Effects of Host Plant, Nectar Plant and Vegetation Types on Butterfly Communities
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Invasive Plants Established in the United States That Are Found In
Rosa multiflora Multiflora rose Introduction There are 200 members of the genus Rosa distributed widely in subtropical to cold temperate regions of Asia, Europe, North Africa and North America. In China, 95 species have been recorded[60]. Taxonomy Order: Rosales Suborder: Rosineae Family: Rosaceae Subfamily: Rosoideae Focke alternate, and composed of 3-9 sharp- Genus: Rosa L. toothed leaflets, 5-10 cm long including Subgenus: Rosa leafstalk. The leaflets are obovate, Section: Synthylae DC. oblong or ovate, 1.5-5 cm in length Series: Multiflorae Yü et Ku and 0.8-2.8 cm in width, acute or Species: Rosa multiflora obtuse apex, suborbicular or cuneate Thunb. base, with simple serrate or biserrate margins. A pair of stipules are adnate to Description the base of the leafstalk. The upper leaf Rosa multiflora is a climbing, perennial surface is glabrous and the underside is shrub. The branchlets are glabrous and pubescent. Flowers appear from May cylindrical with short curved prickles. through June, as clusters in a corymb The leaf axil, petiole and pedicel are inflorescence, 1.5-2 cm in diameter. glabrous or covered with glandular Each has white, broad-obovate petals hairs. The leaves are imparipinnate, that are glabrous outside and pubescent inside. The lanceolate calyx has a retuse apex and a cuneate base. Fruits are red, glabrous, subglobular hips, with a diameter of 6-8 mm, developing from July to August[59]. Habitat Related Species R. multiflora habitats include thickets, Three varieties of R. multiflora are forest margins, and along road sides and commonly cultivated in China: streams in mountainous areas[9, 88]. -
Ring Roads and Urban Biodiversity: Distribution of Butterflies in Urban
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Ring roads and urban biodiversity: distribution of butterfies in urban parks in Beijing city and Received: 1 June 2018 Accepted: 26 April 2019 correlations with other indicator Published: xx xx xxxx species Kong-Wah Sing1,2, Jiashan Luo3, Wenzhi Wang1,2,4,5, Narong Jaturas6, Masashi Soga7, Xianzhe Yang8, Hui Dong9 & John-James Wilson10,6,8 The capital of China, Beijing, has a history of more than 800 years of urbanization, representing a unique site for studies of urban ecology. Urbanization can severely impact butterfy communities, yet there have been no reports of the species richness and distribution of butterfies in urban parks in Beijing. Here, we conducted the frst butterfy survey in ten urban parks in Beijing and estimated butterfy species richness. Subsequently, we examined the distribution pattern of butterfy species and analyzed correlations between butterfy species richness with park variables (age, area and distance to city center), and richness of other bioindicator groups (birds and plants). We collected 587 individual butterfies belonging to 31 species from fve families; 74% of the species were considered cosmopolitan. The highest butterfy species richness and abundance was recorded at parks located at the edge of city and species richness was signifcantly positively correlated with distance from city center (p < 0.05). No signifcant correlations were detected between the species richness and park age, park area and other bioindicator groups (p > 0.05). Our study provides the frst data of butterfy species in urban Beijing, and serves as a baseline for further surveys and conservation eforts. China is a megadiverse country but is rapidly losing biodiversity as a consequence of socioeconomic development and expansion of urban land since the 1990s1,2. -
Diversity of Insect Pollinators in Different Agricultural Crops and Wild Flowering Plants in Korea: Literature Review
