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Transport of Dangerous Goods
ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.16 (Vol.I) Recommendations on the TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS Model Regulations Volume I Sixteenth revised edition UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2009 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.16 (Vol.I) Copyright © United Nations, 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may, for sales purposes, be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the United Nations. UNITED NATIONS Sales No. E.09.VIII.2 ISBN 978-92-1-139136-7 (complete set of two volumes) ISSN 1014-5753 Volumes I and II not to be sold separately FOREWORD The Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods are addressed to governments and to the international organizations concerned with safety in the transport of dangerous goods. The first version, prepared by the United Nations Economic and Social Council's Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, was published in 1956 (ST/ECA/43-E/CN.2/170). In response to developments in technology and the changing needs of users, they have been regularly amended and updated at succeeding sessions of the Committee of Experts pursuant to Resolution 645 G (XXIII) of 26 April 1957 of the Economic and Social Council and subsequent resolutions. -
Perchloric Acid and Some Organic Perchlorates”
View Article Online / Journal Homepage / Table of Contents for this issue 4 BURTON AND PRAILL: PERCHLORIC ACID [Vol. 80 Perchloric Acid and Some Organic Perchlorates” BY H. BURTON AND P. F. G. PRAILL (Presented at the W’ngof the Society on Wednesday,July 21st, 1954) The history crf perchlorates is summarised and various methods of pre- paration of the acid are noted. The action of perchloric acid and some organic perchlorates on various types of organic compounds, e.g., anhydrides and ethers, is discussed with particular reference to the formation of, especially, the alkyl perchlorates and related compounds. The simple alkyl esters of Published on 01 January 1955. Downloaded by University of Reading 29/10/2017 13:59:35. perchloric acid have long been known to be highly explosive; in the free state they possess many of the properties of covalent compounds. Con- sequently, when experiments that can lead to their formation are carried out, the risk of serious explosion is always present. GROWINGinterest in the applications of perchloric acid to analytical chemistry makes the recognition of its properties imperative. Perchloric acid and the perchlorates have a notorious reputation; this is due to numerous explosions that have been recorded (Hackl’; Meyer and Spormann2; Kahane3; Zahn4; Balks and Wehrrnann5; Young and Campbell6; and others to be mentioned later) and also to the lack of extensive investigations of their properties. Whilst it is not intended that the hazardous properties of perchloric acid should be belittled, it is thought that a better understanding of its character may dispel some of the fears that have * Much of the chemistry of perchloric acid and perchlorates is summarised in “The Chemical Elements and Their Compounds,” by N. -
The Reactions of Ozone with Methyl and Ethyl Nitrites
The Reactions of Ozone with Methyl and Ethyl Nitrites D. R. HASTIE, C. G. FREEMAN, M. J. McEWAN, and H. 1. SCHIFF* Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand Abstract The reactions of 0 3 with CH30NO and C2H 50NO were studied using infrared absorp tion spectroscopy in a static reactor at temperatures between 298 and 352K. Both reactions followed simple second-order kinetics forming the corresponding nitrate: (I) CHaONO + Oa ~ CH30N02 + O 2 (2) C2H 50NO + 0 3 ~ C2H 50N02 + O 2 The rate coefficients are given by 3 loglo k1(cm jmolec.sec) = (- 12.1 7 ± 0.23) - e3;.