DOCSLIB.ORG

University of California San Diego

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
University of California San Diego UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO Second Sight in Early Modern Scotland A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Jillian A. Bolin Committee in charge: Professor Nancy Caciola, Co-Chair Professor Ulrike Strasser, Co-Chair Professor Stefania Tutino Professor Daniel Vitkus Professor Edward Watts 2020 Copyright Jillian A. Bolin, 2020 All rights reserved. The dissertation of Jillian A. Bolin is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Co-Chair __________________________________________________________________ Co-Chair University of California San Diego 2020 iii DEDICATION For my mother, the storyteller. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page ....................................................................................................................... iii Dedication .............................................................................................................................. iv Table of Contents ................................................................................................................... v List of Abbreviations .............................................................................................................. viii Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................ ix Vita ......................................................................................................................................... xi Abstract of the Dissertation .................................................................................................... xii Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 I: Argument ............................................................................................................................ 3 II: Early Modern Sources and Evidence ................................................................................ 7 III: Historiography: Second Sight .......................................................................................... 20 Early Examinations by Folklorists ............................................................................. 22 Modern Scholarship ................................................................................................... 24 Scholarship since 2000 .............................................................................................. 27 IV: Historiographical Debates and Interventions ................................................................... 31 V: Methodology ..................................................................................................................... 35 VI: Organization of the Dissertation ...................................................................................... 37 Chapter 1: Foundations of Second Sight Belief ..................................................................... 39 I: Scholarly Definitions: Debating the Term “Second Sight” ................................................ 43 Contested Terms: “First,” “Second,” and “Sight” ...................................................... 44 Knowledge at a Distance ............................................................................................ 46 Death Prognostication ................................................................................................ 48 Seeing Spirits ............................................................................................................. 51 Voluntary or Involuntary? .......................................................................................... 53 A Modern Analogy ..................................................................................................... 55 II: Early Modern Definitions of Second Sight ....................................................................... 58 Death Prognostication ................................................................................................ 59 Knowledge of the Future ........................................................................................... 63 Remote Viewing ......................................................................................................... 66 Hidden Knowledge .................................................................................................... 67 Seeing Spirits ............................................................................................................. 70 Senses Other than Sight ............................................................................................. 72 III: The Experiential Dimension of Second Sight .................................................................. 77 v Consciousness in Early Modern Europe ..................................................................... 79 IV: Trance .............................................................................................................................. 85 Trance Technique ....................................................................................................... 87 V: Autoscopy ......................................................................................................................... 95 VI: Shamanism ...................................................................................................................... 100 Chapter 2: Spirits and the Supernatural in Early Modern Scotland ...................................... 120 I: The Spiritual Landscape ..................................................................................................... 123 II: Fairies ............................................................................................................................... 