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The Megalithic Tombs of Co. Sligo, Ireland with a Selection of Monuments of Later Periods Martin A

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The Megalithic Tombs of Co. Sligo, Ireland with a Selection of Monuments of Later Periods Martin A The Megalithic Tombs of Co. Sligo, Ireland With a selection of Monuments of Later Periods Martin A. Timoney Research Archaeologist Palaeoecology Research Group Institut fuer Oekosystemforschung Christian-Albrechts-Universitaet zu Kiel, Germany July 2012 Martin A. Timoney, BA, FRSAI, M1AJ, Research Archaeologist, born, living & working in Sligo Independent of National Museum of Ireland, National Monuments Service, Universtities, Ordnance Survey of Ireland, commercial archaeological companies, local antiquarian societies, etc., but working in conjunction and constructive collaboration with all of these, and many of these rely, over rely, on us, for knowledge of Co. Sligo. Contribution to Sligo Archaeology: Fieldwalking, passing on knowledge of sites from previous members of Sligo Field Club, responding to requests for Information on our county, helping researchers, incomming Irish and foreign archaeologists, Swedish 1978-1982, Kiel in recent years, tour guide for visiting University and other groups; over 200 published articles; edited A Celebration of Sligo for Sligo Field Club 2002; another book of essays almost ready. Mary B. Timoney, BA, MA, MIAI, Research Archaeologist, concentrating on the art of memorials of Co. Sligo from the last four centuries. Published Bad Me Made, A Study ofthe Grave memorial ofCo. Sligo, c. 1650 to the Present in 2005. Published several articles on Sligo memorials. Powerpoint; Maps and plans, Sligo through ten milennia, Reading list Böthar an Chorainn, Cloonagh, Keash, Ballymote, Co. Sllgo. martintimoney06f%eircom.net Tel:+353 71-91 83293 Mob: +353 87-2863301 _ 2 Distribution o^Sligo Megalithic Tombs - ' Distributions oflrÖK^Iegalithic Tombs; Portal Tombs: Carrickglass; Tawnatruffaun; Greengraves Court Tombs: Doonbeakin, Bunduff; Deerpark; Creeveykeel Court Tombs: Cloghboley; Treanmore. Complex Welsh Portal / Court / Long Barrows Passage Tombs: Carrowmore Nos. 7, 52, 4, 56, Abbeyquarter; Carrowkeel K, G, O, F, B, E, H, E. Wedge Tombs: Coolbeg; Coolbeg; Kilfreee; Tawnamucklagh; Wedge in a circle Streedagh Images: Wakeman; Wood-Martin; Macalister, Armstrong & Praeger; Images: de Valera; Ö Nualläin; Lynch et al.; Bergh COURT-TOM8S PORTAL-TOMBS PASSAGE-TOMBS WEDGE-TOM8S Fig. 84. Distribution maps: court-tombs, portal-tombs, passage-tombs and wedge-tombs. //Ö / ä&-^S&S»S 176.—General View of the Crouileac in thu Towuland of TawnatruHaun 14. Grge^gr^ves portal tomb, Countv Down, rcconstruction drawing: (A) capstone, (B) backstönS, (C) sidestone, (D) cairn, (E) portal stone, (F) scptal slab. (After Archaeologi- /•/!/ Survpv rtf Cnuntv Dnwn SI.S7. DCONBf AXlN **-K. ~**«K. 20 METRES Plaos of Court Cairns, Co. Sligo 9. Deer Park or Magheraghanrush; 2. Creevykce! 17. CARROWMORE 52 4. CARROWMORE 7 3. CARROWMORE 4 o0° 0 O /r~-r-s7 G a 5 M K ff- >$ • n ) jL-=4^ ^ofcsF® 22 ABBEYQUARTER NORTH o. c o 18. CARROWMORE 56 HUDli 8TUNE MONUMENT« IN SI.lUo. 145 st either extremity (fig. m giyes a good idea of its pneral appearance; Jig. 112 of its ground plan). The si.JJ. COOLBEG Ute Rev. James Graves, during a visit to Sligo, in 1880, •was informed of the tlien recont exposure of ;i human J*ij. 111.