~0~ ~72) 3 loglo k2(cm jmolec·sec) = (- 15.50 ± 0.16) - C3:~0~ ~16) Introduction The methoxy radical CHsO is produced in the atmosphere as an intermediate in the photochemical qxidation of hydrocarbons and from the photolysis and oxidation of methane (1-3]. In the presence of nitrogen oxides NO", CHaO may be converted into the corresponding nitrite and nitrate, CHsONO and CHaON02 [3-5]. In spite of the potential atmospheric importance of methyl nitrite, few quantitative studies of its chemistry have been published although the photolysis [3], pyrolysis [6], and bond dissociation (7] processes have been investigated. We report here measurements of the rate coefficients k1 and k 2 for the reactions of methyl and ethyl nitrites with ozone at several temperatures in the range of 298-352K. (I) CH30NO + Oa ~ CHaON02 + O 2 + 19B kJ (2) C 2H.ONO + Oa ~ C 2H.ON02 + O 2 + 195 kJ * Erskine Visiting Professor. Permanent address: York University, Downsview, Ontario, Canada. -
Primary-Explosives
Improvised Primary Explosives © 1998 Dirk Goldmann No part of the added copyrighted parts (except brief passages that a reviewer may quote in a review) may be reproduced in any form unless the reproduced material includes the following two sentences: The copyrighted material may be reproduced without obtaining permission from anyone, provided: (1) all copyrighted material is reproduced full-scale. WARNING! Explosives are danegerous. In most countries it's forbidden to make them. Use your mind. You as an explosives expert should know that. 2 CONTENTS Primary Explosives ACETONE PEROXIDE 4 DDNP/DINOL 6 DOUBLE SALTS 7 HMTD 9 LEAD AZIDE 11 LEAD PICRATE 13 MEKAP 14 MERCURY FULMINATE 15 "MILK BOOSTER" 16 NITROMANNITE 17 SODIUM AZIDE 19 TACC 20 Exotic and Friction Primers LEAD NITROANILATE 22 NITROGEN SULFIDE 24 NITROSOGUANIDINE 25 TETRACENE 27 CHLORATE-FRICTION PRIMERS 28 CHLORATE-TRIMERCURY-ACETYLIDE 29 TRIHYDRAZINE-ZINC (II) NITRATE 29 Fun and Touch Explosives CHLORATE IMPACT EXPLOSIVES 31 COPPER ACETYLIDE 32 DIAMMINESILVER II CHLORATE 33 FULMINATING COPPER 33 FULMINATING GOLD 34 FULMINATING MERCURY 35 FULMINATING SILVER 35 NITROGEN TRICHLORIDE 36 NITROGEN TRIIODIDE 37 SILVER ACETYLIDE 38 SILVER FULMINATE 38 "YELLOW POWDER" 40 Latest Additions 41 End 3 PRIMARY EXPLOSIVES ACETONE PEROXIDE Synonyms: tricycloacetone peroxide, acetontriperoxide, peroxyacetone, acetone hydrogen explosive FORMULA: C9H18O6 VoD: 3570 m/s @ 0.92 g/cc. 5300 m/s @ 1.18 g/cc. EQUIVALENCE: 1 gram = No. 8 cap .75 g. = No. 6 cap SENSITIVITY: Very sensitive to friction, flame and shock; burns violently and can detonate even in small amounts when dry. DRAWBACKS: in 10 days at room temp. 50 % sublimates; it is best made immediately before use. -
1. Trioxygen Difluoride Reacts with Fluorine to Form A. Dioxygen Trifluoride B
1. Trioxygen difluoride reacts with fluorine to form a. Dioxygen trifluoride b. Dioxygen difluoride c. Oxygen difluoride d. Oxygen & fluorine 2. I2O4 and I2O9 are salt like and a. Are considered as iodine salt b. Are used in table salt c. Are called as iodine – iodates d. None of them 3. Reaction of HClO4 with P2O5 produces a. Chlorine heptaoxide b. Chlorine dioxide c. Dichlorine monoxide d. Chlorine hexaoxide 4. Reaction of bromine vapours with mercuric oxide yields a. Bromine dioxide b. Bromine trioxide c. Bromine monoxide d. All of them 5. Iodine pentaoxide acts as a. An oxidizing agent b. Reducing agent c. Bleaching agent d. Dehydrating agent 6. HClO2 is called a. Hypochlorous acid b. Chlorous acid c. Perchloric acid d. None of them 7. Which compound is used for the quantitative analysis of CO? a. O3F2 b. ClO2 c. Br2O d. I2O5 8. Bleaching powder can be manufactured by a. Hasenclever’s method b. Beckmann’s method c. Both a & b d. None of them 9. Bleaching powder oxidizes NH3 & yields a. Chlorine gas b. Nitrogen gas c. NH4Cl d. None of them 10. Freon is the commercial name of a. fluorochlorcarbons b. Tetrafluoroethylene c. Fluoroethylene d. None of them 11. Halothane is used as a. Disinfectant b. Anaesthetic c. Fungicicle d. Insecticide 12. Which one of the following halides has the highest lattlice energies? a. Iodides b. Chlorides c. Fluorides d. None of them 13. Which one of the following Halogens has the highest oxidizing power? a. F b. Cl c. I d. Br 14. Which one of the following Halogens can oxidize all other halide ions to molecular Halogen? a. -
Chemical Chemical Hazard and Compatibility Information
