge, tickef ieE such as cloth€6, fumitug appliances 8!d aulonobiles, Compdble Capable of esisting togetler q/ittout codlic or lll efrecrs. Coraposdtrg Tte treataent of solid orgalic retuse through aerobic, biologic decoEpositiol|" CondolnluluE A structue of two or Bore uitg the iotedor spoc$ of phi.h are iadividurly ot9treq Oe balsn.e of t[e property Ooth ls8d and builditrg) is oc,a€d iD conaoD by the ow[e,3 of the individual lnits. (Se.'Tos,nlouse.') Corrg6do! Marageln Dt PIsn (CMP) A aerhaDiin enployiDg gros& ,nanagement techliq[es, hduding tnfic levet of servbe teqoiftment& .hndardr for pubtc tra$i! tdp redu.tio! progrsd! hvohhg tansportadon s)Ble!!s lisn8geaeot 8td jobs,/hoBilg balsce stiategies, and capital inproveoreor progrraoiry for ttc pupose ofrourroliDg ald/or reduring the @radatituegion8l tnftc iapa(rs of developdeat AB 1?91. efiediee Augurt l" 1990, iequites .Il citi.s, and .ouutica tt8t itrclude urbaaized areas, to adopt by De.ember 1, $9f" aod aDNrtly udrie s Corgestio! ManageEent PLi. Co!gre$& Cale Aparfient housiDg ususlly for sediols, in a groQ senirg that includes indepeldent living ard sleepilg accodrodatiols ia conjuaoion sith 6hared diniDg 8Bd reqeatioDal fsailities. (See 'Corrrnurdty Care Faciliry.) Colser?adon The manageEenl ol latural ,esoulces to prevenf c6ste, destaudion, or negleaL Th€ rtate ,aandates tlat a Collelvation Bleoed be iBcluded h the general plr& Co[servadolt EleEraut OBe ofthe sevea State-Ealdared eleaeats ofa local geoeftl pbD, h conrain. atl,opted godS polici6, and iapleE€Btafion prograes fo! t[e colserBtion, developmeat, atd use otD!tulal r€ouces itrdudiDg cialer ad it! hydraulic forc!, forest., rois, dr.er3 and otber ftt€is, harbors, fisheries, wildlife, ,r1iEer8is, add other Eafi,ral ,6ouraes. 10 n,.,6l91 Corrdrteot Frea ftom tlriatioB or coaEadiatio!. Progrsrrs i! the Ceoeral Pbn are to beconrinent lot contr8diatorJ, or pteferential Stde lac'rcquirB coDsine$y beter€,l a gen€tal pla! 8!d iEpleme alion Eea3ure3 suc! a3 the zoliDg ordiIrrlce, CoiYllttact Goods Relail iteds Senenly dec€ssary or deirable for crqyday livilg o6urly p6c.hrs€d a! a converienr uearby loaalion Beaause th6e goods co{t telalii'ely l rle rodpSred to hcode, tley are often purc.haied sitnout coEpadlo! shoppitrg. CoDfttalcr To! A t6x iaposed oo the sale, lease or trsDsfer of real property. Cordo[ CouBt A E€a$remeut of aI lravel (llsualy vebicle tdpr bd 3o!!€rimes p(ts@ triF) in ed od ofa defined are! (aroud vfiich a'cordoE i3 drasr). CoEtrt Count, ritb a capital 'e gercrally lefe8 to the gover!frenl or ad ini 1I 46.6/9r Dcdlcatloa h lleu of Cssh pslDeats tllr lray be required of a,l owBel or tl€relopet 63 a dub3tildc lor a dedicstion oflaad, usualy calculated h dollsB per lol ald refered to as iD lieu fees or in lieu contributioDg IbfslslbL rpa.r (1) Iu fire-figlling 6nd preveation, a 3&foot ares of troB-coEbultible sorfa.6 seponring urban atrd eildlad areaa (2) In uIban areas, oFll spac€s, eEtry poinfs, sud palhriats corigured to provi& Earimrm opporruaities to righdul ur.i! asd/or rqidedts to defrdd theeselves agains i rudeB and (rirdnll adivity. Delslty, Re3ldeatlal T[e llrlber of perEsaen! residetrtilt d$,eling units per alrc ot laad Denlni6 A€dned h thc Ge[eralPlan Eay be espiesled in uiB per gro3s acre or Der aet developsble a(te (See 'A6es, Gross,' and Dcvel,opableAoes, NeL) Ir@dty Bonur fte allocalio! of derelopaent rights lhal allo* a parcel to arcoaoodste adtlitionrl sqlrre footsge or additional reidential uit3 beyoBd &e earieue for wltc! the !6l!el fu zoaeE Boaly in €scb,lrge for the provi3iotr or pleselvotion of6n aaenity at the 3aae &e or ot anotber loaalioD. Utrder Califomis la% a housitrg developaeDt tlat plovide 20 p€rc€nf of iB @its fo' Iovei income households, or 10 perceot of its units for very low-incoEe household!, or 50 perc€Dt of G units for s€niors, L entitled to a deDsity botru!. (Se. 'Developneot Rigbts, Trarsfer of.') Ir€lstty, Codrol of A linirinod oo the ocqrpaft, ol land. Density .an bc conrrolled throrgh zonilg h the folloving eal,$ use r€{(ridioIls, Einimu:r lot-size requiredenk, fioor area ratio3, hrd u!e- i elJity ratios, setback atrd yard rcquileBe s, eininua house*ie reqoireoeErs, ratio3 coEparing uumber dtd tyt,es of housilg ullils !o laod area, Iimits on rmitg p€r aare, !!d other tuerns. Alowable delsity often serves as t[e oajor distiaaion baweea resideatial disirids" Density, E aployrnent A Eeasure of t[e ebe! ot cniplorrd persols per qreciEc ar€a (for fsanpL, edploye6/8cie). Irelslty Ilalsler Away olretrining opeo space by colceDtrarilg d€fsiti$dusurly i! coEpa.t srers adjared to rni.ting urbanizslioD and utilitie.dwbile leavirg uach8ged hi*oric, seEitiv., or LrzailoB area., In so6e jutildidio[s, for craEple, developeB (arl b8y derelotr,|ledt tights of poperties targeted for public opelr space srd trall3fer tle additio@l derrity to the brre auaber of usit perr:ritled in the zone i! vhich they propo6e to derclop. D€3rg! kvtrn; De3tslr coEnol Tle coEpreheDsivc elJallatiotr ofa developBclt a[d its iEpad on deig]$oriDg properties and the community as a whole. from &e standpoilt of site ad lsldscapc desig& arclitaarue, materialg colors, Iightiu& 8l1d sign, i! ac.orddce i,ith I set of adopted Eiteris 8trd standads. Desig! gogEgf requir€s thar cenain sp€cifrc ttiigs be dolre snd rlat othe! things not b€ done. Design Control lslglrgc h lnost ofte[ fouBd nithin 8 zoning odinatrce D€sign Beiaf usualy refels to a slsrcm s.l up outsidc of tie zoaing ordhanc.' wherdy ploj€ds a.e leiies'ed against censin 6lardards a.!d cdterio by a speda.ly osiablished desigD ftries board or coemioee. (See 'Archiledural Control) t2 P<'tipl IX6dr8doE Retarl Retail boshesses tbat 8e@rate a specisl purpose t ip and thar do lot rcc€rssrily booefit fio& a bigh-eohrae p€destsiatr lo.atioll DdaabEelt Withdlasal of teritor, ftom a qrcial diltr'rct or city. lr.t otloB DaE/Barh/Polrl D&rs Eay be classified saaordiug to tte broad nradion they 3€rve, $rah a3 ltonge diversion, or dete ion Detedtioo daat are construded to tetrrd flood ruaof ond ninini"e t[e 6fie(t ol suddeo Itood& Deteltio! d8r!s fafl into tso Eai[ rypes. I! orc typq tie sat ( is te&porarily sorc4 and Etealed though ar oudet riru.tEe at I rate vhi.h rlil nol erceed tle €ryiDg epacity of the ctrannel doi,nsrreaa Ot6o' tLe basins are plsnted sith gars ald uled lor ope! space oi ret(eafion in perio& of&y riearher. The orh€. t trle, rtrosc often caled a &ceodor Poa4 alloc6 tor eatei to be held ar loig as pciible ard !!ay d eay Dot allov tor tbe co rolled retease oll,ater. Irl soEa e3cs, tie rr6Lc i6 alowrd to s€€Ir ilto the pe.Eeable baltr oi gravel srrata h the folrd.atio!. This la$€r t!?e ie ao etim63 caled a Watar.sprcailtsg IraE or Irlke beaaule iB Eai,r purpole is to rertarge the l,nde,grourd eater supply. Dete io! dalrs are also corr! rudod to trap s€dheot Th6e are often 6lled Dehls lraDs. Deirglopable As33, N.r The ponion ofa site tLat can be u3ed for deBity calcr rtiolr3. SoEe coEm@ities calc-l4c dersity baaed otr gross acieage. Public or pri\Bte road rights.ot-c.a, are rct hduded h the B6t developable adeage of a siae. Datelopable l,€rd Irnd that i3 suitoble as a localion for strudur$ alld thaf aa! be developed ftae ol hazards to, aud witholt dirruption of, or sigEilicaDl ilnpa(t o!. latuIal ,esoorce 6reas DeftloDar An i lividual rrho or busin6s tnlt plq,ar6 rax.lsnd for the colltro.aio! ofblildiDgs or cau3€s to be built phFical buildirg qDce for ule pdEarily by oth6G, snd iu *hich the prep8ratioE of tte hld or tle crearior of the buildirg qale is in it6elf a bustoess aad ls aot incideoral to strothel busio€$ or 8rtivity. IlstrBlotr EeEt The ph)6ical edensioo and/or coBtrudion of uban l8rd usrs Def,eloptned 8dilitica iBdudq subdivisior of bd; coDstrudion or allerstioD of allu(tules, 16q4 ntilitleg aad o&er facilitiGi ;(rn,tida of septic slateEs; gtadiuS; depGit of rcfose d€brit ot fll daleiials; aad cleariDg of @rural vegetalive cover (\rit! t[e e,..el)tion ot agrioltoral adiviti€s). Rourine repair aad maintedadce adivities are txeotrted. Deftlop!!! Fce (See 'Inpad fee.') Developneat