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Language Matters Is an Annual Publication of SIL Ethiopia

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Language Matters Is an Annual Publication of SIL Ethiopia August 2013 ነሐሴ 2005 Language Matters is an annual publication of SIL Ethiopia. Contents If you have comments or questions, please contact us. Letter from the Editor 1 SIL Ethiopia Mesfin Derash Multilingual Education (MLE) Department Global Reach with Grassroots Engagement 2 PO Box 2576 Douglas Blacksten Addis Ababa 011 321 38 25/27 Three PhDs Awarded 3 [email protected] Do the Write Thing Mesfin Derash, Editor-in-Chief Mother-tongue Education in Ethiopia 4 Girma Alemayehu Culture and Language Celebrated in Mizan Teferi 9 Tefera Endalew Aster Ganno; Slave, Exile and Language Development Pioneer 14 Peter and Carole Unseth Working Together, Succeeding Together 16 Tesfaye Yacob We Continue to Learn Until the End 20 Sherri Green Abu Rumi, Father of All Amharic Books 23 Peter and Carole Unseth Language Endangerment 25 Awlachew Shumneka From Ethiopia to Cameroon 28 Andreas Joswig A Valuable Investment 29 Michael Bryant ህንን 2ኛ እትም ለንባብ በማብቃታችን ደስታዬ ከፍተኛ ነው። የዚህ ዓመታዊ መጽሔት ዋነኛ ዓላማ Letter ይ ሀገራዊ ቋንቋዎቻችንን በጋራ ለማሳደግና ለማልማት from the እንችል ዘንድ የበኩላችንን አስተዋጽኦ ማበርከት ነው። Editor በ2ኛ እትማችን እንደቀድሞው እትም የተለያዩ ጉዳዮችን ለንባብ ለማብቃት ሞክረናል። ከነዚህም ውስጥ ለሀገራዊ ቋንቋዎች ልማትና ዕድገት ጥረት ካደረጉ ግለሰቦች ጀምሮ በመንግስታዊና የዋና አዘጋጁ መልዕክት መንግስታዊ ባልሆኑ ድርጅቶች አማካይነት በተለያዩ አካባቢዎች Mesfin Derash የተደረጉ እንቅስቃሴዎችን ጭምር በመጠኑ እናስቃኛለን። የሀገራዊ ቋንቋዎች ጉዳት የሚያስከትለውን ችግርና የአፍ t is my privilege to introduce the second edition of መፍቻ ቋንቋ ትምህርትን ጥቅም አስመልክቶ ከምሁራን Language Matters. The aim of our journal is to pro- የቀረቡ ጽሁፎችን አካተናል። የአፍ መፍቻ ቋንቋን ትምህርት mote the development of local languages. In these ጠቃሚነት አስመልክቶ ፕሮፌሰር ኤክአርድ ዎልፍ የተሰኙ I የስነ ቋንቋ ምሁር ያሉትን በዚህ አጋጣሚ ማንሳት እወዳለሁ። pages, you will read about an unlikely heroine of early language development in Ethiopia, some responses to the በትምህርት ውስጥ የቋንቋ ዕውቀት ሁሉም ነገር ነው ማለት first Culture and Language Symposium in the Bench-Maji ባይደፈርም ያለ ቋንቋ ችሎታ በትምህርት ውስጥ ሁሉም Zone, a thoughtful exposition about language endangerment, ነገር አስቸጋሪ ነው። (ትርጉም የራሴ) and much more. You will be inspired, informed, and ፕሮፌሰር ኤክሀርድ ዎልፍ 2006 እ.ኤ.