124 Brownies .................................................................................................................... 131 Fairies and Magical Eye Ointment ............................................................................ 134 Fairies and Disability ................................................................................................. 138 Fairies and Bards ....................................................................................................... 147 III: Angels .............................................................................................................................. 150 IV: Demons ............................................................................................................................ 158 V: Ghosts ............................................................................................................................... 163 VI: Death Portents ................................................................................................................. 168 VII: Wraiths ........................................................................................................................... 172 VIII: Subtle Bodies ................................................................................................................ 178 Doubles ...................................................................................................................... 179 Spectral Funeral Processions ..................................................................................... 181 Predictions of Visitors ............................................................................................... 185 Predicting Pairings and Love Divination .................................................................. 186 Spectral Oppression ................................................................................................... 190 The Church Porch Watch ........................................................................................... 193 Chapter 3: The Demonization of Second Sight ..................................................................... 200 I: Historiography: Second Sight, Witchcraft, and Fairy Belief ............................................. 204 II: Demonization in Second Sight Theory ............................................................................. 209 Not Virtuous, but Vicious .......................................................................................... 210 Christianity and “Curing” Second Sight ................................................................... 212 Secret Societies and Diabolism ................................................................................. 219 III: Second Sight, Demonology, and Witchcraft ................................................................... 227 Legislation and Demonology .................................................................................... 228 Patterns of Scottish Witch-Hunting ........................................................................... 240 Second Sight and Practitioners of Popular Magic ..................................................... 248 People with Disabilities and their Consulters ............................................................ 268 An Ominous Prediction versus a Threat ...................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cloud of Witnesses
    1 CLOUD OF WITNESSES FOR THE ROYAL PREROGATIVES OF JESUS CHRIST BEING THE LAST SPEECHES AND TESTIMONIES OF THOSE WHO HAVE SUFFERED FOR THE TRUTH IN SCOTLAND. SINCE THE YEAR 1680. In het Engels beschreven door N.N. With historical and explanatory notes by John H. Thomson, 1871 STICHTING DE GIHONBRON MIDDELBURG 2007 2 Conclusions of the General Meeting at Crawfordjohn, April 21, 1697. "That a true and exact account of all the persecutors within the several quarters; of the remarkable judgments and deaths, or what hath befallen to their families or estates; be made up and brought to the next general meeting.” CRAWFORDJOHN, April 5, 1699. "That all the respective Societies send an index of all the late martyrs' testimonies, not in 'Naphtali,' to the next general meeting.” CRAWFORDJOHN, Oct. 29, 1701. "First concluded, that all the correspondences provide and make ready stones as signs of honor to be set upon the graves of our late martyrs has soon as possible; and all the names of the foresaid martyrs, with their speeches and testimonies, and by whom they were martyred or killed in house or fields, country or city, as far as possible to be brought to the next general meeting, in order for the epitaphs; and likewise an account of those martyrs' carriage and behavior in the time of their martyrdom.” "Secondly concluded, a review of the former conclusions concerning the remarkable judgments of the persecutors, and the diligence of the correspondences and Societies to be diligently brought to the next general meeting.” CRAWFORDJOHN, Oct. 21, 1710. "That an index of all the martyrs' testimonies that are not in 'Naphtali,' who were martyred in Scotland, be had from all quarters against the next general meeting; likewise an account of all the martyrs' names that suffered in this kingdom.” CRAWFORDJOHN, February 23, 1711 "The martyrs' testimonies were given into Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Spirit in the Liturgy by 2020, It Is Estimated That 41 Million of All U.S
