DOCSLIB.ORG

Urban Green Areas – Their Functions Under a Changing Lifestyle of Local People, the Example of Hanoi

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Urban Green Areas – Their Functions Under a Changing Lifestyle of Local People, the Example of Hanoi Urban Green Areas – their functions under a changing lifestyle of local people, the example of Hanoi Inauguraldissertation Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) an der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald vorgelegt von LE To Luong geboren am 18.10.1983 in Ha Noi, Vietnam Greifswald, den 5. Marz 2013 Dekan: Prof. Dr. Klaus Fesser 1. Gutachter : Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Steingrube 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Hai Thi Nguyen Tag der Promotion: 21/06/2013 TABLE OF CONTENT Page Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………… vii List of figures…………………………………………………………………………….. xiii List of Tables……………………………………………………………………………... xvi List of Pictures……………………………………………………………………………. xvii Abbreviations and Equivalents…………………………………………………………. xviii 1 Introduction………………………….…………………………… 1 1.1 Hanoi – the city of investigation…………………………………… 2 1.1.1 Location and topography………………………………………………………. 2 1.1.2 Climate…………………………………………………………………………... 2 1.2 Hanoi – city plans and management ……………………………… 4 1.2.1 Phases of urban planning in Hanoi…………………………………………… 5 1.2.1.1 Hanoi’s plans before 1885………………………………………………………. 5 1.2.1.2 Hanoi’s plans 1885-1945………………………………………………………… 6 1.2.1.3 Period 1954-1964 ……………………………………………………………….. 7 1.2.1.4 Period 1964-1974……..………………………………………………………….. 8 1.2.1.5 Period 1975-1986……………………………………………………………….. 8 1.2.1.6 Period 1998 to date……………………………………………………………… 8 1.2.1.7 The future vision of Hanoi…………………………………………………………12 1.2.2 The political system in Hanoi………….…….…………………………………. 13 1.2.3 Management process of Planning….…………………………………………. 14 1.3 Objectives and hypotheses………………….…………………........ 17 1.4 Methodological Approach………………………………………….. 18 1.4.1 Statistics…………………………………………………………………………. 21 1.4.2 Observation……………………………………………………………………… 21 1.4.3 Visitor counting…………………………………………………………………. 23 1.4.4 Surveys…………………………………………………………………………... 24 1.4.4.1 Online survey…………………………………………………………………….. 25 1.4.4.2 Not-standardized surveys……………………………………………………….… 27 1.4.5 Mapping……………………………………………………………………….… 27 2 Urban green areas (UGAs)……………………………….......... 28 2.1 Historical development …………………………………………….. 28 2.1.1 Ancient period…………………………………………………………………... 28 2.1.1.1 Ancient Egyptian gardens………..……………………………………………….. 28 2.1.1.2 Ancient Mesopotamia Parks…….………………………………………………... 29 2.1.1.3 Persian gardens…………………..………………………………………………. 29 2.1.1.4 Classical Chinese gardens……….…………………..…………………………… 29 2.1.1.5 The Japanese gardens ………..………………………………………………..…. 29 2.1.1.6 Ancient Greek gardens……………………………………………………………. 29 2.1.1.7 Ancient Roman gardens…………………………………………………………... 30 2.1.2 The middle period………………………………………………………………. 30 2.1.2.1 Pre-Medieval ……………………………………………………………………... 30 2.1.2.2 Renaissance……………………………………………………………………….. 30 2.1.2.3 Post-Medieval period …………………………………………………………….. 31 2.1.3 Early modern period …………………………………………………………… 31 2.1.3.1 Landscape parks……………………………………….………………………….. 31 2.1.3.2 19th-century City Parks………………………………………………………....... 32 2.1.4 Modern Times ………………………………………………………………….. 33 2.1.5 Summary………………………………………………………………………… 35 2.2 State of the art………………………………………………………. 36 2.2.1 At the global level……………………………………………………………….. 36 2.2.2 In Vietnam………………………………………………………………………. 36 2.3 Definitions & categories of UGAs………………………………..... 37 2.3.1 Terms & definitions…………………………………………………………….. 37 2.3.2 Typologies……………………………………………………………………….. 38 2.4 Benefits of UGAs……………………………………………………. 4 2 2.4.1 Ecological benefits……………………………………………………………… 43 2.4.2 Economic benefits………………………………………………………………. 44 2.4.3 Social benefits …………………………………………………………………... 45 2.4.4 Possible negative aspects……………………………………………………..… 45 2.5 Urban comfort……………………………………………………… 47 3 Social changes & lifestyle in Hanoi…………………………... 51 3.1 Social change in Hanoi……………………………………………... 