An Abrupt Extinction in the Middle Permian (Capitanian) of the Boreal Realm (Spitsbergen) and Its Link to Anoxia and Acidification
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Geologic Time Scale Cards
PreCambrian SuperEon (4.6 BYA – 541 MYA) Hadean Eon (4.6 BYA - 4 BYA) Slide # 1 46 feet Earth Forms • Earth is formed from a mass of dust and gas that gravity pulled together. • The process causes a huge amount of radioactive decay and Earth is a boiling ball of lava. • At 4.5 BYA a protoplanet named Theia collides with Earth and a debris ring forms which later becomes our moon. • Earth cools and forms the layers – core, mantel, and outer crust. • Meteors bombard earth bringing frozen droplets of water that later become our oceans. • Volcanic activity continues and Earth’s earliest continental crust forms before 4.03 BYA. The Acasta gneiss is one of the oldest rocks on Earth dating 4.03 billion years.. PreCambrian SuperEon (4.6 BYA – 541 MYA) Archaean Eon (4 BYA – 2.5 BYA) Slide # 2 40 feet Primitive, Simple Life Forms • Earth’s crust cools and plate tectonics forms. • Ancient rock formations form from 4 to 2.5 BYA. • The Primordial soup theory suggests early minerals and compounds from meteors made the perfect recipe for primitive, simple life to form at the thermal vents of the ocean. • Single cell life formed the ocean and over time stromatolites, photosynthesizing colonial bacteria, formed in shallow water and released oxygen. • The oxygen attached to trace iron in the oceans and formed sedimentary layers of banded iron formations (BIFS) that are presently mined for iron ore. Banded iron formations from the late Archaean and early Proterozoic eons Stromatolite fossil image PreCambrian SuperEon (4.6 BYA – 541 MYA) Proterozoic Eon (2.5 BYA – 541 MYA) Slide # 3 25 feet Early life • Photosynthesizing life further establishes and releases oxygen throughout the ocean. -
The Capitanian (Permian) Kamura Cooling Event
Palaeoworld 16 (2007) 16–30 Research paper The Capitanian (Permian) Kamura cooling event: The beginning of the Paleozoic–Mesozoic transition Yukio Isozaki a,∗, Hodaka Kawahata b, Kayo Minoshima c a Department of Earth Science and Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan b Graduate School of Frontier Sciences and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Minamidai, Nakano, Tokyo 164-8639, Japan c Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, Tsukuba 305-8567, Japan Received 4 January 2007; received in revised form 12 May 2007; accepted 15 May 2007 Available online 25 May 2007 Abstract 13 The Capitanian (late Guadalupian) high positive plateau interval of carbonate carbon isotope ratio (␦ Ccarb) was recognized lately in a mid-Panthalassan paleo-atoll limestone in Japan as the Kamura event. This unique episode in the late-middle Permian indicates high productivity in the low-latitude superocean likely coupled with resultant global cooling. This event ended shortly before the Guadalupian–Lopingian (middle-late Permian) boundary (ca. 260 Ma); however, its onset time has not been ascertained previously. Through a further analysis of the Wordian (middle Guadalupian) to lower Capitanian interval in the same limestone at 13 Kamura in Kyushu, we have found that the ␦ Ccarb values started to rise over +4.5‰ and reached the maximum of +7.0‰ within the Yabeina (fusuline) Zone of the early-middle Capitanian. Thus the total duration of the Kamura event is estimated over 3–4 million years, given the whole Capitanian ranging for 5.4 million years. This 3–4 million years long unique cooling event occurred clearly after the Gondwana glaciation period (late Carboniferous to early Permian) in the middle of the long-term warming trend toward the Mesozoic. -
PERMIAN BASIN PROVINCE (044) by Mahlon M
