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Permian Ofp Akistan, in Scholle, Geology 了0 勿 Jin Yugan, B ruce R . W ardlaw, B rian F G lenister and G alina V K otlyar Perm ian chronostratigraphic subdivisions N am es and boundary levels for series and stages of the have been proposed subsequently (Stepanov, 1973; Furnish, 1973; P erm ian System , based on m arine successions, have W aterhouse, 1976: K ozur, 1977 ）．N one of these com posite schem es has gained overw helm ing acceptance, largely because they are com - been app roved 勿 the P erm ian Subcom m ission, IC S. posed of stages w ith reference areas distant from each other. This These are the C isuralian, G uadalupian, and L op ingian separation necessitates determ ination of stratigraphic superposition Series and their constituent stages standardized respec- of neighbouring stages based on the interpreted evolutionary succes- sion of regionally restricted am m onoid, brachiopod, and fusuli- tively in the U rals, Southw est U SA , and South C hina for naccan faunas, or on previously prem ature zonation ot conodonts. It the Low er, M iddle, and Upper P erm ian. has therefore becom e apparent that an integrated standard succession should be sim plified to com prise a m inimum num ber of reference areas. T he schem e consisting of C isuralian, G uadalupian, and L opingian Series and their constituent regional stages proposed by H isto ric rev iew W aterhouse (1982) is a sim plified integrated succession that w as accepted subsequently in a global tim e scale (H arland et al.. 1990). R ecent refinem ent of the zonation of Perm ian conodonts pro - T he Perm ian System w as proposed by M urchison in 1841 for sedi- vides an excellent biostrati graphic basis for precise boundary corre- m entologically diverse deposits in the U ral M ountains ot R ussia. lation of type sections for the three series. The succession A sselian, Equivalents had been recognised previously in western Europe as Sakm arian, and A rtinskian w as further docum ented as a potentially the D yas or other rock units, but could not be defined satisfactorily qualified international standard, in connection w ith the 1991 Interna- as a System because oft he paucity of fossil content. The classic Per- tional C ongress on the Perm ian System of the W orld (C huvashov m ian succession w as extended dow nw ard by K a印insky (1874) and and N airn, 1993) and the G uadalupian Series of N orth A m erica also subsequently by R uzhencev (1936), and becam e firm ly established w as form ally proposed there as a global standard (G lenister et al., through extensive tw entieth century investigations. D unbar (1940) 1992). M ore recently, the faunal successions of the L opingian Series provided an excellent review of class)fication and correlation of the in South C hina have been further docum ented (Jin et al., 1993; M ei U rals Perm ian, contributing to its w ide acceptance as the interna- et al., 1994b). W ith support from 'the updated zonation ot conodonts, tional standard (F igure 1). am