Rlgit3 The dght to d€i.elop laod by I land ow:rer who mlintaiEs fee*imple o*oe6hip ovEr tLe land o, ty a party otller tlr! t[e olller c,ho hss obtained &c rigbts to dlrelop. Such rights usualy are eryressed in terE3 of dcDsity alowcd ulder 6i6tiog rlaing. For esaople, ona d€retopDre right may eqllal oDe l,ni! of holsirlg or Eay equ.al a specfic numbe. of square feet of gross floor area in one or Bore qleaified zolc distrids. (Seg 'Inter€st, Fee'and 1ntelest, L€ss-ttaa-fee,' aud 'DevelopDe Rigb8, Tft!6fer of [TDRI.') R.r.6/91 DevBlopBslt Rlghts, Trarfer of (fDR) Also !m*[ as 'Transfer ol Dfirlopaent Creditg' a progmm tiat .aa relo€te Dotential developeeat Loa areas wheie propored land use or eotiroloedral idpact! are coDrit€red udesirable (the 'doaot' site) to anotier ('receivef) eile c[o*a oa the basis of its ab ity to a.coEEodare additionsl units of d6,elopdeo! betord tta! for $,htcL it was zorc4 qith Einillal environmenral, sodd, ald aed[etic iEpa.t6" (See D€llelopEe1rt Rights) DIlcourage, 9. To advise 01 De$u8de to refrain fro&. Dbtrdolaa, Dsdsto! As used i,r CEQA a! alrio! t*eo by a goverdrental agcoay tlat calb for the €Bd3e of judgEerl i! de{idiug $.hetho to appove aad/or how to cary out a Droje& Dblohdor Elimioario! of I special diltrid; Ge opposite of formario& IrktlbldoD Use (See'warchousilg Ure.) Dtsdd (1) An ar6a ofa city or coulty t[sr has a uique chars(,er ide{tifiable as difer€ol frolB sorrourdiBg sreas beeuse of disiidive ara[ite(tu&, streets, geographic f€atE€s, (olt6e, lardlnarLr, adivities, or land uses. (2) A poltio! of the teritory ofa ciry ol co&ty c,ithi! *&ich urifona zoling r€ulations ald reqoirc&etrts applyi a zorc, DlvEtalo! Tte direaioa oflvatei io a stle&r away froE iB ,atural course (l?. as itr a divereion t[st reooves lrlter froE a stread for huma! osa). Dn'.rdty Diffeleac6 aEoEg otlelpire sindlar eleaent3 t[8r give tlrem un&ue fo.Es 8nd qoalities ,.8., housiag divellity car be achieed by differ€trcrr i! l,nit sizg renurg or cd- D[d A detr&ed brdldirrg desi{tled fo! oc@patio! as t[e r6ideEc€ ol t*o taaili€g liviug hdepeodeady of cach other, with eacn fanily living a!€a defircd by 6Qarate fee fdle oqloership. IhDles A detached building uader single owaership tLsr t desi$ed for ocqTatio! as th6 rGidence of ftro laailies liviug independently of cach otber. Dwellng Uutl Aroom or Sroup of.ooEs Qacludirg sleeFirg e.ring, coolitrg and enirstlon fari&ies, bd not Erore tlan ooe kitchen), ehi& constitures an hdcpendeat houseke€trhg u,l , ocqDied or ifteaded for ocqrpan y by otre houlehold oB a loig-term basis, EasertreDt Usurly the righ! !o ule propelty oe[ed ty anothe! for specific pu{'os€s or to gain aac6t to alother prope!$,. For €6asple, utility clEplnies often hatt €aJeiis s oa the pdtalc Foperty of iudividuals to be able to iDst ll aad fuint.in lriiity facilities. EaleEe[t, Colrservedo! A tool for acquiring oper space rrit[ l$s tian lull"fee purchaje, rrhereby a public ag€ocy buys ody c$taio spe.ific rigbts froE tte lard orrtrer. 11e6e liay be positiw dghts Grotiding &e public wit! thc oppolturlity to hl,nt, fish, biLe, or ride over Oe la!O, ot thry eay be r€sttidiec dShB 0irnitins t[e ules to rrhi.[ t[e land owaer rlay d6./ote tte lrtrd io tlre futurc.) 14 Rc.61n Ealsesnt Sceblc A tool &at allogrs a plblic ageacy to u6e an orrncls lrnd fo, sc€oic snhencedcnr, suc[ at roadside landsEping or vi3to pr€€rillioD. EcoIoS/ The intenelationship ofliving ttrin$ to oft aaotier aod tLeir eoviroDrienq &e study ofro.h ilterrelationships. Ecoaotdc Base EloaodicBare theory essentialy holds tlsr the srrucure ofthe eaonoEyis Eade up oftpo brcad cla6s6 of produdive efronabasic adivities ttat Foduce atrd di.tlfulre goo& 8!d strvic6 fo! ereort to 6rEs 8l1d indiliduals oufride a defin€d loaalized ecoaodic ar€6, ond aoabasic adivities wh6e goods aDd senice3 are consumd 8t tome \ri$in the boundgri€ ot the local ecorcaic rlei" Vie*edanot[er c,ay, basic adiiity el$orB goods aad s€xvices and biDgs rcw dolsB iato the area; nor-basic adivity terir.dlares dollars pithia the arc& Tti! distiDdiotr holds thst the re8on for tte growt[ of a pa.rticolar r€gior ir its capodty to proride the &ea[9 of l,ardetrt for raw Diatelialf foo4 snd selvic€s thal th€ regiotr aantrot Foduce itlell and also 6upport the uoDba3ic adivities tbar are priu.ipaly lo(al in !,rodu.riee scltrr.ad Darlet area (See lDdustry Basic' and lndustry, Non-basic) EcoEomlc Devalnpheat CotnE&glon (EDC) Aa agency charged aiG aeekiBg eaorcEic dcrelopiaent projed6 snd ecoaonic espalrlio,l at Lighel eo!'loyaent densities. EcodlBleB Alr iEteradiry s,$eq fomred by a biotic comauity aEd ia ph,,si.al €oiiroDlledt' Eldrrly Holllng Typi.ally orc" aBd t*o-bedrooa aparurcesls or coudoEiDiurns desigoed to aeet the nee& of pe$ons 62 yesrs of age ard older or, ii morc than 150 uniB, persoDr 55 y€ars of age and older, and restfided to ocurpancy by theB. (Scc'Colgegate Care.) EBerg@ct Sheltlr Afacility th, provides imaedide aod short-term horBing aBd suppledentsl seriice. for tle [omelesa Shelters coDre i,l Eany sizrs, but an optioua 6ize it cosideled to be 20 to 4l] beds, SuppleDredtal services may ilcludc fooq counselitr& aud acc6s to other socid pograns" (See 'Holncless' ald "Tlansitiood Housing.') EEhaEt DoEah The righr of a public e[tity to acquire prirare property for public lse by condednrrio,n, aait the Pal'aent of i*t com,ensaliolL EE&sloD Staulsrd The E8xiBu& artrount ol polut rt IeBlIy pcrEitted to be disaiarged froE a siDgle sonrcg either Eobile or statiooaly. Elcouaagq v. To stiEulate or loste, a lDrticular c,lrditioB throwh dilec o! hdirect adion by t[e prirale sector or govemment age[ci6. Ena"rlg?rd Spcd€3 A s?eci€s of ani&al or plaBt is coDsidercd to bc cndaqercd wheD it! pro$etlr ,or sulvinl aad reproduaioa de h inmediate jeopardy from oae o! Dore ca!8€& En 16, Belent Nf, Tte dillereBce betc.erlthe ercr$,ploduced alrd the eaerry required for Fodudior. including tte iidirc{t enerry con3uaed in the manlraature ald delivery of coeponed!. 15 R."5/91 EDtance, v. To iEprove esiding conditioB by ircs€ariDg tne quanfiy o, qudity ol b€de6.i8l ur€s ot foatures. Etrvlrctrmatrt cBQAdeloB environEient as the ph,6ical cooditiols $bich (sid \pirhia tLc area vhich $iI be affeded by a proposed proje.i, iicludirg la8q air, sater, Ei[eraL ior6, taona, !o'8€, and obje&s ofbi$oric or a6tletic sig!i6ca&e.' Mrolrnlltal Lnpo{f Blport (EIR) Areport rquh.d ofger&rat pLBs by the Califorrda Bnrirolr!.n&l Qudity Ad and rrdch aslesres all tle eEvironse al c&araceristics of atr area atrd deterEiter \f,hat rtrects o iBpad3 c/i[ r6ult if tte area ir altaed or distuibed by a Foposed sdio!. (See'CaliforDii Ervironmertal austty Art ) Efllronlnental IrtrFqcl Stateruent (EtS) Under the Narional ENiroiaenral Poliry Acq a $atcment oo the efre.t of devcloptrot !'lopGsls aad other rnqior eCions ttar 3igniricaatly affect t[e enlirouroe{t. Emslo! (1) The loo!€oing 8,1d trsrrsporratio! ofrcct and soil d€brie by ritr4 raia or r@ning xater. (2) The grsdual wearing ac,liy of the upper laye6 of elrtb. fra.dou A coDaibDtioD or pala[eit required as an aolhorizad precoaditioa for receiting s developmeut perB4 lso.olly lefers !o raard.atory dedi.afio! (o! fee ia lieu of dedicafioD) requirco€dts foutrd h nany subdivisioa regulation., EED6stvr SoIs Soils t[at {well ehetr they absorb flale! 6trd shrilt as tlrt &y. ErFort elnplryEett Use An adMty that Foduces ard/or dirtrib6es goods .nd 6ereic.s fo! er t6 Ra,.5lYr I-aod - do not iDclude pubricly owned lrnd! fol vhi.& therc is an adopted polic, prardring agriqntor.l tl!e. btae Faalod I,rd sbic,h hls tle best coEbin8tioD of phJdral snd cheni€l .trraateriltirs for tte FodudioE of GoIr& It h8s t[e soil qualty, gloeiDg .easo!, 8nd laoi.