አ hopefully challenged about the issues raised here. እኚህ ምሁር በዚህ አባባላቸው አጽንኦት ለመስጠት የፈለጉት Dr. Ekkehard Wolff, Professor of Linguistics and African ህፃናት በጥሩ ሁኔታ እንዲማሩ ከተፈለገ የሚማሩበትን ቋንቋ Studies, from the University of Leipzig, stated: ጠንቅቀው ሊያውቁና ሊጠቀሙበት እንደሚገባ ነው። ህፃናት Language is not everything in education, ጠንቅቀው የሚያውቁት ቋንቋ ደግሞ የአፍ መፍቻ ቋንቋቸውን but without language, everything is nothing. እንደሆነ መረዳት አያዳግትም። ህፃናት በአፍ መፍቻ ቋንቋ Wolff emphasizes the significance of language for promot- ትምህርት መጀመራቸው መማርን እንዲወዱ ከማድረጉም ing education. Since language is a vital component of educa- በላይ ሌሎች የትምህርት ቋንቋዎችንና የትምህርት ዓይነቶችን tion, it should be a language that both learner and teacher በቀላሉ እንዲረዱ ይረዳቸዋል። easily understand. Ideally, at the primary level, this should be ህገ መንግስታችንና የትምህርትና ስልጠና ፖሊሲው the children’s mother-tongue, (MT) which in the first years of ባስቀመጠልን ዕድል መሠረት በአሁኑ ጊዜ ብዙ የገጠርና schooling is a springboard for all other learning. Thankfully, ከተማ ልጆች በሚያውቁት ቋንቋ ትምህርት በመጀመራቸው the Ethiopian constitution and the education policy, have ጥሩ ውጤት እየተገኘ ነው። በአሁኑ ወቅት የመጠነ ማቋረጥና acknowledged the pedagogical advantages of MT education. ክፍል የመድገም ችግር በከፍተኛ መጠን እየተቀረፈ Children learning in their MT are now actively participating in ለመምጣቱ አንደኛው ምክንያት ልጆች በሚያውቁት (በአፍ school; dropout and repetition rates seem to have decreased መፍቻ) ቋንቋ ትምህርት መጀመራቸው ነው። tremendously. We have been monitoring schools in two pilot ኤስ አይ ኤል ኢትዮጵያ በሚያካሂደው ሁለት የቋንቋ ልማትና projects that are using a MT-based multilingual educational የብዝሀ ቋንቋ ትምህርት ትላልቅ ፕሮጀክቶች ውስጥ በሚገኙ approach. In these schools, the students’ level of achievement የሙከራ ትምህርት ቤቶች (Pilot Schools) ባካሄደው ጥናት has grown significantly. We celebrate their accomplishments የተማሪዎች ውጤት በእጅጉ እየተሻሻለ መምጣቱንና ከአፍ and recognize the endeavor of the federal, regional and zonal መፍቻ ቋንቋቸው ውጪ ትምህርት በሚማሩ ህፃናት ውጤት education offices, the public at large, and the teachers and ጋር ሲወዳደር የተሻለ ውጤት እንደተመዘገበ አረጋግጠናል። students alike. Along with all of them, we are committed to the betterment of education in this country. Increasingly, የዚህ ውጤት መሻሻል ባለቤቶች በዋነኛነት የቋንቋ ተናጋሪ many are recognizing that language really does matter. ህዝብና መምህራን ሲሆኑ የክልል መንግስታት የዞን አስተዳደሮችና የትምህርት ቢሮዎችና መምሪያዎች ድጋፍ Clearly, the work in language development needs a collab- ወሳኝ መሆኑንም ተገንዝበናል። orative effort. To that end, SIL Ethiopia has initiated the Ethiopian Multilingual Education (MLE) Network which is ስለዚህ እንዲህ ዓይነቱ ሥራ በጋራ መስራትን ስለሚጠይቅ comprised of 14 NGOs as well as governmental organi- በቅርቡ ሀገር አቀፍ የብዝሀ ቋንቋ ትምህርት (Ethiopia zations including universities, the Ministry of Education Multilingual Education Network) የትብብር ስራ መድረክ and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Many other በኤስ አይ ኤል ኢትዮጵያ አነሳሽነት ተመስርቷል። በዚህ organizations are also showing an interest. At a meeting in ህብረት ውስጥ ትምህርት ሚኒስቴርና የባህልና ቱሪዝም June 2013, the network participants elected a seven-member ሚኒስቴርን ጨምሮ 14 መንግስታዊና መንግስታዊ ያልሆኑ steering committee and agreed on the following vision ድርጅቶች በንቃት በመሳተፍ ላይ ይገኛሉ። በዚህም መሠረት statement: To contribute towards the achievement of linguis- በቅርቡ የህብረቱን መሪዎች መምረጥና የህብረቱን ራዕይ መንደፍ tically and culturally appropriate ተችሏል። ይህም በብዝሀ ቋንቋ ትምህርት ዕድገት ውስጥ multilingual education in Ethiopia. ትልቅ ሚና ሊጫወት የሚችል ህብረት እንደሚሆን ይጠበቃል። We will bring you more news about እግዚአብሔር ኢትዮጵያን ይባርክ! the achievements of the MLE መልካም ንባብ። Network in the next issue. Mesfin Derash መስፍን ደራሽ Multilingual Education (MLE) የልሳነ ብዙ ትምህርት ክፍል ኃላፊ Coordinator, SIL Ethiopia ኤስ አይ ኤል ኢትዮጵያ Global Reach with Grassroots Engagement መሰረታዊ ነገሮችን ትኩረት ያደረገ ዓለምአቀፋዊ ተሳትፎ Douglas Blacksten n this age of globalization, it is amazing to ለም ወደአንድ ጎራ ለመምጣት በምትጥርብት በዚህ realize there are still almost 7,000 languages in በዘመነ ዓለማቀፋዊነት (ግሎባላይዜሽን) ጊዜ ውስጥ use worldwide. In Ethiopia, the 80+ thriving ዓ ዛሬም በአለም ላይ 7,000 የሚደርሱ ቋንቋዎች I አገልግሎት በመስጠት ላይ እንዳሉ ስናውቅ በጣም ልንገረም language communities imply immense cultural richness. Today people are discovering that by using እንችላለን። ኢትዮጵያም ከ80 በላይ የሆኑ የቋንቋ ማህበረሰቦች their own language, their mother-tongue, in new አሏት፤ ይህም ኢትዮጵያ የብዙ ባህልና ቋንቋ ባለቤት arenas, they can achieve more comprehensive መሆንዋን ያሳያል። ይሁንና ይህ የባህል ብዝሃነት እና ልሳነ- solutions to the challenges they face. However, this ብዙነት በርካታ ተግዳሮቶች ሊገጥሙት ይችላል። ዛሬ diversity also presents many challenges.With a global ሕዝቦች የራሳቸውን ቋንቋ (አፍ መፍቻ ቋንቋቸውን) በአዲስ reach and grassroots engagement, SIL and its partners መድረክ በመገልገል ለሚገጥሟቸው ተግዳሮቶች አጠቃላይ are working to understand and address the needs of መፍትሄ ማግኘት እንደሚችሉ ተገንዝበዋል። ኤስ አይ ኤል local language communities, through language (SIL) እንደ አንድ የቋንቋ ልማት ተባባሪ ድርጅት development, education programs, and other መንግስታዊ እና መንግስታዊ ካልሆኑ የልማት አጋሮቹ ጋር initiatives, working alongside communities as they የአካባቢያዊ ቋንቋንና የቋንቋውን ባለቤት ማህበረሰብ ፍላጎት pursue their goals. በማጥናት፣ ያሉትን ክፍተቶች ለመሙላት የበኩሉን ጥረት In 2013, SIL Ethiopia will celebrate the twentieth ያደርጋል። ከዚህ አኳያ በቋንቋ ልማትና ጥናት፣በመሰረታዊ anniversary of our registration as an NGO in this ትምህርት፤ በልሳነ-ብዙ ትምህርት ፕሮግራሞችና በሌሎች country, and forty years of having personnel here in ተያያዥ ጉዳዮች ላይ በመስራት ማህበረሰቡ በዘላቂነት some capacity. It has been our privilege to be የቋንቋውና የባህሉ ተጠቃሚ እንዲሆን ይሠራል። involved in language survey and linguistic analysis of ኤስ አይ ኤል ኢትዮጵያ መንግስታዊ ያልሆነ ድርጅት many