BY N.PRADEEP LECTURER IN POLITICAL SCIENCE SCNR GOVT DEGREE COLLEGE-PRODATTUR Learning objectives The purpose of this Online class is to acquaint you with: • Introduction • Evolution Of Party System – Pre1947 Era -Indian National congress -Other political parties Introduction

• Party system is the product of its historical evolution, civic tradition, cultural orientation and economy. • Factors like regional cultures, wide geographic area, demands of social change and economic development matters. •It originated in the late 19th century as a response to the British colonial rule. During this period the party system represented an assertion of national solidarity for national liberation and a vision for new India Evolution Of Party System – Pre- Independence Era ❖ CONGRESS( in 1885 by A O Hume):

Indian National Congress 1st Session in Bombay Continued... • Political dialog between educated Indians and British Raj Important Timeline of INC: • 1st phase (1885-1905)- Politics Of Mendicancy • 2nd phase (1905-1916)-Lal, Bal & Pal were able to bring masses to the fold of INC. • 3rdPhase (1916-1946)-Gandhiji sphere headed this phase. -> 1937- Formation of government in Provinces -> 1946- Formation of interim government The policy of divide and rule and the introduction of separate communal electorate led to the formation of the communal and caste based parties like Hindu Mahasabha, Muslim League, Akali Dal, etc.,

❖ OTHER PARTIES (In Pre 1947): Hindu Mahasabha: politico- religious group was formed by Madan Mohan Malviya in the year 1915 to protect the rights of the Hindu community in British India. Muslim League: In 1906, the All India Muslim League was founded under the leadership of the Aga Khan, the Nawab of Dacca, and Nawab Mohsin-ul- Mulk.It supported the partition of Bengal and demanded special safeguards for the Muslims in government services. Akali Dal: Formed in December 1920 as a task force of the Sikh religious body, the Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee, this new political party claimed to be the major proponent of upholding the interests of Sikh people, who form the majority of the population in Punjab. Swaraj Party: Swaraj Party was formed by Motilal Nehru and Chittaranjandas and was named as "Congress-Khilafat Swarajaya Party"in 1922.It also claimed to be an integral part of the Congress and professes its adherence to Non-Violence & Non- Cooperation Movement Communist Party of India: The Indian Communist party was established in 1924 and worked in close co- operation with other communist movements guided by Comintern. It was able to make inroads into the worker bodies and its activities intensified. Justice party: The Justice Party was a political party in the Madras Presidency of British India. It was established in 1917 by T. M. Nair and P. Theagaraya Chetty and was the first backward class mobilization which created social change and political empowerment. Dravidar Kazhagam: The justice party could not continue its popularity and in 1936 no party candidate was elected to state legislature. After the defeat, justice party approached Periyar and Justice party came under Periyar who decided to withdraw from politics and transformed Justice party into a social organization Dravidar Kazhagam(Dravidian Organization) in 1944. All india Forward Bloc: Subhash Chandra Bose on May 3,1939 and formed it. The aim of the party was to bring all radical elements of the Congress party in the newly founded Forward Bloc. Thank you