Chemical Chemical Hazard and Compatibility Information Acetic Acid HAZARDS & STORAGE: Corrosive and combustible liquid. Serious health hazard. Reacts with oxidizing and alkali materials. Keep above freezing point (62 degrees F) to avoid rupture of carboys and glass containers.. INCOMPATIBILITIES: 2-amino-ethanol, Acetaldehyde, Acetic anhydride, Acids, Alcohol, Amines, 2-Amino-ethanol, Ammonia, Ammonium nitrate, 5-Azidotetrazole, Bases, Bromine pentafluoride, Caustics (strong), Chlorosulfonic acid, Chromic Acid, Chromium trioxide, Chlorine trifluoride, Ethylene imine, Ethylene glycol, Ethylene diamine, Hydrogen cyanide, Hydrogen peroxide, Hydrogen sulfide, Hydroxyl compounds, Ketones, Nitric Acid, Oleum, Oxidizers (strong), P(OCN)3, Perchloric acid, Permanganates, Peroxides, Phenols, Phosphorus isocyanate, Phosphorus trichloride, Potassium hydroxide, Potassium permanganate, Potassium-tert-butoxide, Sodium hydroxide, Sodium peroxide, Sulfuric acid, n-Xylene. Acetone HAZARDS & STORAGE: Store in a cool, dry, well ventilated place. INCOMPATIBILITIES: Acids, Bromine trifluoride, Bromine, Bromoform, Carbon, Chloroform, Chromium oxide, Chromium trioxide, Chromyl chloride, Dioxygen difluoride, Fluorine oxide, Hydrogen peroxide, 2-Methyl-1,2-butadiene, NaOBr, Nitric acid, Nitrosyl chloride, Nitrosyl perchlorate, Nitryl perchlorate, NOCl, Oxidizing materials, Permonosulfuric acid, Peroxomonosulfuric acid, Potassium-tert-butoxide, Sulfur dichloride, Sulfuric acid, thio-Diglycol, Thiotrithiazyl perchlorate, Trichloromelamine, 2,4,6-Trichloro-1,3,5-triazine -
ET107, Dehydrated Alcohol, 200 Proof, Undenatured, USP
Scientific Documentation ET107, Dehydrated Alcohol, 200 Proof, Undenatured, USP Not appropriate for regulatory submission. Please visit www.spectrumchemical.com or contact Tech Services for the most up‐to‐date information contained in this information package. Spectrum Chemical Mfg Corp 769 Jersey Avenue New Brunswick, NJ 08901 Phone 732.214.1300 Ver4.05 16.October.2020 ET107, Dehydrated Alcohol, 200 Proof, Undenatured, USP Table of Contents Product Specification Certificate of Analysis Sample(s) Safety Data Sheet (SDS) Certification of Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) Manufacturing Process Flowchart Source Statement BSE/TSE Statement Allergen Statement EU Fragrance Allergen Statement GMO Statement Melamine Statement Nitrosamine Statement Animal Testing Statement Organic Compliance Statement Shelf Life Statement Other Chemicals Statement Elemental Impurities Statement Residual Solvents Statement General Label Information – Sample Label General Lot Numbering System Guidance Kosher Certificate Specification for Dehydrated Alcohol, 200 Proof, Undenatured, USP (ET107) Item Number ET107 Item Dehydrated Alcohol, 200 Proof, Undenatured, USP CAS Number 64-17-5 Molecular Formula C2H5OH Molecular Weight 46.07 MDL Number Synonyms Absolute Ethyl Alcohol ; Anhydrous Ethanol ; Ethanol ; Grain Derived Alcohol Test Specification Min Max ASSAY (by VOLUME) 99.5 % NOT MORE OPALESENT CLARITY OF SOLUTION THAN STANDARD NOT MORE INTENSE THAN COLOR OF SOLUTION STANDARD ACIDITY OR ALKALINITY SOLUTION IS PINK SPECIFIC GRAVITY @ 15.56oC 0.7962 UV ABSORPTION: 240 nm 0.40 250 - 260 nm 0.30 270 - 340 nm 0.10 ORGANIC IMPURITIES: METHANOL 200 μL/L ACETALDEHYDE AND ACETAL 10 μL/L BENZENE 2 μL/L SUM OF ALL OTHER IMPURITIES 300 μL/L LIMIT OF NONVOLATILE RESIDUE 2.5 mg ELEMENTAL IMPURITIES AS REPORTED IDENTIFICATION A 0.7962 SPECTRUM MATCHES IDENTIFICATION B REFERENCE IDENTIFICATION (C) LIMIT OF METHANOL 200 μL/L CERTIFIED KOSHER APPEARANCE EXPIRATION DATE DATE OF MANUFACTURE RESIDUAL SOLVENTS AS REPORTED CLASS 3 (solvent) / 1-PROPANOL . -
The Thermal Decomposition of Nitrate Esters. I. Ethyl Nitratel
