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Os Nomes Galegos Dos Primates 2020 2ª Ed

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Os Nomes Galegos Dos Primates 2020 2ª Ed Os nomes galegos dos primates 2020 2ª ed. Citación recomendada / Recomm ended citation: A Chave (20202): Os nomes galegos dos primates. Xinzo de Limia (Ourense): A Chave. https://ww w .achave.gal/wp-content/uploads/achave_osnom esgalegosdos_primates_20 20 .pdf Fotografía: macaco caranguexeiro (Macaca fascicularis ). A utor: S ilverio C erradelo. Esta obra está suxeita a unha licenza Creative Com m ons de uso aberto, con recoñecem ento da autoría e sen obra derivada nin usos com erciais. Resum o da licenza: https://creativecom m ons.org/licences/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.gl. Licenza com pleta: https://creativecom m ons.org/licences/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode#languages. 1 Notas introdutorias O que contén este documento Na primeira edición deste recurso léxico (2018) fo r n e c é r o n s e denom inacións para máis de 470 especies de primates. Na segunda edición (2020) in c o r p o r o u s e o lo g o d a C h a v e ao deseño do docum ento, reescribíronse as notas introdutorias, re visá ro n se os nom es galegos, facendo algunha pequena m odificación nalgún deles –de modo destacado, nos nomes das subespecies dos gorilas–, e fíxo se u n h a actualización taxonóm ica, incorporando as últim as novidades científicas canto á consideración de especie ou subespecie dos mamíferos deste grupo. En total, nesta edición achéganse nom es para 494 especies e 76 subespecies de primates de todo o planeta. A estrutura En primeiro lugar preséntase unha clasificación taxonóm ica q u e c o n s id e r a a s fa m ilia s d o s p r im a t e s , o n d e se apunta, de maneira xeral, os nom es dos primates q u e h a i e n c a d a fa m ilia . A seguir vén o corpo do docum ento, o n d e s e in d ic a , especie por especie, alén do nom e científico, os nom es galegos e ingleses dos primates (nalgún caso, tam én, o nom e xenérico para un grupo deles). Ao final inclúese unha listaxe de re fe re n cias bibliog rá fica s que foron utilizadas para a elaboración do presente docum ento. Nalgunhas desas referencias recóllense ou propóñense nom es galegos para diferentes especies de primates, quer xenéricos quer específicos. Outras referencias achegan nom es para estes mam íferos noutras linguas, que tam én foron tidos en conta. Alén diso, inclúense algunhas referencias básicas a respecto da m etodoloxía e dos criterios term inolóxicos em pregados. 2 Tratam ento terminolóxico Procurouse en primeiro lugar nos nom es vernáculos galegos. Existen no acervo lingüístico galego poucos nom es para os primates: macaco, mico, mono e orangotango (sobre este nom e facem os m áis adiante unha nota específica). De moita máis recente incorporación nalgúns dicionarios galegos son outros nomes com o mandril, chimpancé ou gorila. Macaco e mono son sinónim os practicam ente equivalentes, aínda que ta lve z macaco sexa ben característico das especies da fam ilia Cercopithecidae e mono especialmente das especies da fam ilia Cebidae. Outra denominación xeral é sim io, que podería considerarse igualmente sinónim a de macaco e mono, mais recomendada de maneira particular para os primates do xénero Simias, un xénero na actualidade só em pregado para a especie Simias concolor, o sim io unicolor, con dúas subespecies: Simias concolor concolor (sim io da illa Pagai) e Simias concolor siberu (sim io da illa Siberut). Outro recurso foi recorrer aos nom es científicos, en latín, de modo paralelo ás denom inacións desas especies de primates noutras linguas. Así, nom es com o gálago, para as especies do xénero Galago ou da fa m ilia Galagidae ; poto, para as especies do xénero Potto ou moi próximas filoxeneticam ente a estas; lo r is , para as especies do xénero Loris ou desa mesm a fam ilia (Lorisidae) ; in d r i, para o Indri indri e outras especies da fam ilia In d r iid a e ; ta rsio , para as especies do xénero Tarsius ou da fam ilia Tarsiidae ; cólobo, para as especies do xénero Colobus ; ta lap o ín para a especie Miopithecus talapoin ; lé m u r e , do latín Lem ur etc., algúns deles xa propostos para o galego en ám bitos divulgativos (lé m u r e mesmo xa recollido nalgúns dicionarios). Alén dos nomes presentes na tradición e dos nomes científicos, recorreuse