DOCSLIB.ORG

Table of Contents

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Table of Contents HUNGARY COUNTRY READER TABLE OF CONTENTS Kingsley W. Hamilton 1937-1938 Rotation Officer, Budapest James Cowles Hart Bonbright 1941-1942 Consular Officer, Budapest James McCargar 1946-1947 Vice Consul, Budapest Jordan Thomas Rogers 1954-1958 Economic/Political Officer, Budapest S. Douglas Martin 1956 Hungarian Desk Officer, Washington, DC Horace G. Torbert 1961-1962 Chargé d’Affaires, Budapest John Richardson, Jr. 1961-1968 President, National Committee for a Free Europe, New York Harry Joseph Gilmore 1965-1967 Consular Officer, Budapest Alfred Puhan 1969-1973 Ambassador, Hungary Alan Hardy 1970-1978 Political Officer, Budapest Robert B. Morley 1971-1973 Polish, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary Desk Officer, Washington, DC Donald B. Kursch 1971-1975 Consular/Economic Officer, Budapest Keith C. Smith 1973-1976 Political Officer, Budapest Stephen H. Dachi 1973-1977 Public Affairs Office, USIS, Budapest Philip M. Kaiser 1977-1980 Ambassador, Hungary Roland K. Kuchel 1980-1983 Deputy Chief of Mission, Budapest G. Jonathan Greenwald 1982-1984 Political Counselor, Budapest Keith C. Smith 1983-1986 Deputy Chief of Mission, Budapest Nicholas M. Salgo 1983-1986 Ambassador, Hungary 1 Donald B. Kursch 1986-1990 Deputy Chief of Mission, Budapest Robie M.H. “Mark” Palmer 1986-1990 Ambassador, Hungary Nadia Tongour 1987-1988 Hungarian Desk Officer, Washington, DC Robert E. McCarthy 1988-1992 Public Affairs Officer, USIS, Budapest Lawrence Cohen 1991-1994 Environment, Science and Technology Attaché, Budapest Beatrice Camp 1996-1999 Cultural Affairs Officer, Budapest Lynne Lambert 1997-1998 Deputy Chief of Mission, Budapest Charlotte Row 1997-1999 Environment and Science Attaché, Budapest KINGSLEY W. HAMILTON Rotation Officer Budapest (1937-1938) Kingsley W. Hamilton was born in 1911 to Presbyterian missionaries in the Philippines. He attended high school in China, the Philippines and Ohio. He graduated from the College of Wooster in 1933. One of his favorite history professors topics on world history influenced his interest in international affairs. This led him to graduate work at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and his taking the Foreign Service Exam. He has also served in Hungary and Switzerland. He was interviewed by Charles Stuart Kennedy on December 9, 1994. Q: So obviously you passed. How did the system in 1937 work? We're still in the depression, government is beginning to expand, but the United States is not a major player in the world in a way. Here you are a young guy just out of college, how did they absorb you into the Foreign Service? HAMILTON: Well, they sent everyone right out to a post. I went to Budapest. Some of the officers at those posts were very good at helping young officers. I was rotated through several fields of activity--passports and help to American citizens, visas, and economic reporting. Q: You went to Budapest and you were there from 1937 to '38, this is normal. Did we have a Legation? HAMILTON: A Legation at that time. 2 Q: Who was the minister? HAMILTON: I forget his first name, [John Flournoy] Montgomery was his last name, a political appointee. Q: What was he like? HAMILTON: Very capable, a pleasant man. The office ran smoothly--thanks in good measure to Howard K. Travers, First Secretary and Consul--and he seemed to get along well with the Hungarians. Since he did not care for opera or concerts, one of my jobs--a most pleasant one-- was escorting Mrs. Montgomery to them. Q: What was the situation in Hungary in those days? HAMILTON: Well, it was a dictatorship, a benevolent dictatorship. Admiral Horthy was in charge, he was relatively mild. Things ran smoothly. Everything was in order and people seemed content. As far as normal living was concerned, there were no problems. It was a very pleasant life. The Hungarians were a friendly people, at least those in Budapest, the ones I had the most contact with. Q: What was our Legation doing in those days? What was the main interest? HAMILTON: Well, I don't know that it had any special interest. Of course I didn't get into that. Although I moved around in various assignments for a few months, it was all really on the consular side. I did some economic reporting, but I never got into any of the political work. As far as I could tell, the Legation was concentrating on keeping Washington informed of whatever of interest was going on. I was not aware of anything special. Q: Was the news from Germany and Hitler who was consolidating his power, and consolidating part of Germany, was this a subject of much speculation or interest? HAMILTON: It didn't seem to be. Hitler moved into Austria just after I left to come back to the Foreign Service School. I think it took everybody by surprise. When I went through Vienna for a few days on the way back to Washington there didn't seem to be any feeling of an impending German move. JAMES COWLES HART BONBRIGHT Consular Officer Budapest (1941-1942) Ambassador James Cowles Hart Bonbright entered the Foreign Service in 1927. His career included positions in Ottawa, Washington, DC, Brussels, Belgrade, Budapest, Paris, and an ambassadorship to Portugal. Ambassador Bonbright was interviewed by Peter Jessup in 1986. 