3254 JOSEPH B. LEVY Vol. 7G [COSTRIBUTIOS FROM THEEXPLOSIVES RESEARCH DEPARTMENT, u. s. YAVAL ORDNANCE LABORATORY] The Thermal Decomposition of Nitrate Esters. I. Ethyl Nitratel BY JOSEPH B. LEVY RECEIVEDAGGUST 11, 1953 The thermal decomposition of gaseous ethyl nitrate has been studied at 161-201" at pressures of a few cm. An analytical technique has been developed using the absorption spectra in the infrared and visible regions which has made it possible to follow the disappearance of ethyl nitrate directly. It has been found that ethyl nitrite is a major product of the reaction and that methyl nitrite and nitromethane are formed in minor amounts. The formation of nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide as reported by others has also been observed using the optical techniques. The variations with time of ethyl nitrate, ethyl nitrite aud nitrogen dioxide have been followed quantitatively. Some semi-quantitative data have also been found for nitric oxide and nitromethane. The mechanism for nitrate ester decomposition is examined in the light of the results found and qome revisions suggested Introduction nitrate was obtained optically by transferring the contents of one bulb to an infrared cell without any heating period. The thermal decomposition of nitrate esters in Time mas counted from the immersion of the bulbs in the the gas phase has been the subject of much kinetic thermostat to their quenching in the cold water-bath. Both study by manometric Because of operations took only a few seconds. The time required fo: the bulbs to attain bath temperature was measured at 181 the complex nature of the reaction it was felt that by immersing a bulb filled with air at about 40 mm. -
Lesson 3 Practice for Naming and Predicting Formulae of Compounds
Title: Lesson 3 Practice for Naming and Predicting formulae of Compounds Objectives: Become proficient at naming and predicting formulae of chemical compounds. Specific Learner Outcomes: SWAT: Explain, using the periodic table, how and why elements combine to form compounds in specific ratios Predict formulas and write names for ionic and molecular compounds and common acids (sulfuric, hydrochloric etc) Activities: Worksheets External Resources: Visions 244-255, 284-292 AWC 89-104 Nelson 73-88 «First_» «Last» Predicting Formulae for Compounds Remember the first step is to determine whether a compound is ionic or molecular! Ionic compounds have a metal and a nonmetal while molecular have two nonmetals. 1. calcium phosphide 21. potassium carbonate 2. cesium oxide 22. lead(IV) chloride 3. manganese(iv) oxide 23. tin(II) bromide 4. iron(II) sulfide 24. ammonium hydroxide 5. potassium permanganate 25. iron(II) hydroxide 6. silver chloride 26. carbon dioxide 7. copper(II) hydroxide 27. dinitrogen pentoxide 8. ammonium sulfide 28. silver oxide 9. nickel(II) bromide 29. aluminum nitride 10. iron(II) oxide 30. manganese(II) hydroxide 11. mercury(I) sulfate 31. ammonium carbonate 12. iron(III) oxide 32. aluminum oxide 13. magnesium phosphide 33. antimony(v) sulfide 14. zinc hydride 34. calcium phosphate 15. diphosphorous pentoxide 35. cesium carbonate 16. aluminum phosphate 36. silver chromate 17. copper(II) nitrate 37. magnesium sulphate 18. nitrogen dioxide 38. chromium(III) phosphide 19. phosphorus trichloride 39. cobalt(III) nitrate 20. sodium phosphide 40. zinc iodide 41. iron(II) fluoride 66. copper(II) iodide 42. nickel(II) selenide 67. silver nitride 43. lithium oxide 68. -
Theoretical Calculations on the Structural, Electronic and Optical
Theoretical calculations on the structural, electronic and optical properties of bulk silver nitrides Mohammed S. H. Suleiman1,2, ∗ and Daniel P. Joubert1, † 1School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. 2Department of Physics, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan. (Dated: January 1, 2013) We present a first-principles investigation of structural, electronic and optical properties of bulk crystalline Ag3N, AgN and AgN2 based on density functional theory (DFT) and many-body pertur- bation theory. The equation of state (EOS), energy-optimized geometries, cohesive and formation energies, and bulk modulus and its pressure derivative of these three stoichiometries in a set of twenty different structures have been studied. Band diagrams and total and orbital-resolved density of states (DOS) of the most stable phases have been carefully examined. Within the random-phase approximation (RPA) to the dielectric tensor, the single-particle spectra of the quasi electrons and quasi holes were obtained via the GW approximation to the self-energy operator, and optical spec- tra were calculated. The results obtained were compared with experiment and with previously performed calculations. CONTENTS published works5. Due to its early discovery, copper ni- tride may now be considered as the most investigated 6 I. Introduction 1 among the late TMNs . On the other hand, the nitride of silver, the next el- II. Calculation Methods 2 ement to copper in group 11 of the periodic table, has 7,8 A. Stoichiometries and Crystal Structures 2 been known for more than two centuries . However, de- B. Electronic Relaxation Details 2 spite its earlier discovery, silver nitride may be the least theoretically studied solid in the late TMNs family. -