m onoids, and fusulinaceans, an operational schem e incorporating Problem s arose becau s e t he depositional sequence in the U rals these three m ost prom ising reference successions w as proposed (Jin above the A rtinskian is dom inated by non-m arine sedim ents, and is et al., 1994a; 1994b) as a w orking tem plate for the Subcom m ission thus inadequate for definition of post-A rtinskian chronostratigraphic on Perm ian Stratigraphy (SPS). H ow ever, the C lu hsian/C athedralian subdivisions. H ow ever, post-A rtinskian chronostratigraphy can be Series in the proposed scheme m et with reservations, due to uncer- defined precisely in a num ber of paleoequatorial m arine sequences. tainty of correlation betw een Tethyan and N orth A m erican succes- G lenister and Furnish (1961) attem pted to provide an integrated sions. SP S m eetings early in 1996 suggested the com prom ise of schem e of m arine sequences w ith substitutions for the traditional retaining the nam e of the K ungurian Stage, but designating the body U pper Perm ian U rals standards, and various com posite schem es P ennian Subcom 丽面。钱 I卯6 ｛ G le n i s te r ＆ ．｝ F u m i s h, ” ” I │ │ │ │｝ │Jin et al., 1994 │ │ s crics S │ta ges ｝ B a│sal c ono d on t z on e ｛ F u rr i a l i, ’ ％ ‘ │ ｝ W a t e r h o u s e , 1 9 8 2 │ ’一│ “ “ 口 ‘ ， 1 9 9 0 │ │ ├──────┬─────────┬───────────────────────┤ │ │ │ │ │ 么 ．蓦 ││C h an目 stng ian ｛ │ │ ｝ │ 一 ， │ │ │ 一 ； │ │ 一│ ｝，│一～ 、 │一 │ 、 、 ‘ ’ │ ＜ 自 │ │ 一 C│larkina s ub ca n n o ta ｝ │ │ 一！ i │ C h w 堪 抽 i│np - 一 茗 │ C h a n│咖 u* an 一 │｝│雪 │ │ I │ │ 甘～ 叫 │ 9 ├─────────┼───────────────────────┤ 一 ： │ D z h u fi a n 一I 口 ├──────────────┤ │ ｝ ├───────┤ │ 匕 ├──────┤ 兮 │├────────┤ 芝 │ W u c│h iap ingian ｛ │ ｛ 层 │ │ 一 C h h j & ～ 一｝ │ │ L 、 │ ＿ │ 一 一│ │ │ “ │ 一F ││-D -z} l、 一 │ 比 │ │ │｝ C la r k m a p o s tb itle r i 一 叠 │ │ │ ├──────────────┤ │ ｝│ │ │ │ │ I(W u cb w f w - ) │ │ 山 │ │ │ ｝│兮 │ 人│ a k │sia n ｝ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 9 │C ap itan ian 一 ， n a│g o ndo lella p ostase。 一｛ │ │ 呈 │ u │， │ 一！ 9 ├──────────────┐ │、 ］‘ │ 一 ） │一 c│ a│pitan ian │ i 一 │ ap itan i！ 一 │ R. │ │ R │ ｝ 量 │ C a p i t a│ n i m │ I │ │ │ │ f│. │ │ │ │ │ │ I戈 ├─────────┼───────────────────────┤ W│ordim 一 ＊ n og o nd o le ll a│ ase}afa ｛ │通 ├─────────────────┤ W o rd ‘ 一 葺 ├──────────────┤ w o r d│ 二 │ 一 │├───────┤ W or dk an │ │ ├──────┤ ｛ │一 W││or d ia n│ │ │ 旦 ││ 一 ├────────┤ W │o rd ia n │ │ a . ├──┼─────────┼───────────────────────┤｝ ├─┬─────────────────┼──┼──────────────┴──┼───────┤│ ├──┼──────┼──┼────────┤ R o ad ian ｝ │ │ │ │ ｛│ │ │ R o a d i│ a n │ │ │ ｝ │ │ ├──────┤ ├────────┤ 口 ├─────────┼───────────────────────┤｛Jmogondololla nankingensts │ │ I 三 │ │ ├──┼──────────────┤ │ 一 │ ├───────┤ │ 一 U f i │m ia n │ │ │ │ │ │ 一 │ R │ o e 、 │ │ │ │ 一│ │ │ │ │ 9 │ 一 │、 os t reptognathodus pne}i- ｝ i │ B a ig e nd zh 。 一│ 芝 │ L e o n } d │ ‘ 一 │ │ 一 │ 一 │ 习│ ！ ││ ｝ │ 官 K│ungun‘ 一｝ M. ex cu lp tu s │ ｝ 着 │ I │ │ ． “ │ 一 │ │ │ 鑫 │｛｝ │K u b c r W d im│ an│ ！ │ │ │ 搜 │ │ 芝 │ 省 ├──────────────┤ │ │一 │ │ │ │ ，即 ，o r an │ ｝ │ │ │ ├─┴──┼──────┼──┼────────┤ │ │ ├──┼─────────┼───────────────────────┼──┼─┼─────────────────┤ │ │ 一 ： wf e│eseotgoognndaothleulsla w bhisifseei-th │ │ │ ｛ A k t as t i n ia n │｝一 │ │ · · ～ │ 一 │一 │ 一｛ │ │ ｛│ │ │ │ 八n im k ian │ A k t a s t m│ia n │ 」│ │ 一 │ ， │ │ │ │ │ 〕 一│ “ } kian 一│ │ │ │ 一 │ ！ 一 鬓 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 一│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Sakmari} ｝一‘ ， re pto g na th od us│ posfusus ！一 ｛ S 一 l 一 今 │ ├──────────────┤ S │t e r l i ta │ n ia k ia n 一 │ │ S a k │ m a n ‘ │││ 一 │ │ 一！│ ，│ a l u n │ u i a n │ │ │ ｛一 │ │ S │ a k n a n an│ │ │ │ │ I │ │ │ │ │ │ ｛ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Tastubian ｛ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ A ssehan 一 。 ，│ ＿ 。、 ＊ ，，一 A s s e l ia n ｝│ │ A s s e l i a n ｝ │ │ │ 、 一│ │ │ 一 │ │ │ ｛ │ │ ｛ 一 ├───────┤ │ │ ｝│ A s w h a n │ │ │ │ │ ├─────────┼───────────────────────┤ ├──────┤ │ │ │ │ ├────────┤ │ │ │ │ ├─┴─────────────────┼──┼──────────────┤ F igure I D evelopm ent of Perm ian chronostratigrap hic scales. This ch art is designed to show the succession of c hronostratigraphic units in selected sca les ra th er th an th e co rrela tion b etw een th em . M a rc h 1 9 9 7 I I SE R IE S │ST A G E S │ S E L E C T E D F O S SIL Z O N E S 汐 M a │ │ │ │ A m m o n o id s C o n o d │o n ts │F u su lin id s j己 ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├────────────┬──────────┬───────────┤ │ T riassic │Chiesbachian │ Op hicTras H i│ndeodusp arvus │ │，．．．│． 2 5 1 . 1 │ │ O to cera s │ │ │ │ ││ │ │ Z │昌 │ C h an g - P│se ud o d ro│bles │C lorkin o c ha ng x ing - │ P ala e晌 M ina s ine nsis │ 盆．．．． 土 3 石 │ │ 代 │-?f │ hsingian 尸│orabrolites － │ M .刀5 │ │ 翔．．．l │ │ │ 荟│口曰│ S│hevyrevites C .│ subcarinata │ ． ．．│．．．． ．│253.0 │ 国 │3 │ │了ran d “一尸h 招o n i招s │ │ ├────────────┤│ │ 国 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 目．．．．． │ │ │ │ │W 口C h 运． │ A ra xo ce ra s-K o ng lin g ites │C on en to lis │ N a n ling e lla sim p lex } │ 士 0 . 3 │ │ p娜 乡 叨 │A n d ersso n o ceras │C leven j │ C od o m砂 siella │ 1 2 6 4 . 1 │ │ │ │ │ R oa d oc era s- │C d uk o ue nsis │ kw a n9 sia n a │ │ │ ││ │ │ D ouhngocera } C │ posibilleri │ │ │ ││ │ │ │ 与 C│apitanian │n mo对阳3 Ji n a go n│dolell│a │ │Lepidolina │ F 心 u r e 2 A n in te g r│ate d │ O │ │ │ a lt u d a e n s is │ y a 加 rn a │ │ │ │ │ chronostratigraphic schem efor the 目 │ │ │ J . p o s ts e r r a la │ 而 种 e x o│d i│n a s h u m a r& │ P│ e r m i│an System . Th e stratigrap hic ranges offossils 己马cl │ ├──────┼────────────┼──────────┼───────────┤ W ││ o│r 山 m 甲 妇 │ 名e n oc e│ras J . a │ss e ra ta │肠 c or as c ti hc││wa la 咋 g e r月 a│n a │ │ │ ││ 土 2 ‘2 │ z on │ e s re fl e ct a g e n e ├────┤ra l v e rs│ion of resp ective series and stag es but are R o 浏 an │D e m a rez i阳s │认 n a油 昭 em is │尸ra es um a trin a │ │ m│ a i n│ l│ y d e t e r│m ined based on zonation S ta ch eo cerai │ │ no osch w ag efi│n o i│由 3 │ │ i n t h e │ir e p o n y │m ous regions.
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