PERMIAN BASIN PROVINCE (044) By Mahlon M. Ball INTRODUCTION The Permian Basin is one of the largest structural basins in North America. It encompasses a surface area in excess of 86,000 sq mi and includes all or parts of 52 counties located in West Texas and southeast New Mexico. Structurally, the Permian Basin is bounded on the south by the Marathon-Ouachita Fold Belt, on the west by the Diablo Platform and Pedernal Uplift, on the north by the Matador Arch, and on the east by the Eastern Shelf of the Permian (Midland) Basin and west flank of the Bend Arch. The basin is about 260 mi by 300 mi in area and is separated into eastern and western halves by a north-south trending Central Basin Platform. In cross section, the basin is an asymmetrical feature; the western half contains a thicker and more structurally deformed sequence of sedimentary rock. The Permian Basin has been characterized as a large structural depression formed as a result of downwarp in the Precambrian basement surface located at the southern margin of the North American craton. The basin was filled with Paleozoic and, to a much lesser extent, younger sediments. It acquired its present structural form by Early Permian time. The overall basin is divisible into several distinct structural and tectonic elements. They are the Central Basin Platform and the Ozona Arch, which separate the Delaware and Val Verde Basins on the south and west from the Midland Basin on the north and east, the Northwestern Shelf on the southern extremity of the Pedernal Uplift and Matador Arch, and the Eastern Shelf on the western periphery of the Bend Arch. -
Gemmologythe Journal of Volume 28 No.7 July 2003
^ GemmologyThe Journal of Volume 28 No.7 July 2003 The Gemmological Association and Gem Testing Laboratory of Great Britain ~ ~. ~ Gemmological Association , ~ '.~ , and Gem Testing Laboratory ~, :~ of Great Britain • 27 Greville Street, London ECIN 8TN Tel: +44 (0)20 7404 3334 Fax: +44 (0)20 7404 8843 e-mail: [email protected] Website: www.gem-a.info President: Professor A.T Collins Vice-Presidents: N. W. Deeks, A.E. Farn, RA Howie, D.G. Kent, RK. Mitchell Honorary Fellows: Chen Zhonghui, RA Howie, K. Nassau Honorary Life Members: H . Bank, D.J. Ca llaghan, E.A [obbins, H . Tillander Council of Management: T J. Davidson, RR Harding, I. Mercer, J. Monnickendam, M.J. 0'Donoghue, E. Stern, I. Thomson, Y.P. Watson Members' Council: A J. Allnutt, S. Burgoyne, P. Dwyer-Hickey, S.A Everitt, J. Greatwood, B. Jackson, L. Music, J.B. Nelson, P.J. Wates, CH. Winter Branch Chairmen: Midlands -G.M. Green, North West -D. M. Brady, Scottish - B. Jackson, South Eas t - CH. Winter, South West - RM. Slater Examiners: A J. Allnutt, M.5e., Ph.D., FGA, L. Bartlett, B.5e., M.Ph il., FGA, DGA, S. Coelho, BS e., FGA, DGA, Prof. AT Co llins, BSe., Ph.D, A.G. Good, FGA, DGA, J. Greatwood, FGA, S. Greatwood, FGA, DGA, G.M. Green, FGA, DGA, G.M. Howe, FGA, DGA, S. Hue Williams MA, FGA, DGA , B. Jackson, FGA, DGA, G.H. Jones, BSe., PhD., FGA, Li Li Ping, FGA, DGA, M.A Medniuk, FGA, DGA, M. Newton, BSe. , D.Phil., CJ.E. Oldershaw, BSe. (Hans), FGA, DGA, H.L. -
The Geologic Time Scale Is the Eon
Exploring Geologic Time Poster Illustrated Teacher's Guide #35-1145 Paper #35-1146 Laminated Background Geologic Time Scale Basics The history of the Earth covers a vast expanse of time, so scientists divide it into smaller sections that are associ- ated with particular events that have occurred in the past.The approximate time range of each time span is shown on the poster.The largest time span of the geologic time scale is the eon. It is an indefinitely long period of time that contains at least two eras. Geologic time is divided into two eons.The more ancient eon is called the Precambrian, and the more recent is the Phanerozoic. Each eon is subdivided into smaller spans called eras.The Precambrian eon is divided from most ancient into the Hadean era, Archean era, and Proterozoic era. See Figure 1. Precambrian Eon Proterozoic Era 2500 - 550 million years ago Archaean Era 3800 - 2500 million years ago Hadean Era 4600 - 3800 million years ago Figure 1. Eras of the Precambrian Eon Single-celled and simple multicelled organisms first developed during the Precambrian eon. There are many fos- sils from this time because the sea-dwelling creatures were trapped in sediments and preserved. The Phanerozoic eon is subdivided into three eras – the Paleozoic era, Mesozoic era, and Cenozoic era. An era is often divided into several smaller time spans called periods. For example, the Paleozoic era is divided into the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous,and Permian periods. Paleozoic Era Permian Period 300 - 250 million years ago Carboniferous Period 350 - 300 million years ago Devonian Period 400 - 350 million years ago Silurian Period 450 - 400 million years ago Ordovician Period 500 - 450 million years ago Cambrian Period 550 - 500 million years ago Figure 2. -
