HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES-Monday, January 14, 1980 the House Met at 12 O'clock Noon

42 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE January 14, 1980 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Monday, January 14, 1980 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. tleman from New Jersey (Mr. RODINO) versary of the birth of Martin Luther The Chaplain, Rev. James David Ford, is recognized for 10 minutes. King, Jr. Many of us, as individual citi D.D., offered the following prayer: Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, if Martin zens, will renew our commitment to the O Lord, we open our hearts to You in Luther King, Jr., had not been murdered fulfillment of his dream by reflecting on prayer and petition, seeking Your favor in 1968, if he were still alive, he would his magnificent life and work. and grace. Grant that Your word may so celebrate his 51st birthday tomorrow. On Friday, January 18 the Black Herit enlighten us that we may not walk in That seems surprisingly young, con age Parade Committee of. Newark will darkness, but that we may· go through sidering the passage of almost 12 years celebrate the memory of Dr. King at its difficult days with the knowledge that since his death. first annual Scholarship Award Dinner. You are with us, Your rod and staff do He was young, in fact, at the time he The members of the committee, through comfort us. was killed, only 39. their support of the Black Heritage Specially we pray for all in need, He was deprived of the great and good Scholarship Fund, are helping to keep those who are hungry, alone, or uncer years of what we call "middle age," and· alive the dream of Martin Luther King, tain about the future. Give all Your peo that loss is no less sad in light of his Jr. He told the youth of America that the ple the strength to believe in Your willingness, often expressed, to risk death message they should look to is not "burn abiding power and the promise of life in the fight for justice and freedom. baby burn," but "learn baby learn." eternal. Amen. It is equally sad that the Nation and I am proud of the efforts of the com the world have been deprived all these mittee's members toward the achieve years of the presence, the voice, and the ment of Dr. King's dream. It is fitting THE JOURNAL wisdom of Martin Luther King, Jr. that this event for the scholarship fund I know that I still miss his voice of in is taking place in the week of the anni The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant spired leadership, as deeply now as dur versary of Dr. King's birthday. to the provisions of House Concurrent ing the first months after his death. Resolution 232, 96th Congress, the ap I hope that after action by the Con But I also believe that the immense gress, all of us as a nation will be able to proval of the Journal of the last day's contributions of Martin Luther King, Jr., proceedings will be postponed until honor him by observing Martin Luther to the Nation and to humanity all live King, Jr. Day-a national holiday. January 22, 1980. on. The faith I expressed almost 5 years ago at a meeting of the Southern Chris SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED ANNOUNCEMENT OF INTENTION tian Leadership Conference endures for By unanimous consent, permission to NOT TO SEEK REELECTION me. I said then and fully believe now: address the House, following the legisla (Mr. HARSHA asked and was given They shot down the man-and they tive program and any special orders permission to address the House for 1 snuffed out his life-and the man died. But heretofore entered, was granted to: they could not shoot down his dream. For (The following Member

D This symbol represents the time of day during the House Proceedings, e.g., D 1407 is 2:07 p.m. • This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor. January 14, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 43

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

