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Diplomarbeit DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit EINE ANALYSE DER MITGLIEDER DES ENTWICKLUNGSAUSSCHUSSES DES EUROPÄISCHEN PARLAMENTS UND IHRE AKTIVITÄTEN Verfasserin Johanna Gärtner angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra (Mag.) Wien, 2014 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 057 390 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Diplomstudium Internationale Entwicklung Betreuer: Mag. Dr. Stefan Brocza Zu Beginn möchte ich Herrn Mag. Dr. Stefan Brocza danken. Er stand mir immer mit Rat und Tat zur Seite, hat alle meine Fragen beantwortete und mir Mut zu gesprochen. Des Weiteren möchte ich meinen Eltern, Hubert und Lotte Gärtner, danken. Sie haben mich in diesen Jahren sowohl emotional als auch finanziell immer unterstützt und hatten ein offenes Ohr für mich. Ich hätte dieses Studium ohne ihren Beistand nicht geschafft. Zuletzt möchte ich meinen Freunden und Studienkollegen danken, dass sie immer für mich da sind und auch die schwierigen Zeiten leichter machen. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung ............................................................................................................. 7 1.1 Untersuchungsgegenstand und Problemstellung ........................................... 7 1.2 Forschungsinteresse ...................................................................................... 8 1.3 Hypothesen und Forschungsfragen ............................................................... 8 1.4 Methode ......................................................................................................... 9 1.5 Struktur der Arbeit ...................................................................................... 12 2 Grundlagen der Europäischen Union ................................................................. 13 2.1 Entstehung ................................................................................................... 13 2.1.1 Ursprünge und Kontext der Entwicklungen ........................................ 13 2.1.2 Organisationen und Gemeinschaften ................................................... 15 2.1.2.1 Europarat ...................................................................................... 15 2.1.2.2 Europäische Gemeinschaft ........................................................... 15 2.1.2.3 Europäischer Rat ........................................................................... 17 2.1.2.4 Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion ................................................. 17 2.1.3 Verträge................................................................................................ 18 2.1.3.1 Einheitliche Europäische Akte ..................................................... 18 2.1.3.2 Von Maastricht nach Lissabon ..................................................... 19 2.1.4 Erweiterungen ...................................................................................... 21 2.2 Die Bedeutung der Europäischen Union ..................................................... 22 2.3 Charakterisierung der Europäischen Union ................................................ 23 2.3.1 Werte, Prinzipien, Grundsätze und Ziele der Europäischen Union ..... 23 2.3.2 Das Mehrebenensystem ....................................................................... 24 2.3.3 Zuständigkeiten innerhalb der Europäischen Union ............................ 25 2.3.4 Entscheidungsfindung und Rechtssetzung ........................................... 26 2.4 Politikbereiche der Europäischen Union ..................................................... 27 2.4.1 Allgemeines und Policy making .......................................................... 27 2.4.2 Außen- und Entwicklungspolitik ......................................................... 28 2.4.3 Weitere Politikbereiche ........................................................................ 36 2.5 Die Organe der Europäischen Union .......................................................... 39 3 Grundlagen des Europäischen Parlaments ......................................................... 43 3.1 Aufgaben ..................................................................................................... 44 3.2 Zusammensetzung ....................................................................................... 47 3.2.1 Mitglieder ............................................................................................. 47 3.2.2 Fraktionen ............................................................................................ 49 3.2.3 Ausschüsse im Allgemeinen ................................................................ 51 3.2.3.1 Entwicklung .................................................................................. 51 3.2.3.2 Typen von Ausschüssen ............................................................... 