PROCEEDINGS ASM2018 Proceedings Table of Contents Oral Presentations p. 2 Poster Presentations p. 200 ASM2018 Proceedings Oral Presentations Oral Presentations POST-GLACIAL CLIMATIC AND TRACE ELEMENTS IN SELECTED PERMAFROST- ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES IN THE FURY AFFECTED SOILS OF NEAR-NATURAL AND AND HECLA STRAIT REGION BASED ON ANTHROPOGENICALLY-AFFECTED SITES OF BIOLOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL PROXIES YAMAL REGION Adaïmé, Marc-Elie (1,2) ([email protected]) Alekseev, Ivan (1) ([email protected]) and E. and R. Pienitz (1,2) Abakumov (1) (1) Université Laval, Québec QC, Canada (1) Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, (2) Centre d’études nordiques (CEN), Québec QC, Canada Russia Located between the Melville Peninsula and Soil is an important component of polar ecosystems northwestern Baffin Island in the Canadian Arctic, the and plays a key role in their functioning. Soils implement Fury and Hecla Strait region has experienced major significant role in processes of accumulation, mobilization, environmental shifts since the end of the last ice age redistribution of chemical, and especially, trace elements followed by glacial retreat (7000 cal. BP approx.). in landscapes and ecosystems. Both anthropogenic impact Triggered by post-glacial processes (including marine and climate change may affect biogeochemistry of soils inundation and glacio-isostatic uplift), geomorphological in permafrost-affected landscapes, which are considered changes and climatic fluctuations (that shaped the region as highly sensitive to climate change and anthropogenic throughout the Holocene) have been recorded in marine forcing. Involvement of additional portions of trace and lake sediments. By analyzing sediment cores of elements into the soils due to permafrost degradation and different lakes in the region using a multi-proxy approach, thawing is considered as one the main risk factors for our study provides a high-resolution reconstruction of the natural environments in polar regions. This investigation region’s paleoclimates and paleoenvironments and their is devoted to evaluation trace elements contents in soils evolution over time. We use sedimentological (grain-size of urban areas (Kharsaim, Aksarka, Salekhard, Harp analysis, LOI and magnetic susceptibility), geochemical and Labytnangi) and natural environments of Yamal (elemental geochemistry) and biological (marine and region (Ust’Uribey and Beliy island) were investigated. freshwater diatoms) methods in order to understand and Soil samples from Kharp settlement showed the highest recreate post-glacial conditions and dynamics at different content for Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni. It is connected with existing stages during the Holocene, including past oceanographic galvanizing plant “Kongor-chrome”. Kharsaim and Kharp and limnologic conditions. Various radiometric dating settlements were characterized by the highest values methods (210Pb, 137Cs and 14C) were used to establish for Pb. The highest values for Pb were found in soil a detailed chronology for the inferred changes. All data samples from Aksarka and Labytnangi key plots. Soils combined will help us gain more detailed insights into from Kharsaim and Kharp key plots were characterized post-glacial environmental dynamics in northwestern Foxe by the highest median values for Zn. Analysis of trace Basin and enable us to predict Arctic ecosystem responses elements content showed poorly manifested eluvial-illuvial to global warming. differentiation of soil profiles in near-natural environments. The highest content for most of the studied trace elements has been revealed in topsoil horizons. Trace elements content in soil samples collected from urban environments ranged significantly high due to difference in functional zones of the sites and predominant anthropogenic source of trace elements additions. The results of statistical analysis show that statistically significant differences in Ni and Cu content in soils were found only between Kharp settlement and each of natural sites – Ust’-Uribey and Beliy Island. 2 ASM2018 Proceedings Oral Presentations Almost all studied urban soils showed significant normally hatch as L1 but can hatch as L3 under certain differences in Pb, Zn, As and Fe content between natural conditions. Since freezing temperatures are a common sites. In general terms, obtained Geo-accumulation indices feature of Arctic ecosystems understanding the effect (Igeo) values in all samples were under or slightly above of below zero temperature on survival and differential the 0 level, indicating low to moderate pollution of the behavior is key to evaluate and predict the impact of studied soils. However, considerable Igeo values of Zn, climate change on Marshallagia dynamics, and thus Pb and Ni were revealed in several samples, suggesting host