*ore rupply needed to produc€ su$ained bigh yiel& of ctopd crheo treated arld !tralrge4 itrcludiEg $!ter henage!treiq a..!di!g to .orreor fanning dettods. Prifre Famlatrd lrusi iaee be&used fo, rhe produdiotr ofiEigated (f,ops vittri! t[e last th&e years. Forrrl@rd ol &a@ld. [email protected] Ltrd other ttao PriEe Farmlaqt e/hich h8s I Sood coEbirarion of p\dcal aad a[e6ical cnaraclei'lltias for the production of ciotrB. It tnult have be€o Dsed l@ the plodudion ot inigated ((oF witti! tlle las tblee yea8, Orna.e Fsrriod Irnd ehi.h does lot Ee.t thc citeda for hirle F8lrhad or Fartn&ld ofsta&$id. IDrponan€, th, is qrrenoy used for the Drodudioa ofspecific high ec@oniclalue 6op6. Ir hrs the special combiDatiotr of soil qudity, lo.afio!, gro*iog s€a3oa ed moirtlre supply needed to produce sustahed hjgh quality oi bigh lield6 ofa speciic ciop $te! tleafed rnd eanaged acaolding to qll,ent farEing Bethods" Fc pLs of suci caop6 Bay iaclude oraog€g olivEg svocado$ dce gfap€$ and qlt floner& Farilod of Lr.ol lrag o@ l41d olier tias hime FareLs4 Farelad of Statt|9/ide Inportarce or U[ique FarBlsrd ftar is eithe, orlrendy produ.itrg .cops, or thrt hss the capabnby of produdioD. This bnd aay be ioponatrt to the local ecortorny due to its PIoducivity. @AL@td Irnd o! shi.& the €ri.tiDg vegetation, whetlel grown !,attEaly or ihlolgb manlgeEeit, grazing is suitable for or browsinA of lir,.ltocL Tbie ^lie 11 Ileld Act Legi.lado!, pa$!d after a 19tr Long Bead €arthqusee thar colap.ed 8 school tlat established lrore6tringent structursl lequireDrslt! ard dsdards for consfudion ofec&oolr thln lor other buildings, nrdbg(8) Tte r6ultG) ofaa inve*igatioa atrd the basis upotr which deciliorr are made. Fttrdhgs 8re u3ed by goveltrrleot ageats 6trd bodies to justiry sdior t*€o by the e ity. trlrt Eozard Zole An arca xfiere, due to 6loIE, tueL eeatler, oi otier firc"rclated co lirioas, tle po&rtid loss of life aud property ftoln s fue le.eisitat s qrccirl fue protedio! Eea.lrles and plrinhg befor dereloprent oc(ol& IiE{eststlve Ableto sittstald spedficd tenrpe8tur€s for a cert8in period ol ti6e 3uc[ as s ooe-hour fre sdl; lot firproof. Ilrcal lEpa.t Alalll3lg Aprojedioa of tle dire.t public costs aad leretrues rGultiug from popularion o. eEploym€or ^hrrge to the local jt dsdidionG) io which tie chalgc i6 r"Ling pl8ce, Enabl8 locsl govemmenB to sialuatc lelative fucal Eerits or geoaral plan& specma pbn6, 6 froie(,& Irtscal IE!6ct Report (FIR) A report Fojeding tbc public co.t! aBd r6'eBues tlar eill r€sult ftoE a propG€d plograE or developEelL (See'Fis.al lBpad AsslFi&) Ftood, 100-Y€ar 'fte magnitude of I flood espeated to oacur o,t thc avetage €vely m Fars, based o! hi$odcal dal& The 1mye8r flood hls a 1lm, o, otre perce . .haoce of o..orriDg i,r ary give[ y€ar. nmd Insurarl.. Rafe Map (I'!RM) Fo! each coluiuniry, tte ollicial aap on vhich the Federal I[suruce AdEinigratio! Lrs deli&8ted .r€a6 of special flood hazard and the risk geraiura zones applicabte to tlat coaa.llnity. Irood Pl!I! The rolarively l€rel laad ar€a oB eitter side of the b8!Ls of s stream regulsdy ruqe6 to f,oodiig. Ihrt pan of the iood plaitr subjec to a one perc.nt cn&ce ol f,oodiDg ia lny .area give! year is designared as an of specisl flood haard. by the Federal llsolarce Adriuilctatio!. Flood PIsh f'dlse A[ laud betweer the floo&ray and the uppe! eleBrion of tie lGyear flood. Floodway The aurnnel of a liver ff other watercou!€ 8rd the adjacer land arcas thrf ault be reseded in order to dk harge t[e'base llood. without orEulatieely in (€6sing the qater sulaaa elelaliotr ,:rore tha! ooe foot. No develoldent i9 alowed i! ioodwats. noor At€a Rado (FAR) lte gross flool area pemitted ou a site divided by the totd net area ot the sitg rspiessed in decida& to oBc or t*o plac6 For eralaple, oa a site with m,m net sq. ft. of Land arca, a Floor Area R8tio of 1.0 qiu allow a lnsrimue oi m,m gross sq. ft. ofblildiEg floor rr€a to be built. Oa tie s&re site, an FARof 1J eould alow 15,m 6q. ft, offloor area; a! FAR ol Z0 would aloe 2Om sq. ft; ard an FAR of 0J sould allow oDly 5,m .q. ft. Also 18 Rslnlgr corrrEorrly lred itr zoain& FARstlTicaly are applied on a pa&el-by"parcel b6!is ar oppo€€d to rtr avelage FARlor .n eotire lrld ule or zoling distli.t. Footprl4 BoI ng footDrlat The oudine ota buildiug at all ol tiole poillt! ehere it aeets the grormd Fartiray AhfuL-s!€€4 high-caFcity, limited-access tra!6portation ladity serinS regional and co@tlL Eide tlavel Such roads aie fr€€ of lolls, as cortlased rith 'turnpiles' or ot[€. loll ioadd thlr arc uow being iatroduced iato Southrra Calilorlia. Freecats gercroly ore !!ed for lolg rips betwe€! Eajor lald lse geh€rators. At l,l,el of Sdrice E'thet cary approxio*ely $75 vehides Der lane pel hour, io bott dire(,io!& Major st eets (dN at a differenr glrde lerel Frr.do! Faraor Constraiat applied id a tratrrc dodel to iDiroduc! an appiorxiEado! of codiriou riat erit on stre.ts in s dty o, routy. 1'h6e coBalitions r€duce the sp€ed of trafic asd tlre d€sirlbility o, sp€cinc [nb ia tle net*orL upoB nhici the tol[c model dslribdes uipo" E'Bllples arc ftequelcy otloct"speed o$ve$ fteguenq ofdrivc*ap oarowness otlan6, ald Laak of tumiug Lallca al iBtcrsccio!3. Gafsliay A poi 610!9 I road$ly eatering a dty o, couaty at vhich a ,notorist gails a r€dse ol [lting left th. eNirons and of haring eatered the city or comty. C*lttal Plan A coBperdioE of city or county policies regading its loag-terE d(,velopmel1r, i! thc fota of laap3 ard a..&panying ted. The Geaeral Plan is a legal dooueat required ol each lo.al ageacy by the Strte of Califomia Goveoment Code SedioD 65301 asd adopted by the Cty Couadl 01 Board of Sup€rvilors. I[ Catiforlia, tle cenerd Pha has 7 uadatory elenr€r s (Cir(rrbfion, Colservatio!, Holsin& I.sld Use, Noir., Opeo Space, Ssfrly and Seismic Safety) and &ay irclude any ouabe! of optioul el€ttenrs (su.h as Ai. QEalny, EcoEoEric Derclopme ,llrzardous Woste, alrd Parta ard Rearclfiotr). The Gaecal PIan may a&o be .aled a 'City Plan ' 'CoBpreheDsive Pla!,' or 1{r$e1 PIsn ' Geologlc Rrflter The a@Iysis o, geologic harads, inqludilg aI polentid seisnic hazadn sorface iu trre, liquefa.tiotr, landslidiDs eudslidi!& and the poteEti.al for erosiotr and sediEentdioD. Cdlogtcal Pertaining to rocl or solid ealter. GoaI A gercIal overal, and ultiEate pulpose, .i!0, or eod tocard whicn the City o[ Coonty rril dired effort. Gra.Ery Flat (See :Second UniL') Grasslatrd! Irad r€serged for pastudng o! ,uosiE& i,l \rhia[ grasses rre the predorrdlalt vegctalid. Gllslhousa E fe{t A term used to describe the $/arEring of tte Earti's atlrGphere due to acc@ulated aarbo! dioride atrd othel gases in the uppor atedrl,hele. Ttde gas6 ahorb co€lgr adirt€d ftom the E€rth'6 6urfacg lrappiBg' it in ihe sante manller as glass in a gae€dho8e tftpo h€at. L9 P.'itflsr Crourdri,6ter Water Eder the earth's surface, ofted conf8ed to aquit 16 capable of sll4,lyiug \rels atrd s!'dlgs' Grouudcafer Rechargp The aatural l,locesr of itrfilrati@ and percolirioa of raiffatar ftom land sleas or 6lr€s s tbrowb permeable soils into water-Loldhg ,oclB thlf proride uadergroEd ltorage Caquifers). Gmlrp Qlrartel:8 A reside isl livilg anangooeat, otLer than the usual houre, ap8rtEeaf, or Eobile Lo!!e i! vhich is,o or Eore uEelsted pe$ols shrre ,iviag quartc$ and cooling hdlitios. hsdtudolal goup quste$ indude rsing ho8es, orphsn8g€s, and pdro!