51 3.1.1 A rapid growing economy……………………………………………………… 51 3.1.1.1 Economic growth recently…………………………………………………….….. 52 3.1.1.2 The impact of the market economy……………………………………………….. 52 3.1.2 The impact of policies and institutions…………………………………..……. 53 3.1.3 Development of Science & New technology (S&T) ………………….………. 54 3.1.3.1 From the Government side……………………………………………………..… 54 3.1.3.2 From the citizen side…………………………………………………..………..… 54 3.1.4 The impact of human factors…………….………………………….………… 55 3.1.5 The impact of globalisation…………….……………………………………… 56 3.2 Lifestyle………………………………………………………...…… 57 3.2.1 Lifestyle – the state of the art…………………………………………..….….. 57 3.2.2 Lifestyle- classification…………………………………………………..…..…. 59 3.2.3 Determining factors of lifestyle………………………………………...……... 60 3.2.3.1 Age………………………………………………………….……………..……... 61 3.2.3.2 Gender…………………………………………………………….…….………... 62 3.2.3.3 Education…………………………………………………..…………………….. 62 3.2.3.4 Income and expenditure………………………….………………………..…….. 62 3.2.3.5 Social class…………………………………..………………………….……….. 62 3.2.3.6 Social norms…………………………..………………………………..………… 63 3.2.3.7 Mentality………………………………………………………………..………... 64 3.2.3.8 Spatial factor……………………………………………………………………... 64 3.2.4 Urban lifestyle in Hanoi……………………………...…………………………. 65 3.2.5 Activities as public visible features of lifestyles……………….…………….… 65 3.2.5.1 Concept of leisure………...……………………………………………………..... 66 3.2.5.2 Features of Leisure activities………………………………………………….….. 66 3.2.5.3 Activities…………………………………………………………………………... 70 4 Recent utilization of parks and gardens…………………… 70 4.1 Field research……………………………………………………….. 70 4.1.1 Observations…………………………………………………………………….. 72 4.1.2 Counting………………………………………………………………………… 73 4.1.3 Face-to-face interviews…………………………………………………………. 74 4.1.4 Online survey……………………………………………………………………. 75 4.1.5 Expert interview…………………………………………………………….…... 76 4.2 The number of park users…………………………………………. 76 4.2.1 The course of the week…………………………………………………………. 76 4.2.2 The course of the day…………………………………………………………... 77 4.2.3 Comparison of the course of the days of Hanoi parks and Berlin parks…… 79 4.3 Socio-demographic features of park users………………………... 80 4.4 Utilizing structure and activities…………………………………... 82 4.4.1 Access (time & route) ………………………………………………………….. 82 4.4.2 Accompanied visitting………………………………………………………….. 86 4.4.3 Frequency and Length of stay…………………………………………………. 88 4.4.3.1 Frequency of visiting the park……………………………………………………. 88 4.4.3.2 Length of stay……………………………………………………………………... 90 4.4.4 Activities………………………………………………………………………… 91 4.5 Missing facilities and disturbance issues ……………………….... 95 4.5.1 Missing facilities and features in parks………………………………….…… 95 4.5.2 Troubles / Disturbances………………………………………………………… 100 5 Expected future demand of urban green areas in Hanoi 102 5.1 Population growth and demographic change…………………….. 106 5.2 Common social change…………………………………………….. 108 5.2.1 Increasing amount of leisure time…………………………………………….. 108 5.2.2 Rising demand of UGA………………………………………………………… 109 5.2.3 Small houses…………………………………………………………………….. 110 5.2.4 Political awareness and civil rights…………………………………………… 111 5.2.5 Social norms…………………………………………………………………….. 113 5.3 Lifestyles of local people……………………………………………. 11 3 5.3.1 Leisure activities in UGA versus indoor activities…………………………… 114 5.3.2 New activities occur – social media as an example…………………………… 115 5.3.3 Promenade: see and be seen …………………………………………………… 116 5.4 Expected demand…………………………………………………… 117 6 Outlook & Recommendations……………………………. 119 6.1 Limitation…………………………………………………………… 119 6.2 Prognosis (outlook) ………………………………………………… 119 6.3 Recommendations………………………………………………….. 121 6.3.1 Quantity and quality of future UGA…………………………………….…….. 121 6.3.2 Planning & management of future UGA …………………………….……….. 121 7 Summary……………………………………………..….............. 124 Endnote………………………………………………………………………………… 127 Reference……...………………………………………………………………………. 