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Analiza Izvora Moći Političkoga Vodstva Franje Tuđmana

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Analiza Izvora Moći Političkoga Vodstva Franje Tuđmana FAKULTET POLITIČKIH ZNANOSTI Jakov Žižić ANALIZA IZVORA MOĆI POLITIČKOGA VODSTVA FRANJE TUĐMANA DOKTORSKI RAD Zagreb, 2019. FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCES Jakov Žižić POLITICAL LEADERSHIP OF FRANJO TUĐMAN: ANALYSIS OF SOURCES OF POWER DOCTORAL THESIS Zagreb, 2019. FAKULTET POLITIČKIH ZNANOSTI Jakov Žižić ANALIZA IZVORA MOĆI POLITIČKOGA VODSTVA FRANJE TUĐMANA DOKTORSKI RAD Mentori: Prof.dr.sc. Tihomir Cipek Izv.prof.dr.sc. Ivica Miškulin Zagreb, 2019. FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCES Jakov Žižić POLITICAL LEADERSHIP OF FRANJO TUĐMAN: ANALYSIS OF SOURCES OF POWER DOCTORAL THESIS Supervisors: Prof.dr.sc. Tihomir Cipek Izv.prof.dr.sc. Ivica Miškulin Zagreb, 2019. O mentoru Dr.sc. Tihomir Cipek redoviti je profesor na Fakultetu politiĉkih znanosti Sveuĉilišta u Zagrebu gdje predaje kolegije iz podruĉja politiĉkih ideologija i politika povijesti. Dobitnik je Drţavne nagrade za znanost Republike Hrvatske za 2006. i 2018. godinu. U dva je navrata obavljao duţnost predsjednika Hrvatskog politološkog društva. Bio je gostujući istraţivaĉ i profesor na Sveuĉilištima u Beĉu, Göttingenu, Marburgu an der Lahn, Bonnu, Bratislavi i Londonu. Bio je ĉlan meĊunarodnog uredništva The International Encyclopedia of Political Science u izdanju APSA-e. Autor je i urednik većeg broja knjiga. Osim na hrvatskom, radove objavljuje i na njemaĉkom, engleskom i poljskom jeziku. O sumentoru Dr.sc. Ivica Miškulin izvanredni je profesor na Odjelu za povijest Hrvatskog katoliĉkog sveuĉilišta u Zagrebu. Bavi se razliĉitim temama iz hrvatske povijesti XX. stoljeća s posebnim naglaskom na razdoblje izmeĊu dvaju svjetskih ratova i razdoblju stvaranja samostalne hrvatske drţave. O tome je objavio veći broj znanstvenih radova kao i knjige Imas puska? Imas pistol? O mirovnim operacijama Ujedinjenih naroda u zapadnoj Slavoniji (2014.) i Šeks. Politička biografija (2017.). ZAHVALE Kao što je ĉovjek biće koje je socijalno i upućeno na druge ljude, tako je i pisanje moje doktorske disertacije nuţno trebalo pomoć i podršku drugih ljudi. Smatram se osobito sretnim jer sam u svakom trenutku pisanja mogao raĉunati na pomoć i podršku svih onih kojima sam se obraćao. A njih je bio nemali broj. Najprije, ţelim zahvaliti svom mentoru prof.dr.sc. Tihomiru Cipeku koji ni jednom nije dvojio da sam dorastao zahtjevnom istraţivaĉkom izazovu kao što je politiĉko vodstvo Franje TuĊmana. Njegov stalni i gotovo šestogodišnji angaţman s doktorandskim seminarima bio je najbolji i najveći poticaj za kontinuirani rad na doktorskom istraţivanju. Posebna zahvala ide i mom sumentoru izv.prof.dr.sc. Ivici Miškulinu koji se pridruţio u drugoj polovici pisanja i koji me je usmjeravao i vodio u historiografskom dijelu doktorskog istraţivanja. Vaţno mjesto pripada i prof.dr.sc. Berti Šalaju koji mi je svojim struĉnim savjetima znatno olakšao pisanje ovog rada. Nenadomjestiva je bila i meĊusobna potpora mojih kolega s doktorskih seminara, Hrvoja Ćurka, Andreje Antolić, Dijane Delaye i Stjepana Lackovića. Jedna od zahtjevnijih zadaća u doktorskom istraţivanju bila je dobivanje intervjua od bivših visokih stranaĉkih i drţavnih duţnosnika koji su zajedno s Franjom TuĊmanom sudjelovali u procesima odluĉivanja od 1989. do 1999. Trebalo je biti jako umješan i ustrajan da bi se opće ostvario kontakt, a onda i dogovorio i proveo intervju sa ţeljenim ispitanikom. Svima onima koji su mi pomogli u kontaktiranju i dogovaranju intervjua dugujem naroĉitu zahvalnost. Ovaj bi rad bilo teško ostvariti bez razumijevanja i podrške moje radne i šire okoline. Prvo su to bili kolege alumniji iz Akademije za politiĉki razvoj na ĉelu s tadašnjim predsjednikom Domagojem Raĉićem, a onda i kolege nastavnici i znanstvenici s Hrvatskog katoliĉkog sveuĉilišta na ĉelu s proĉelnikom Odjela za komunikologiju izv.prof.dr.sc. Jerkom Valkovićem. Svi su se oni slušanjem, raspravama, savjetima, komentarima, a ponajviše prijateljstvom, ugradili u stranice ovoga rada. Posebna zahvala ide Ani Šeremet i Karlu Ressleru na njihovoj svesrdnoj podršci. Ţelim zahvaliti svojim roditeljima Dijani i Anti koji su mi pruţali bezrezervnu podršku tijekom cijelog studiranja i omogućili mi da se upišem na doktorski studij. Moji su se roditelji uvijek vodili ţeljom da svojoj djeci pruţe najviše moguće obrazovanje i mogu biti ponosni što su to uspjeli i ostvariti. Za kraj, mojoj supruzi Vanji zahvaljujem na neograniĉenoj potpori, strpljenju i ljubavi koju mi je pruţala tijekom cjelokupnog pisanja, pa i duţe od toga. Njoj ova doktorska disertacija pripada jednako koliko i meni. Sažetak Ovo se doktorsko istraţivanje bavi politiĉkim djelovanjem Franje TuĊmana od 1989. do 1999. iz analitiĉke perspektive politiĉkog vodstva. Politiĉko vodstvo se u