The Parallels Between the End-Permian Mass Extinction And
Drawing Connections: The Parallels Between the End-Permian Mass Extinction and Current Climate Change An undergraduate of East Tennessee State University explains that humans’ current effects on the biosphere are disturbingly similar to the circumstances that caused the worst mass extinction in biologic history. By: Amber Rookstool 6 December 2016 About the Author: Amber Rookstool is an undergraduate student at East Tennessee State University. She is currently an English major and dreams of becoming an author and high school English Teacher. She hopes to publish her first book by the time she is 26 years old. Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................1 Brief Geologic Timeline ...........................................................................................................2 The Anthropocene ......................................................................................................................3 Biodiversity Crisis ....................................................................................................................3 Habitat Loss .........................................................................................................................3 Invasive Species ..................................................................................................................4 Overexploitation ...................................................................................................................4 -
Guadalupian, Middle Permian) Mass Extinction in NW Pangea (Borup Fiord, Arctic Canada): a Global Crisis Driven by Volcanism and Anoxia
The Capitanian (Guadalupian, Middle Permian) mass extinction in NW Pangea (Borup Fiord, Arctic Canada): A global crisis driven by volcanism and anoxia David P.G. Bond1†, Paul B. Wignall2, and Stephen E. Grasby3,4 1Department of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK 2School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK 3Geological Survey of Canada, 3303 33rd Street N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2L 2A7, Canada 4Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada ABSTRACT ing gun of eruptions in the distant Emeishan 2009; Wignall et al., 2009a, 2009b; Bond et al., large igneous province, which drove high- 2010a, 2010b), making this a mid-Capitanian Until recently, the biotic crisis that oc- latitude anoxia via global warming. Although crisis of short duration, fulfilling the second cri- curred within the Capitanian Stage (Middle the global Capitanian extinction might have terion. Several other marine groups were badly Permian, ca. 262 Ma) was known only from had different regional mechanisms, like the affected in equatorial eastern Tethys Ocean, in- equatorial (Tethyan) latitudes, and its global more famous extinction at the end of the cluding corals, bryozoans, and giant alatocon- extent was poorly resolved. The discovery of Permian, each had its roots in large igneous chid bivalves (e.g., Wang and Sugiyama, 2000; a Boreal Capitanian crisis in Spitsbergen, province volcanism. Weidlich, 2002; Bond et al., 2010a; Chen et al., with losses of similar magnitude to those in 2018). In contrast, pelagic elements of the fauna low latitudes, indicated that the event was INTRODUCTION (ammonoids and conodonts) suffered a later, geographically widespread, but further non- ecologically distinct, extinction crisis in the ear- Tethyan records are needed to confirm this as The Capitanian (Guadalupian Series, Middle liest Lopingian (Huang et al., 2019). -
Q05-03 Report