VIKTOR BELENKO AND THE Reader's Digest Senior Editor John Bar You can: still go back, a.nd nobocl1f wm ron has spent hundreds of hours with Belen know. If you go, tt's forevef"_, MEANING OF FREEDOM ko, and in this. penetrating account describes He let the plane gllde downward, hoping flrst the whys and hows of the Russian's the descent would be so gradual that the escape, then the startling effects of a free radar controllers would not notice at first. HON. ROBERT K. DORNAN society on a hitherto imprisoned soul. At 19,900 feet, Belenko suddenly Jammed the o• CALD'OBNIA As he had clone every day except Sunday stick forward and plunged the MiG into a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for four weeks, MiG pilot Viktor Ivanovich power dive toward the valley ahead, hurtling Belenko awoke early. · The flrst light was straight down to 100 feet. Here he would be Monda11. JanuaT1J 14. 1980 promising. He knew, almost certainly, th1s safe from the thickets of SAMs (surface-to e Mr. DORNAN. Mr. Speaker. I was would be the day. alr missiles) and anti-aircraft batteries. . somewhat taken aback . earlier this Above the vast forests stretching along He thundered through the valley and in month when it was reported that_Presi- the coast of the Soviet Far East. the sky two minutes shot over the Sea of Japan, then .dent Carter had changed his assessments was cloudless. In all likelihood he would pushed an emergency button which broad fly as scheduled. Lieutenant Belenko figured cast a signal indicating his plane was on the of the goals and intentions of the Krem tt should all be over in the next six hours. verge of crashing. Seconds later he shut down lin leadership in the wake of their inva At age 29 we would be either dead or re· his radar and switched off his radio. He did sion of Afghanistan. Though I confess to born into a new world. not want to be distracted by what any pur being. somewhat· surprised at such a . The awareness that he was looking for the suers might be saying or doing. statement. I think that we all agree that last time at his pretty wife and three-year To avoid detection, Belenko flew so low such a change is certainly better late old son, both sleeping, evoked little emotion. that twice he had to swerve to. miss hitting than never. . The marriage had disintegrated. He was fishing boats. But at sea level the MIG was Much of our understanding of the tempted to pick up his son. Nol He might cry. devouring fuel gluttonously. Unless he dras You wouldn't ord1narlly pick him up at thla tically reduced fuel consumption by climbing Soviet political mentality is drawn from hour. Don't do one thing you wouldn't to at least 20,000 feet, he never would make theoretical texts of Marxism-Leninism: ordinarily do. land. Yet he had not flown far enough to go The nature and goals of this ideological Belenko · dressed quickly, then Joggec:l to up safely to that height: he stlll would be commitment are not difficult to fatho~. the bus stop about a mile away. An hour Within reach of Soviet SAMs. The Soviets claim that the world is later, after a briefing at the · air base, he Better possible death' than certain death, undergoing an inexorable historical drew his flight helmet, oxygen mask and Belenko reasoned, pulling up into the clouds. development that will insure the triumph gloves. "Lieutenant, you forgot your life He had flown on a course of 110 degrees, of socialism and, eventually. commu preserver," a sergeant called. dead-reckoning his way toward Hokkaido, the nism. This is not the subjective· in Don't take it I Fool them I northernmost of the main Japanese islands, "'Thanks, but I won't be over water today.'• the one closest to h~ base. At· approximately terpretation of the gentleman from · The aircraft--twenty MlG:-25s-were 1 :20 p.m. he figured he was nearing Japanese California. or specialists on the Inter• poised wing to wing on the runway. Weighing 9.irspace and tnterceptlon by Phantom fight national Relations Committee. but an 2_2 tons, with twin tall fins, short, swept-back ers of the Japanese interceptors to 14!ad him understanding that comes from a read Wings, two enormous englnes · and a long 'to a safe landing field. But they would have ' ing of explicit Soviet texts.- rocket-llke nose, the Mi0-25 was one of the to find him on their own-his radio fre There is another aspect of our under most feared and closely guarded weapons ln quency band was so narrow he could com standing of Soviet society that comes the Soviet arsenal. Even among themselves municate only with other MIGs. from persQDal experiences and revela the Russians referred to it simply as I>roduct Both Phantoms and MiGs were all around · tions, from men and women who have . No. 84. The comparatively few young men at that moment, desperately searching for escaped, in. the language of Solzhenitsyn. chosen to fly the aircraft were an ellte in the Belenko in the swirling gray clouds. His plane Soviet armed forces. bad first appee.red on Japanese radar screens : from the "dragon's belly." Most of these On September 6, 1976, swarms of men were at 1: 11 p.m.