radu razmatra kao oblik moći u smislu utjecaja politiĉkih voĊa na ishode odluĉivanja. Prema teoriji politiĉkog vodstva, utjecaj politiĉkih voĊa na ishode odluĉivanja odreĊen je s tri tipa ĉimbenika – institucionalnim, situacijskim i osobnim. Kroz analizu politiĉkog djelovanja Franje TuĊmana u razliĉitim fazama i tipovima politiĉke aktivnosti od 1989. do 1999. autor će ispitati koliko je bio uspješan odnosno neuspješan u oblikovanju ishoda politiĉkog odluĉivanja te će identificirati kljuĉne ĉimbenike odnosno izvore moći njegova politiĉkog vodstva. Empirijska analiza je pokazala da je TuĊman imao odluĉujuću ulogu u oblikovanju stranaĉkih i drţavnih odluka od 1989. do 1999., premda se u pojedinim fazama morao susresti i s neuspjesima u odluĉivanju. Istraţivanje je utvrdilo i objasnilo utjecaj odabranih institucionalnih, situacijski i osobnih ĉimbenika politiĉkog vodstva Franje TuĊmana, pri ĉemu su se institucionalni elementi pokazali najstabilnijim izvorima moći TuĊmanova politiĉkog vodstva. Odabrani situacijski ĉimbenik je postao naroĉito znaĉajan poslije parlamentarnih i predsjedniĉkih izbora 1992., dok je osobni element (TuĊmanova karizma) bio primarni izvor moći politiĉkog vodstva Franje TuĊmana u fazi osnivanja Hrvatske demokratske zajednice, a u kasnijim fazama je taj utjecaj bio ojaĉan i oslabljen ovisno o situaciji. Ključne riječi: Politiĉko vodstvo, Franjo TuĊman, Hrvatska demokratska zajednica, karizma Summary This dissertation examines the political action of Franjo TuĊman from 1989 to 1999 from the analytical perspective of political leadership. Here, the political leadership is regarded as the form of power in the sense of influence of political leaders on the outcomes of decision – making processes. According to political leadership theory, three types of factors determine the influence of political leaders on the outcomes of decision – making processes: institutional, situational and personal factors. By analysing Tudjman’s political action in the different phases and types of activities from 1989 to 1999, it is aim to examine his successes and failures in shaping the state and party decisions and identify key factors, that is sources of power of his political leadership. An empirical analysis showed that TuĊman had decisive role in shaping the outcomes of party and state decision – making processes from 1989 to 1999, although in certain phases he faced failures in shaping the political outcomes. The analysis identified the impact of selected institutional, situational and personal factors of political leadership of Franjo TuĊman, showing that institutional elements were most stable sources of power of TuĊman's political leadership. Selected situational factor became especially significant after the parliamentary and presidential elections in 1992, while personal element (TuĊman's charisma) was primary source of power of TuĊman’s political leadership in the founding phase of Croatian Democratic Union, and its impact was enhanced and weaken in the following phases, according to a given situation. Key words: Political leadership, Franjo TuĊman, Croatian Democratic Union, Charisma SADRŽAJ POPIS TABLICA I SLIKA .......................................................................................................... xiii POPIS KRATICA ........................................................................................................................ xiv 1. Uvod ............................................................................................................................................ 1 2. Teorijsko – metodološki okvir i istraţivaĉki problem ................................................................ 3 2.1. Politiĉko vodstvo: teorijski pristupi i koncept ...................................................................... 3 2.1.1. Ĉimbenici politiĉkog vodstva ......................................................................................... 9 2.1.2. Teorijski model istraţivanja politiĉkog vodstva Ingeborg Tömmel ............................. 12 2.1.3. Izvori moći Franje TuĊmana u hrvatskoj politici tijekom 90-tih godina 20. stoljeća... 14 2.2. Metodološki okvir istraţivanja izvora moći politiĉkog vodstva Franje TuĊmana .............. 17 2.2.1. Istraţivaĉki cilj i hipoteze ............................................................................................. 17 2.2.2. Dizajn istraţivanja ........................................................................................................ 18 2.2.3. Metode istraţivanja ....................................................................................................... 22 3. Izbor prvog predsjednika Hrvatske demokratske zajednice i usvajanje prvog stranaĉkog programa 1989. .............................................................................................................................. 26 3.1. Institucionalni
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