& Non ltrstltrdoDal group qufiers iudude doiEitori6, ehelters, ard l.Ige boardinghoos.s. Growth IvfuE8gernEut The us€ b)' e coEliuolty of a wide ralge of t€r5rriques in coobiotioa to drteratog the aliorEt, t ?e, and ilte of dct,elopnieot deired by the coEaErrity and to dali.l ttat grorptn into designarcd ar€a& Growth frrnrgeeent policies (aB be iEpleBenfed thoug! gro*tL ,ate$ zoring capitd iDprovcee prograes, public fadities o.dinaac€s, u$an liEit litr€g naadad! for leveb of servicc ald other progrses (See 'Congestiou ManaSeEoot PlsL) Goldelli!3 Gercral staleeerts of policy direoion aroond whicn sp€.ift d€Jails &ry bc htcr €stablist€d Gltdr|wsy A roadsly systern tha! guides tbe vehides lsing it as well as supponing the@. The 'Eorlorsil' is oBe such s!,stee. fte d6t fsiiiliar and niLro3t used goidoray io tne railroad Most guideoray tsalsil qDtedr date use ofvayside ele.tical !'0$'€, for proldsi@. Esbttat The phFi.al lo.ariotr or t}?e of eBiirolrnett i! rrii.i an organildr or biolo8ical pQolalio! lives or occxrs gar llaDpd A persotr deterEined to have a ph#cal iEpsirEelt or n€ot l disorder oe€cted to be of lolg o, indeinite duation Many such ilnpairEe[t or di6orders €re ofsuch I nriae that a DersoD's ability to live iB&peEdeotly .a! be Lnproved by appropriate houring cooditiols Barardous lvlatedal Aay substarce thst becaue ol its quantity, coacedration, or phJaical or .h6rni.al c[ancteri6ti.s, Doses a significa]rt pres&r o, potetrtial hazard to huarn h€a$h atd 6ol€ty or to the eoviloaDen! if relealed ilto the wottplace or the eBriror!:reol fte tecn includ8, buf i! aot limited to, hrzardous 6ub6talces aod hrzardous sa$e& Blgt Oc.opalcll Shsctur€ All ple-1985 buildings wit! over 25 oGrpants, and aI pre"1yl6 buildings eith Eore thaa lm occupart5. Blgb Oc.uDar{, V.Ude (HOD Any vehicle other thsn I drivd-oaly autoaobile (ag. a raopool a bus, or two or aoie persoDs to a car). Elghray frgh-spee4 Ligh-capadty, lieired-ac.e.s ualsportario! h.ility 6ening r%ional ard cormtf wide traiEl Highxay6 uay c.oss at a difrelelt grade le?el Et[drt6 Ird that has an average pelclnt of slopc equrl !o or elceedilg fiftcetr p6ce x R6r5/91 Slstorlq Hlstodcal A! hilrodc buildiDg or site is oBe ttst is ,rotec/odhy for fu siglificance in tocal $are, o. natio[sl history or crltl,re' its arc.hite.torc or desig!, or ils c/orb of art meoorabili& or artifaccs. Ulrlorlc Prastrrrado! The pr€senarid of historicaly signilicaDt strudur8 aad neighborhoods llltil su.b tiEe aq and iB order to facilitsle, rcstorafon ard rchabilitation ol the building(s) to a foEief, aonditio!" Eoltra oc([tladon A coaderdal adivity conduded solely by the ocsrpsnts of a pani@br dc/eling lair h I Brlnef, iBcideotsl to residedti8l ocorpatrcy. Eoltrdass Persons aBd faeili€s who lac& a firc4 r€gular, alrd adequafe dghtiEa r€sidloce. Includas those stayiig h tempomry or eEergelayshelters or c&o are accoaaodsted sit[ ftioo& o, others sith the urdentanding tlar shelter is being providcd as a hst reso( CdifoEia Holsing Elelletu larv, Se.tioa 65583(cX1) re{uires all citi€s ard counti8 to address tie housing B€€ds ol thc homeless. (See lBnergeucy Shelter' ard 'Transirio!.1 lloust0g.) HoLl A fa.ility i! vhid gpest roolis or suitcs arc offered to tte SeBeral public fo, lodging Eith or c,ithoul Eeals aBd for compensalios, add c/tere no proiisio! is made for cooking in any individual guest rooa or suite, (See'I,lotel) gouse.hold All those per6oE-related or un&lated-eho occq,y a 6gle housing onil. (See TaEity, Sotr9e[oldar Tte head of a household. Ho!!ehol&, NoEt€r ol The count of all yenr-roud housing urd$ ocqlpied by oBe or more per6oas. The corcept of househod is ituWttail becaute the forEatioB ol lew households geaeratG tte d€rnand for housiug Each ne* hourehold lormed .ieates the rced tor one additional housiug rmit o, ,cquir6 tlar oae erisirg housing orit be shared by two hous€bolds. Thos, [oDsehold foiBatiotr caa continue to take plac! evetr pithoul atr hqeaie i! populalior, th6&y increasing the deoaad lor ho"d"g Eooslng aid CorEEodty Dcrslopmellt DeparbDelt of fte Stafr of Calfonds (HCD) The Stare sgen y thal hrs pdncipal regonsibnity for sse$iDg. planning for, aad assi*ng coaEunities to meet tLe treeds of low- and ,[oderale-ircome hooseholds- Ilo[slng Alitorl9, Local CfiA) Lcat holsing ageacy established h Stare lac,. subjec to local odiiltion ard operario[ Odginsly intelded to rmnage crnaiB federal sobsidi€c blrt eested with broad povef,s to de,\.elop 8trd manlge other fores of 8lIo(rable housing. Bou3ltrg BsDsrt One of t[e scaen State-oaadated eleEreBt! ofa local gercral plan, it assess€s the esirniEg and projeded hoBing leeds of all economic a€gmeBts of tte coertunity, ideatifi6 potedtid site3 adeqoafe !o proride tte aDout and kind of housing rcede4 aIrd co[taiBs ad,opted goab, policiec atrd iBpleeeatation prograas for the preserralion, ibDrovemelt, aid def,eloplrcdr of housin& Utrder Srate Iaw, HousiBg ElemenB mll6t be updrfed every fiee year& 21 a,.,6l9t Uoudlg aud Urb! IrrtsloDDelt, U.9 Departuent ot (HUD) A cabirct-l6.et depalheaf of &e federal go,€flra€or t[at adfiiniaters hou$g and conmunity dd,elopaenr plogrllns. Eourbg Unlt The placr of p€fmsncnt or customary abode of a p€rro! or fa&ily. A housilg Don &ay be a singlelardly dqelitrg. a ,nulti-taoily deelling a cradoEiDiuD. a l,roddaI horae, a Eobllc home, a coopelalivg or 8r1y otter r"sidc"ii"l unit considde{t real property uBder State larr. A hoBing urit has, at lelst, coothg faciliri€s, a b6rl'o@, aEd I plrcc to sle.p. It 8bo is o ds.erling tbat calr,lot be Eoved pitlout substantial dlsage or @r€asolablc coac. (Sle Dc'eling Uuit' 'Faaily,' alld alo8€hold) Hydroaaibols A fa8ily of coEpouds cont8irilg ca$o! .ad hydrcged h vadous co8binalio8. Theysre eoitted into tie ateosphere fioI,l ,aalula(turi!& sto&ge and hlldliDg or coBb!!d@ of petroleuE produds and though @tural ploce.se& C€rtain hydroca$oB iltemlt rith ,ritrogen orid6 i! tb. presetrc! of ioter$e $:rlight to forn photochenicat ai. po[dio!. Idendty A coEsi$cdt qudit, l}at males a city. placg area, or building @ique ald gifts n a distiiguishiDg cblradcr. lmqge The EeDtal pidurc or iniprcasioD of8 city or place t .keD fioo derory and [eld in c@oon by Erernbers ol rhc coneutrity. ItnDad The efleg ot alry dircg ean"eade actiols or hdireat oftna&Eada adiols o! disting phr$.al, social or ecouomic coaditiors IEDad F€e A fee also caled a devolopBeit feq leried on the developei of a l,Ioje(t by a dy, cormty, o, other public ageBc!, ai codl,ensation for othereis€-u Ditigated i6poc& the proie{r lril ploduce. Califomia Covefleeat Code SedioD 66m 6r Jdq specifes tlat d6,eloprtr€6t ,cca rhdl trot ricred &e cstiBatcd rersosable cost of proiiditrg tie s€rvics for Ehia& tha fce is charged. To lawfuly impose s de"elopme fce, the public agen y lnus ved& its aeltod of caloiatioa aad doculae[t prope! restridions oE use of thc fimil tEpaded Afta! Censls tlaats rrhere rrlore thaD 50 perclot of fte dweliig units hoBe los- and v€ry loc,-incomc hoBeholds- Imper.eloB S[ifacs Surface tlrough which $"t$ aanaot penetrate' sua& as ,oo[, roa4 sidcq,a[a, asd p@9rd parting lol The arBouit ofiEperviols su.rface iEa(eases $ith ddelopmertf asd eslblirhes the Beed fo! dlaiosge facilities to calry the inq€as€d luaoff. Implelreltado! A(tiols' procedures, pr rsms' or techdques Oat carry ouf polici6. IElrrovelrelt The addition of oDe or Dole structues o! utiliti6 oo a parcal ol land" hdlreradon Tie bt rning of lefuse at high tenrpemrues to reduce the eoluoe of paste. Iucor!'oradon Creation of a nes city. 77 R!,.5/9r Inc"'hstor SDa(. Retail or ind!.idrl space that fu atrordable to !ci*, loE fsrgia blsiB€sses Iid!8dal Thcmarda(tule, produdion, alrd procqsing of.o!8uEer good& Isdoltri8l is oft.odivid.d into leavy idusrrial' ll!€s, such 8s nJtrudio! )ard& qulrryhg and facloridi .td ligE iadusuial' useq suci as res€arch 8rd de!.elopde and lo33 inreEive rarehousiag aad t@nufactudrg. Inrlustlsl Pa.B Omce Psrk A planned asssrblage ot buildiugs desi$ed for "lyorkpLace U8e.' (see 'wod.place U86.) Ind[sEy, Baslc The segnent of econoaic adfuity tlrl brings dola$ to a regio! &oa oth€d qr€a& Traditio@l rs8liples are ma@fa6urin& frining 6nd 8gd.[ltue, Tlrc lrod[at3 of all of these activit'ns are.Bported (solo to otner r€gioas Thc !!otr6, thrr3 btought hlo the lo.al e.onoEy is us€d to pur&!.e lo.aly"prorided goods ard renices 8s eell a3 ltems ttal 6re Dot available lo.ally aad that Eust be iErported frod otie( regiols. Oth6, bss tradirioial €Empl€ ofb8ic industry are toudsm, higher eduorion, ad tetiremeir aliitili€s ttal also bring nes Bone, into a region tndusEy, Non-badc The s€gneot of ecorlodic adivity that is suppolted by the ci!@latio! of dolrs ritni! a r€8iou. Eraopl€s arc tio ctole6ale' retril, 8trd senice firadions thai supply goods ad rarricB to locsl soorcls of demand 3uc[ a6 blrine3s€s, public ag€lrci€3, lrd househol& Infll Ddeloprneut DerelopBeDtofvae ladd (usullly itrdividual lots or left"orcr prop.nies) eitbin ar€ds thlr are alresdy largely developed. bfrastr8cllr:e Public s€rvicea aad facilitieC such as s€esgeiisposal sJ6tee!, vfier-6upply q$€rr& otler urility sy6teos, and roa&. h Ucu P€e (see D€dicariorl In lieu of.') lDadffiotral Use (1) Pubtcty or prildely cnded aad ope&red acivities tlat are i$iifrio!8I i! laEe su& 6s hGpitals olselras, sld s.tools; (2) c,hurc,h6 and other religious o1gadzatiolsi snd (3) other rcnprofit adivitiB ofa rvelIarg eduational, ot philanrlropic tratae that .a! lot be coasidered a r€side ial coeeercial o. itrdustrial adivity. Inter.ageuc, Irdicar$ cooperarion belreen or aDrctrg two o! more di!6ete sgencies h regard to s specifc proglarn. ht rBq fe. Entides 6 bnd owBer to ei4rcisa complete coBtrol o!