• when-he rose to 20,000 feet. Nine are Jewish or Christian di~idents. But I making the planes ready a.t the Sakha.rovka minutes later, with the blip moving toward was especially taken by the defection of air base, near Chuguyevka, 120 miles north the center of the screens, the commander of Viktor Belenko. a Soviet fighter pilot. I east of Vladivostok. Trucks filled each plane the mlllta.ry base at Chlt.ose had ordered am intimately famUiar with fighter with 14 tons of Jet fuel and ha.If a ton of Phantoms to take off -for interception. At pilots; it was my own mllit.ary experi coolant alcohol, and pumped oxygen into 1:22, Belenko breach~d Japanese airspace, ence. The defection of a Soviet fighter llfe-support systems. Lieutenant Belenko and the Phantoms closed on him. However, at pilot has a special meaning, not only in climbed a 14-foot ladder and settled into the 1 : 26, as Belenko started to drlft down _in . cushioned s~at. ',J'he vari9u~ dials and levers quest of clear sky, his MIG disappeared from terms of what intelligence of a military in the green . cockpit were easily. accessible. the radarscopes. Without any more guidance nature he must bring with him, but also Conspicuous among them was a red button trom the ground, the Phantoms flew about in terms of our political intelligence. labeled "'Danger." Pilots were instructed to ,futilely in the overcast. John Barron. of Reader's Digest, has pregs the button should they be forced down At 1,800 feet ·B.elenko found clear sky, but written an excellent account of the or have to eject from the aircraft outside the no Japanese interceptors. He began to take defection of Belenko,· detailing the rea Soviet U~on. Supposedly it activated a timed ,1sua1 bearings. Chltose, he calculated, lay to soning behind his decision. I ask my col mechanism that would destroy the most the northeast, toward the middle of the leagues to· take some time to reflect on secret components· o! the plane. island, behind a range ot mountains still Belenko's decision for freedom. Belenko released the braires at exactly shrouded in clou~. The guage indicated he The article follows: 12:50 p.m., and the· MIQ1 surged down the had aufflcient fuel for another 16 to 18 runway. While stlll perilously low, he shut mtnµtes of flight. Had his purposes been dlf- · MIG.PILoT off the afterburner to conserve fuel. Also to ferent, he might have considered probing for (~Y John Barron) conserve, he ascended more slowly thaµi usual a sa.fe passage downward until his fuel was Por .more than 60 years the Soviet Union to. 24,000 feet and took. five minutes instead gone, then bailing out. But to Belenko, pres has been attempting to mold the New com of the normal four to enter Trainini Zone ervation of the MIG was more important munist Man, a Cl'ea.tlo:n able and wllllng No. 2. Beginning the wide 360-degree turn than preFervation·of his own 11fe. He c'ecided to carry forward the banner of triumphant that .ground controllers ~ere expec.ting, he to stay below the clouds, fly eastward past Marxism-Leninism. Lt. Viktor Belenko ap· sa.w numerous other MI0-26s ln the area. He the southern end of -the mountain range, p~ared to be Just su~ a man-handsome, rapidly was approaching the point of no re· then turn north toward Chitose. dedicated, ideologically pure. a skllled air· turn. For upon. completion of the circle, he A red warning light :Oashed in the cockpit force pllot of the deadly MIG-26. Yet. on would have to proceed~lther with the pro at 1:42 p.m.• and an instant afterward a September 6, 1976, Viktor Belenko defected grammed training flight or with his own panel lit up, muminating the wc;>rds "Yqu to the Wes~amattcally flying his plane secret plan. have six minutes. of fuel left." Belenko to freedom, bringing with him not only the turned . off the warning lights. Why be secrets of the MiG-25, but also vital in· bothered? Straight ahead he saw another sights into the mentallty of a talented mem 1 The MiG series was named tor' Its · de· mass of clouds, but he elected to maintain· ber of the Soviet military elite. signers, Mikoyan and Gurevich. altitude and. plunged into them.·