    NATIONAL ASSOCIATION of PASTORAL MUSICIANS PASTORAL March 2011 Music The Spirit in the Liturgy By 2020, it is estimated that 41 million of all U.S. Catholics will be Hispanic. 41million Are you ready to serve the worship needs of the fastest-growing segment in the Church? Join over two-thirds of the U.S. Catholic churches who turn to OCP for missals and hymnals to engage, unite and inspire their assembly in worship. 1-800-LITURGY (548-8749) | OCP.ORG NPM-January 2011:Layout 1 11/18/10 1:29 PM Page 1 Peter’s Way Tours Inc. Specializing in Custom Performance Tours and Pilgrimages Travel with the leader, as choirs have done for more than 25 years! This could be Preview a Choir Tour! ROME, ASSISI, VATICAN CITY your choir in Rome! Roman Polyphony JANUARY 19 - 26, 2012 • $795 (plus tax) HOLY LAND - Songs of Scriptures JANUARY 26-FEBRUARY 4, 2012 • $1,095 (plus tax) IRELAND - Land of Saints and Scholars FEBRUARY 14 - 20, 2012 • $995/$550* (plus tax) Continuing Education Programs for Music Directors Enjoy these specially designed programs at substantially reduced rates. Refundable from New York when you return with your own choir! *Special Price by invitation to directors bringing their choir within two years. 500 North Broadway • Suite 221 • Jericho, NY 11753 New York Office: 1-800-225-7662 Special dinner with our American and Peter’s Way Tours Inc. ERuerqopueeasnt Pau berio Ccahnutorere:s A gnronueptste a@llopweitnegr sfowr aysales.com Visit us at: www.petersway.com or call Midwest Office: 1-800-443-6018 positions have a responsibility to learn as much as we can about the new translation before we begin leading others to sing and pray with these new words.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mysteries of Baptism and Chrismation
    The Mysteries of Baptism and Chrismation 1 THE OFFICE FOR RECEIVING THOSE COMING TO THE ORTHODOX CHURCH FROM THE ANGLICAN CONFESSION The Priest shall stand at the doors of the church in epitrachelion and phelonion. And he questions the one converting to the Orthodox faith, saying: Priest: Do you wish to renounce the transgressions and errors of the Anglican Confession? Convert: I do. Priest: Do you wish to enter into union with the Orthodox-Catholic Faith? Convert: I do. Then the Priest blesses him (her), making the sign of the Cross with his right hand, saying: In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen. And laying his hand upon the bowed head of the convert, he recites the following prayer: Deacon: Let us pray to the Lord. Choir: Lord, have mercy. Priest: O Lord, God of truth, look down upon Thy servant (handmaiden), N., who seeks to make haste unto Thy Holy Orthodox Church, and to take refuge under her shelter. Turn him (her) from his (her) former error to the path of true faith in Thee, and grant him (her) to walk in all Thy commandments. Let Thine eyes ever look down upon him (her) with mercy, and let Thine ears hearken unto the voice of his (her) supplication, that he (she) may be numbered with Thine elect flock. For all the Powers of Heaven hymn Thee, and Thine is the glory: of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages.
    [Show full text]
  • Reading History in Early Modern England
    READING HISTORY IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND D. R. WOOLF published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK www.cup.cam.ac.uk 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011–4211, USA www.cup.org 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia Ruiz de Alarco´n 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain © Cambridge University Press 2000 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2000 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeset in Sabon 10/12pt [vn] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Woolf, D. R. (Daniel R.) Reading History in early modern England / by D. R. Woolf. p. cm. (Cambridge studies in early modern British history) ISBN 0 521 78046 2 (hardback) 1. Great Britain – Historiography. 2. Great Britain – History – Tudors, 1485–1603 – Historiography. 3. Great Britain – History – Stuarts, 1603–1714 – Historiography. 4. Historiography – Great Britain – History – 16th century. 5. Historiography – Great Britain – History – 17th century. 6. Books and reading – England – History – 16th century. 7. Books and reading – England – History – 17th century. 8. History publishing – Great Britain – History. I. Title. II. Series. DA1.W665 2000 941'.007'2 – dc21 00-023593 ISBN 0 521 78046 2 hardback CONTENTS List of illustrations page vii Preface xi List of abbreviations and note on the text xv Introduction 1 1 The death of the chronicle 11 2 The contexts and purposes of history reading 79 3 The ownership of historical works 132 4 Borrowing and lending 168 5 Clio unbound and bound 203 6 Marketing history 255 7 Conclusion 318 Appendix A A bookseller’s inventory in history books, ca.
    [Show full text]
  • Cycle B Lectionary
    FIRST SUNDAY OF ADVENT First Reading: Isaiah 63:16-17, 64:1-8 A reading from the book of the prophet Isaiah. You, YHWH , are our mother and father; “Our Redeemer Forever” is your name. YHWH , why do you let us wander from your ways and let our hearts grow too hard to revere you? Return to us for the sake of your children, the tribes of your heritage! Oh, that you would rend the heavens and come down, that the mountains would shake before you! As fire kindles the brushwood and the fire makes water boil, make your Name known to your adversaries, and let the nations tremble before you! When you did awesome things that we could not have expected, you came down, and the mountains quaked in your presence! From ages past no ear has ever heard, no eye ever seen any God but you intervening for those who wait for you! Oh, that you would find us doing right, that we would be mindful of you in our ways! You are angry because we are sinful; we sinned for so long — how can we be saved? All of us became unclean and soiled, even our good deeds are polluted. We have all withered like leaves, and our guilt carries us away like the wind. No one calls upon your Name, there are none who cling to you, for you hid your face from us and delivered us into the hands of our sins. Yet, you are our mother and father, YHWH ; we are the clay and you are the potter, we are all the work of your hands.