3 Q: Good morning, Ambassador Bonbright. You were in Budapest, I think, when we last broke off--en route or there? BONBRIGHT: I had got there by car with Ray Brock a few days before. The boat which we had arranged to charter to pick up our people in Belgrade took off on the night of May 13 down river and picked everyone up and started back up again on the 18th, arriving on the 23rd. Most of the others, including the Lanes, stayed in Budapest for a few days and then went off in different directions. Sybil and I settled in. The legation was in the hands of Mr. Herbert Claiborne Pell at that time. He had previously been minister to Portugal and had only just presented his letters of credence in Budapest. Q: The father of Senator Pell? BONBRIGHT: He was the father of Claiborne Pell, who was still at that time a young Foreign Service officer, but he was proved correct, because as of this day he's still a United States Senator from Rhode Island and a rather senior one at that. Mr. Pell was known around the legation privately as "The Vanishing American." This was only partly due to the fact that he had a rather large shaggy head and looked a little like an American bison, but he was a nice man, a good man, but seemed to be quite oblivious to what was going on in the world around him at that time. Q: By "vanishing American," you meant an American of an ancient breed? BONBRIGHT: Like the bison, yes. For instance, his daily staff meetings were quite incredible. It seemed to me, just having come from two countries overrun by war, we would sit around the table while he would give a little talk on some subject of no relevance. I remember one particularly he gave on the history of the old French coin, the Louis d'Or. In any other place or time, it might have been quite interesting, but for those of us having to sit there at that time, it made us restive. The number two was a man named Howard Travers, known as "Purse." His main interest was in the administrative field; in fact, he was overline (sic) [as a] consular officer. I guess this is my day to say catty remarks, but he used to remind me of the old adage that "you can't make a silk purse out of a sow's ear." We kept that very quiet, because one of our officers who had been there the time before got into quite bad trouble by being a little too open in his comments. He was serving under a Mr. Montgomery, who made his fortune out of Carnation Milk, and this officer used to go around saying, "All I have I owe to `utters.'" Of course, this was too good to not spread around, and it eventually got back to Mr. Montgomery himself, and our friend was quickly recalled and, actually, it pretty well ended his career. He never got over it. So much for liking to wisecrack too much. The next man in the office was Bill Schott, who did the political reporting. Q: You had stayed with them en route to Belgrade. 4 BONBRIGHT: Yes. We had known them before briefly, and they're a very nice couple and good friends while we were there. Incidentally, he was the only one in the group who could speak any Hungarian and, at that, not very much. All I remember, though, was that he took lessons from one of the most beautiful Hungarian girls you ever would lay your eyes on. Q: To digress for a moment, of all the countries you'd been in before that and since, wasn't there a plethora of stunning-looking Hungarian women? BONBRIGHT: They seemed to me to have more than their share, very, very good-looking and very attractive, plus they're all wonderful linguists, which comes from living in a country with seven or eight borders with different countries and being overrun in war for centuries. The Poles have the same gift, I think, in language; they all can speak with great ease and fluency. Q: For the record, would you define the Balkans? Are the Balkans only Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, and so forth? They don't include Hungary and Czechoslovakia, do they? What are the Balkans? BONBRIGHT: In my thoughts and the way the geographical divisions in the State Department went, we considered Hungary as part of it.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • PERFORMED IDENTITIES: HEAVY METAL MUSICIANS BETWEEN 1984 and 1991 Bradley C. Klypchak a Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate
    PERFORMED IDENTITIES: HEAVY METAL MUSICIANS BETWEEN 1984 AND 1991 Bradley C. Klypchak A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2007 Committee: Dr. Jeffrey A. Brown, Advisor Dr. John Makay Graduate Faculty Representative Dr. Ron E. Shields Dr. Don McQuarie © 2007 Bradley C. Klypchak All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Dr. Jeffrey A. Brown, Advisor Between 1984 and 1991, heavy metal became one of the most publicly popular and commercially successful rock music subgenres. The focus of this dissertation is to explore the following research questions: How did the subculture of heavy metal music between 1984 and 1991 evolve and what meanings can be derived from this ongoing process? How did the contextual circumstances surrounding heavy metal music during this period impact the performative choices exhibited by artists, and from a position of retrospection, what lasting significance does this particular era of heavy metal merit today? A textual analysis of metal- related materials fostered the development of themes relating to the selective choices made and performances enacted by metal artists. These themes were then considered in terms of gender, sexuality, race, and age constructions as well as the ongoing negotiations of the metal artist within multiple performative realms. Occurring at the juncture of art and commerce, heavy metal music is a purposeful construction. Metal musicians made performative choices for serving particular aims, be it fame, wealth, or art. These same individuals worked within a greater system of influence. Metal bands were the contracted employees of record labels whose own corporate aims needed to be recognized.
    [Show full text]
  • Getting Into the City and Transport Budapest Public Transport (BKV Zrt.) Free Airport Train Transfer 20% Budapest Airport Minibu
    The card is accepted at: Getting into the city and Transport Budapest Public Transport (BKV Zrt.) Free Airport Train Transfer 20% Budapest Airport Minibus 10% Regina Rent a Car 25% Memento Park Direct Bus Transfer 30% Sightseeing and Sights Walking tour Buda (bpt tours) Free Walking tour Pest (bpt tours) Free Absolute Walking Tours -1 000 Ft City Segway Tours -2 000 Ft Jewish Heritage Tours in Budapest 10% Fisherman's Bastion 10% Yellow Zebra Budapest Bicycle Tour -1 000 Ft Hop on Hop off city tor 10% Legenda Sightseeing Cruises Special offer Opera Tour 10% National Gallery Panoramic Terrace 15% Programcentrum Budapest City Tour 30% Programcentrum City Tour + Parliament -2 400 Ft Uniquebudapest 15% Baths and Wellness Centres Aquaworld 10% Gellért Thermal Bath and Swimming Pool 10% Király bath 10% Lukács bath 10% Palatinus Strand 10% Rudas Medicinal Bath and Pool 10% Római Strand 10% Massage in the spas of Budapest 10% Saltcave 10% Széchenyi Spa and Swimming Pool 10% Experiences and special features Zoo Special offer Cave tours 20% Botanical Garden - F űvészkert 10% Bringóhintó 30% Budapest Theme Park 15% Budapest Labyrinth 20% Challengeland Adventure Park 50% Palace of Wonders 20% Kids' Train Special offer House of Hungarian Wines 15% Hungarian Railway History Park Special offer Athletic Center of Margareth Island 30% Memento Park 30% Cave Hospital 25% Pál-völgy Cave 10% Szeml ő-hegy Cave 10% Tropicarium Special offer City Park Iceskating-rink 100% Yellow Zebra Budapest: Bike Rental Hire 15% Zwack Museum and Visitor's Center 20% Museums
    [Show full text]
  • Barmscoll/Nagy J / J 2 Nagy,Ferenc, 1903-1979
    BARMsColl/Nagy J / J 2 Nagy, Ferenc, 1903-1979. Papers, 1940-1979. 39 linear ft. (a.21,500 Items In 93 boxes & 7 overslded folders) Biography: Ferenc Nagy was a founder of the Hungarian Smallholders' Party, and Prime Minister of Hungary from 1946 until 1947 when he was forced to resign by the Communists. The rest of his life was spent In the United States where he was active as an author, lecturer and leader of Hungarian emigre political organizations. Arrangement: Cataloged correspondence. Box 1; Arranged Correspondence, Boxes 1-22; Arranged Lecture Correspondence, Boxes 23-35; Arranged Manuscripts. Boxes 36- 44; Subject Files, Boxes 45-74; Clippings, Boxes 75-80; Printed Materials, Boxes 81-93. Oversize Material: Subject Files; Clippings; Printed Materials. Summary: The Ferenc Nagy Papers consist of correspondence, manuscripts, subject files and printed materials relating to Nagy's career and family. The earliest materials cover the period 1945 to 1947 when Nagy was leader of the Hungarian Smallholders' Party, and later Prime Minister of Hungary. Of special interest are first-hand accounts and commentaries on the circumstances surrounding his resignation in 1947. Materials from the years 1948-1954 concern Nagy's leadership of emigre organizations Including the Hungarian National Council, the Committee for a Free Europe, the Assembly of Captive European Nations and the International Peasant Union. Correspondence files contain one letter each from presidents Harry S. Truman, Richard M. Nixon, and Jimmy Carter, also voluminous correspondence with Hungarian emigre politicians Pal Auer, Gyorgy Bessenyey, Bela Fabian, Pal Fabry, Karoly Peyer, Bela Varga and others. Nagy was much in demand as a public speaker and author and the Papers Include completed texts and drafts of many of his speeches and articles.