128 Appendix………………………………………………………………………………. A Acknowledgement Curriculum Vitae Abstract Hanoi is a rapidly developing city - in terms of area, population and economy. It also has to face social and environmental problems that often accompany the fast development of a city. Increasing environmental pollution leads to a decrease in living conditions, such as clean water, housing, social services, etc., for most of the city’s inhabitants. Other well- known social problems in cities worldwide also occur in Hanoi nowadays, for example inequality, food supply, and unemployment. In addition, the society is altering; lifestyle- change is a permanent process. Today, it seems that the changing process in Asian countries is rather leap-frogging than continuously. Although many research projects concerning to urban green areas in Hanoi have been completed recently, less is known about utilization of parks&gardens in a practical and systematic way. This study aims at contributing to fulfills the gaps with up-to-date fact and figure of parks’ utilization in the inner city of Hanoi. Based on “grounded theory”, triangular methodology was applied to collect empirical data in four main parks in the inner city of Hanoi namely: Thong Nhat, Bach Thao, Hoan Kiem, and Lenin. Scientific observations, visitor countings were done in 2010-2011; including 2143 face-to-face interviews to park users covering the course of the year and a small online-poll of 113 responses. Thirthteen interviews with experts have been done in several phases and taken into account for discussing and testing hypotheses. Empirical results have shown that utilization of the parks is in abundance in terms of the use- numbers as well as activities. A comparision between the courses of the day for parks in Berlin and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bloggers and Netizens Behind Bars: Restrictions on Internet Freedom In
    VIETNAM COMMITTEE ON HUMAN RIGHTS QUÊ ME: ACTION FOR DEMOCRACY IN VIETNAM Ủy ban Bảo vệ Quyền làm Người Việt Nam BLOGGERS AND NETIZENS BEHIND BARS Restrictions on Internet Freedom in Vietnam Article 1: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Article 2: Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty. Article 3: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. Article 4: No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. Article 5: No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, January 2013 / n°603a - AFP PHOTO IAN TIMBERLAKE Cover Photo : A policeman, flanked by local militia members, tries to stop a foreign journalist from taking photos outside the Ho Chi Minh City People’s Court during the trial of a blogger in August 2011 (AFP, Photo Ian Timberlake). 2 / Titre du rapport – FIDH Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
    [Show full text]
  • (Iipa) 2019 Special 301 Report on Copyright Protection and Enforcement
    INTERNATIONAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ALLIANCE (IIPA) 2019 SPECIAL 301 REPORT ON COPYRIGHT PROTECTION AND ENFORCEMENT Special 301 Recommendation: IIPA recommends that Vietnam should be elevated to the Priority Watch List in 2019.1 Executive Summary: Vietnam is an important emerging market in Southeast Asia for the creative industries, which has investments planned to tap into Vietnam’s booming economy. But the market for creative works in Vietnam remains severely stunted due to worsening piracy and persistent and debilitating market access barriers. Vietnam is now host to many of the world’s most popular piracy websites, and other problems are growing, including Piracy Devices and apps used to access illegal content. While rights holders have implored Vietnam’s government to take action, the government has done very little to address the growing problem. For example, while the highly popular online piracy site 123movies was shut down due to considerable pressure from the U.S. Government and from industry, the Government of Vietnam did not take any effective actions against those responsible for the site. Thus, the site appears to have simply sold its main architecture, which has led to a proliferation of copycat sites around the world. One exception is the government’s support for national broadcasters to protect their investment in the World Cup broadcast by disabling access to hundreds of infringing websites. Unfortunately, the government has not been as amenable to working with foreign rights holders to take action against similarly harmful websites hosting or distributing other types of infringing content. Rights holders face unreasonable hurdles in enforcing their rights, including requirements for evidence collection that are impossible to meet.