    [Show full text]
  • Counterculture Brian Rande Daykin University of Maine - Main
    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library 2001 Counterculture Brian Rande Daykin University of Maine - Main Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Daykin, Brian Rande, "Counterculture" (2001). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 46. http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/46 This Open-Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. COUNTERCULTURE BY Brian Rande Daykin B.A. University of Michigan, 1995 ATHESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (in English) The Graduate School The University of Maine May, 2001 Advisory Committee: Elaine Ford, Professor of English, Advisor Welch Everman, Professor of English Naomi Jacobs, Professor of English 0 2001 Rande Daykin All Rights Reserved COUNTERCULTURE By Rande Daykin Thesis Advisor: Elaine Ford An Abstract of the Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (in English) May, 2001 Counterculture is a creative thesis written to earn the degree of Master of Arts at the University of Maine in spring of 2001. The short novel tells the story of Cannister Barnes, a young man who goes to England in the late summer for study and briefly catches a glimpse of a young woman while he’s lost in the winding streets and paths of Eton. His trip is also marred by a dreadful experience in the London Underground, in which he sees an indigent man in a wheelchair roll himself into the path of an oncoming train.
    [Show full text]
  • A Stylistic Approach to the God of Small Things Written by Arundhati Roy
    Lingnan University Digital Commons @ Lingnan University Theses & Dissertations Department of English 2007 A stylistic approach to the God of Small Things written by Arundhati Roy Wing Yi, Monica CHAN Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.ln.edu.hk/eng_etd Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Chan, W. Y. M. (2007). A stylistic approach to the God of Small Things written by Arundhati Roy (Master's thesis, Lingnan University, Hong Kong). Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.14793/eng_etd.2 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of English at Digital Commons @ Lingnan University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Lingnan University. Terms of Use The copyright of this thesis is owned by its author. Any reproduction, adaptation, distribution or dissemination of this thesis without express authorization is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved. A STYLISTIC APPROACH TO THE GOD OF SMALL THINGS WRITTEN BY ARUNDHATI ROY CHAN WING YI MONICA MPHIL LINGNAN UNIVERSITY 2007 A STYLISTIC APPROACH TO THE GOD OF SMALL THINGS WRITTEN BY ARUNDHATI ROY by CHAN Wing Yi Monica A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Philosophy in English Lingnan University 2007 ABSTRACT A Stylistic Approach to The God of Small Things written by Arundhati Roy by CHAN Wing Yi Monica Master of Philosophy This thesis presents a creative-analytical hybrid production in relation to the stylistic distinctiveness in The God of Small Things, the debut novel of Arundhati Roy.
    [Show full text]
  • Explorations the Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities for the State of North Carolina
    Volume VI, 2011 Explorations The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities for the State of North Carolina www.uncw.edu/csurf/explorations.html [email protected] Center for the Support of Undergraduate Research and Fellowships UNCW Honors College Randall Library University of North Carolina Wilmington Wilmington, NC 28403 copyright © 2011 University of North Carolina Wilmington Cover photographs: “Smoky Mountain Sunset” © Frank Kehren “Sunset Poplar” © BlueRidgeKitties “Outer Banks” © Patrick McKay ISBN: 978-0-9845922-7-2 Original Design by The Publishing Laboratory Department of Creative Writing 601 South College Road Wilmington, North Carolina 28403 www.uncw.edu/writers Dedication George Timothy Barthalmus (October 27, 1942- May 12, 2011) We lost our good friend George last spring. He was the inspiration behind Explorations and the State of North Carolina Undergraduate Research and Creativity Symposium, SNCURCS. George was known for his outreach to and support of student researchers- indeed, we feel he was the champion for undergraduate research in our state. We miss his infectious smile and bright, engaging eyes, his energy and excitement. Our hearts go out to his family, and we are glad for the time we shared with him. Volume VI of Explorations is dedicated to the memory of George Barthalmus. Photo courtesy of http://www.ncsu.edu/faculty-and-staff/bulletin/2011/05/students-colleagues- remember-barthalmus/ Staff Editor-in-Chief Katherine E. Bruce, PhD Director, Honors College and Center for the Support of Undergraduate
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogue 147: Science Fiction
    And God said: DELETE lines One to Aleph. LOAD. RUN. And the Universe ceased to exist. Then he pondered for a few aeons, sighed, and added: ERASE. It never had existed. For David Catalogue 147: Science Fiction Bromer Booksellers 607 Boylston Street, at Copley Square Boston, MA 02116 P: 617-247-2818 F: 617-247-2975 E: [email protected] Visit our website at www.bromer.com n the Introduction to Catalogue 123, which contained the bulk of a In his fifty years as a bookman, David naturally recognized the signifi- science fiction collection he had assembled, David Bromer noted cance of the early rarities, the books that laid the groundwork for the that “science fiction is a robust genre of literature, not allowing authors of the modern era. He was pleased to discover, when cata- one to ever complete a collection.” The progressive nature of sci- loguing Cyrano de Bergerac’s The Comical History of the States and enceI and the social fabric that it impacts means that the genre itself Empires of the Worlds of the Moon and the Sun, that its author de- has to be fluid, never quite getting pinned down like a specimen under scribed a personal music player–anticipating in the year 1687 the cre- glass. ation of the Walkman and iPod three centuries later. In this regard, it is entirely fitting that David has been drawn to science Ultimately, science fiction primed the human imagination to accom- fiction as a reader, and as a collector. He is a scientist by training, hav- plish what is perhaps its greatest achievement: the exploration of ing earned a PhD in Metallurgy from MIT and worked in research fields space and the mission to the moon in 1969.
    [Show full text]
  • Good Chemistry James J
    Columbia College Fall 2012 TODAY Good Chemistry James J. Valentini Transitions from Longtime Professor to Dean of the College your Contents columbia connection. COVER STORY FEATURES The perfect midtown location: 40 The Home • Network with Columbia alumni Front • Attend exciting events and programs Ai-jen Poo ’96 gives domes- • Dine with a client tic workers a voice. • Conduct business meetings BY NATHALIE ALONSO ’08 • Take advantage of overnight rooms and so much more. 28 Stand and Deliver Joel Klein ’67’s extraordi- nary career as an attorney, educator and reformer. BY CHRIS BURRELL 18 Good Chemistry James J. Valentini transitions from longtime professor of chemistry to Dean of the College. Meet him in this Q&A with CCT Editor Alex Sachare ’71. 34 The Open Mind of Richard Heffner ’46 APPLY FOR The venerable PBS host MEMBERSHIP TODAY! provides a forum for guests 15 WEST 43 STREET to examine, question and NEW YORK, NY 10036 disagree. TEL: 212.719.0380 BY THOMAS VIncIGUERRA ’85, in residence at The Princeton Club ’86J, ’90 GSAS of New York www.columbiaclub.org COVER: LESLIE JEAN-BART ’76, ’77J; BACK COVER: COLIN SULLIVAN ’11 WITHIN THE FAMILY DEPARTMENTS ALUMNI NEWS Déjà Vu All Over Again or 49 Message from the CCAA President The Start of Something New? Kyra Tirana Barry ’87 on the successful inaugural summer of alumni- ete Mangurian is the 10th head football coach since there, the methods to achieve that goal. The goal will happen if sponsored internships. I came to Columbia as a freshman in 1967. (Yes, we you do the other things along the way.” were “freshmen” then, not “first-years,” and we even Still, there’s no substitute for the goal, what Mangurian calls 50 Bookshelf wore beanies during Orientation — but that’s a story the “W word.” for another time.) Since then, Columbia has compiled “The bottom line is winning,” he said.