    [Show full text]
  • UN GA Gai•! OL®GIAI ALAPKÖNYVTÁR V
    UN GA GA i•! OL®GIAI ALAPKÖNYVTÁRV TÁR Könyvjegyzék Kiadja a Nemzetközi Magyar Filológiai Társaság és a Tudományos Ismeretterjesztő Társulat Budapest 1986 Hungarológiai alapkönyvtár -- HUNGAROLÓGIAI ALAPKÖNYVTÁR Könyvjegyzék Kiadja a Nemzetközi Magyar Filológiai Társaság és a Tudományos Ismeretterjesztő Társulat Budapest 1986 A bibliográfiát összeállították: Bevezető rész STAUDER MARIA közreműködésével V. WINDISCH ÉVA Nyelvtudomány D. MATAI MARIA Irodalomtudomány TÓDOR ILDIKÓ és B. HAJTÓ ZSÓFIA Néprajz KOSA LÁSZLÓ Szerkesztette NYERGES JUDIT közreműködésével V. WINDISCH ÉVA Tudományos Ismeretterjesztő Társulat Felelős kiadó: Dr.Rottler Ferenc főtitkár 86.1-199 TIT Nyomda,- -Budapest . - Formátum: A/5 - Terjedelem: 11,125 A/5 ív - Példányszám: 700 Félelős vezető: Dr.Préda Tibor TARTALOMMUTATÓ ELŐSZÓ 9 RŐVIDÍTÉSEK JEGYZÉKE 12 BEVEZETŐ RÉSZ 15 1 A magyarok és Magyarország általában 17 2 A magyar nemzeti bibliográfia 17 2.1 Hungarika-bibliográfiák 19 3 Lexikonok 19 4 Szótárak 20 5 Gyűjtemények katalógusai 21 6 Az egyes tudományterületek segéd- és kézikönyvei 22 6.1 Földrajz, demográfia 22 .6.2 Statisztika 22 6.3 Jog, jogtörténet 22 6.4 Szociológia 23 6.5 Történelem 24 6.51 Általános magyar történeti bibliográfiák, repertóriumok 24 6.511 Történeti folyóiratok repertóriumai 24 6.52 összefoglaló művek, tanulmánykötetek a teljes magyar törté- nelemből 25 6.53 A magyar történelem egyes korszakaira vonatkozó monográ- fiák, tanulmánykötetek, forrásszövegek 28 6.531 Őstörténet, középkor 28 6.532 1526-1849 29 6.533 1849-1919 29 6.534 1919-től napjainkig 30 6.54 Gazdaság- és társadalomtörténet 30 6.55 Művelődéstörténet 32 6.551 Művelődéstörténet általában. Eszmetörténet 32 6.552 Egyháztörténet 33 6.553 Oktatás- és iskolatörténet 33 6.554 Könyvtörténet 35 6.555 Sajtótörténet 35 6.556 Tudománytörténet 36 6.557 Közgyűjtemények, kulturális intézmények története 37 6.558 Életmódtörténet 37 6.56 Történeti segédtudományok.
