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photography. The book contains a very interesting account is one of the admirable Home University Library Series, we ’of the manufacture of celluloid, and its publication in the have an essay on the function of a newspaper, followed by English language will be welcomed by a wide technological an interesting account of the various processes involved in clientele, particularly as very little literature on the subject its production and distribution. This again is followed by exists in a collected form. The translator has done his task a discursive account of the principal newspapers in well, his considerable technical experience being, of course, London, the provinces, and the Empire, with some refer- of the greatest assistance to him in this matter. ence to the chief continental and American papers. The Our Village Homes, Present Conditions and Suggested story of THE LANCET is briefly but interestingly sketched Remedies. By HUGH ARONSON, M.A.Oxon., Barrister-at- on pp. 194-196. In the concluding chapter, on Journalism Law. Preface by Lord HENRY BENTINCK, M.P. London : and Journalists, many instances are given showing the Thomas Murby and Co. 1913. Pp. 142. Price 2s. 6d. influence that may be exercised upon the public mind net.-None will contradict the statement of Lord Henry by the attitude adopted by the journalist towards vital Bentinck, in his brief and temperate preface to Mr. Aronson’s problems.-Among these vital problems in which the little book, that the problem of rural housing is one to which newspaper press, if judiciously handled, can exercise much it is necessary that we should give immediate attention, or influence for good upon the people at large is that of race gainsay his description of the countryman as inarticulate improvement. Popular handbooks also are of service. In politically in comparison with the clamorous urban voter. In Edeccation and Race Regeneration (London, New York, the same sense as does Lord Henry Bentinck we would Toronto, and Melbourne: Cassell and Co., Limited. 1913. welcome Mr. Aronson’s work as a useful contribution to the Pp. 64. Price 6d. net), which is one of Cassell’s Race ’literature of a subject upon which probably the last word and Sex Booklets, Sir JOHN ELDON GoRST discusses the will not be said for many a day. Mr. Aronson paints in bringing up of children for parenthood, the rights of ’lurid tints the insanitary conditions of housing frequently children, the education of the Home Office, the education ’to be found in rural districts, drawing his picture from of the Local Government Board, and the education of ’personal observation. He discusses the causes which he the education authorities. He advocates proper instruction ’considers have led to the comparative inefficacy of modern in sexual knowledge. Though all will not agree in their legislation having for its object the better housing of entirety with the views expressed in the last three the country labourer. His suggested remedies for the sections, which necessarily have a semi-political aspect, difficulty presented by low wages which cannot economi- they may be advantageously pondered by all interested cally be made higher, and by rents which cannot economi- in the subject of education.-The proper performance cally be made lower, are apparently the assignment of a of domestic duties has a decided bearing upon the substantial slice of land with every cottage, and the well-being of the race, both mental and physical. For provision of common pasturage, combined with cooperative the person who knows little or nothing of the A. B. C. of disposal of produce. It is difficult to prophesy in what housekeeping, Practical Household Management, by M. A. direction the solution of the problem will ultimately take FAIRCLOUGH, L.C.A. (London: The Stanley Publishing us ; but it may be submitted, as some consolation, that the Company, Limited. 1912. Pp. 159. Price 2s. net), is a labourer, even in the country, has gained in the general very sensible, comprehensible, and thorough setting out conditions of his life more than the farmer or the landlord of everything-hygiene, servant and mistress, household by the developments of the past half century, and that linen, spring cleaning, laundry work, marketing, economy, there is no indication that modern progress has come to a food and cooking, domestic accounts, and so forth-that it standstill, although it still finds some obstacles very difficult is necessary to learn. The book also contains many hints to surmount. and recipes that will be of use to the more experienced, and concludes with a useful chapter by a lawyer on the National MISCELLANEOUS VOLUMES. Insurance Act as affecting mistresses and servants.