€r u3e of lard subjeaa oDIy to goi€rDee land use tegulatioDs. Iulint8t L88-than-fee The purc[ase of inrerest i! lald rather &!r ouEigh! ownerchip; includes the Ptric&lse ol dcr,alopnrEr rigbts via caEsenation" open E oce, or sceBia €asement& (Sea De,rletoprrrcft ItighB,' 'Ebsemelt Sce!ic,' 'Ira!e,' ard Lealehold Interesr.) I[trtol6eDt SftaE A stieaE that rcn raly flocs for at least &nty (I) daj6 after tie la$ Eajor tain of t[e scasotr 8trd is dry a lrrge pan ol &e year. a Ri,vil9t IDrportaot u8ettled cooouniry oancrs or probleEs that are ideotified in I coddunit s SeDelal plan and dea.lt wit[ by tbe plalt goals, objeaiveo, policiee, plan pro,p@b' rnd iEpleoertatioB progra!8 Jobs/Horslng BolaDcq JobsAourlq Rado lte arailability of afrordable hou3itrg for eErploye8. The joh/housilg ralio dirides tLe numbe! ofjobs i! a! area by t[e oumber of employed r6ider&. A ratio of L0 indicates a balance. A rario greater t[8a 1.0 indicatB a let in-coEmuq l€3s thas L0 irdicatos a let out-coaniute. Joltrt Pov3I3 Anttority (JPA) A l€gal anange&ent thal elables t*o or Eore urdts of govelnrlelt to shsre adldity itr order io ph! asd ca.ry oul a rpecific prog.as o! 6eJ of l,IograEs tbal s€!v6 both uni& Lond Bar*hg TLe pul.base of lad b, a local gover!,rellt for ule or rcrale al s lsle, date. Bar&cd lands' have bee! uled for derelopEeBt of lo$,- sad moderate-incorne houlin& e*puioa of parts, aad developBert of indusnial ad coBsercirl cente!!, Federsl rril-banl(itrg la, aloeg ,ailrcads to balt utrus€d rail corddors for firfirre rsil uJe vhile allowing int€dE Dse rs tsails. Irr tnlrk (1) A buildiDg; sitc objed, slru$ure, o, siglincaat E€s, bating bidon.sl ar.nncdBal socisl, or oituttl siglifience aud Batk€d for pleser$olioB by t[e toaal drte. or fedaaal gorqlmelt. (2) A risualy ploEineBt or outJtarding stru(tuIe o, natual l€oture thal fiIodions as a poiBt of orientatiod or ideotificatio!. Irrd!.aung Pkrtiigdilcluditrg tree$ shrubs ad ground coversdsoiilbly dosi$e4 s€l€de4 itrsrle4 aad BaiDtafued as to eD!!ac! a site or rcadc,ly peaEdleBdy. Lenddld! A general tenn for a lalling !ra3s of 6oil or rocl(s Lond U8e The oc@palioa or urili*tion of latrd o, pater area fo, aay honan acirify or aEy Fnpole &fined in the cenerel Plen- Lald Use Classri(ado! A q6teri fol dass8ing and d6iglatirg the approp lte use of propertie& Iald Uie ELorEt A required elehert of the Genelal Plan thar us€s ted aad &ap3 lo desigrsrg rhe futqr€ !s€ or relse of knd vithitr a girc! juisdidiou's plalrdng area. lte lard ule elemedt seflres ss a guide to t[e stru6uri{g of zoning and subdivisiotr coarolg urbar reBcr,al ad capital iErproveraents prcgra&s ard to ofiicid de{isions ,egsding thc ditribulion and i ensity of de?eloprnent ard t[e locatioo ofpublic facilitiB and opeospare. (S€€1vlrlldatory El€mert) Ia[d Use Rsgulaooa A terE eBcoEpassiBS the rcgulation of Lnd in geoeaal and oftea used to E€oo thore reguhlions hcorporated iu the Gederal Pls!, as distiu.t from zoniDg r€ulstioDs (rrbic! ale ,,lore speciric). L& DarNlght Avelage Sound Level The A-$,eidted aversge sol,nd leeel for a givetr ar€a (Eeesured in de{ibels) dudng a 24hour peliod pit[ a 10 dB *eighting applied to nigDr-tihe 24 R.vtln sourd l€oels. The Ldn is approriEately runiericaly equrl to the Ct{EL for 6o.t eavironsentSl settilgs. Leare A conusqu.al agrcetaclt b, \rhic[ ao os/n€r of r€al propeny (tie tesor) givrr the riglr ol pocrcssion to snothe, (a bssec) for a specified F iod ol tiEc (teE) ad fo, a sle.i6ed considerarion (reao. Iasstold Interss! (1) The iDterest tiat tie lessee has iB the rallte of the lease itself in coadeanatiol arpard determinatioD- (2) TIIe diffelence bct*,ee! the total ,efrnhing ,ent lmder the lease ald tLe rent t[e l83€e x,odd (rrr.rltly pay ior sidila, spac! for tLe saEe time p€dod. L* The ercrgr equilalelt lelel derined as tle avelrge sould l€rel o! the bads of sood eoe|r$f (or souad pressure squared). The L- b a'dos.ge' t,?e aeasure and is the bssie fot tL€ des.dpors used b crr.rreat staadard{ such as the 24-[ou CIIEL used by the Statc ol california" I5Iel o, Servrce (tOS) (1) A scale Oat Deasutes tbe arout ol trafiic a roadPay may be capable ol trndrmg otr a roadsay or st thc iotcrseation of roa6ra,i. Iarels ruge fronr Ato F, with A repe*otiag the high$t lcvcl ofs.ivic!, as follor6: L€td of Wce A IEdicates 8 r.latively free flow of trallic, lrit! litde or ao limitatioE on vehicle eove&cnt or @- Leljd olban:c B Des.ribes a steady flov of tlafrc, vith osly slight delaF in vehide dovem€|nJ aid speed. All queu€s clelr in a single signal qcle. L.ed ol ccc Dcnotes a reasonably steady, ligb-voluoe flow of Eafic, c,ith some lioitations otr movcDteot aBd spd, alld ocaario&l backups otr critical af'proqc]hes LeEl of Savlce D Denotes thc le"el \rbele t slfrc nelrs 8n uirtable flov. Iatersecrioos dil fildioD, but sho( queues develop aDd cais l,lay have to \rlit tnrough orre clale dEitrg short pea&s. Levd ol Satirz E Desgibes rrarlic characte.ized b, slos moveaeat alld fteqoe (altolgh lroaeotary) stoppag.s. This t),pe of coagestiotr is colsider€d 66v€re bd is lot uncoDEoB at [,eal ttalfic hours, lrit! frequeut stoppin& lons-st8dhS que@s, and blocked iElelsections. I2yel ol Sai.. F Describes unsatisfadory stoP'and€o trallic (iaradelized by tatrc jans. and stoppages of lotrg duration Vehiclesat signalized intersedions usoaly have to ir lhrough one or Drotc sigDal clsnges and 'upstream' idersediotrs rnalr bc blo&ed by the long queucs. (2) SoEe commuDities ia California ere developing stan&r& for lerels o, sorrlce relaring to ,uulicipal fundioDs such ss police, fire aad library seflict. Th€se rtatrdrrds arc incorporated in the Geseral PIan or in separate 'IJvel of Sedice Plans.' R.rilgt Ufs-crcle Cost !g AEethod ofeealuating a capital itrvestllte tLal t*es ioto accounr the $rm totol ofal co!t8 assodsted qit[ the invBheut ove! the lifetiEe of tle projea Lght (dot ) R8n 1!6!!lt (LKI) Tlreet .a$' or lroUey .a$' tnat typically operate eatiIely or subst&lirly in Ei ed tl!ffic aad in aoa-tdusive at€rade rights-of-rvay. Posselge$ typicaly board vthiql8 ft@ tlle stre€a lev.l (as opposed to I pladole tlal is level with tte train) and the driv6 rlay colb.t fat€s. Vehides .Ie each elettrically sef.proFlled Bd usudty ope.a& iD ole o, t*o.car ttliD& rrhr.qg. Witb r€s@ to jobsAolsiug balaac., a prograa designed to ofrset the iEp€.t of edplolde otr housitrg rced s,itLin a coarunity, vherehy plojed approval is cotditioned o! tle profi.eion ol ho!6ing units or the paldeDt of sn equiwleEt in-lie[ fee. The lil%e proSr8E ,nul( €stablish thc aauss"atrd€fled relationship between a D€ltr, colrmecial 01 iudo!fiirl de,velopdent lnd tie iocieased dellaad for holsiu& Llque&.don The tralsforaation ol loore Fater-salurated gpnular oatcrials (suah a6 s6ad oi silt) ftod a 6olid into a liquid state. A type of grould fail!.re thar .an ocori dudtrg .n earrhquste. Lo.al Agtlc, Formatfm CoEElrdon 0.AFCo) A ive- or saelr-lneEber coE ailrion sithiD each couty that Ieriec8 ard craluaier all proposalr fo! forrrution of spe.id districts incoiporaliotr of.itier, arn€ati@ to speciat di$i.ts o, citi€s, coosolidatioa of disuids, and Eerget ol distii.ts pith cities. Ba..h couat/s IAFCo is eapowered to approvq dirapprove, or coaditiotaly aptrttove o.h propos.L. The five IAFCo I,1eInbe'3 gc!.ra.lly indude two coodty superviro6 tr,o cfoy corircil liembers, and oBe DrcD$er reprcsaoting t[e geaeral pub]ic Sotoc lAFc6loclude two ,epr6eftdir'6s of special dttrids. l4t (Ser site.') Lot of Rrcord Alot that is pafl of a rc.orded subdivisioa or a parcel of latrd thlr L8s bee! rccoded at tho coutrty reaordet's offic€ conlaiuiig property tar records. Ial'-llcolre Aouse.toltt A household sith an suual incoBe lsually no greafcr t[aa & percent of the a&a Eedian f&rily incoDre adjDsted by holsehold size &s delcrEined by a survey of iBcod€s colduded by a aity or a coollty, or in the ab6eoce of such I slwrg, based on the lates availablc eligibility lioits established by the US. Dcpaneent ot HolsiDg atrd Urban DeldopEeot (EUD) for the Sedioa 8 housiltg progra6. (See 'Are&) Lw.I[coEe lfoushg Tar Mltg Tax redudiols provided by tie federal ald State goverlments for investors iu housing for low-ituoae household& Lro A*ari$i.rl des.riptor indicatiDg pea! loise levebdrhe sound level €sceededtea percrlt of the tiEe. It i9 a caaoosly used d6tdptor of coErronity [oi9e and has b€ad os€d in Iredeial lftgheay Adoinistlarior slaldar& r.trd thestr lar& ol soee cities sd corEties. Mahtal& v. To keep itr an esisting stlte. (See ?rcs.rvc, v.) 7t BrrS/91 MandatorJ Ekmrlt A coErpoEeat ofthe Osle.al Pla! Eandratcd byStlre Ia\r. CaliloEio Stlte la\, rcquir8 thrt a Getre6l PLn iodude eleEerfs dediig ritl *reu subje(,!