Study on the Formation and the Decomposition of Agn3 and A
Study on the formation and the decomposition of AgN3 and a hypothetical compound ReN3 by using density functional calculations. G. Soto. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología Km 107 carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada Baja California, México. Corresponding Author: G. Soto. CNyN-UNAM P.O. Box 439036, San Ysidro, CA 92143-9036, USA Tel: +52+646+1744602, Fax: +52+646+1744603 E-Mail: [email protected] Abstract We present a comparative study between ReN3 and AgN3 by using density functional theory. The ReN3 is a hypothetical compound proposed by us to interpret the Re to Re interplanar spacing of thin films grown by sputtering. Both, the AgN3 as the ReN3, are calculated as positive enthalpy compounds. The enthalpy might give a clue about the spontaneous decomposition of the solid form, but it cannot be interpreted as a restriction of its synthesizability. As from the calculated total-energy, we discuss the route for the formation of AgN3 starting from atomic species in aqueous solution. We propose that their synthesizability is conditioned by the energy of free nitrogen atoms, and the kinetics of reaction. We conclude that the intrinsic stability of a certain atomic arrangement depends only of the equilibrium of atomic forces, and not from the energy value associated with that structure. 1 1. Introduction Predicting new solids based solely on computer calculations is one of the main challenges of materials science. Achieving this would mean a giant step forward as it would save many hours of fruitless efforts. Although there has been significant progress[1], it is still early to sing praises. -
H2O2 and NH 2 OH
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2006 , 7, 289-319 International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 © 2006 by MDPI www.mdpi.org/ijms/ A Quest for the Origin of Barrier to the Internal Rotation of Hydrogen Peroxide (H 2O2) and Fluorine Peroxide (F 2O2) Dulal C. Ghosh Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, India Email: [email protected], Fax: +91-33 25828282 Received: 2 July 2006 / Accepted: 24 July 2006 / Published: 25 August 2006 Abstract: In order to understand the structure-property relationship, SPR, an energy- partitioning quest for the origin of the barrier to the internal rotation of two iso-structural molecules, hydrogen peroxide, H 2O2, and fluorine peroxide, F 2O2 is performed. The hydrogen peroxide is an important bio-oxidative compound generated in the body cells to fight infections and is an essential ingredient of our immune system. The fluorine peroxide is its analogue. We have tried to discern the interactions and energetic effects that entail the nonplanar skew conformation as the equilibrium shape of the molecules. The physical process of the dynamics of internal rotation initiates the isomerization reaction and generates infinite number of conformations. The decomposed energy components faithfully display the physical process of skewing and eclipsing as a function of torsional angles and hence are good descriptors of the process of isomerization reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H 2O2) and dioxygen difluoride (F 2O2) associated with the dynamics of internal rotation. It is observed that the one-center, two-center bonded and nonbonded interaction terms are sharply divided in two groups. One group of interactions hinders the skewing and favours planar cis/trans forms while the other group favours skewing and prefers the gauche conformation of the molecule.