—Genen! Vie. '» ümve " neiir DrumclilF, looking Soutli. , dceleton, in consequence of the falling of the eartheu bsnl of the river in closc proximity to this monument. When first discovered, the skeleton was dccorated witli a bead nenklace, whicli was removed by tlie comitiy poople; Fig. 112.—Grounil Ha» nf "fiiiml'F Gr.im,1' DiumclilF. (S™lo. TJ„ ) SLIJS. KfLfftEE Fig. llü.—(jcnrial View of Stom: Cirulu i» tbe Sanlhill«, Stra-dai;)., Imkilij; W. Sl 127. TAWNYMUCKLAGH 0 o OO 3 \ fett. l l l l l l l : '!•-'-! if. 116.- Craiml Tlan of Rlonr Ciivlc an<] ('ist in Ulf S.-incll.illa, Sti -.-l l t_ 4 TANHEGO WEST Fig. 75. CoLirl-tomb. Co. Sligr Fig. 47. Court-tomb, Co. Slipo. \« 120 C*RROWKEEL Fig. 70. Coun-tomb (?)/Passape-tomb. Co. Sligo. Powerpoint Presentation Title; O'Connor's Island Early Iron Age pin design. Maps: Ireland; Sligo physical, Baronies, modern roads and towns and villages. Numbers of megalithic tombs in Co. Sligo; Fergusson 1872. Antiquarians: Beranger 1779, Walker & Petrie 1837; Wood-Martin 1888; Kitchin's Newpark 1970s. Portal tombs TawnatrufFaun; Carrickglass; Crowagh. Court Tombs: Creeveykeel. Court Tombs: Deerpark. Court Tombs: Bunduff; Caltragh; Moneylaghan. Court Tombs: Doonshaskin; Moytirra. Portal / Court Tomb: Tanrego West. Passage Tombs: Carrowmore No. 7 & Knocknarea; Carrowmore No. 27; boulders; Abbeyquarter in Sligo. Passage Tombs: Carrowmore Nos. 51, 37 52, 54, 55A; field at south of cemetery. Passage Tombs: Knocknarea; Ox Mts. and Keash; Ox Mountains mid-Summer sunset from Carrowkeel. Passage Tombs: Carrowkeel valley (Mitchell and Goranson cores); Cairn B; Cairn E (cruciform chamber). Oddities: Knockatotaun; Achonry; Clogher. Wedge Tombs: Kilfree; Breeoge; Coolbeg. But more Barrows: Rathdooney; Carrownacreevey; Doonrnadden; Kilrusheighter; Carrowmore No. 12. Barrows: Tobernaveen; Toomour; Carrigans; Breaghwy; STarevaghfullachtßadha; Annagh (Roscommon) Later Bronze Age pin and rings (Comparables please); Early Iron Age pin design. Ringforts: Rathurlisk; Halfquarter; Portavaud; Carrowcaslan Ringfort and Crannög: Treanmacmurtagh; Lough Gara; Ballymulldorry. Cashel: Clogher; Souterrains. Promontory Forts: Knocklane; Aughris. Early Monastery: Drumcliff high cross 9* c. or 12* c. Early Monastery: Inishmurray, 7* c. to 12* c. Early Monastery: Ballisodare 7* c.; Carrowntemple 7* c. Vikings: Knoxspark; O'Connor's Island. Medieval: Sligo Dominican Abbey 1252; Ballindoon Dominican Abbey 1506. Castles: Sligo 1310; Moygara 16* c.; Ballymote 1300; Castledargan 1422 (Clarke v. Mcllroy). Castles: Castletown O'Dowd 17* c.; Ballinafad 1590/1610; Ballincar 17* c.; Ardtermon 17* c. (Schiller). Sculptured monuments: O'Crean 1506; O'Connor-Sligo / Butler 1624; Skreen 1591. Visitors: Spanish Armada 1588; Luttrell 1689 map of Sligo; Vauban Green Fort in Sligo; Coney Island of 17* c.; Nepoleonic towers at Carrowmably and Rathlee of early 19* c.; WWII lookout. Pitfields at Rathcroghan, Co. Roscommon, (Comparables please). Enclosures at Aughris; Paul Walsh and Eamon Cody (Comparables please). House: Hazelwood 1728 for Wynne by Richard Cassels from Kassel! in Hesse. Funerary Sculpture: Diamond work Scott of 1824 and Black of 1825 at