    [Show full text]
  • New Voices: Socio-Cultural Trajectories of Vietnamese Literature in the 21St Century
    New Voices: Socio-Cultural Trajectories of Vietnamese Literature in the 21st Century NEW VOICES: SOCIO-CULTURAL TRAJECTORIES OF VIETNAMESE LITERATURE IN THE 21st CENTURY Dana HEALY School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London Thornhaugh Street, Russell Square, WC1H 0XG London, UK [email protected] Many important changes have taken place in the domain of Vietnamese literature in the last two decades as the country embraced the new globalized consumer age. This article examines the ways in which contemporary Vietnamese literature responds to the new social and cultural milieu delineated by rapidly developing market economy, globalization, and rise in new technologies, mass media and the internet. It highlights the role of young generation of writers whose enthusiasm, unorthodox creativity, penchant for experiment and resentment of authority contributed to the transformation of Vietnamese literature from a ‘servant of revolution’ to the purveyor of entertainment, modernity and individualism. It also analyses the changes in the publishing industry and evaluates the role of the internet in Vietnam as a vital alternative space which can accomodate various forms of marginalized writing. Key words: Vietnamese literature, publishing, the internet, popular literature Introduction Contemporary literature in Vietnam derives its momentum from a new generation of writers. With their youthful enthusiasm, unorthodox creativity, penchant for experiment, resentment of authority and desire for freedom they are defying established Vietnamese
    [Show full text]
  • 2018Spec301vietnam
    VIETNAM INTERNATIONAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ALLIANCE (IIPA) 2018 SPECIAL 301 REPORT ON COPYRIGHT PROTECTION AND ENFORCEMENT Special 301 Recommendation: IIPA recommends that Vietnam should be elevated to the Priority Watch List in 2018.1 Executive Summary: As a result of worsening piracy and persistent market access barriers that exacerbate the problem, the market in Vietnam for creative goods and services is severely stunted. While Vietnam’s Government has recently taken certain steps that indicate it is beginning to recognize the seriousness of its growing piracy problem, more substantial actions are needed. Vietnam has committed to ratifying the WIPO Digital Treaties, and, without delay, the government should take the necessary steps to ratify and implement them. It is long past time for Vietnam to make good on its political commitments and international obligations to improve copyright protection in the digital environment, confront its enormous piracy challenges, and remove the remaining barriers to its creative marketplace. Vietnam must take more affirmative enforcement actions against piracy, such as issuing deterrent administrative penalties against infringers, and undertaking criminal prosecutions, beginning with major online piracy operations that are based in Vietnam. Vietnam’s piracy problems would also be reduced if the country removed its highly restrictive market access barriers, which, by limiting Vietnamese consumers’ access to legitimate content, pushes them towards illegal alternatives. IIPA hopes that the Government of Vietnam will support procedures developed by a group of motion picture rights holders in consultation with Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to ensure that online infringing content is taken down and such content does not reappear. The government should also address concerns with the Copyright Office of Vietnam (COV), which is grossly understaffed, and has not taken any action to reform the dysfunctional collective management organization for music producers.