Missed pay analysis well Q05-03 (P045) March 2016 Missed pay analysis well Q05-03 (P045) Authors Kirsten Brautigam Reviewed by Coen Leo Prepared by PanTerra Geoconsultants B.V. Weversbaan 1-3 2352 BZ Leiderdorp The Netherlands T +31 (0)71 581 35 05 F +31 (0)71 301 08 02 [email protected] This report contains analysis opinions or interpretations which are based on observations and materials supplied by the client to whom, and for whose exclusive and confidential use, this report is made. The interpretations or opinions expressed represent the best judgement of PanTerra Geoconsultants B.V. (all errors and omissions excepted). PanTerra Geoconsultants B.V. and its officers and employees, assume no responsibility and make no warranty or representations, as to the productivity, proper operations, or profitableness of any oil, gas, water or other mineral well or sand in connection which such report is used or relied upon. PanTerra Geoconsultants B.V. ● Missed Pay Q05-03 (0P45) ● Page 2 of 12 Contents Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 4 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 4 2 Available data ........................................................................................................................ 4 3 Nearby hydrocarbon fields .................................................................................................. -
Sequence Biostratigraphy of Carboniferous-Permian Boundary
Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2019-07-01 Sequence Biostratigraphy of Carboniferous-Permian Boundary Strata in Western Utah: Deciphering Eustatic and Tectonic Controls on Sedimentation in the Antler-Sonoma Distal Foreland Basin Joshua Kerst Meibos Brigham Young University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Meibos, Joshua Kerst, "Sequence Biostratigraphy of Carboniferous-Permian Boundary Strata in Western Utah: Deciphering Eustatic and Tectonic Controls on Sedimentation in the Antler-Sonoma Distal Foreland Basin" (2019). Theses and Dissertations. 7583. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7583 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Sequence Biostratigraphy of Carboniferous-Permian Boundary Strata in Western Utah: Deciphering Eustatic and Tectonic Controls on Sedimentation in the Antler-Sonoma Distal Foreland Basin Joshua Kerst Meibos A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Scott M. Ritter, Chair Brooks B. Britt Sam Hudson Department of Geological Sciences Brigham Young University Copyright © 2019 Joshua Kerst Meibos All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Sequence Biostratigraphy of Carboniferous-Permian Boundary Strata in Western Utah: Deciphering Eustatic and Tectonic Controls on Sedimentation in the Antler-Sonoma Distal Foreland Basin Joshua Kerst Meibos Department of Geological Sciences, BYU Master of Science The stratal architecture of the upper Ely Limestone and Mormon Gap Formation (Pennsylvanian-early Permian) in western Utah reflects the interaction of icehouse sea-level change and tectonic activity in the distal Antler-Sonoma foreland basin. -
A Fundamental Precambrian–Phanerozoic Shift in Earth's Glacial
Tectonophysics 375 (2003) 353–385 www.elsevier.com/locate/tecto A fundamental Precambrian–Phanerozoic shift in earth’s glacial style? D.A.D. Evans* Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208109, 210 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA Received 24 May 2002; received in revised form 25 March 2003; accepted 5 June 2003 Abstract It has recently been found that Neoproterozoic glaciogenic sediments were deposited mainly at low paleolatitudes, in marked qualitative contrast to their Pleistocene counterparts. Several competing models vie for explanation of this unusual paleoclimatic record, most notably the high-obliquity hypothesis and varying degrees of the snowball Earth scenario. The present study quantitatively compiles the global distributions of Miocene–Pleistocene glaciogenic deposits and paleomagnetically derived paleolatitudes for Late Devonian–Permian, Ordovician–Silurian, Neoproterozoic, and Paleoproterozoic glaciogenic rocks. Whereas high depositional latitudes dominate all Phanerozoic ice ages, exclusively low paleolatitudes characterize both of the major Precambrian glacial epochs. Transition between these modes occurred within a 100-My interval, precisely coeval with the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian ‘‘explosion’’ of metazoan diversity. Glaciation is much more common since 750 Ma than in the preceding sedimentary record, an observation that cannot be ascribed merely to preservation. These patterns suggest an overall cooling of Earth’s longterm climate, superimposed by developing regulatory feedbacks -