- A. HETEROGENEOUS collection of books and pamphlets, Dry Cleaning and Garment Drying, with an Appendix on some of them having only an indirect medical interest, is Wet Cleaning, edited by C. F. TOWNSEND, F. C. S. (London: before us this week. The Power Laundry Company, Farringdon-street, E.C. We reviewed the first edition of Miss MARY E. BIRT’S Pp. 152. Price ls. net), is an elementary text-book on little pamphlet on Invalid and Convalescent Cookery, of the subject which should prove useful both to those directly which the second edition (Bristol: John Wright and Co. concerned and to all who wish to know something about the 1913. Pp. 32. Price 6d. net) is before us, at some length in process employed in dealing with garments when sent away THE LANCET of May 18th, 1907. While, as we then from home to be cleaned. stated, the book is admirable on the whole, a certain Guides and directories, of course, are of general interest. looseness of construction and an ambiguity of expression A guide to the municipal, commercial, and social life of the mar its value. We quoted three instances of this in City of London briefly describes the character of The City of our former review. Although our criticisms pointed to real London Year Book and Civic Directory for 1913 (London : defects, all remain unchanged, and there are others. W. H. and L. Collingridge. Pp. 382. Price 5s. net). It Voice Training for Choirs and Schools, by CYRIL BRADLEY contains lists of the members of the Corporation and the ROOTHAM, M.A., Mus.D. (Cambridge University Press. London County Council, with articles dealing with the year’s 1912. Pp. xlvi.-110. Price 4s. net), is an amplification work of these bodies ; lists of members of, and the history and of a paper read before the International Congress of activities of, the livery companies ; members of the Stock in It relates to the Musicians London (May, 1911). mainly ,, Exchange, Lloyds, and the Baltic ; lists of city schools; roll pædagogy of the vocal art rather than to its physiological ’I, of the freemen of the City, and so forth.-The School aspects, though these, of course, are necessarily touched on ’, Dentists’ Society, its Object and Aims (Watford : Michael more or less. The second part consists of the vocal and and Son. 1913. Pp. 116. Price ls. net), is now in its pianoforte score of exercises with a few pieces, including the second edition, and besides the names of the members old round " Sumer is icumen in," which is supposed to date of the society contains much interesting information from A.D. 1226. concerning school dentistry and its present condition in In The Newspaper (London : Williams and Norgate. the British Isles, the colonies, United States, and the Pp. 256. Price Is. net), by Mr. G. BINNEY DIBBLEE, which principal countries- of Europe. The School Dentists’ Society, 1463

which is affiliated with the Child Study Society and the peptic juice, or to reduced activity of the pancreatic the National League for Physical Education and Improve- ferments. These may lead to fatty diarrhoea or to excess of ment, has for its objects mutual assistance in the promotion proteins or of starch in the stools, undigested meat of school dentistry and the holding of meetings for the fibre being particularly characteristic. The same effects consideration of subjects connected with the special work of may also be due to over-feeding, and are, of course, school dentists. exaggerated when the bowel wall is damaged by bacterial toxins. Some light may be thrown upon the exact action by JOURNALS AND MAGAZINES. means of skiagraphy after bismuth feeding. This has shown The Journal of Laryngology, Rhinology, and Otology.-The that castor oil excites the small intestine to increased peri- May number contains an article by Dr. Raymond Verel on stalsis, that senna acts on the large intestine, colocynth on the Significance of Fever in Cases of Mastoiditis compli- the large and small bowel, and magnesium sulphate increases cating acute and chronic suppurative otitis media. The the amount of fluid in the large and small intestine, and so article is a report of an investigation to test the accuracy of stimulates peristalsis. 2. Hasmatogenous diarrhoea. Here the statement that mastoiditis of itself does not cause the belong the diarrhoea which follows a chill, producing intes- temperature to rise above 99° or 100° F. The investigation tinal catarrh, uraemic diarrhoea, and various occupation is based upon 125 cases operated upon in the ear and throat diarrhoeas, such as that due to mercury. There is also a department of the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, during the form due to anaphylaxis, cholera, typhoid, &c. 3. Nervous years 1910 and 1911. The cases of chronic otorrhcea which diarrhoea, following emotional upsets. The discussion underwent the complete operation because conservative of the treatment follows routine lines.-The article on treatment failed to cure the discharge were excluded, Constipation contains an appreciation of the value of since in them there was never any question of acute large enemata of warm olive oil, half a pint to a mastoiditis, nor was there any elevation of temperature pint, for spastic constipation.