Original Article 한국양봉학회지 제25권 제2호 (2010) Journal of Apiculture 30(3) : 191~201 (2015) Diversity of Insect Pollinators in Different Agricultural Crops and Wild Flowering Plants in Korea: Literature Review Sei-Woong Choi and Chuleui Jung1* Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam, South Korea 1Andong National University, Andong, Kyungbuk, South Korea (Received 10 September 2015; Revised 25 September 2015; Accepted 28 September 2015) Abstract | Insect pollination is an important ecosystem process for increased agricultural crop yield as well as for enhancing ecosystem production. We analyzed insect pollinators visiting fruits and flowers in different orchards and wild fields across Korea during the last three decades, published in scientific journals in Korea. A total of 368 species in 115 families of 7 orders were recorded to serve as pollinators in 43 different agricultural crops and wild flowers. The most diverse insect pollinators were the species of Hymenoptera followed by Diptera and Coleoptera. The dominant insect pollinator was the honey bee (Apis melliferas) followed by Eristalis cerealis, Tetralonia nipponensis, Xylocopa appendiculata, Eristalis tenax, Helophilus virgatus and Artogeia rapae. Study methods employed for diversity of pollinators were mostly sweep netting, but trapping was mostly employed for bee diversity and direct observation for lepidopteran diversity. Bee diversity was higher in orchards while insect order level diversity was higher in wild plant pollinators, suggesting the important roles of wild flowers for conservation of insect pollinators. Key words: Apis melliferas, Eristalis cerealis, Tetralonia nipponensis, Xylocopa appendiculata, Eristalis tenax, Helophilus virgatus, Artogeia rapae INTRODUCTION diverse species of Hymenoptera (bees, solitary species, bumblebees, pollen wasps and ants), Diptera (bee flies, Animal-mediated pollination plays an important functi- houseflies, hoverflies), Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), onal role in most terrestrial ecosystems and provides a key Coleoptera (flower beetles), and other insects. -
Lepidoptera) Communities in Korea: Conservation and Maintenance of Red Listed Species
Eur. J. Entomol. 112(4): 770–777, 2015 doi: 10.14411/eje.2015.099 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Effect of military activity on butterfly (Lepidoptera) communities in Korea: Conservation and maintenance of red listed species SUNG-SOO KIM 1, TAE-SUNG KWON 2 and CHEOL MIN LEE 3, * 1 Research Institute for East Asian Environment and Biology, 293-27 Amsa 3 dong, Angdong-gu, Seoul 143-203, Republic of Korea; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Division of Forest Insect Pests and Diseases, Korea Forest Research Institute, 57 Hoegi-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-712, Republic of Korea; e-mail: [email protected] 3 Center for Forest and Climate Change, Korea Forest Research Institute, 57 Hoegi-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-712, Republic of Korea; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Lepidoptera, butterflies, red listed species, military training area, grassland, conservation Abstract. Military training areas are increasingly recognized as areas of high biodiversity and habitats for many wild organisms, in- cluding threatened or endangered species. However, the information on the ecological value of military training areas is limited because it is difficult access these sites. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of military activity on butterfly communities. The survey was carried out in a military training area (MTA) at Inje-gun near the demilitarized zone (DMZ), Inje forest (IJF) a secondary forest and Gwangneung forest (GWF) an old growth forest, from April to October 2008 to 2011. IJF and GWF were selected in order to determine the characteristics of a butterfly community differed in a MTA. -
Spatial Distribution of Butterflies in Accordance with Climate Change In
sustainability Article Spatial Distribution of Butterflies in Accordance with Climate Change in the Korean Peninsula Sangdon Lee * , Hyeyoung Jeon and Minkyung Kim Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, College of Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; [email protected] (H.J.); [email protected] (M.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 19 February 2020; Accepted: 3 March 2020; Published: 5 March 2020 Abstract: The effects of climate change are becoming apparent in the biosphere. In the 20th century, South Korea experienced a 1.5 ◦C temperature increase due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. If the changes continue, it is predicted that approximately 15–37% of animal and plant species will be endangered after 2050. Because butterflies act as a good indicator for changes in the temperature, the distribution of butterflies can be used to determine their adaptability to climate patterns. Local meteorological data for the period 1938–2011 were used from the National Forest Research Institute