THE PERMIAN-TRIASSIC SUPERNOVA IMPACT. C. H. Detre1, I
62nd Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting 5033.pdf THE PERMIAN-TRIASSIC SUPERNOVA IMPACT. C. H. Detre1, I. Tóth2, G. Don1, Á. Z. Kiss3, I. Uzonyi3, P. Bodó4, and Z. Schléder4, 1Geological Institute of Hungary, Stefánia út 14, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary, 2Konkoly Observatory, P.O. Box 67, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary, 3Institute for Nuclear Research, ATOMKI, P.O. Box 51, H- 4001 Debrecen, Hungary, 4Eötvös L. University, Department of Petrology and Geochemistry, Múzeum krt 4/a, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary. The end of the Permian has been one of the most tran- productive biomass of the recent time. From the outset quil epochs of the Earth’s history; from that time no of the Triassic the formation of carbonate rocks is on a powerful orogenic movements, no volcanism of con- leap-like increase : the rate of their Post-Triassic ac- siderable importance - save the effusion of the Siberian cumulation is approximately by an order of magnitude plateau-basalts - are known and also there are no higher as it has been before. It seems to be a satisfac- traces of the impact of some bigger celestial body like tory explanation for this development, that the amount a great meteorite, a core of a comet or some micro- of C consumed earlier by living organisms accumu- planet. The Permian-Triassic boundary as it is under- lated henceforth in the lithosphere. stood in traditional sense was the time of the renais- The spherules of interstellar origin, which can be sance of organic life. The crisis lasted approximately found in the Late Permian deposits provide a rather 20 million years during the Late Permian. -
Permophiles Issue
Table of Contents Notes from the SPS Secretary 1 Lucia Angiolini Notes from the SPS Chair 2 Shuzhong Shen Officers and Voting Members since August, 2012 2 Report on the First International Congress on Continental Ichnology [ICCI-2015], El Jadida, Morocco, 21-25 April, 2015 4 Hafid Saber Report on the 7th International Brachiopod Congress, May 22-25, 2015 Nanjing, China 8 Lucia Angiolini Progress report on correlation of nonmarine and marine Lower Permian strata, New Mexico, USA 10 Spencer G. Lucas, Karl Krainer, Daniel Vachard, Sebastian Voigt, William A. DiMichele, David S. Berman, Amy C. Henrici, Joerg W. Schneider, James E. Barrick Range of morphology in monolete spores from the uppermost Permian Umm Irna Formation of Jordan 17 Michael H. Stephenson Palynostratigraphy of the Permian Faraghan Formation in the Zagros Basin, Southern Iran: preliminary studies 20 Amalia Spina, Mohammad R. Aria-Nasab , Simonetta Cirilli, Michael H. Stephenson Towards a redefinition of the lower boundary of the Protochirotherium biochron 22 Fabio Massimo Petti, Massimo Bernardi, Hendrik Klein Preliminary report of new conodont records from the Permian-Triassic boundary section at Guryul ravine, Kashmir, India 24 Michael E. Brookfield, Yadong Sun The paradox of the end Permian global oceanic anoxia 26 Claudio Garbelli, Lucia Angiolini, Uwe Brand, Shuzhong Shen, Flavio Jadoul, Karem Azmy, Renato Posenato, Changqun Cao Late Carboniferous-Permian-Early Triassic Nonmarine-Marine Correlation: Call for global cooperation 28 Joerg W. Schneider, Spencer G. Lucas Example for the description of basins in the CPT Nonmarine-Marine Correlation Chart Thuringian Forest Basin, East Germany 28 Joerg W. Schneider, Ralf Werneburg, Ronny Rößler, Sebastian Voigt, Frank Scholze ANNOUNCEMENTS 36 SUBMISSION GUIDELINES FOR ISSUE 62 39 Photo 1:The Changhsingian Gyaniyma Formation (Unit 8, bedded and Unit 9, massive, light) at the Gyaniyma section, SW Tibet.