á lu s o f o n ía , seguíndom os o criterio recollido nas Normas ortográficas e morfolóxicas do idioma galego (RA G e ILG ) do ano 2 0 0 4 : “P ara o arrequecem ento do léxico culto, nom eadam ente no referido aos ám bitos científico e técnico, o portugués será considerado recurso fundam ental, sem pre que esta adopción non for contraria ás características estruturais do galego”. Deste xeito incorporáronse ou adaptáronse algúns nomes para primates, como macaco lanoso e macaco araña (do portugués do B rasil), para os primates da fam ilia Atelidae; tití, para algunhas especies da fam ilia Pitheciidae (talvez de orixe onom atopeica, usado en latinoam érica e incorporado ao brasileiro); macaco fida lgo , para Colobus polykomos ; macaco mouro, para Macaca maura ; macaco narigudo ou násico, p a r a Nasalis larvatus ; lé m u r e c o r o a d o , para Eulem ur coronatus ; lé m u r e n e g r o , para Eulem ur macaco (iguelm ente, neste caso, lé m u r e n e g r o en portugués); lé m u r e d e r a b o a n e la d o , para Lem ur catta (a d a p ta c ió n d o n o m e lém ure de cauda anelada , en portugués); xagra (orixinario de M ozam bique), xeneralizado en portugués com o sinónim o de gálago para as especies da fam ilia Galagidae etc. P a r a e s t e s últimos, adem ais, tom áronse do portugués de Angola algúns nom es específicos com o gálago de Monteiro para Otolemur crassicaudatus monteiri, gálago de Thom as para Galagoides thomasi, gálago de Cum bira para Galagoides kumbirensis, gálago de Dem idoff para Galagoides demidoff ou gálago de Mohol para Galago moholi. Adoptáronse así mesmo denom inacións vernáculas doutras linguas: nom es com o sifaca para as especies do xénero Propithecus (do m algaxe, por súa vez de orixe onom atopeica, adoptado en practicam ente todos 3 os idiomas) ; aie-aie para Daubentonia madagascariensis (igualm ente do m algaxe e adoptado en practicam ente todos os idiom as); saguí para os primates do xénero Saguinus da fam ilia Callitrichidae (nom e procedente do tupí-guaraní e usado no portugués do B rasil) ; cuxiús, parauazús, guigós e uacarís para diversas especies da fam ilia Pitheciidae (tam én nom es tom ados do tupí-guaraní, usados no brasileiro) ; buxíos, muriquís e miriquinás (igualm ente orixinarios do tupí-guaraní, usados no brasileiro) para as especies da fam ilia Atelidae etc. Para especies relativam ente coñecidas, cando menos nos ám bitos divulgativos, aplicáronse os mesm os nom es q u e , c o in c id e n t e s , t e ñ e n en diversos idiom as. Denominacións como por exemplo dril para Mandrillus leucophaeus (q u e , x u n to c o n o m e mandril, de Mandrillus sphinx, form a un pequeno sistem a de nom enclatura ), bonobo para Pan paniscus, babuínos para as especies do xénero Papio, mangabeis para as especies dos xéneros Cercocebus e Lophocebus, xibóns p a r a a s e s p e c ie s d a fa m ilia Hylobatidae etc., que noutros idiom as teñen estes mesm os nom es ou modificadores (tam én en portugués, e xa usados en galego en medios de divulgación). Para o caso particular dos primates lem uriformes da fam ilia Lepilem uridae , escolleuse a denom inación lé m u r e s d o n iñ a , que é un dos nom es portugueses destas especies, así m esm o un dos nom es ingleses (weasel lemurs), tam én o nom e alem án (Wieselmakis), o n o m e fra n c é s (lé m u r s b e le t t e s ) e o n o m e catalán (lè m u r s m o s t e la ). Na adaptación de empréstimos lingüísticos, p a r a os que term inan en –ng procúrase norm almente en galego unha solución para evitarm os o gue final. No caso de siam ang (n o m e m a la io p a ra Symphalangus syndactylus, primate da fam ilia Hylobatidae), c h a m a d o siam ang na maioría das linguas cuxo consonantisno final adopta habitualm ente a term inación -ng , na Chave adaptám olo coa form a siam ango, m áis acorde co consonantism o e o léxico propio do galego. N esta m esm a liña, a adaptación para mangabei (na m aioría dos idiom as tom ada do inglés: mangabey, por súa vez do topónimo Mangabey / M a n g a b e i ). 4 Máis dun nome para unha especie Algunhas das especies deste grupo faunístico teñen en galego varias denominacións. Así, por exemplo, macaco de Hamlyn e cercopiteco de Ham lyn para Cercopithecus hamlyni ou, por exem plo, gálago de rabo fe lp u d o , xagra de rabo felpudo e xagra xigante para Otolemur crassicaudatus.
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