Ethiopian languages. These days we are እንደመሆኑ መጠን በሀገሪቱ ደንብና መመሪያ መሰረት focusing increasingly on training, and are working to ተመዝግቦና ፈቃድ አውጥቶ መንቀሳቀስ ከጀመረ ሀያኛ pass on specialist skills in linguistics, literacy, ዓመቱን አጠናቋል፣ በሃገሪቱ ውስጥ በአጠቃላይ አገልግሎት multilingual education and translation principles. We መስጥት ከጀምረ ግን አርባኛ ዓመታችንን በ2013 are delighted to participate in many language እናከብራልን። በአብዛኛዎቹ የኢትዮጵያ ቋንቋዎች ላይ development activities in this country: in the Bench- በቋንቋ ቅኝት እና ስነልሳን ትንተና ላይ መሳተፋችን ለኛ Maji Zone, the Beneshangul Gumuz Region and ትልቅ እድል ነው። በአሁን ሰዓት በስልጠና፣ሞያዊ ክህሎትን others. In all of these pursuits, it is our goal to build sustainable, local capacity and to foster local በማዳበር፣በመሰረታዊ ትምህርት፣በልሳነ ብዙ ትምህርት እና ownership from the outset. በትርጉም መርህ ላይ ትኩረት አድርገን እንሰራለን። በሀገሪቱ በርካታ አካባቢዎች ውስጥ በሚደረገው የቋንቋ ልማት እንቅስቃሴዎች ላይ ተሳታፊዎች በመሆናችን ደስተኞች What difference will language ነን።በደቡብ ብሄር ብሄረሰቦች ህዝቦች ክልላዊ መንግስት development make? በቤንች ማጂ ዞን እና በቤንሻጉል ጉሙዝ ክልልዊ መንግስት Thousands of students in the country are now ሰፊ እንቅስቃሴ እያድርግን ሲሆን በሌሎችም ሁሉ መሻታችንና participating in “mother-tongue as subject” classes ግባችን ዘላቂ የሆነ አካባቢያው አቅምና ባለቤትነት መፍጠር ነው። there are also pilot classes in many schools where the mother-tongue is the language of instruction for all የቋንቋ ልማት ምን ዕድገትና ልማት ያመጣል? subjects. Teaching in a child’s first language not only በአሁን ጊዜ በአገሪቱ በበርካታ ሺዎች የሚቆጠሩ ተማሪዎች increases his/her chances of staying in school, but also የአፍ መፍቻ ቋንቋቸውን እንደአንድ የትምህርት ዓይነት succeeding in school. Such programs establish a በመማር ላይ ይገኛሉ። በሌሎች ትምህርት ቤቶች ደግሞ strong foundation and love of learning that will last a የአፍ መፍቻ ቋንቋ ሁሉንም የትምህርት ዓይነት ለማስተማር lifetime. On this foundation, students then gradually የማስተማሪያ ቋንቋ ሆኖ በማገልገል ላይ ነው። ህጻናትን build competence in a national or international በአፍመፍቻ ቋንቋቸው ማስተማር ልጆች በትምህርት ቤት language. These are the generations of children who እንዲቆዩ የማድረግ አጋጣሚውን ከማስፋቱም ባሻገር 2 Language Matters August 2013 ነሐሴ 2005 will confidently lead the country into a successful በትምህርታቸውም ስኬታማ ያደርጋቸዋል። እንዲህ future. Seeing a language develop and find a ዓይነቱ ፕሮግራም በልጆች ዘላቂ የትምህርት ህይወት significant place within a national and global context ላይ ጠንካራ መሰረት ይጥላል፤ የመማር ፍላጎትንም is immeasureably rewarding. ያሳድጋል። ተማሪዎች በዚህ መሰረት ላይ ከታነጹ SIL Ethiopia is here to serve the peoples of Ethiopia ደረጃ በደረጃ ሃገርዊ የስራ ቋንቋንና ዓለምአቀፋዊ ቋንቋ by helping them build their own capacity to develop ያጎለብታሉ። ዘመኑ አሁን በትምህርት ላይ ያለው ትውልድ the use of their languages.
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