    [Show full text]
  • Executive Summary DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY for CLMV in THE
    1 Executive Summary DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR CLMV IN THE AGE OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION Chap Sotharith 1. INTENTIONS AND AIMS OF THE STUDY Regional economic integration has been rapidly progressing in East Asia with increasing numbers of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs). The liberalization of international trade and investment accompanying the integration process is expected to accelerate economic growth in the whole region. At the same time, however, there is concern that integration may also widen development gaps among individual member countries and among the regions in each country. If these regional development gaps continue to widen, they could hamper the progress of regional integration in East Asia. It is essential to study how extensively the gap-expanding force works in the integrated economy. This research aims to frame the development strategies for Cambodia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic or Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Vietnam (CLMV) in the age of globalization and help narrow the development gaps among countries in the region. It highlights the assessment of economic performance, economic reform programmes, challenges and policy recommendations for CLMV as a group, for individual countries, and for external partners in order to bring about substantial development of CLMV economies. 2 The recommendations derived from the study are expected to provide the basic direction for the economic development of CLMV,. but the individual policy measures should be determined by each government according to country-specific conditions. For example, the individual paths for the upgrading of industries should be chosen based on the resource endowment of, and other socioeconomic conditions in, each country.
    [Show full text]
  • Legislative Elections in Vietnam and Vietnamese Perception of the 2016 National Assembly Election
    Legislative elections in Vietnam and Vietnamese perception of the 2016 National Assembly Election Nguyen Hoang Thanh Danh ([email protected]) Waseda University, Tokyo Abstract The Communist Party of Vietnam, the dictatorial ruling party of Vietnam since the unification of the country in April 1975, has based their legitimacy on the claims that they liberated the working class from feudal domination through proletarian revolution, fought for the independence of the country, and has been developing the economy of the country so as to give Vietnamese better standard of living. However, as waves of democratization sweeping the world and democracy is usually perceived as a more preferable system than dictatorship by the people, the Communist Party of Vietnam has been attempting to maintain their legitimacy by claiming that Vietnam is a democracy. One of the façades of democracy which has been putting up by the ruling party is the quinquennial National Assembly election. In this paper, the author examines the functions of the Fatherland Front, a pro-Communist mass-movement front, in legislative elections. The study pointed out that through the Fatherland Front the Communist Party could prevent undesirable candidates from taking part in the election and as such maintain their domination over the National Assembly of Vietnam. In order to study Vietnamese perception on the electoral system in general and the 2016 National Election in particular, a questionnaire which was carried out two weeks after the election, in which the author also interviewed more than one thousand Vietnamese. The outcomes were starling but not surprising, the majority of Vietnamese voters expressed disbelief on the country’s electoral system.