of Korea. Local temperature data were additionally considered among the basic information, and the distribution patterns of butterflies were analyzed for both the southern and northern regions. Southern butterflies (with northern limit) tend to increase in number with significant correlation between the temperature and number of habitats (p < 0.000), while northern butterflies (with southern limit) show no statistical significance between the temperature and number of habitats, indicating their sensitivity to temperature change. This finding is in accordance with the conclusion that southern butterflies are more susceptible to climate change when adapting to local environments and expanding their original temperature range for survival, which leads to an increase in the numbers of their habitats. -
Characterization of the Butterfly Community of A
Original article KOREAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY 한국응용곤충학회지 ⓒ The Korean Society of Applied Entomology Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 51(4): 317-323 (2012) pISSN 1225-0171, eISSN 2287-545 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5656/KSAE.2012.07.0.040 격리된 도시숲, 홍릉숲 나비군집의 특성 이철민ㆍ권태성* 국립산림과학원 산림생태연구과 Characterization of the Butterfly Community of a Fragmented Urban Forest, Hongneung Forest Cheol Min Lee and Tae-Sung Kwon* Division of Forest Ecology, Korea Forest Research Institute, Seoul 130-712, Republic of Korea ABSTRACT: Fragmented urban forests, as green islands within urban area, are the primary habitats for a vast number of different organisms inhabiting large cities. The areas of the urban forests are usually small, and hence, the proportion of the forest edge is relatively high. It is therefore expected that overall butterfly diversity may be lower than that of suburban or rural forests, and that those of grassland species, forest edge species, and generalist species with a wider niche breadth may be richer. Butterflies were surveyed weekly by the line transact method in order to characterize the butterfly community of the Hongneung Forest, a fragmented urban forest in Seoul. Butterfly richness of the study forest is much lower than those of main forests around or in Seoul. Grassland species, forest edge species, and generalist species were found to be richer, which was in agreement with the expected patterns of urban butterfly communities. Also, an endangered species, Spindasis takanonis, was observed in the Hongneung Forest, showing that urban forests play important roles for conservation of rare species. Key words: Butterfly, Hongneung forest, Urbanization, Habitat type, Niche breadth, Conservation 초 록: 녹색 섬의 형태로 존재하는 도시숲은 대도시에 서식하는 생물들의 주 서식공간이다. -
Insect Fauna of Gyeongju National Park, Korea
Journal of Korean Nature Vol 1, No. 1 11-20, 2008 Insect Fauna of Gyeongju National Park, Korea Young-Bok Cho1*, Suk-Joon Yoon2, Sung-Mahn Yoon1, Jae-Won Ryu2, Hong-Ki Min1, and Kwang-Sik Oh1 1Natural History Museum, Hannam University, Ojeong-dong, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon 306-791, Korea 2Natural History Museum, Ewha University, Daehyeon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 11-1, Korea Abstract : The survey on insect fauna in Gyeongju National Park was done during April to June, 2007. As a result, we identified 109 species and 44 genera belonging to 9 orders through this investigation. Therefore, The insect fauna of Gyeongju National Park are 356 species of 91 families of 13 orders. Key words : Insect fauna, Gyeongju National Park Introduction Results and Consideration The Gyeongju National Park is administratively located in The research identified 9 orders, 44 families and 109 Gyeongsangbukdo and covers 138.2. It stretches Sannae- species, of which 8 orders, 36 families and 83 species myeon, Geoncheon-eup, Nanam-myeon, Yangbuk-myeon, Gampo-eup and Hyungok-myeon, not to mention Gyeongju- si in Gyeongbuk. (Ahn, 1997) Ahn reported 12 orders, 77 families and 273 species of insect fauna in the Gyeongju National Park in 1997. This research targeted samples caught from April to June by installing FIT (Flight incercept trap) in Hwangyong-dong of Tohamsan area and Yongjeong-ri of Namsan area (See Fig. 1) and caught by sifting or sweeping in the neighboring areas (See Fig. 2). The research findings integrated literature of the national park, which was compiled into renewed records. Methods and Period Fig. -
Insect Fauna of Adjacent Areas of DMZ in Korea