and overall ecosystem health. The objective of this different soil pollution levels, namely: Zn Igeo in Harsaim study was threefold: i) to determine differences in freeze soil sample of 2.22 – moderate polluted to highly polluted tolerance among free-living stages of M. marshalli, ii) to soil; Pb Igeo in Aksarka soil sample of 4.04 – highly determine if hatching as L3 improves survival of early polluted to extremely polluted soil; Ni Igeo in Harp soil larva stages (L1) under freezing conditions, and iii) to sample of 4.34 - highly polluted to extremely polluted soil. explore local thermal adaptation in freeze tolerance among Almost all samples exceeded the maximal permissible eggs of M. marshalli from different locations. First, the concentrations (MPCs, established by the Russian survival of eggs, L1 and L3 of M. marshalli from Alberta, environmental legislation) for As in soils (2 mg•kg-1). Canada, was compared after up to 60 days of exposure to Concentrations of Ni in several soil samples taken in -8, -20, and -40°C. Second, we compared the survival of Harp were 19 times higher than recommended level (20 larvated eggs (L1 inside the egg) and free-living L1 after mg•kg-1). Moderate excess in Zn, Pb and Cu was also their exposure to the same days/temperature protocol than noted. Data obtained will be used in further environmental in the first experiment. Finally, we compared the survival researches and environmental management purposes in of eggs sourced from four different locations in North this key oil and gas exploration region. This study was America after being exposed to the same days/temperature supported by grant of Saint Petersburg State University protocol than in the first experiment. Survival of eggs, L1, “Urbanized ecosystems of the Russian Arctic: dynamics, and L3 of M. marshalli decreased with increasing freezing state and sustainable development”. duration and decreasing temperature. The survival of eggs and L3 was in general higher than the survival of L1, particularly at -20°C. Hatching as L3 seemed to deliver a THERMAL TOLERANCE AND LOCAL fitness advantage for M. marshalli in extreme conditions ADAPTATION TO FREEZING TEMPERATURES as survival of larvated eggs was higher compared to IN A KEY NEMATODE OF ARCTIC UNGULATES: the survival of free-living L1, although in both cases THE CASE OF MARSHALLAGIA MARSHALLI mortality increased with time of exposure and decreasing temperature. The survival of eggs from different locations Aleuy, O. Alejandro (1) ([email protected]), T. Brooks was similar at -8°C and -20°C in all the time exposures (1), M. Aranas (1), K. Ruckstuhl (1), S. Peacock (2) and S. but slightly higher in eggs from southern Yukon at -40°C. Kutz (2) These results improve our understanding of the thermal (1) Department of Biological Sciences, University of tolerance and thermal adaptation in a key Arctic parasite Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada and it can help predict spatial shifts in the fundamental (2) Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, niche of parasites under climate change. University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada The survival and development of free-living EXPLORING THE EFFECTS OF ARCTIC FOX stages of parasitic nematodes are intrinsically tied ECOLOGY ON RABIES EPIDEMIOLOGY IN to environmental factors such as temperature. As a NORTHERN QUEBEC USING A SPATIALLY- consequence, climate change is changing population EXPLICIT INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL dynamics and spatial distribution nematodes across the Arctic. Marshallagia marshalli is a key, but relatively Allibert, Agathe (1) ([email protected]), A. unknown, nematode from the behaviourHolarctic region Simon (1), E. E. Rees (1,2), Yi Moua (1), Ariane Massé (3) that infects all the endemic ungulate species inhabiting and P. A. Leighton (1) the Arctic and sub-Arctic ecosystems. Recently, it has (1) Research Group on Epidemiology of Zoonoses and been associated with reduced fitness in Dall’s sheep and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Svalbard reindeer. Marshallagia has a direct life cycle in of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe QC, Canada which eggs are passed in host feces and develop through (2) Public Health Agency of Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe QC, three larval stages (L1, L2, and L3) on pasture. Eggs Canada 3 ASM2018 Proceedings Oral Presentations (3) Ministry of Forests, Wildlife and Parks, Québec QC, research for over 30 years. The Inuvialuit co-management Canada system provides various and ongoing participation for communities and Inuvialuit boards to meaningfully Arctic fox rabies is an ongoing health threat to engage in research in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region human populations and domestic animals in northern (ISR). This presentation will look at how community