    [Show full text]
  • DIGITAL NOMAD Guide to Thailand, Vietnam & Indonesia Table of Contents
    GoToLaunch Guides present DIGITAL NOMAD guide to Thailand, Vietnam & Indonesia Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction About This Guide: What to Expect Asia Culture Guide Chapter 2: Thailand Country Guide: Thailand Culture Guide: Thailand Visa Guide: Entering and Staying in Thailand City Guide: Bangkok City Guide: Chiang Mai Chapter 3: Vietnam Country Guide: Vietnam Culture Guide: Vietnam Visa Guide: Entering and Staying in Vietnam City Guide: Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) Chapter 4: Indonesia Country Guide: Indonesia Culture Guide: (Bali) Indonesia Visa Guide: Entering and Staying in Indonesia City Guide: Bali Chapter 5: Conclusion Copyright ©2015 Wood Egg SPRL (as “GoToLaunch”) Writing: Michael Gasiorek Research: Nico Jannaush, Anouar Tahiri Book design: Ting Kelly (DoorstepStudios.com) Editing & General Oversight: Janet Chang Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 5 GoToLaunch Guides ABOUT THIS GUIDE: WHAT TO EXPECT The day you wake up to the sound of waves lapping at the sand steps away from your bungalow, a fresh breakfast of eggs and fruit waiting for you next to your laptop, with everything else you own stuffed in a small backpack that has been with you across the world - it might feel like you’ve made it. In this life, you might have less than 100 items to your name, trading in beautiful clothes, homes, and cars for access to incredible experiences on every continent. Your livelihood will depend on your access to good WiFi. You might think of it like a fundamental human right. Your now twice-extended passport might have more stamps than a post office, or you may have fallen in love with the first place you drop into.
    [Show full text]
  • Greenbook 06 En.Pdf
    2006 COMMERCIAL COUNSELLORS REPORT ON VIETNAM 2006 COMMERCIAL COUNSELLORS REPORT ON VIETNAM EUROPEAN UNION ECONOMIC AND COMMERCIAL COUNSELLORS 2 4 Each year the Working Group of Economic and Commercial Counselors of the European Union publishes a Report on the economy of Vietnam. This “Green Book” aims to provide the private sector as well as European institutions and governments with an analysis of the recent economic performance of Vietnam as well as an overview of the development in certain sectors of the Vietnamese economy. The “Green Book” is not an official publication of the EU. It is a joint initiative of the EU Embassies and the Delegation of the European Commission in Vietnam. The publication is covering a wide range of issues and consists of two parts: The first part is dedicated to a general overview of the most important economic developments in Vietnam in 2005. Section I features an overview over the economic performance of Vietnam as well as an analysis of major economic indicators such as foreign trade, investment, employment as well as sectoral and monetary policies. Section II covers legal developments while Section III presents the EU at a Glance. The second part of the report provides eleven Sections packed with abundant information on the development of important sectors of the Vietnamese economy: Garments and Textiles, Footwear, Fishery Products, Agro-Industry, Transport, ICT, Pharmaceuticals, Alcoholic Beverages, Energy, Machinery and tools and Financial Services. In the year 2005, Vietnamese and EU economies have again moved closer to each other and have become a mainstay of the overall relationship. The “Green Book” provides ample information in this respect and we trust that it will be supportive in the continuing improvement of relations between Vietnam and Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • 201117Intellasia Finance Vietn
    finance & business news 20 November FINANCE . 1 Hotel occupancy rises in HCM City 44 Reference exchange rate down by 4 VND at week's beginning 1 Inland waterway holds small transport market share 44 Exchange rate will be kept stable: SBV governor 2 BIZ NEWS. 45 Vietnam's forex reserves continue to increase to $46b 3 Business Briefs 20 November, 2017 45 Loans in foreign currency to be continued in 2018 3 VN Index drops from 10-year high 46 Banks announce upcoming divestment plans 3 Vietnamese stock market eyes development trends 46 Vietnamese fintech market looking at bright prospects 4 Fund manager optimistic on VN stock market 47 Not on radar 5 SCIC to sell 21.79pct stake at Vinaconex 48 SBV leader believes in healthier banking activities in coming time 6 Sao Ta Foods becomes Ben Tre Aquaproduct affiliate 49 Finance minister: Public debt, while high, is under control 6 Petrolimex stocks fall with sinking performance 49 SBV Governor: Tighten credit for high-end property developments 7 Real estate inventory value approximates $1.14bil 50 Startups still looking for capital from venture funds 8 VN firms urged to trade with HK 50 New regulations on use of credit cards 8 Mekong Agriculture Technology Challenge programme starts 51 Visa study highlights economic benefits of cashless cities 9 Da Nang property surges after Apec 52 Hanoi will have additional $600m a year if not using cash in Strong industry, trade sectors account for 33pct of HCM payment: study 10 City's GRDP 53 Da Nang to host Asean Banking Council Meeting 10 HCM City steps up
