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Sexual Violence: Weapon of War, Impediment to Peace

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Sexual Violence: Weapon of War, Impediment to Peace issue 27 January 2007 Sexual violence: weapon of war, impediment to peace plus: n Massive displacement in Iraq n Forgotten Kosovo IDPs n Somalis risk death crossing Red Sea n Misrepresenting Sudan’s Lost Boys n Voices of displaced Colombians Published by the Refugee Studies Centre in association with the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Corinne Owen from Forced Migration Review Forced Migration Review provides the a forum for the regular exchange of practical experience, information and editors ideas between researchers, refugees and internally displaced people, and This special issue of FMR builds on momentum generated by the International Symposium on those who work with them. It is published Sexual Violence in Conflict and Beyond, convened in Brussels in June 2006 by the Government in English, Spanish, Arabic and French of Belgium, the European Commission and the UN Population Fund (UNFPA). We are grateful to by the Refugee Studies Centre, University Thoraya Obaid, executive director of UNFPA, for giving FMR the opportunity to highlight progress of Oxford. FMR was launched in 1998 – and the ongoing challenges – in tackling the scourge of sexual violence in countries torn apart in partnership with the Norwegian by war. We would also like to thank her colleagues Pamela DeLargy, Cécile Mazzacurati and Refugee Council. Henia Dakkak for their invaluable assistance in planning and preparing this special issue. Editors The production and distribution costs of this issue have been funded by UNFPA, the European Commission, Belgian Development Cooperation, the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Marion Couldrey & Dr Tim Morris Affairs, the Austrian Development Agency, Concern Worldwide, Oxfam Novib, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) and the World Food Programme. Editorial Assistant Musab Hayatli FMR is published in English, Arabic, Spanish and French by the Refugee Studies Centre of the University of Oxford. It is the world’s most widely read publication on refugee and internal Assistant displacement issues. FMR is distributed without charge and the full text of all articles is online Sharon Ellis at www.fmreview.org. In 2006 we printed and distributed 72,000 hard copies, two thirds of them to readers in developing countries. Forced Migration Review If this is the first issue you have received and you would like to continue receiving the magazine, Refugee Studies Centre please use the tear-off form on the back cover or see contact details in left column. We will Department of International Development need to know your name, organisation’s name, full postal address and which language edition 3 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TB, UK you wish to receive. Email: [email protected] Tel/fax: +44 (0)1865 280700 FMR28, to be published in May 2007, will focus on building the capacity of Southern govern- Skype: fmreview ments and civil society to assist and protect displaced people. Information about forthcoming issues is at www.fmreview.org/forthcoming.htm. Website www.fmreview.org Each FMR contains articles on a particular theme but also a wide range of articles on any aspect of contemporary forced migration. We would like FMR to consolidate its role as a forum Copyright and disclaimer for voices of the displaced and particularly encourage submissions from refugees and IDPs and Opinions in FMR do not necessarily reflect those working directly with them. We also want to expand our readership. Please tell colleagues the views of the Refugee Studies Centre or about FMR and contact us for additional copies for conferences and training events. UNFPA. Any FMR print or online material FMR needs financial support! FMR is entirely dependent on grants (for staff, translation, may be freely reproduced, provided that printing and distribution costs) as we receive only logistical support from the University of acknowledgement is given to the source Oxford. The budget for FMR’s four language editions for the University of Oxford 2006-2007 and, where possible, the FMR URL and/or financial year is £286,000 / $US554,000 / €427,000. We currently depend mainly on issue- the article-specific URL. specific grants, mostly for small amounts. It would be extremely helpful for our forward planning We welcome comments on the if the many agencies which have supported our work could make a modest year-on-year content and layout of FMR – commitment towards our costs. Perhaps you might make a recommendation to your agency please email, write or use the colleagues? Please contact us. form on our homepage. With our best wishes for 2007. Designed by Marion Couldrey & Tim Morris Art24 (www.art-24.co.uk) Printed by Image Production In addition to the sponsors of this issue, we gratefully acknowledge recent support from: www.imageproduction.co.uk A M Qattan Foundation European Commission Norwegian Refugee Council ISSN 1460-9819 Humanitarian Aid (ECHO) Brookings-Bern Project Oxfam GB on Internal Displacement Feinstein International Centre Front cover photo: Save the Children UK Per-Anders Pettersson Catholic Relief Services Global Alliance Against Trafficking in Women Sultan of Oman Christian Aid Government of Qatar UNDP • UNHCR • UNIAP Comprehensive Reproductive UNICEF • UNOCHA • UNRWA Health in Crises Programme Sir Joseph Hotung Programme on Law, Human Rights and Peace US Institute of Peace DanChurchAid Building in the Middle East Welfare Association Danish Refugee Council International Rescue Committee Women’s Commission Department for International INTERPAL for Refugee Women Development (UK) and Children Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs World Vision UK contents Challenging Liberian attitudes towards violence Sexual violence: weapon of against women war, impediment to peace by June Munala .............................................................................. 36 Through our eyes: participatory video in West Africa Introduction by Tegan Molony, Zeze Konie and Lauren Goodsmith ................. 37 by Thoraya Ahmed Obaid ................................................................. 5 Fighting gender-based violence in South Sudan Worldwide coalition against sexual violence by Lona Elia .................................................................................... 39 by Armand De Decker ...................................................................... 7 Sexual violence and firewood collection in Darfur International responsibilities by Erin Patrick................................................................................. 40 by Jan Egeland ................................................................................. 8 Listening to the women of Darfur ............................................... 42 An urgent issue of public health and human rights by Manuel Carballo ........................................................................ 10 Women’s centres: spaces of empowerment in Darfur by Carmen Lowry ............................................................................ 43 The European Union: a strategic approach by Lieve Fransen ............................................................................11 Sudanese women acting to end sexual violence by Fahima A Hashim ......................................................................44 UN Security Council Resolution 1325 by Jackie Kirk and Suzanne Taylor ................................................13 Sexual violence in South Kivu, Congo by Claudia Rodriguez ..................................................................... 45 The theatre of war by Brigitte M Holzner and Dominique-Claire Mair ........................14 In their own words ....................................................................... 47 Sexual violence: weapon of war Addressing sexual violence in post-conflict Burundi by Katie Thomas ............................................................................15 by Nona Zicherman ........................................................................ 48 Challenges to effective protection Creating safe spaces: lessons from South Africa and by Rose Kimotho ............................................................................ 17 Burundi by Christine Lebrun and Katharine Derderian ............................. 50 Traumatic fistula: the case for reparations by Arletty Pinel and Lydiah Kemunto Bosire ................................18 Uganda: early marriage as a form of sexual violence by Noah Gottschalk ........................................................................ 51 Assisting children born of sexual exploitation and abuse by Lauren Rumble and Swati Mehta ............................................. 20 Establishing services in post-conflict Sierra Leone by Amie-Tejan Kellah ...................................................................... 53 Sexual violence against men and boys by Wynne Russell ........................................................................... 22 Trauma response and prevention: precondition for peace and justice Sexual violence and HIV/AIDS transmission by Selmin Çalýþkan ........................................................................54 by Jennifer Klot and Pam DeLargy ................................................ 23 Time to end violence against Palestinian women and girls Integrating protection into food aid by FMR editors ............................................................................... 55 by Mariangela Bizzarri ................................................................... 24 Involving men on the Thai-Burma border Conflict-driven
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