· • 'l·bU' "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which-are not spoken by the Member Qn the floor. 44 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 14, 198'0 Suddenly he was s~led bJ a dulcet them that way? ID time, as schools taught . sionary ·leadership Qf the gUted. agrono~ female voice-e~atlng from a recording him the verltles of .Marxtsm-Lenlnlsm, he Khrushchev, Soviet agriculture was over• he did not know extsted: °Caution, 0681 felt he understood. Man la but the product coming the errors of Stalin and producing Your tuel supply has dropped to an emer• of his social and economic environment. Cap- ever-larger quantities of meat, mllk, butter, gency level." . · ·l.tallsm created an inherently defective soclo· bread. · Belenko replied aloud: "Woman, wherever economic environment based on· se11lshness If we have· so much bread, why am r you are, tell me something. I don't know. and greed, a.nd exploitation Of the many by standing in line at 4 a.m., hoping I can buy Tell me where that .aldl.elcl'.' ta!~ . · ·· the few. Given such a defective environment, some before it runs out? There baa been no The fuel gauge ·: ~tood ·. .: •t e~~r.. .~nd defective human behavior was inevitable. The milk in all of Rubtsovsk for 1lve days and no Belenko guessed he· had, at moat,. two min· criminality, alcoholism, indolence and other meat for two lfeeks. Well, ~ ·they say, if you utes. The clouds had not dissipated: · there . aberra.nt behavior that persisted in the so-· want milk, Just take your pall to the radio. was nothing left to do. He pointed the Tiet Union were merely the ma.llgn&Jlt rem· . The population of Rubtsovsk included a.n MiG-25 down toward land and the nants of capitallsm. . abnormally high percentage of former CQ.n• unknown. Hls school maintained a superb Hbrary victs because most inmates of the surround· A CBlLD ALOlQ with a large collection of polLtically approved 1ng concentration camps were con1lned to the At 19, Belenko was a protoype of the New classics. The room was warm and quiet, and . city for llfe upon completing their sentences. .communist .Man t~ Party spoke endlessly it became a sanctuary for Vlktor. The authors Many were Irredeemable criminals h._bitu of creating. He stood Just over ftve feet, eight he read became. his true parents, thelr char- atecl to assault, robbery, ra.pe and murder: Inches, and had an athletic physique, devel· acters his teachers and., in some cases, hls Armed with knives or with lead taped to oped by years of boxing and callsthenlcs. A models. He saw in Spartacus, who had led their ha11ds, they killed people for no more Soviet television program once pictured Roman slaves in revolt, the virtues he de- than the gold ln their teeth~ him-blond halr and large, blue eyes widely sired in himself. Then the works of the They say the criminals are the remnants set in a handsome, boyish face-as the very French aviator and author Antoine de Saint- of· capitalism. But the Revolution was in model of a pilot. In their initial consterna· Exuper, unveiled to him the vistas ot flight. 1917. That was nearly half a century ago. tion, the Russians could not bring them· On a wintry Sunday afternoon a light air- All these criminals grew up under com selves to believe that Beleliko had vanished craft crashed near the factory where his munlsm, not capitalism. Why has our ·sys• voluntarily. They preferred to think-that lie father worked. The_wreckage was still smo1- · tem brought them up so poorly? had been lured by invisible forces beyond . dering a.nd ambulance attendants were tak- Viktor was _graduated from high school his control. In a way · they were. correct. ID 1ng away the body of the pilot, wrapped 1n a with honors in the spring of 196G. As part of bis flight from the Soviet Union, Belenko sheet, when Vlktor arr1 ved. The scene trans- the final examinations, he artfully wrote was continuing a quest that had motivated 1lxed him. . three papers entitled."Progress of the Soviet and dominated most of his life. Why did he dier Is there a God who decides System," "Crisis of -the Western World" a.nd Belenko grew up a child alone. He was who will die and when? They say that God 1s "Principles of the New Communist Man," born on: February 15, 1947. in a village only the product of superstitution and that whicJl faithfully regurgitated the dogma of between the Black and Caspian seas. When t~e whole world happened by chance. Is that the day. He achieved a perfect grade of Ave be was two, h18 father divorced .h18 mother, so? Do the trees and· berries grow, do the in social philosophy. but was not entirely took him away to stay with relatives ln the _cockroaches scoot, does the anow fall, cto we proUd because he suspected that not all he Donbas, the great mining region of south breathe and think all because of chance? wrote was true. . western Russia, and subsequently prohibited Vllttor wa.nted. to 1lnd meaning, to dedJoa.te Certainly, he believed, h1s assessment of · her from Seeing him. Winter conftned Viktor himself to aome higher purpose, to be au · the crls18 of the Western world was Talld. to their hut because until he was six, he had the Party asked. Yet he could not ;ive him· The Dark Forces, that shadowy cabal com no shoes. Alone all day, he could amuse him· self unquestioningly to the Party on the ~ ot the U.S. CIA, the American mlllta.ry, self only, by the exercise of his lmagination basis of its pronouncements. He had to com- the Mafia, Wall Street, corporate conglomer and curiosity. prehend for himself. As he searched and tried . ates and their foreign lackeys, clearly were ID December 1953 hls father summoned to understand, his reasoning exposed trou- in retreat. Everywhere in the West, aigna of him_ to Siberia,, and Viktor stayed tempo• blesome contradictiona between what he saw decay and impending collapse were apparent. rarily on a collective farm, with reiatives ot a and what he was told. · However, he dobuted that the progrese of "'t'AKB TOUB PAIL TO Tm RADIO" soviet society was as real u his paper friend. The family-father, mother and four ' asserted. · children-was crowded Into one room. On .ms inner conmct probably had bepn with Still, he had h18 academic de3?ee and a his ftrst evening Viktor stared in wonder• the announcement In school that Jl'lrst ·Party letter attesting to his good .character and ment as a cow was led into the hut for the Secretary Nikita Khrushchev had delivered a ideological soundness. He also had a plan.• night so she would not freeze to death. moJ?entous address t~ the 20th Party Con- His father retrieved him in September the gress. Stalin, ·the father of the, Soviet people, following rear, and· brought him to the whose benien countenance stm looked at Industrial city of ·Rubtsovsk. Only once did him from the ftrst page of each of his 'text• THE PLIGHT OP.VLAD·AC!I CESitJNAS. hls father discuss his future with him. "You books, now waa revealed to have been a de· ni.1 will find your own way in Ufe. u you wish a praved monster. Everything he had heard llfe different from mine, you can find it only and read about Stalin throughout his llfe HON. ROBERT K. DORMAN through education." waa ·a lle. For the leader of the Party him· Vlktor needed no encouragement. School· self-and who could know better-had 01' CALIFORNIA ing excited him from the outset and of shown that Stalln was a tyrant who impri IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTAnvES fered, so he thought, the opportunity to $0ned and inflicted death upon countless learn the answers to all questions about innocent people. . Monday, Januar11 14,- 1980 life. And it was . through school that he Khrushchev worked with Stalin for years. • Mr. DORNAN. Mr. Speaker, I would sought an answer to the ftrst question about Why did it take him so long to find out? It Soviet life that ever seriously troubled him. like to bring to the attention of my col· everything the Party said before was untrue, leagues, an article which appeared 1n A web o~ concentration camps had devel· is it possible that what it 1s saylni now 1s · oped around Rubtsovsk, and shit.ta of prls· also untrue? ELTA, the information bUlletin of the oners, or zeks, as the Russians called them, Khrushchev returned from hJs 1959 visit Supreme Committee for the Liberation were trucked in to keep the industries go to the United States persuaded that corn of Lithuania, · concerning the plight of ing 24 hours a day. Viktor first sighted some represented a panacea for SOTJet agricultural Lithuanian defector, Vladas Cesiunas· zeks while leahtng into a stinging wind on problems. Accordingly, corn was sown on former Olympic and world champion ca:. his way to school. They were shivering and huge, tr11cts of theretofore uncultivated noeist. huddled against one another fgr warmth in· land-uncultivated in some . areas because side cages on the back of trucks, guarded I .believe this tract vividly brings to son or climate was such