    [Show full text]
  • Rob Chandler Avid Off and Online Editor
    Rob Chandler Avid Off and Online Editor Profile Rob has over 16 years of experience in editing. He is extremely comfortable cutting fast turnaround programmes to tight deadlines and one of his main strengths is setting the format for programmes. He has helped create new formats for UK, US and Australian shows. In the last few years Rob has specialised in drama-docs and really enjoys this genre. Rob has a fantastic sense of music and visual flair, great story-telling skills and he’s technically sound. He is known for his great use of music, sound-scaping and SFX to enhance drama with a touch of class. His regular clients often ask for him back time and time again! Credits Include Drama Docs “American Monster” Season 6. Viewers get closer than ever to some of America's most shocking and surprising crimes. Filled with never-before-seen footage of these devils in disguise, American Monster interweaves twisting-turning stories of astonishing crimes, with 'behind-the-scenes' footage of killers at their seemingly most innocent. Arrow Media for Discovery ID “Mummies Unwrapped : Hatshepsut” Six-part Egyptology History series about mummies in ancient Egypt. With drama-recon. Blink for Channel 5 / BBC Worldwide/ Discovery Travel “Locked Up Abroad” Ep 1, series 13. Jimmy Bauer has been a singer since his teens and is a star in Latin America. Now the New Yorker’s career is stalling, and he wants to break into America, but he needs to fund this next step himself. When an old acquaintance comes to him with a shocking proposition to swallow and smuggle heroin, Jimmy takes the gamble of a lifetime and agrees.
    [Show full text]
  • Russia, Georgia and the Eu in Abkhazia and South Ossetia
    PUBLIC DIPLOMACY AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION: RUSSIA, GEORGIA AND THE EU IN ABKHAZIA AND SOUTH OSSETIA Iskra Kirova August 2012 Figueroa Press Los Angeles The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author and cannot be interpreted to reflect the positions of organizations that the author is affiliated with. PUBLIC DIPLOMACY AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION: RUSSIA, GEORGIA AND THE EU IN ABKHAZIA AND SOUTH OSSETIA Iskra Kirova Published by FIGUEROA PRESS 840 Childs Way, 3rd Floor Los Angeles, CA 90089 Phone: (213) 743-4800 Fax: (213) 743-4804 www.figueroapress.com Figueroa Press is a division of the USC Bookstore Copyright © 2012 all rights reserved Notice of Rights All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmit- ted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the author, care of Figueroa Press. Notice of Liability The information in this book is distributed on an “As is” basis, without warranty. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, neither the author nor Figueroa nor the USC Bookstore shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by any text contained in this book. Figueroa Press and the USC Bookstore are trademarks of the University of Southern California ISBN 13: 978-0-18-214016-9 ISBN 10: 0-18-214016-4 For general inquiries or to request additional copies of this paper please contact: USC Center on Public Diplomacy at the Annenberg School University of Southern California 3502 Watt Way, G4 Los Angeles, CA 90089-0281 Tel: (213) 821-2078; Fax: (213) 821-0774 [email protected] www.uscpublicdiplomacy.org CPD Perspectives on Public Diplomacy CPD Perspectives is a periodic publication by the USC Center on Public Diplomacy, and highlights scholarship intended to stimulate critical thinking about the study and practice of public diplomacy.
    [Show full text]
  • OCTOBER 5, 2016 • Vol
    The WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 5, 2016 • VOL. 27, NO. 12 $1.50 Raven asks: Are you ready for KLONDIKE Thanksgiving? SUN As the Days Get Shorter We Seem to Get Busier While it seems early to be thinking about that season, October 2 was a great day to get the kids, parents and volunteers out to shoot the pictures for the annual Christmas Eve Pageant slide show. Thanks to Sylvia Burkhard for the use of Claim 33, and just wait till you see what was done at the Discovery Claim and Dredge no. 4. Photo by Dan Davidson in this This space for Issue rent! Dawson City hosts REM p. 3 TH Teaching Farm Graduation p. 6 Apartment Project Breaks Ground p. 10 Contact us at 105 students and teachers from 18 farm students graduated dur- The Klondike Development Orga- the Yukon's rural communities ing the TH Farm's second annual nization's