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Yehezkel Kaufmann and the Reinvention of Jewish Biblical Scholarship

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Yehezkel Kaufmann and the Reinvention of Jewish Biblical Scholarship Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2017 Yehezkel Kaufmann and the Reinvention of Jewish Biblical Scholarship Edited by: Jindo, Job Y. ; Sommer, Benjamin D. ; Staubli, Thomas Abstract: The biblical scholar, historian, and Jewish thinker Yehezkel Kaufmann (1889–1963) is best known for two magisterial works: a two-volume interpretation of Jewish history, Golah ve-nekhar (Exile and Alienation, 1928–1932), and a four-volume study of biblical religion, Toledot ha-emunah ha-yisre’elit (A History of the Israelite Faith, 1937–1956). Toledot in particular is the most monumental achievement of modern Jewish biblical scholarship. No other figure, not even Martin Buber, has had such a profound influence on the work of Jewish scholars of the Bible. Whether by supporting his ideas with newevidence, modifying them in light of new discoveries or methods, or attacking them, and whether addressing his work explicitly or implicitly, a substantial amount of modern Jewish biblical criticism builds upon the foundation set by Kaufmann. The latter’s phenomenological analysis of biblical monotheism as well as his critique of theoretical and methodological assumptions that are still dominant in historical studies in general, and biblical scholarship in particular, are an invaluable asset for those who engage in bibli- cal scholarship, historical studies, and comparative religion. The idea of this volume was conceived at an international symposium held in Switzerland, from June 10–11, 2014, “Yehezkel Kaufmann and the Reinvention of Jewish Exegesis of the Bible in Bern.” This gathering was held at the Universities of Bern and of Fribourg in order to commemorate the centenary of Yehezkel Kaufmann’s matriculation at the University of Bern on May 5, 1914, and to document and reassess the significance of his legacy and its reception. The symposium had three foci, corresponding with sections I-III of this volume: Kaufmann’s biography and intellectual background, his impact on Jewish studies, and his contribution to modern bib- lical scholarship. The volume provides a comprehensive and multi-faceted account of Kaufmann’s work, through which Anglophone readers, students and scholars alike, can explore the hitherto unrecognized significance and profundity of Kaufmann’s legacy. It includes not only the symposium papers butalso other essays, including two testimonies by two of his students, Menahem Haran and Moshe Greenberg and some of Kaufmann’s own writings—all heretofore unavailable in English—that are crucial for a fuller appreciation of his life project. Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-142957 Edited Scientific Work Published Version Originally published at: Yehezkel Kaufmann and the Reinvention of Jewish Biblical Scholarship. Edited by: Jindo, Job Y.; Sommer, Benjamin D.; Staubli, Thomas (2017). Fribourg, Switzerland / Göttingen, Germany: Academic Press / Vandenhoeck Ruprecht. Jindo / Sommer / Staubli (eds.) Yehezkel Kaufmann and the Reinvention of Jewish Biblical Scholarship ORBIS BIBLICUS ET ORIENTALIS Founded by Othmar Keel Published on behalf of the BIBLE+ORIENT Foundation in cooperation with the Department of Biblical Studies, University of Fribourg Switzerland, the Institute of Egyptology, University of Basel, the Institute of Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology section, University of Berne, the Institut romand des sciences bibliques, University of Lausanne, the Institute of Religious Studies, University of Zurich and the Swiss Society for Ancient Near Eastern Studies by Susanne Bickel, Thomas C. Römer, Daniel Schwemer and Christoph Uehlinger Volume editors Job Y. Jindo is Associate Director of Academic Programs at the Tikvah Fund, New York. He has taught at New York University School of Law and the Jew- ish Theological Seminary of America, while serving as Director of Academic Programs at New York University’s Tikvah Center for Law & Jewish Civiliza- tion. He holds a B.A. in Bible and Talmud from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (1997), an M.A. in Hebrew Bible/Old Testament from Harvard (1999), and a Ph.D. in Bible and Ancient Semitic Languages from the Jewish Theological Seminary of America (2006; awarded with distinction). Benjamin D. Sommer is Professor of Bible and Ancient Semitic Languages at the Jewish Theological Seminary, New York, since 2008. Previously, he served as director of the Crown Family Center for Jewish Studies at Northwestern University, where he had taught since 1994. He holds a B.A. with distinction in Philosophy and Judaic Studies from Yale University (1986); an M.A. in Bi- ble and Ancient Near East from Brandeis University (1991); and a PhD with distinction in Religion/Biblical Studies from the University of Chicago (1994). Thomas Staubli is senior lecturer at the Department of Biblical Studies, Uni- versity of Fribourg, Switzerland. Having studied at Fribourg, Jerusalem, Ber- lin and Bern, he holds a PhD in Theology (1989) from the University of Fri- bourg. In 1987–88 he was director of studies at the Dormition Abbey in Jerusalem. 