that nothing would mind the ruthless tactics of a SOviet by Central Asians armed with submachine growlnit. . . guns. The thin coats, painted with white regime in their treatment of basic hu- The -most atupid peasant knows you can't man rights. · numerals, the canns boots, . caps partially grow corn in Siberia. I have seen it with my covering their shaved heads-all were ragged. own eyes. It ls not even a foot high. How can I urge you to read, reflect, and remem The concept of political prisoners was un the Party allow something so ridiculous? · ber what a Jewel 1s our freedom: known to Viktor. Criminals were crlminals, The effort to amend the laws of nature .by LrrHVANIAM' DEl'Ecroa B:mNAPPED BT SoVJ;E'r and he was sure. that each of the gaunt decree, combined with adverse weather, re AGENT& figures he saw must have done something ter sulted not 1n a plethora of com but rather FORMER OLYMPIC CHAlaioN VANtSlU',S to Df t:ible. Yet he cried out htmsellf, Kill them in a dearth of all grain, which forced the WEST GERMANY · or set them free! I · would not treat a rat that way. · slaug_hter of livestock, Serious shortages of Vladaa Oesiunas, a former Olympic and meat, milk, butter. and -bread followed. Never world champion canoeist, -ranished without . His recurrent vlsion of the zeks subse theless, the radio continued to blare forth trace in West Germa.ny on September 13 quently caused_him to wonder: What made statistics demonstrating that under the vi· 1979. He had defected on Au~t 18, ·1979: January 14, 198'0 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 45 in Dusbli.rg, West German7 where he had organs provided Cesiunas with adequate pro . worker", which entitles the bearer to old-age come as a tourist to follow the world·cham· tection. A thorough investigation by the pension of at least 120 rubles. He added h'on pionship races in rowing. · west German government was requested, lcally that the average Llthuanlan•s old age The detector, 89, asked the West German slnce the case of Oes1unas affected many per· pension ls 12, 30 or .40 rubles. authorities tor · political uylum. He took sons ot East European descent resldlng in To a ·questlon, why he did choose the Wet.t, · temporary residence ln the t.own of Altena, . West Germany. Cesiunas replied that it was a "dream since near Dusburg, and attended German-lan The German Press Agency (DPA) . reported hls childhaod and adolescence." During his guage lessons a.t the Goethe :institute near• that Cesiunas was brought to Moscow against participation ln · athletic competitions by. Be left for· school on September 13, but his will and ls -tn a .Vllnius, Lithuania, secu abroad, he saw the "difference between the never arrivea there. One week af.ter his dis· rity hospital (psychiatric._ of course). ti:ee world and the communist 'paradise._" appearance, some West German newspapers Oeslunas' lllustrious athletic career ln· · In commenting about the recent Spartaki· and the radio began ~cussing the po&a1bil· eludes a gold m~al ln the 1972 Munich ade, he called lt a "very well-orKanlzed dress lty that he was kidnapped by Soviet agents• . Olympic Games, where he came ln first 1n the rehearsal tor the Olympic Games". He was The disa.ppearance of Vladaa Oesl unas sent 1000 meter race for two-seater canoes, to astonished by. the very large contingents ot tremors through the Lithuanian community gether with a Russian, Lobanov. He a.lso won mllltiamen and soldiers there: "This a.Iso ·1n West Germany. oommunlty leaders made four world championships. In 1973 and 1974 may have been a dress rehearsal tor eventual lnq~ies wlth West German parllmenta.rlans he was elected by the sports tans as the top political outbursts at the Olympic Games." and the security organs. Andrius Smltas, Lithuanian athlete. When asked about the Olympic Games, to chairman of the Llthuanla.n community in In an interview with a correspondent tor be held in Moscow next year, Cesiunas de· West" .Genna.ny, discussed the Oesiunas case the Lithuanian-language dally, Draugas, fined them as "pure propaganda." He was by phone with Helmut Schmidt, Chancellor ( Chicago, Sept. 4, 1979) , Cesiunas disclosed plan?Jing to write hls memoirs, in. which he of ~e Federal Republic of West-Germany. .that he had received several Soviet medals was to expose the "true face ot sports iii the Schmidt was asked U West German security and the title ot "meritorious physical cultui:e Soviet Union." •