J. Ecol. Field Biol. 29 (2): 125∼141, 2006 Insect Fauna of Adjacent Areas of DMZ in Korea Kim, Seung-Tae, Myung-Pyo Jung, Hun-Sung Kim, Joon-Hwan Shin1, Jong-Hwan Lim1, Tae-Woo Kim2 and Joon-Ho Lee* Entomology Program, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea 1Department of Forest Environment, Korea Forest Research Institute, Seoul 130-712, Korea 2Department of Biology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 136-742, Korea ABSTRACT: Insect fauna in adjacent areas of Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) in Korea was surveyed seasonally in 2001∼2003. The survey area was divided into 3 regions (eastern mountain, middle inland, and western coastal regions) in accordance with administrative districts and topography. Sampling methods such as sweeping, sieving, beating, brushing and suction were used depending on the environmental and military conditions. Total 361 genera and 437 species of 116 families belonging to 14 orders were identified. Among these, 46 species were new to insect fauna of DMZ areas. Species richness was the highest in the eastern mountain region. Numbers of habitat-common and -specific species were 96 (22%) and 195 (47.2%), respectively. The insect species community similarity was highest (0.64) between eastern mountain region and western coastal region. Insect orders showing high species richness were Coleoptera (38.9%), Lepidoptera (19.2%), Orthoptera (9.4%), and Hemiptera (9.2%). These results will be useful information for study of history on the change of insect fauna and future conservation in DMZ areas. Key words: DMZ, Fauna, Insect, Korea biological resources and environment in DMZ. INTRODUCTION This study was conducted to survey the fauna of insect and their distributions to provide useful insect inventory in adjacent areas of Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) was established on July 27 in 1953 DMZ during 2001∼2003. -
Rhamnus Species Buckthorn
Rhamnus species Buckthorn Introduction The genus Rhamnus contains approximately 200 species occurring primarily in temperate to tropical regions of eastern Asia and North America. Fifty eight species and 14 varieties occur nationwide in China. The largest populations occur in southwestern and southern China[3]. I. Rhamnus cathartica Common buckthorn pilose or nearly glabrous. The flowers are unisexual, dioecious, 4-merous and Taxonomy usually grow in clusters of 10 on the Order: Rhamnales twigs or from the leaf axil on the lower Family: Rhamnaceae part of the long branches. The pedicel Genus: Rhamnus L. is 2-4 mm long. Male flowers have Subgenus: Frangula (Mill.) S. F. petals, but the stamens are degenerate Gray and small. The ovary of female flowers Species: Rhamnus cathartica L. has 3 loculi, with 1 ovule each. The style is long and 3-lobed. Fruits are Description black globular drupes, with 3 internal Rhamnus cathartica is a shrub or small pyrenes with persistent calyx-tubes at tree 5-8 m in height. The branchlets are the base. The fruit’s pedicel is 5-8 mm purplish red or silvery gray, opposite or long. The seeds are shortly grooved nearly so along the main stems, with dorsally, and sutured adaxially. Flowers terminal spines. Scales of terminal appear May through June, and fruits buds are marginally hairy. Leaves are July through September[3]. papery, nearly opposite, alternate, or clustered in the twigs. The leaf blade Habitat and Distribution is elliptic, ovoid elliptic, or ovate, 3- R. cathartica occurs in valleys and 6.5 cm long and 1.5-3 cm wide, with hillside thickets at elevations of 1200- a shortly acuminate, acute or obtuse 1400 m in northern Xinjiang[3]. -
Butterfly Fauna in Mount Gariwang-San, Korea
Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 9 (2016) 198e204 HOSTED BY Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/japb Original article Butterfly fauna in Mount Gariwang-san, Korea Cheol Min Lee a,*, Sung-Soo Kim b, Tae-Sung Kwon c a Forest and Climate Change Adaptation Laboratory, Center for Forest and Climate Change, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea b Research Institute for East Asian Environment and Biology, Seoul, Republic of Korea c Division of Forest Insect Pests and Diseases, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea article info abstract Article history: The aim of this study is to elucidate butterfly fauna in Mt. Gariwang-san, Korea. A field survey was Received 31 December 2015 conducted from 2010 to 2015 