Skreen; Healy d. 1780. Sligo Town: Garvoge River, Yeats Building, Ulster Bank; Mullaneys; Feeneys. Opportunity: Late Mesolithic scraper and findplace in a bog. Kiel: International Roadside Conference; Castledargan; Templevanny; Road to Keash; More to be doneü Maps andplans in handout Lf fr P &$ (f T~ Distributionsof Irish Megalithic Tombs. —^^ZZ~- Distribution of Sligo Megalithic Tombs: Portal Tombs: Carrickglass; Tawnatruftaun; Greengraves. Court Tombs: Doonbeakin, BundufF; Deerpark; Creeveykeel. Court Tombs: Cloghboley; Treanmore (transeptal). Complex Welsh Portal / Court / Long Barrows. Passage Tombs: Carrowmore Nos. 7, 52, 4, 56; Abbeyquarter; Carrowkeel K, G, O, F, B, E, H, E. Wedge Tombs: Coolbeg; Kilfree; Tawnamucklagh; Streedagh wedge tomb in stone circle. Portal / Court Tomb: Tanrego West; Court with transeptals: Tawnmore; Passage / Court tomb: Carrowkeel E. Images Wakeman, Wood-Martin; Macalister, Armstrong & Praeger, de Valera, Ö Nualäin, Bergh; Lynch et al; Barry Raftery; Martin A. Timoney 10 Sligo Through Ten Millennia Considerably Reduced for Kiel Neolithic Event July 2012 Martin A. Timoney & Mary B. Timoney THE COUNTY OF SLIGO took its modern shape äs a historical unit in 1585. SOME STATISTICS: Atlantic coastline 200 km. 6 baronies, 41 parishes, about 1,300 townlands, 47 6" Ordnance Survey Sheets. 61 kilometers north-south; 72 kilometers east-west; 1,838 square kilometers; population in 2006 was 61,000; Sligo town has a population of 18,000. GEOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY Precambrian acidic igneous Ox Mts. Knockalongy, rise to 542m. The greater part of the county is limestone; Knocknashee, Bricklieves, Keash and Knocknarea uplands. Glaciation, which ended some 12,000 years ago, left drumlins and moraines. The boglands are only millennia in age, some post-dating the Start of human settlement in the country. About one third of Co. Sligo is made up of mountain and lowland bog suitable only for rough grazing. Half of the county is good agricultural land. DRAINAGE: Owenmore, Owenbeg, Unsion, Moy, Garvogue, Easky, Lough Gara MONUMENTS ON THE LANDSCAPE OF SLIGO MESOLITHIC Ireland first colonized from about 7800 BC. Find Spots are known from around Lough Gara and north Sligo sandhills. Rieh marine resources of Sligo Bay, Ballisodare Bay and Drumcliffe Bay. NEOLITHIC Early Neolithic, from 4500 to 3800 or 3500 BC, Causewayed enclosure at Maugheraboy were initially constructed between 4150 and 3935 cal.BC (probably 4100-3950 BC) making it the earliest of its type in these islands.About 1,500 megalithic tombs in Ireland. Portal Tombs: 180 in Ireland. Capstone resting on two tall portal stones and a lower backstone with side stones enclosing a sub rectangular space. Dramatic monuments. Largly northern distribution, South East and Cläre; Wales and Cornwall. Mainly within 8 km of sea or river; below 133m OD. Co. Sligo has more megalithic tombs than any similar-sized area in the world with one-sixth of the megaliths of Ireland on one-fortieth of the land area. Sligo Portal tombs Griddle at Tawnatruffaun; Knockanbawn; Labby at Carrickglass. Court Tombs 400 in Ireland. Curved court with a gallery of 2, 3 or 4 chambers behind it; variations with two courts face-to-face or back-to-back or court extended
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