newly announced eight 868-993-6318 or worked hard to explore their Harvest Ceremony unit housing development broke passions ground on September 19 Klondikesun@ Northwestel.net for See and Do 2 Tourism Roundup 2016 5 Pictures Don't Lie Debuts in Dawson 8 TV Guide 12-16 Salt Baby 2 TH Teaching Farm Harvest and Graduation 6 Unexpected Dangers of Fracking 8 20 years Ago In the Sun 17 more information Dawson's Fourth REM 3 Caldwell Reflects on Environment 7 KDO Apartment Project Breaks Ground 10 Authors on Eighth 18 Uffish Thoughts: Fry Arena Budget 4 Stacked 7 Horticultural Show Candids 11 City of Dawson 20 P2 WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 5, 2016 THE KLONDIKE SUN Community Salt Baby investigates the question of Identity Calendar Meetings IODE DAWSON CITY: Meet first Wednesday of each month at home of Janice Cliff at 7:30 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Neb Yearbook 2016–2017
    NEB YEARBOOK 2016–2017 NEB YEARBOOK 2016–2017 Committee of National Remembrance Budapest 2018 Edited by Réka Kiss and Zsolt Horváth Translation, development, and copy editing by Éva Misits © Office of the Committee of National Remembrance, 2018 © Barbara Bank, Kristóf Erdős, István Galambos, Martin Gulyás, Gergely Krisztián Horváth, Csaba Káli, Réka Kiss, Anita M. Madarász, Áron Máthé, Gabriella Müller, István Ötvös, István Simon, Viktor Attila Soós, Attila Szakolczai, Gábor Szilágyi, 2018 Published by the Office of the Committee of National Remembrance H-1088 Budapest, Vas utca 10. Responsible for the publication is the General Director of the Office of the Committee of National Remembrance Proofread by Gábor Szilágyi Layout by Júlia Varga Printed by SÉD Ltd. ISSN 2498-650X CONTENTS Introduction . 7 GERGELY KRISZTIÁN HORVÁTH Communist Agricultural Policy and Two Waves of Collectivization in Hungary . 11 ISTVÁN ÖTVÖS Political Trials and Their Utilization by the Hungarian Communist Dictatorship . 45 RÉKA KISS A Protestant Youth Association in the Early Cold War: The Persecution of the Hungarian YMCA by Communist State Security . .. 63 BARBARA BANK The Hungarian “Gulag”, 1945–1953 . 87 CSABA KÁLI Hungary’s Communist Party Elite in the “Long” fifties (1948–1962) . 121 ANITA M. MADARÁSZ British–Hungarian Cultural Diplomacy, 1953–1956 . 149 ISTVÁN GALAMBOS Self-Government During the Hungarian Revolution of 1956: the Establishment, Operation, and Scope of Competencies of the Várpalota Revolutionary Council . 167 5 MARTIN GULYÁS Characteristics of the Operation of the Revolutionary Workers’ Councils of 1956: Typical and Atypical Examples . 195 ATTILA SZAKOLCZAI The Internal Affairs of the Reprisals Following the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 . 225 KRISTÓF ERDŐS The “Clerical Reaction” in Court: the Only Convicted Clerical Victim of the Kádár Reprisals .
    [Show full text]
  • Soviet Military Power 1981.P65
    The more constructive East-West relationship which the Allies seek requires tangible signs that the Soviet Union is prepared to abandon the disturbing buildup of its military strength, to desist from resorting to force and intimidation and to cease creating or exploiting situations of crisis and instability in the Third World. From the Communique of the NATO Foreign Ministers Meeting May 1981 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS I SOVIET MILITARY POWER 5 II MILITARY RESOURCE ALLOCATION 9 III ORGANIZATION OF SOVIET ARMED FORCES 15 IV SOVIET THEATER FORCES 25 V SOVIET STRATEGIC FORCES 53 VI QUEST FOR TECHNOLOGICAL SUPERIORITY 71 VII SOVIET GLOBAL POWER PROJECTION 83 VIII THE CHALLENGE 95 The illustrations of new Soviet weapons systems introducing each chapter are derived from various U.S. sources; while not precise in every detail, they are as authentic as possible. PREFACE The Soviet Armed Forces today number more than 4.8 million men. For the past quar- ter century, we have witnessed the continuing growth of Soviet military power at a pace that shows no signs of slackening in the future. All elements of the Soviet Armed Forces -the Strategic Rocket Forces, the Ground Forces of the Army, the Air Forces, the Navy and the Air Defense Forces continue-to modernize with an unending flow of new weapons systems, tanks, missiles, ships, artil- lery and aircraft. The Soviet defense budget continues to grow to fund this force buildup, to fund the projection of Soviet power far from Soviet shores and to fund Soviet use of proxy forces to support revolutionary factions and conflict in an increasing threat to international stability.