    [Show full text]
  • Reenchanting Catholic Literature
    Trying to Say ‘God’: Reenchanting Catholic Literature Welcome writers, artists, and lovers of literature to the 2017 “Trying to Say ‘God’ Literary Gathering”. We’ve added “2017” to the title because we plan to convene this gathering biennially as a way of featuring the art and writing of established, emerging, and aspiring artists of faith. The 2019 event will take place at St. Michael’s College of the University of Toronto, and will return to Notre Dame in 2021. We are delighted to welcome over 200 guests to this first gathering. If anyone suggests that there are no excellent Catholic writers today, just show them the variety of sessions at this gathering and the varied backgrounds of our many presenters. They’ll find that Catholic literature is healthy and vigorous, with a promising future. Thank you for joining us! Planning and Organizing Committee: Kenneth Garcia, University of Notre Dame Dave Griffith, Interlochen Center for the Arts Jessica Mesman Griffith, Sick Pilgrim Sam Rocha, University of British Columbia Jonathan Ryan, Sick Pilgrim Trying to Say God Introduction In a time when traditional religion is viewed as suspect, passé, or offensive, many authors and artists are uncomfortable talking about their personal religion or spirituality, while others grope for new ways to say “God.” They attempt to articulate an amorphous truth in an “elsewhere beyond language,” in the words of Fanny Howe, but use language to explore their way toward it. The Institute for Scholarship in the Liberal Arts at the University of Notre Dame—together with Sick Pilgrim, Patheos, Image Journal, and St.
    [Show full text]
  • 1661-1700 (Pdf)
    1 Scottish Books 1661-1700 (Aldis updated) 1661 1682 Academiæ Edinburgenæ gratulatio, ob serenissimi, augustissimiq; monarchæ Caroli II . Britanniarum, Galliæ & Hiberniæ regis, fidei defensoris, in solium paternum restitutionem, oblate illustrissimo dynastæ, D. Johanni Middiltonio, Middiltonii comiti, clarimontis… 4to. Edinburgh: G. Lithgow, 1661. Wing E165; ESTC R11311 [Voyager 3150808] NLS holdings: Gray.1033(1); UMI 315:01; UMI 428:14 (identified as Wing M1972) Other locations: E U Leighton(fragment) *1682.3 [Act of Committee of Estates, 13 Aug. 1650] West-kirk the 13. day of August, 1650. The Commission of the Generall Assembly considering that there may be just ground of stumbling from the Kings Majesties refusing to subscribe & emit the Declaration offered unto him by the Committee of Estates, and Commissioners of the Generall Assembly concerning his former carriage and resolutions for the future, in reference to the cause of God … . s.sh. Edinburgh: E. Tyler, 1661. Reprint of 1650 edition, Aldis 1395.6 and 1395.7; not recorded by ESTC [Voyager 3771044] NLS holdings: MS.14493, fol.1 Other locations: 1682.5 Act for raising ... 480,000 pound. fol. Edinburgh: E. Tyler, 1661. NLS holdings: Other locations: Private Owner 1683 [Act of Parliament, 1 Feb. 1661] Act of Parliament, against saying of mess [sic], Jesuits, Seminary and Mess [sic] priests, and trafficking papists. At Edinburgh, the first day of February, 1661. s.sh. Edinburgh: E. Tyler, 1661. Wing S1119; Steele 2200; ESTC R183918 [Voyager 2231141] NLS holdings: Ry.1.1.33(13); Mf.SP.133(21); UMI 2710:22 Other locations: Signet Library 1684 [Act of Parliament, 20 Feb.
    [Show full text]