52 3.2.3.3 Mitglieder ..................................................................................... 53 3.2.3.4 Arbeitsweise ................................................................................. 57 3.2.3.5 Bedeutung der Ausschüsse ........................................................... 58 3.2.4 Entwicklungsausschuss ........................................................................ 60 3.2.5 Delegationen ........................................................................................ 62 3.3 Beschlussfassung ......................................................................................... 63 3.4 Bedeutung des Europäischen Parlaments .................................................... 63 4 Analyse der Mitglieder des Entwicklungsausschusses ...................................... 66 4.1 Zusammensetzung des Entwicklungsausschusses ...................................... 66 4.2 Vorsitz und stellvertretender Vorsitz .......................................................... 70 4.3 Ordentliche Mitglieder ................................................................................ 80 5 Conclusio ......................................................................................................... 120 6 Literaturverzeichnis ......................................................................................... 129 7 Anhang ............................................................................................................. 153 1 Einleitung 1.1 Untersuchungsgegenstand und Problemstellung Das Europäische Parlament setzt sich aus sieben Fraktionen zusammen und beinhaltet darüber hinaus derzeit 41 Delegationen1 sowie 20 ständige parlamentarische Ausschüsse. Die Ausschüsse spielen eine signifikante Rolle beim Gesetzgebungsprozess der Union und somit sind zum Einen die AkteurInnen innerhalb dieser Ausschüsse und zum Anderen deren Tätigkeiten und Entscheidungen von großer Bedeutung. Anhand dieser Analysearbeit sollen nicht alle parlamentarischen Ausschüsse untersucht werden, sondern konkret der Entwicklungsausschuss des Europäischen Parlaments. Aufgaben des Entwicklungsausschusses sind unter anderem die Stärkung der Beziehungen der Europäischen Union und den Entwicklungsländern, sowie die Durchsetzung der Millenniums-Entwicklungsziele. Weiters soll die Beziehung zwischen der Union und den AKP-Staaten, unter Berücksichtigung des Abkommens von Cotonou gestärkt werden. Ziel des Abkommens von Cotonou ist es, einen Beitrag zur Friedenssicherung und Förderung eines stabilen und demokratischen politischen Umfelds zu leisten.2 Darüber hinaus werden Mitglieder des Entwicklungsausschusses in Entwicklungsländer entsandt um dort Berichte bzw. Empfehlungen zur Verbesserung der Situation vor Ort zu entwickeln. Dies ist durchaus ein Ausdruck der vermeintlich angenommenen Überlegenheit der Industrieländer. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass AkteurInnen des Europäischen Parlaments im Stande sind, sich ein Bild über die Geschehnisse in einem speziellen Land zu machen und daraufhin einen Bericht zur Verbesserung der Situation zu erstellen. Problematisch an diesem Vorgehen ist einerseits die Tatsache, dass man auf Seiten der Europäischen Union davon ausgeht, dass vermeintliche EntwicklungsexpertInnen des Entwicklungsausschusses besser dazu geeignet sind, eine Lösung für vorherrschende geopolitische Probleme zu finden, als lokale ExpertInnen. Andererseits stellt sich auch 1 Europäisches Parlament o.J.: Delegationen 2 Vgl. Europäisches Parlament 2009 7 konkret die Frage ob und wie diese internationalen AkteurInnen dazu befähigt sind, diese Arbeit zu leisten und diese Verbesserungen zu analysieren. 1.2 Forschungsinteresse Das Erkenntnisinteresse liegt darin herauszufinden, ob die einzelnen Mitglieder des Entwicklungsausschusses aufgrund von Erfahrungen in der Vergangenheit oder einer bestimmten Ausbildung dazu qualifiziert sind, als EntwicklungsexpertInnen aufzutreten. Konkret soll herausgefunden werden, ob die AkteurInnen bereits Erfahrungen im entwicklungspolitischen Bereich gesammelt haben bzw. ob in irgendeiner Art und Weise ein Engagement in ihrer politischen Tätigkeit vorherrschend ist. Darüber hinaus liegt das Interesse auch darin zu analysieren, welche konkreten Maßnahmen getätigt werden und welche Entscheidungen getroffen werden. Es muss an dieser Stelle darauf hingewiesen werden, dass jedes Mitglied einzeln analysiert wird, jedoch ist es aus zeitlichen Gründen nicht möglich persönliche Interviews mit den Personen zu führen. Auf die konkrete Methode und das Vorgehen der Analyse wird jedoch in Kapitel ‚1.4 Methode‘ genauer eingegangen. Weiters werden jene Mitglieder analysiert, welche 2009 gewählt wurden und sich derzeit im Ausschuss befinden. Zusammenfassend kann bezüglich des Forschungsinteresses gesagt werden, dass
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