    [Show full text]
  • Internet Access and Openness: Vietnam 2013 June 2014
    Internet Access and Openness: Vietnam 2013 June 2014 Back to top Page 1 of 158 Report Note This report is information compiled from the visit of a technology research delegation to Saigon and Hanoi in early May 2013. The qualitative, quantitative, and anecdotal information synthesized here was derived from a variety of sources, methods, and first-hand observations. While it is expected that the primary audience is technical, the report also provides relevant information for policymakers, civil society, and international investors. The effort to collect, distill, and develop this report was supported by Radio Free Asia’s Open Technology Fund in collaboration with technologists and researchers. License This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA. Permissions beyond the scope of this license are administered by Radio Free Asia. Information on how to request permission may be submitted to [email protected] or by letter to Open Technology Fund, C/O Radio Free Asia, 2025 M Street NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Back to top Page 2 of 158 Table of Contents Executive Summary Section I : Internet Access Landscape Dominant Telecom Operators VNPT FPT Viettel Mobile Mobile Operators Coverage Cost 3 G Service and Mobile Devices SIM and Point of Sale Process Network Speeds Mobile Network Security Wireline ADSL
    [Show full text]
  • DIGITAL ECONOMY and DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION in VIETNAM a Reader Prepared for Roundtable Series on EVFTA, EVIPA and Post-COVID-19 Economic Recovery in Vietnam
    DIGITAL ECONOMY AND DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN VIETNAM A Reader Prepared for Roundtable Series on EVFTA, EVIPA and Post-COVID-19 Economic Recovery in Vietnam Hanoi, November 2020 DIGITAL ECONOMY AND DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN VIETNAM A Reader Prepared for Roundtable Series on EVFTA, EVIPA and Post-COVID-19 Economic Recovery in Vietnam Le Duy Binh Tran Thi Phuong Hanoi, November 2020 This report has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of GOPA Consultants and Economica Vietnam and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Digital Economy and Digital Transformation: Key Concepts and Definition .............................................. 3 2. Digital transformation status of Vietnamese Economy: digitalization in different industries ................... 4 2.1. Overview of Vietnamese digital economy ...................................................................................... 4 2.2. ICT industry – the main actor of digital transformation of Vietnamese businesses ....................... 4 2.3. Digital transformation in different industries in Vietnam ............................................................... 5 2.4. Digital transformation of the Government agencies ...................................................................... 8 3. Policies related to digital transformation in Vietnam ................................................................................. 9 4. Opportunities and Challenges
    [Show full text]
  • Vietnam Internet Case Study
    VIETNAM INTERNET CASE STUDY March 2002 INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION GENEVA, SWITZERLAND Tim Kelly and Michael Minges wrote this report. Lara Srivastava and Audrey Selian contributed to some sections. Vanessa Gray provided editorial comments and Nathalie Delmas handled formatting and production. The report is based on field research undertaken 14-18 May 2001 as well as reports and articles identified in the bibliography or as footnotes. We would like to thank the Directorate General of Posts and Telecommunications for arranging the meetings. The views expressed are those of the authors and may not necessarily reflect the opinions of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), its members or the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. This report is one of a series of Internet Case Studies. Additional information is available on the Internet Case Studies web site <www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/cs>. © ITU 2002 ii Contents 1. Country background ............................................................ 1 1.1 Overview ............................................................................ 1 1.2 Demography ........................................................................ 1 1.3 Economy ............................................................................. 1 1.4 Human development ............................................................ 2 1.5 Government ........................................................................ 3 2. Telecommunication and Mass Media .................................... 4 2.1
    [Show full text]