-ciro iation, holsin& hld olei noilei open space 8ud safetf.ard speaifies to larious d€gae.3 the inlorBdiou to be iEcorpor8ted in each eleEerlt. (See'Irrd Us€ EleEelt.) MsnEfarfuEd no[stlg Reside[ti.l st u.tues thd arc con firded €drirely h the faltory. 8Bd that silce Ju[e 15, 1976 have beea regulsfed by &e federal Mlrrllfa(tlred Uo|!e Co tuodiotr a[d Safety Siaodards Ac of 1974 uder tle adfiin;.trat'ioE of the U.s. Depalm€dt oi goustng and Urbatr D€celopEetu (HUD). (S€e Uobile Hoee'and :i{odular UDn) Matrb Any arca desigated as n.Ish or sxaDp ou the largest scale Uniled States GeologicsorvE, topogaphic map most receBdy published. A earsl usually is al area pedodi..ly or peldatrently covered with shalow plter, eiti6 fre3h o! sali[e May That s,ttich i! penaiEeible. Mtan S.a k!,d The average altitude of the sea slrface for .ll tidd stlg€s. Mdtan Stdp The diridirg srca, eithcr !6ved or landscaped, b.tween opposing bnes ot rafic on a roadc/ay. Mello-n@ Bosds Locally issued boDds that are r€paid by a specid tai ioposed oa property ocmels eitbi! I 'coDaunity faciliti€s' distdd established by a govelaee al eotity. Tiebond p.o.eedr can be used for public iEproveBelB and lor a lidited aurber of serrices. Naoed after the prograe'3 legislative auttors" Mcr&IIl InLlrlty Scale A subjedive m€asure of tle obeerved efro.ts Oun!tr roa.lio8, sriuduisl d"-sge, geologlc efieals) of aa earttquste. Expr6sed in RoEan drnerak AodIto) n Rl!,5/91 Srial n€igbbodood porL of spprodEsrely oDe a.re or lEB. MlDtslsdal (AdElt lrbattve) De&ton An adiotr taken ty a govemrrenhl agelcy t[af lolloxs ostablished procedl,res and lul€s a[d do6 trot cafl for tte csercise orjudgEent h dedding vhitt€( to approve s proie.t Mfttrt!, v. To aDElioratg allcviatg or aroid to tic esteai reasoalbly feasible. Mhed.rDe Propenies on phich vadous usosr such !s otrtc!, coEEercisl itrs&utional aad residtdfial are conbined in a sirgle buildirg or on a silglc sitc in au integlted develotrE€rt Foje.r pith significant ila.tiossl int€rrelatioEhips 6id a coh6r.6! ph,aical dedlF. A.dogb ee. aay irclude coaliguous properties. Mobue IIoEe A sfiuatufe' tralsportable ia orc or aore sedioD& boilr on a D.f,naneot a&a$is ald designed for ule as a silgle"faoily dwelliag mit and thlt (1) hr! a oiiiallo of ,m 3qulrc feet ofliving spacei (2) hrs a eirimum Eidth ir1 €acess of 102 iacles; (3) is coaaeced to all arailable perli8tre urilitiq 8,1d (a) is tied doa (a) to I p€rEane fouodsdoa on s lot eitler owned or leased by &e homeoeuer or O) is set o! piers, with vheels r€rnovsd asd skifie4 in a rnobilc holre parL (See 'Ivfaaufarcured Housilg' ad 1[(odol,r U!iL.) Modqate.lucor& Houlelold A houehold q,ith a! alnual itrcoBe betyeeE t[e lowe, incooe eligibility lhns ald 120 I,€f,ced ofthe are! lnedia! faeily i8come adj!.Ced by houJclold 6ize, usualy as €€Aablir[ed by the US. Departnelt ol Housing aad Utbar DevelopEelt (ELrD)for tle S€dio! 8 Lousing progrsDL (See 'Area' atrd 1,ow-income HousehotL) Modr sr OUX A hcory-fabricare4 ranspo.table building or oajor comtroaat d€signed fo! lse b, iBell or for incoeoratioB vith 6ioiilar urils oB-site iito a stlu(tufe for r€aideofial, coaEeldal, eduerioul, or itrdustsial use. DifteB ftorr rnobile hodes aad Esnufa(t[Ied nolsitrg ty Ctn additioa to lac&iug ar ittegral chassi! o! perm8llelll hitcL to allow tutEe Eov.r!6dr) b€tog subjed to Califomia housiug lae de3ig! st ndalds, Cdlifomia .t!nd!r& are Eore r€.ci.tive tt6n federsl stordlrd! i! soee respeds (a& pftmbiug 8nd ercIgr c@s4rYatto!). Also .alled Factolt bullt Houshg atrd regulded by State lav ol ttst title, (See luobilo Home' ad Ir{anulactured Housirg.) Molel (1) A hotel fo, dotorist& (2) A facility in ,which gue$ iooEs o, 6uit6 re ofrered to the gercral public for lodgiig rlith or without rrrca& 8nd fo! conpeDsatio!, and \rh6(e gq.!t parkiog is provided in proxiBity !o 8u6t rooEs Quit6 ofteD, proviiio! ie liadc for cootinS h itrdividud guest rooEs o! 6uites. (See'Hotel') Muldplr FaElly Bdtdirg A detached building desigaed 8rd used eiclusively rs a dpelling by tbree oi rnore fatlilics oco{,yir{ separate suites. Moldpller F,fi€ct Th6 recirs ation of morcy throwh the e.orcmymultiplies iB impala on job6 and ilcoEc. For ersEple, EoBey paid as salaries to indlstdal add oflice \rorLers is speot o! hooliB& foo4 cloth€s and other locally"aililable goo& ad selvicos. ltis spendhg ((ea!6 job3 iu LousiEg coEstrudio!, retail storcs (a& groclry aod drug stor6) asd piote$ioarl oftc€s. Tte sage psid to r9olkers in those iadustries i3 sgai! ,e"spent, .(eafi!g 6ti[ dore jobs- a \s.5l9l Ove!a[, oaejob in basic industry is BtiEared lo (.eate apprqiEstely one Eorejob iB non- basic itrdusEy. Molt Thlt whi.h is Eardsrory. tladon l Ardlent Alr Q[afty Sflndails The prescdbed lrrel of polutsn$ in tie ourside ai, that calsot be eseededlegaly dudog a specfied tiae ia a specilied geographical are& Nldotrsl Elvinmnetrtsl PoIc, A.t (NEPA) AB ad possed iD 1q74 BtablishiDg federal legisllrio! fo, narioftl envlrolaental policy, I council on eariroDmeital qlality, aid tie requireEenE for ooiiaodrledtrl iapalt $Stedenl& Nadolal llmd ltrsurance Prcgrara A feddal progran tilt auriodz$ tle sale of federslly subsidized flood bsuratrce i! corrrsmitie3 vhere suc[ flood irsualce is rct a!1rilable pd',,ately. Nadolal Hbtorlc Prlserradoa Aat A 1966 federal law thar Btrblished a Natiolal R%in€r of l[lioric Pbces and the Advirory Coutrcil od Historic Preseryatio4 and tba! autholized gralts"in-aid lor praselviDg hirtoric prope ies. Naoolral R€glster of H&tor,lc Plrcrs The oftcial li3! Btablhh€d ty the Natioisl Historic Preeriation A.t, ol sitcc di.nt6, buildings, siiu.turer ad objeds signili.art in the nariotr's bisory or n[oso attisdc or ar.&itedural ralue is unique. I{anrd Sta& Ite corditio! erising prior to developBent. Esse[tial or required. Neetl A codditiotr ,equiriug supply or relief. The Ciry o! Courty may a.a utrnn 6ndin$ of need withio 01 on behllf of Oe coDuiuniry. Nelgbbortood Parl( Citf o! Couty.ovned la8d ideDded to servc the re&ealioa ueeds ofpeopte litiug or eorting \rithio oae-hlf mile Edius ofthe pa*. Ndghbortood UEX Ac.ording to orc widelFaccepted concepr of pl6&iag, the ueighbortood olit should be the ba3ic building block of tle city. It is bascd o, rle elemeot{y ecbool riih oth€r codauDity faqiliti€s loeted st its cclier and afleiial sueets at its peaiEete!. The di.rqnca ftom the school to tlle periBeter shodd be a coBlonable *"lkiB8 d&taace for a sclool-age c,hflq t!€re vould be Bo tlrough trallic uses. Limitcd iDdustrial or colimelcial would ocqr o! ahe periEcter rvhere arterialr inlers€d. This l,t3 the model for Araeliaan suburbaa der,elopEodf .fte! Wo d War tr Ntirogid (XdeG) A reddi.h bsowtr gas that is a br?rodud of coobosion atrd ozoae forodion processes, .diny Often refelred to at NOX tnis g8s gi!t3 soog its ai/ appea&nce. !