    [Show full text]
  • Reagan and the Soviet Union: Competing Military Strategies, 1980-1988
    4 Reagan and the Soviet Union: Competing Military Strategies, 1980-1988 David M. Glantz This essay evaluates the policies and military strategy introduced by U.S. Pres- ident Ronald Reagan vis-à-vis the Soviet Union, within the context of over forty years of intense strategic competition called the Cold War. The Cold War remained “cold” because the two competing countries emerged from the World War as victorious superpower with unchallenged military capabilities and un- precedented territories either under their control or within their spheres of in- fluence. Despite sharply differing ideologies and political systems, the United States and Soviet Union understood the risks and potential costs of war, espe- cially after both became atomic powers by the late 1940s. Both recognized that deliberately unleashing a world war was no longer a rational act. Given this unique constraint, the ensuing completion became a prolonged game of strategic “cat and mouse,” as the two counties jockeyed with each other for a more advantageous position militarily, politically, and economically. The instruments of this game were specific military strategies governing the nature of the competition and setting limits on the countries’ military actions, all of which acknowledged that the nuclear balance was quite literally a mutually-rec- ognized balance of terror. David M. Glantz, “Reagan and the Soviet Union: Competing Military Strategies, 1980-1988,” Essay, Enduring Legacy Project, John A. Adams ’71 Center for Military History & Strategic Analysis, Virginia Military Institute, 2014. 2 Conventional wisdom concerning the Cold War maintains that this “cat and mouse” game played out successfully, that is, relatively peacefully, because neither side was willing to violate the constraints imposed by this balance of ter- ror.
    [Show full text]
  • Working Paper
    Working Paper No. 34 / November 2012 Reviewing Member States’ Commitment to the European External Action Service Abstract Based on interviews with diplomats from a representative cross-section of nine member states and members of the EEAS itself, the research findings of this EPIN Working Paper confirm long-standing traditions and member state perceptions of cooperation with European institutions. The paper also reveals new aspects of the intergovernmental method of foreign policy shaping and making in the European Union; in particular how different national positions can positively or negatively affect the consolidation of the EEAS and the role of the EU as an international actor. As such, the Working Paper makes an original contribution to the existing literature on one of most discussed actors in the European Union’s post-Lisbon architecture in the domain of EU external action. EPIN Working Papers present analyses of key issues raised by the debate on the political integration of Europe. The European Policy Institutes Network (EPIN) is a network of think tanks and policy institutes based throughout Europe, which focuses on current EU political and policy debates (see back cover for more information). Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed are attributable only to the authors in a personal capacity and not to any of the institutions with which they are associated. ISBN: 978-94-6138-245-0 Available for free downloading from the CEPS (http://www.ceps.eu) and EPIN (http://www.epin.org) websites © Copyright 2012, EPIN & CEPS Contents Preface ............................................................................................................................................ i Steven Blockmans Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... ii Jackie West and Steven Blockmans France and the EEAS: A give-and-take relationship ....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Foreign Service Journal, July-August 1982
    congress owmgb m uenirdi Hmericd Service Jo JULY/AUGUST 1982 The Press & Foreign Policy On October 20, 1980, Fortune Magazine devoted tlpe activities. VISA checking and card services are pro¬ major part of six pages to a description of the revo¬ vided by Bank One of Columbus, N.A. lutionary Merrill Lynch Cash Management Account financial service that lets you control your money If you've often wished that you could use some of in these five ways: the capital invested in securities without selling them, or been irritated at seeing interest, dividends 1. Your funds are virtually never idle. Any cash is or uninvested capital sitting idly in a brokerage automatically invested to earn daily compounded account, earning little or no income—you owe it dividends at current money market rates. You may to yourself to investigate the Cash Management elect to invest in the CMA™iMoney Fund, Thx-Exempt Account financial service. Fund or Government Securities Fund. It's a major step forward in financial services and 2. While Merrill Lynch is not a bank, you have instant it's exclusively Merrill Lynch's. And now it is available access to all your invested cash at any time any¬ to anyone with investments and/or cash totaling where in the world just by writing a check. $20,000 or more 3. You have immediate access to a line of credit based upon the value of your securities. 4. You receive a special VIS/fcard that is accepted in 152 countries and is different from any you now have.
    [Show full text]