using the line transect method. A literature survey was also conducted. A Received in revised form total of 2,037 butterflies belonging to 105 species were recorded. In the estimation of species richness of 25 February 2016 butterfly, 116 species were estimated to live in Mt. Gariwang-san. In butterfly fauna in Mt. Gariwang-san, Accepted 26 February 2016 the percentage of northern species was very high and the percentage of grassland species was relatively Available online 3 March 2016 higher than that of forest edge species and forest interior species. Sixteen red list species were found. In particular, Mimathyma nycteis was only recorded in Mt. Gariwang-san. When comparing the percentage Keywords: butterfly of northern species and southern species including those recorded in previous studies, the percentage of fi distribution pattern northern species was found to have decreased signi cantly whereas that of southern species increased. -
A Survey on Insect Diversity of Baengnyeongdo, Korea
Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 7 (2014) 268e280 HOSTED BY Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/japb Original article A survey on Insect Diversity of Baengnyeongdo, Korea Seong-Joon Park a, Heon-Myoung Lim a, Do-Sung Kim b,* a National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon-gun, Chungnam, Republic of Korea b The Institute for Conservation of Wild Species, Daejeon, Republic of Korea article info abstract Article history: We investigated the biodiversity in Baengnyeongdo Island and also tried to clarify the relationship Received 12 March 2014 between surrounding environment and ecosystem of other Islands, in order to, eventually, contribute Received in revised form to biodiversity conservation as well as to management of West-coastal islands in Incheon, Korea. Insect 4 April 2014 was collected from April to October, 2011. As a result of all the collections were examined, 388 species Accepted 7 April 2014 of 75 family under 9 order were identified. Therefore, the species composition of insect over each result Available online 24 April 2014 from Baengnyeongdo was a total of 9 orders, 124 families, 642 species including 7 species of IUCN Red list, 3 Endemic species, 23 Management of exportable species, 4 species of Korean Red list, 1 species Keywords: Insect Diversity of Climate-sensitive Indicator species and 70 Designated species; 286 species of Lepidoptera (44.55%) Baengnyeongdo Island which is the highest, 153 species of Coleoptera (23.83%), 66 species of Hemiptera (10.28%) and 44 species Korea of Hymenoptera (6.85%). Copyright Ó 2014, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). -
A Contribution to the Butterfly Fauna of S. Gansu, China (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea, Hesperioidea) by Zi-Hao Liu Received 30.III.2016
Atalanta 47 (1/2): 249-254, Marktleuthen (Juli 2016), ISSN 0171-0079 A contribution to the butterfly fauna of S. Gansu, China (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea, Hesperioidea) by ZI-HAO LIU received 30.III.2016 Abstract: A list of 185 species of butterflies collected and observed by the author from S. Gansu is presented. Some interesting species are illustrated. Southern Gansu Province (Longnan [formerly Wudu]) is located at the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. It is an area with complicated landform and climate, as well as high biodiversity. It is a mountainous area, with altitude ranging from 550 to 4187 m, in which west Qinling Mts., Dabashan Mts. and Minshan Mts. meet together. A few researches on butterflies of this area have been made, for example, the description of Ahlbergia hsui JOHNSON, 2000 and Araragi panda HSU & CHOU, 2001, but its butterfly fauna is still poorly known, with the only published work (CAI, 2011) on this issue recently. To study the butterfly fauna of Longnan area, the author made a collecting trip to Kangxian and Wenxian, two coun- ties of Longnan, in the summer of 2015: June 26th to July 2nd at Kangxian (on June 27th at Heimaguan, June 30th to July 2nd at Qinghe, on other days at a valley near the town), July 5th to July 7th at Wenxian (July 5th to July 6th at Qiujiaba, on July 7th at Bifenggou), on July 8th again at Kangxian (Qinghe). The above mentioned localities are marked on the map (fig. A) and their elevations are as following: Kangxian, 1200 m, Heimaguan, 1400-1600 m, Qinghe, 900-1600 m, Qiujiaba, 2000-2600 m and Bifenggou, 800-1000 m.