-A good general review before operation. The following conclusions are arrived of the Diagnosis of Diseases of the Stomach and Duodenum at: (1) In 96 of the 125 cases in which acute mastoid- contains nothing of importance which is not to be itis was associated with acute or chronic otitis found in the best English literature.-Schade discusses media the temperature was under 100° F. ; (2) of the the application of osmotic methods to the investigation of remaining 29 cases in which fever was present an intra- disease, and particularly in cases of renal insufficiency.- eranial complication was found in 22 cases, while in two Professor E. Meyer writes on Pseudo-leukasmia, in which he cases the temperature could be explained by the presence of includes Hodgkin’s disease, and classifies the various forms such conditions as septicæmia and pulmonary tuberculosis, thus : (1) Lymphatic Pseudo-leuksemia, presenting swellings in another two cases there was no mastoiditis ; (3) in only of all the lymph glands and of the spleen, without leukaemia ; three of the cases no condition other than the mastoiditis (2) Lymphosarcomatosis, in which a large malignant growth was found at operation to account for the fever. Thus appears, usually in the abdomen or thorax, and later forms mastoiditis of itself very rarely gives rise to a temperature metastases in the lymph glands elsewhere ; and (3) malignant of 1000 F. or over ; if a higher temperature be present an ranuloma (Sternberg’s disease), with granulation tissue intracranial complication or some general toxic condition occupying the lymph glands, at first localised but afterwards must be suspected.-The articles on Diffuse Cranial spreading to other gland groups. This is distinct from Osteomyelitis from Nasal Sinus Suppuration, by Dr. Dan tuberculosis and syphilis. McKenzie, which appeared in the January, February, and March numbers have been reprinted in pamphlet form. It is generally agreed amongst rhinologists that the frontal sinus is undoubtedly the more common site New Inventions. of origin of osteomyelitis, both localised and diffuse. Of the 38 valid cases collected by Schilling, Gerber, and AN IMPROVED URETHROSCOPE. Luc, 36 originated in the frontal sinus and two in the maxillary antrum. After adding to these the cases appended IN THE LANCET of July 21st, 1906, p. 169, I described a to Dr. Dan McKenzie’s paper there are 45 cases originating urethroscope the feature of which was the use of a con- in the frontal sinus and three in the antrum. Thedensing lens for concentrating the rays of light. The questions naturally arise, Why is frontal sinus suppurationintroduction of the three-filament lamp has necessitated a more prone to lead to osteomyelitis than is suppuration remodelling of the design, and an instrument has now been in the maxillary antrum ? And why does frontal sinus produced which gives a brilliant illumination, and when used suppuration lead to fatal osteomyelitis more frequently with air inflation of the urethra and an external telescope is than does maxillary antrum suppuration ? Schilling, by far the most satisfactory and least irritating method of and others, are inclined to suggest that the answers examining the anterior urethra. The light is thrown are to be found in the disposition of the diploe down the cannula in parallel rays, and dulness due of the frontal bone with relation to the sinus. Until to distance is to a great extent obviated. The tele- if used, must be focussed a trial use of the of this fatal disease is ascertained scope, during etiology every the urethroscope. The object of the operating attachment operation on the frontal sinus will be lacking that full is to allow applications and small operations to be performed and comfortable assurance which mastery of all the natural in the air-distended urethra under direct control of the eye. eventualities of the situation alone can confer. The rubber concertina-like mount, while allowing free move- from the and is ärztliche 1913. Munich: ment, prevents the air escaping urethra, Jahreskurse fæür Fortbildung. March, between the nozzle of the and the Lehmann. Price 18 marks annum.-The reviewed interposed urethroscope per subjects cannula. The intra-urethral probe is fixed into a female screw, in the present issue are diarrhoea and constipation, diseases which is fastened to the inner surface of the nozzle of the of the stomach, pseudo-leukæmia, myeloma, and spleno- urethroscope, a spare nozzle being used. The urethroscope thus becomes the handle of the the action of megaly, with some remarks also on gout, diabetes, and some probe. By physical processes.--Professor Fleiner divides the varieties closing the rubber mount the probe is projected beyond the distal end of the and or sinus can of Diarrhoea into the 1. cannula, any duct, lacuna, following groups: Dyspeptic be easily entered, owing to the flatness, smoothness, and diarrhoea due to such as relaxation of gastric causes, the fixity of the urethral wall. A mere trace of solid silver pylorus associated with deficiency of hydrochloric acid innitrate is melted on to the end of the probe. A little force