1989–1994 he established and directed the Biblical Pastoral Min- istry of the Diocese of St. Gallen. From 1999 to 2012 he participated in the establishment of the BIBLE+ORIENT Museum and served as its first director until 2012. Co-director of the BIBLE+ORIENT Database online (BODO). Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 283 Job Y. Jindo, Benjamin D. Sommer, Thomas Staubli (eds.) Yehezkel Kaufmann and the Reinvention of Jewish Biblical Scholarship Academic Press Fribourg Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. The series Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis publishes monographs, collective volumes and conference proceedings in all areas of ancient Near Eastern studies: biblical studies (Hebrew Bible and Septua- gint), egyptology, assyriology, archaeology, iconography, history of religions. The editors and the partner institutions ensure its multi- and interdisciplinary orientation and academic quality. The series enjoys worldwide distribution, subscription and readership. Publication inquiries may be addressed to one of the members of the editorial board. Manuscripts are examined by the board and may be submitted to further independent peer review. Electronic manuscript data are stored at the University of Zurich’s open access repository (www.zora. uzh.ch), from where they can be retrieved free of charge after a period of 24 months following print publication. Cover imprint: From Kaufmann’s letter to his former teacher Joseph Klausner (1874 – 1958). The letter is preserved in the Joseph Klausner archive in the National Library of Israel (ARC. 4° 1086/444). We thank Ms. Rachel Misrati of the Department of Archives for providing us with a copy of this letter. Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Orientalische Altertumswissenschaft Société suisse pour l’étude du Proche-Orient ancien Swiss Society for Ancient Near Eastern Studies PublicationPubliziert mit subsidized freundlicher by Dr. UnterstützungCelia Zwillenberg, der the Research Fund ofSchweizerischen the University of Akademie Fribourg, the Nordmann Foundation andder Geistes-the Swiss undAcademy Sozialwissenschaften of Humanities and Social Sciences. Gesamtkatalog auf Internet: InternetAcademic general Press catalogue: Fribourg: www.paulusedition.ch AcademicVandenhoeck Press &Fribourg: Ruprecht, www.paulusedition.ch Göttingen: www.v-r.de Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen: www.v-r.de Text und Abbildungen wurden vom Autor Camera-ready text submitted by the editors, final layout by Marcia Bodenmann, als formatierte PDF-Daten zur Verfügung gestellt. Department of Religious Studies, University of Zurich ©© 20172014 by by Academic Academic Press Press Fribourg Fribourg and VandenhoeckVandenhoeck & &Ruprecht Ruprecht Göttingen Göttingen ISBN:ISBN: 978-3-7278-1813-4 978-3-7278-1749-6 (Academic (Academic Press Press Fribourg) Fribourg) ISBN:ISBN: 978-3-525-54414-3 978-3-525-54389-4 (Vandenhoeck (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht) & Ruprecht) ISSN:ISSN: 1015-1850 1015-1850 (Orb. (Orb. biblicus biblicus orient.) orient.) The symposium’s participants on June 11, 2014, from left to right, standing: Eva Tyrell, Thomas Staubli, Israel Knohl, Ziony Zevit, Adrian Schenker, Thomas Krapf; sitting: René Bloch, Othmar Keel, Nili Wazana, Job Jindo, Benjamin Sommer (photo courtesy: Christoph Knoch). Contents Introduction ................................................................................................ VII I. Kaufmann’s Life THOMAS M. KRAPF Yehezkel Koifman: An Outline of his Life and Work ................................ 3 THOMAS STAUBLI (translated by J. Riemer) Yehezkel Kaufmann: The Bern Years of a Genius ..................................... 45 MOSHE GREENBERG (1991; translated by L. Levin) Personal Views of Yehezkel Kaufmann ..................................................... 60 II. Kaufmann and Judaism JOB Y. JINDO Is Kaufmann’s Toledot a “Jewish” Project? Empirical Research between Naturalism and Supernaturalism .................................................
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