{obe Any sound tlat is uadesirable beaauae i! inlcrIer6 eith speoah and Deorin& or i8 iutedae ercugh to ddrage headn& or is otbcrwisc anDoyirg. Noise sioply, is .lrrcanfcd loond. D R,'tSlcr Nob€ Aateaoadolr RedudioD of the l6,el ofa Boise source using a substsnce, Esterial, o! sudace, soch as G€lth ben,rs dld/or solid conaGte i/alljr Nolse Contonr A rine connediry point3 of equal Doile lcrel as beasDred oB the sarar 6aale NoLe l€rels greater t[aa the 60 Ldn couloE (Inea3ured in dBA) require noire att€duation ia resideofial deaelopEelrL Nobe flmmr One of the ser,€ll State-Eaidared ele&ent6 ol a loaal gederal pl8a, it asges.ses aoile lgi.€& of highs/a!6 and fteewaJ,s, locsl 8ne.ids, Dilroa&, airpo6 locsl indusEist planfs aad othr grourd statioEary solrc€s, and adopts goals, policiec qnd iopletaedario! I,Iograos to reduce the cooaunit/s eaposue to Boile. Non-atlalnlrslt Ite coftlition of lot a.hi6,i!g a dGired or requied letd of perfon!8nce. Ftequtarly ared itr refereac! to air qudity. Nos'coDfondng Use A u3e tbsl was Elid l,hes brolgbt ioto eristeoce but by sub6eqlelt ,eguladoa becoa6 ao loager coaforning. tJo8-cosforEiDg use' is a gelelic tcrm atrd includes (1) los"codorning stluctur€s Oy rirtue of size, type of costruation, locafioa on laaE or prorimify to other 3tructur€s), (2) norrcodondng us. ofa corlolming buildiD& (3) uo!"aodoraiug Use ofa soB-coDforrriEg buildin& ald (4) trotr"codoreiug use of lad. Thus, 6ny use lacduly eristing o! any piece of plopirty tl.8l b incoEisteut nith a aew or ar€lded G€oeral Plaq atrd ttat ia tum is a violation ofa zoiiig ordin nc! asetrdEenr eubceque ly sdopted ia conforoalc! wiih t[e Gel1eral Pkn, will be a notr-coDfor6iEg u!e. Typiaalr, non-conforaiDg us€s are lErrritt€d to colti,lue lor a desigaafed period oftiEc, subjaat to certain retridion& Notie (of Hiarhg) A legal docdoent anno|mciug the opportuity lo! the public to pleselt their iiecs to 8s official rePle3e afie or board of a public ageacy @aceruiry an ofi.isl actiotr p€uding befole tte agency. Obredve Aspecific stsredent ofdBired irtule cotrditioa to$rrd $,hicn thc (]ry or Coutrty sil @€od efron io ttre conten of srfving to aciieve a bloader goal An objedive 6hould be ac,hietable .nd wh6e pocsible, sLould be aeasurable ad tilac"spe.ifc. The State GovemE.dt Code (S€{rion 653O2) require tht general plais spel our the 'objedives,, pthdples, liandsrdf asdploposalsoithegeoeralplstl'IheadditionoflmuDitsofafiordrblcto[sfogW195' i6 atr eiatuple ofaa obj€dive. Ofice Park (See'fndussial Pa .') Omct Use Tle !.6e oiland by gsr€ral business offic.q Bedicsl alrd prolesrioaal offic.q rdnini(fillive or headqurters ofiices for large wholes8lilg or manuradudog operatioD$ alrd r€searcb 6trd developEr(,1L Omdsl Courty S.enlc Hlgh$Ey A s€g4eat of stale high$/ay ideotified h the Ma$er Phn of State lligh*aF Bliglble for Ofiicial Sceoic Higbway D$ig@tioE and desigrared by tUc Diredo, of the DEartutor of T&nsportlrion (C6ltrans). 30 R.viPr Op.o SDa.e EI.Iaeut Ode of the s6.en Stlte"mandared eleiiell3 ola local geBeral pb!, it contahs sn intaeorory of privstely ald publicly oeued opea-space Isnd!, and odQied gorl9, policieq add iEpledentalioa pr%raes for t[e pr6ervalioa, protedon, and d8aSgemcot of op€o spoce hs&" Op.o S[are lald Aly parcal or area ol hnd or qate, thr is es!€Etislly utri8proved ad ddoted to @ opcd space usc for tle purposes of (1) the preseNari@ of lltulal resources, (2) the Ealaged produdioa of resources, (3) outdoofuedealioq or (4) public hedth ald 6sf6ty. Orchlnl Agroup offrBit or Eqt tte€q either siBall alld diveB€ sBd grown tor hoee u3€, or latge and uniforo (le" of ode rie4) asd orltivaled fo! r6,eaue. Su& a coledio! m!!t be pl&rrd, EaaaSed ad rell€i*ed by tle householder oi farrn.r and shodd not be lolilsed pllt a naturaly ocufiing grove, CitNs aad nut plaatatioas are cortouarily caled groves, OtdlDance A law 01 regol,atioa set folt! aod sdopted by 8 SoverD.Ercatal authorily, ususly a &y or couaty. Odtdoor AdvBr&rry SEl ture Atrydevice used o, hteded to dired attention to a blsiBess, prol€ssioq coBdodity, s€rrice, or eoteltaillmed coBdude4 sol4 or ollered ebewherc thatr ulotr the lot whef,e suah d,6,ice i3 lo.ated Oltdoor Reqladou Ure A pliillely or publicly o*ued or operated use poviding facilitier for ouldoo, ,e.rcatio! adilitie& fuer Approach Zolr Airspaa! iD ehicn an 8ir-trallic cottrollea init'rates Isdlr aonitoliug for ilaorniDg 0ights approa{.hing an .ieorr Otar,lay A lad use desig"atioa oa the 14d Us€ Map, oI a ziniEg dosipatioa on I zonfu aap, tlrt ,rrcdifi$ tie basic uderlyitrg deigDatioa h soEe specilic Esnne!. Ozona A ni-rtoaic fora of (slBeB (O3) &ealed uan&Iy id tLe upper atEosph€re by a photocueoiel r€ddiolr eit[ solar ultsaeiolet radiarion" Itr tte lo$tr atrrlo3phcte' ouode is a re.ogniz.d afu pouutant that fu trot eBitt€d dire.aly ilto t[e eaei.onaedt, but ir forEed by coapl€s deeical readions b€tseen orides o, nitroge! aad rea(live orgardc clEpolEdj in the p!6seac€ of suolight, a.!d be.om6 a major ageot h the formarion of soog. Para-Ealslt Refers to tlansportation servic€3 and that operate vehicleq suctr as bu!€s, jitierr, ta:A; and lals lor senior ci!ize6, and/or Bobilitliopaired. Partel A lot, o! coltiguous group ol lots, ia siogle ownership or rr[de, sitrgb connol usoally crnsider€d a unit for purpos* of developEelt Pirldng Sharsd A public or priwe parking area lsed joindy byt o or aore uae& Parrdig Atsa, Ptrb[c An opetr area, excludiDg a street or othe, public ray, used fo. the parling ot aulonobiLs and aEilable to t[e publig $hethet for free o! for coErpeDlation 31 Rcrsp\ Pailtlg lrsrrageBent An.eolvilg TDM tcc"bniquc dc.igDed to obtsin lnariEum rdilization iotn a liBiled nlmb€t of Darkilg spac6. csn hvolvc pricing aid pIefeleotisl t&almelt for HOV8, tr@-pea& period users, and shon"terE users, (See'Higi Octolucy Vchicle'aad -Ira"sportadotr DeDm[d M3!agedeot.') Pa.Eig Bado The nbc! ol parling spares prorided pe. Lm squlie of rlool arcq ar. 21 or 'tvo per tloulatrd.' Psrktrg Spsce, CortrFct A partiDg Bpace (ususly 75 feei x/ide by 16 feet long vh€o perpeldio&, to I driv.flay or aisle) pe.niBed in solDe localities o! t[e asso,rptio! t[at Ea[y modeltr.afs lre sigDnca[tty smalle., s[d require less rcon, ttr n a staidlld autoEobiL" A 6c6filard ldrkfu 8!o!ei $heD perpetrdi(riar to a &ive$ay o! aisle, is lsualy 85 Ieet ride b9 A fe€t long. Parls Oper Aace l&rds wh6e pdnary purpose ir retreatior. (See'Op€o Space Iln4' 'CoEmoDity Par&,' lnd 'Neighborhood Par&.) Porlfldy AD €r.pt6srry or freesay desigped for lolr-comsercial Eafic od,; osully located sithi! I strip of la8ds{aped park or natursl vegetatioE. Par&cay Sdp Apie.e oflard locared b€tsee!t[e r@r ola (rrrb atrd t[e fro ofa side,sdk, ulusly lsed for plantiDg low grouud cover 8Bd/or sfieet Ee€c aLo L!os! a6'plarte! !frip.' Pos3lrc Solar SF&m As)6tem thar distsibutB cole{ted heat iia dired tralsfer froE a tteroal Drsi Ether t[an Eechariral power. Passive 6lrteiis rely oa buildiDg desi$ and D[tedab to coled ard store heal a[d to 6oate oatural ventilatioa fo! coolitrg 6ee 'Adirc Solrr S$teE.') Pado Udt A det!.i€d single fanily Imif tpi.aly situated olr a reduced"siz€d lot, thar odents oEdod adivity withia reir o! side )6rd patio 8r€a! for better utilizalio! oft[e site for oMoo, livlng space, Payhack P€tlod The nuDber of yea$ requiled to accumulate saviigs or poli! equal to t[e wlue ot s popos€d ineesment Peak Eo[r/P.ak P.rlod For any given road$,ay, a dlily period durilg c,hi.b traffic voluEe is high€sf, u$rly ocor,tiog iD Oe mornirg alld eiening comliute periods. Where 1F la!,els oI Sewice are eorountered, tle leak houf Bay sfetch into a'peak peliod' of seversl [ours' dtratiol|" ParforEanc! Stindaads zoniug regulatioB that permit us€s based on a paninrlar let of 6trndlrds of operaliou rather tbao ou particubr type of use. Perfolaaace strndsr& provide sp€aific aritarir lirnitilg uoiJe, air polutioa, emissions, odorc, vibrstio!, dusl, dirt, glare, bert, 6re h!z8ids, *lsieq tsallic iEpacts, 6nd visual impag ofa ula Personsl Servlcr3 Selvices ofa personal aonvedeBce latulq as opposed to produds t[8t are sold to individual conaunierst as coBoasted q/ith coepanies. PersoDsl senice3 iEclude barbei and beady shops, ehoe 8nd luggsge reFir, fo.tule teue6 photogapherc lauudry and cleaiiDg servic.s alrd pic&.up narions, copying, repat and frtting ot cloth.s, aad similar selvic€& 32 R!!.6/9r It dcal Dlvastty A quality of a site, city, or regio! i! ehi.b arc fould a lad.ty of ar.&ite(tulal ltylcr, lriol8l lauds.apes, and/o, land us€s, Pilolc AI3a, GmuD Two or rore picoic tlbles reserv€d for us€ by 10 or Eore p€r.oD! equipped eim pi.oic tablec ba$e&e n8nds, and Bay be prodded rith a roofed 6helte!. Ha! Ll!. A pre{ile line that ostablishes tuture &bts-olsay eloag aay ponioo of an €siliirg o, propoced street or highnay ard t[rr i6 depided otr I nrp shos/ing tle srreets ard lot line or lia€s ad the Eoposed right-of-eay lineq aad the di*anc€ tlereof ftoa the e{Cablish€d ceDtrrline of tte sreet or higheay, or from €ristiDS or established !,!op6ty lia€, Pla.End CotnmuElty A large-scale developEear vhole esleltial featEca are a dcfin"ble bouddary; a co"qirtcnr, bur trot uecesasrily lmifolE, chlredcr; overall coDtrol dudrrg the det/olopaent proc€ss by I siryle d€rElopEeut edityj private o*aoehip of rcareatio! aoeriti*i sad e|rforeoreof ot coveiaotg coaditionat and r€stridiors by a Baster commuoity associafioo Pla!trsd UDlt lrcvetopEelt (PUD) A desdiptiotr of a proposed l,nified developeeat, coDsiatiug al ! rEinimtE of I arp and adopted ordinarce settitrg forth the regulrions gor.errdE& and the locarion aad Dta6g of !I propo3ed us€s aid iaprovemeDts to be i&luded in the development. Planlhg and Rts€arr!, 001ce of (OPR) A gover ieltd division of t[e State of Ca]ifomia tlat has aloong its respoaSiliti6 the preparation of a set of guidelines for llse by local jod.didions in drsftilg Gederal Plarr& Planltig Arsa The PlaDniry Are3 is tlle laad area ad&essed by t[e CeBc.d PIan For s city, tle Plaroriry Ar€a bou&ry typicaly coitrcides pit[ the Sph6e oflolloenc€ tlat etuomposs6 laad both *itiin t[e Oty Limits and pote[tidly a&esable land PldnrlnC ColrElcatol Abody, t 6ultly haviag five or slren llemberg aieated by a city o, colEty iu co"lFliasce c/ith California las (Se.tiotr 651m) that requircs tle aseilome[t ofthe planning f6ction! ofthe city o! coutrty to a pl.allling departme , pl,n ng codsission, hea rg offic€rs, ad/oIfhe legislative body itsef, a. deeEed approprisle by tie l€islative body. Potlc, A specific stateEent ofpdu.iple or ot8uiding a.tiols that iopli€s cl€or corrrrnibn€d b,rd is not msndatory. A geoeral dire.tio! that a gorernDeDtal ageacr set! to follov, iD ord€r to Eeet its goals and objedive. bofore uDdet*ing 6tr aclioB pr(8mm. (See frograrn ) PolEta!t A,ly introduced ga$ liquid, o! solid ttat Eakes a resouce unfit for its ,lorEal or u$al putPose Polludo! The preseBce of matter or eBerg/ l,hose natuer locatior, or qualtity poduces undBired eotirctuiedtal effects- Potlndo& No!-Polnt Sourc€s for pollulio! !h!t are les defimble and usually cover broad 8reas ol ls!4 soc,h a6 agiodtual lrnd *it! fertilizers ttat sre .afiied f.oa tte hld by flrcf, or autoBobiles, 3 R!,ril9l PolEdo& Polnt In ,eferenc! io paler quality, a dircrete sollce ftoE lrticL Dolulion is gror'tted beforo tt enters reaeiving wlters, such as a s€i er out&ll a 6ookesladr, or 8tr itrdosfiial 9!$e pipe. Powrty Lera As !6ed by the U.s. Census, faeilies ard unrel8red ilditiduab 6re .lr v REi.,.P\ Racognlze, v. To oficirlly (or by om.ial a!lio!) identi& ot petceive a Siven situarioa Rraaado& Acttve At ?e of re.Ieatiotr or adivity tbat requir€s t[e lse ot o8arized play areas iuclEdiD& ba Bot liEdted lo. softbal, basebal, footbal dd soccer fields, teDris ad basketbal coEts 8td larious forBs of childrea's play equipaeal Re{f,eaoo& Pa$tv8 Tpe of rerreatioo or aoivity tbst do€s ,rot require the ure of oigsDized phy area& Recrcle, v. The pocess of eilradion and rdr66 oi matelials troo \ra6te l,roduds. Redevetop, v. To derrclish esisting buildings; or to in iesse tte overall floor arca €sisitrg oa s !(op€ftJl or botb inespegive ofl,het[er a cballge ocq,rs iIl Lald ose" Brglolal PertaiEing to adiriti€s o! ecorcDie3 8l a scale Ire$er tn,8n thar of a siEgle iud6dtcdoa a8d afie{aiEg a broad geographic !te!" kglonll Hoolbg Nleds Plsn A quantifi.atiotr by a COG or by HCD of €ristirg atrd projeded Lousing Eee4 by [email protected] iacode grou$ for all loca.litiB ritlin a region Reglolrl Part Apark q/picaly 150-5m 8(re3 in size fo(rr3ilg oD adiviti€s and natural f€atur€s aot iuclutld in most other typ6 of parls a8d of!€n ba3ed on o q,ecifrc sa€oic or rearealioaal opportuaity. kgdadon A rule o, order ples(iibed for Br"oqing goverleeat RetahlltadoE Ile lepain preseltation' &d/or iniprovemeat of substsnd8rd houlin& R.3aarf.h and D.trelopE€lt Uss A ule elgsged i[ 6tudy, testiug, desigp, aral}si., aad erq€riEertal dcrelopraelt ol produd., proc€sses, or r€rvicB R!3td.ldd Ilnd deiglared in tle City o, Couty cenelal Platr atrat ,oding odinrnce for buildiryr coD.ilting oDl, of dselilg ulits" May be inrprore4 va6B! or uaihFoved (S€r D*€[iEg Utrit.') Resldtldal Mddpld Fa.Dtl, Usually tbree or more d*elliag units on a single site ehich oay be in the same or sepalate buitdihgr. R.sldeidal Slngle-faeIy A single dseliEg urit or a building site, Rs3oorce3, Non reuesable Refers to ndural resources, such as fossil fuek 8nd latural gas, which, once use4 cartrot be rephced ad used agai!. nestoE, v. To rcueir,. rgbuil4 o! leconst uct to a former state. Rr6trL! v. To checL, bould, or decf,e8€ lhe ra[ge, scope, or incideace of! parti@lar couditio!" R.{endo! Bo3h/Rct ldon Pod (See A)deDtion Brsin/DeteBtioD Pond.') 35 B.lrslst ReEodt v. To add matedals ard/or ddvicB to a! lsidrg building q 3ylceD to iEptove ts operatioq safety, or e0iciencr. Buildings i6ve beeB retrofiBed to use soht enerBr sid to.tlengtt€d tteir ability to flithstald eadqua&es, fo, esanrple. nrftrse ABldty Morlgageg Alome fil,rciu8 l,lechalrisd t!61 enablB s hoEreo$lervho a Seoior ciriren to relcase eqEity froa hi! or her home. The senioueceives periodig potdeotr thar (atr bc pur to iE rediate ure, I.oa.trs are fixed tera and are paid \rhen lie house b sold 01 wheD tlc t4f,e elgir€& Rlrolhs An ro€odrlelll to lhe map aad/or terd oi a zouiDg ordiDance to efre(, a cllatrge h the &ture, d€Bity, or intensity of !6es allosed in a zoafu di$ti6 6nd/ot o! a dc-g""red parcd or lald 8re& Blctter Scale A Eessure of tle siza or ele!ry reletse of an e3nhqoale 8t its rource. The scale ig t%adthEiq the eave aoplitudc ol each uumber on the s.ale i! 10 liaes groa&c rl![ rlst of tle pr6,iou3 Ttolc nuebe!. Bnl€shar. A traeel Eode othcr $a! dliving along such as bus$, rail tra$it, .arpool& and Eopooh. ndgrllle A liuc conllcaing tbc highest points aloag a ridge 8l1d sepsraliDg dtaiDsge basiB or 6dall- s(ale draiuage sr:rteEs froo ooe aaother. Rlght ol*a, Aslrip of land ocopied or inrended to be oc$pied tv certaia aaasporatiot aad public use facilities, such a3 roa&r,alq roilroadc asd ulility lin6 Rlparhn Ir!& Riparian lan& are coErprised of the vegetative aad *ildlife arcas adjaceor to pereorrial 8nd ifterrrfttc nreaEs. Ripaian ar€as are deliaealed by tie esi6te[ce ofpblt speciee nornally fourd rcar freh$,ster. Rl8& The daDger or degree of hazard or poie[tial lo$. Rln0fr Tiar portioD ot r8in or snorr tlal do€s trot pelcolate into thc ground atr(t is ,ll"cisr{ed tofo streaus insteld Safety Elonenl od6 oftle sevco stare.maidated elemc[B of a local seneial plan, it con&ins adol,td gosb, policies, and iopleaeotation plograe! for the plotedio! of t[e coE rrrrrity ftoE any l,rxrea3onable risks ossociated wittr seisdic and geologic hszads, f,oodi!& asd rildlad and urban fres. M6ny salety eledents also incorporale a le,rier of police deed& obje{tiv€s, facilities, and serdcls. S8t tBry Se*er A sisteB of 3ubterraueaB conduits that aarries reflse liquids or vaste oatler to a DlaDl ehele lhe selvage is treate4 as coBtrasted pith store d&ioage srBleea (tist aarry surraae *ater) and s?tic tank or leech fielals (that hold r6fir6e liquids and snlne Eadel o&!ite). (See 'Coabitred Sewer' and Septic SysteE.') Sadtary lrldllll Thc coBtrolled placement of refirse withio 6 limited sfea, followed by codpodoa and covering niti a suitable thictness of e!!th dd otier coBiaiEm€nt Ealedal R.P6P1