Human Rights in Vietnam Hearing Committee On
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HUMAN RIGHTS IN VIETNAM HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON AFRICA, GLOBAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION JUNE 20, 2005 Serial No. 109–76 Printed for the use of the Committee on International Relations ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.house.gov/international—relations U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 21–973PDF WASHINGTON : 2005 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Mar 21 2002 15:06 Nov 14, 2005 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 F:\WORK\AGI\062005\21973.000 HINTREL1 PsN: SHIRL COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HENRY J. HYDE, Illinois, Chairman JAMES A. LEACH, Iowa TOM LANTOS, California CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey, HOWARD L. BERMAN, California Vice Chairman GARY L. ACKERMAN, New York DAN BURTON, Indiana ENI F.H. FALEOMAVAEGA, American ELTON GALLEGLY, California Samoa ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida DONALD M. PAYNE, New Jersey DANA ROHRABACHER, California ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey EDWARD R. ROYCE, California SHERROD BROWN, Ohio PETER T. KING, New York BRAD SHERMAN, California STEVE CHABOT, Ohio ROBERT WEXLER, Florida THOMAS G. TANCREDO, Colorado ELIOT L. ENGEL, New York RON PAUL, Texas WILLIAM D. DELAHUNT, Massachusetts DARRELL ISSA, California GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York JEFF FLAKE, Arizona BARBARA LEE, California JO ANN DAVIS, Virginia JOSEPH CROWLEY, New York MARK GREEN, Wisconsin EARL BLUMENAUER, Oregon JERRY WELLER, Illinois SHELLEY BERKLEY, Nevada MIKE PENCE, Indiana GRACE F. NAPOLITANO, California THADDEUS G. MCCOTTER, Michigan ADAM B. SCHIFF, California KATHERINE HARRIS, Florida DIANE E. WATSON, California JOE WILSON, South Carolina ADAM SMITH, Washington JOHN BOOZMAN, Arkansas BETTY MCCOLLUM, Minnesota J. GRESHAM BARRETT, South Carolina BEN CHANDLER, Kentucky CONNIE MACK, Florida DENNIS A. CARDOZA, California JEFF FORTENBERRY, Nebraska MICHAEL MCCAUL, Texas TED POE, Texas THOMAS E. MOONEY, SR., Staff Director/General Counsel ROBERT R. KING, Democratic Staff Director SUBCOMMITTEE ON AFRICA, GLOBAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey, Chairman THOMAS G. TANCREDO, Colorado DONALD M. PAYNE, New Jersey JEFF FLAKE, Arizona BARBARA LEE, California MARK GREEN, Wisconsin BETTY MCCOLLUM, Minnesota JOHN BOOZMAN, Arkansas BRAD SHERMAN, California JEFF FORTENBERRY, Nebraska GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York EDWARD R. ROYCE, California, DIANE E. WATSON, California Vice Chairman MARY M. NOONAN, Subcommittee Staff Director GREG SIMPKINS, Subcommittee Professional Staff Member NOELLE LUSANE, Democratic Professional Staff Member LINDSEY M. PLUMLEY, Staff Associate (II) VerDate Mar 21 2002 15:06 Nov 14, 2005 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 F:\WORK\AGI\062005\21973.000 HINTREL1 PsN: SHIRL C O N T E N T S Page WITNESSES Ms. Nina Shea, Vice Chair, U.S. Commission on International Religious Free- dom ........................................................................................................................ 13 Ms. Minky Worden, Media Director, Human Rights Watch ................................ 58 Ms. Helen Ngo, Chairwoman, Committee for Religious Freedom in Vietnam ... 66 Nguyen Thang, Ph.D., Executive Director, Boat People S.O.S. ........................... 70 Mr. Vo Van Ai, President, Vietnam Committee on Human Rights and Que Me: Action for Democracy in Vietnam, France .................................................. 75 Mr. Y-Khim Nie, Executive Director, Montagnard Human Rights Organiza- tion ........................................................................................................................ 84 LETTERS, STATEMENTS, ETC., SUBMITTED FOR THE HEARING The Honorable Christopher H. Smith, a Representative in Congress from the State of New Jersey, and Chairman, Subcommittee on Africa, Global Human Rights and International Operations: Prepared statement ................ 5 Various testimonies submitted for the record .................................................... 42 Ms. Nina Shea: Prepared statement ...................................................................... 30 Ms. Minky Worden: Prepared statement ............................................................... 61 Ms. Helen Ngo: Prepared statement ...................................................................... 68 Nguyen Thang, Ph.D.: Prepared statement .......................................................... 73 Mr. Vo Van Ai: Prepared statement ....................................................................... 77 Mr. Y-Khim Nie: Prepared statement .................................................................... 86 APPENDIX Material Submitted for the Hearing Record .......................................................... 103 (III) VerDate Mar 21 2002 15:06 Nov 14, 2005 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 F:\WORK\AGI\062005\21973.000 HINTREL1 PsN: SHIRL VerDate Mar 21 2002 15:06 Nov 14, 2005 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 F:\WORK\AGI\062005\21973.000 HINTREL1 PsN: SHIRL HUMAN RIGHTS IN VIETNAM MONDAY, JUNE 20, 2005 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SUBCOMMITTEE ON AFRICA, GLOBAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS, COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, Washington, DC. The Subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 2:05 p.m. in room 2172, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Christopher H. Smith (Chairman of the Subcommittee) presiding. Mr. SMITH. The Subcommittee will come to order. Today, ladies and gentlemen, I want to welcome each and every one of you to this hearing to examine the Government of Vietnam’s lack of re- spect for human rights and religious freedom. Let me just say at the outset I remain deeply concerned about obtaining a full, thorough and responsible accounting of the re- maining Americans missing in action from the conflict in Vietnam. As my colleagues know well, of the 2,583 POW/MIAs who were un- accounted for: Vietnam, 1,921; Laos, 569; Cambodia, 83; and China 10; just under 1,400 remain unaccounted for in Vietnam alone. While the joint POW/MIA accounting command normally conducts four joint field activities per year in Vietnam, I remain deeply con- cerned that the Government of Vietnam could be much more forth- coming and transparent in providing the fullest possible account- ing. It is our sacred duty to the families of the missing that we never forget and never cease our pursuit until we achieve the full- est possible accounting of our MIAs. This hearing takes place this afternoon in the context of an offi- cial visit this week by Prime Minister Phan Van Khai, designed to mark the 10 years of diplomatic relations between the United States and Vietnam. The visit is the highest level since the end of the Vietnam War. Prime Minister Khai will meet with President Bush and Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld. The meeting will conclude with intelligence agreements on terrorism and trans- national crime, as well as begin IMET military cooperation; he will meet with Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates, and then ring the bell on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange. Vietnam hopes to gain United States support to join the World Trade Organization this year. Trade with the United States has ex- ploded in the past decade from $1.5 billion to $6.4 billion in 2004. Vietnamese exports to the United States have also jumped from $800 million in 2001 to $5 billion last year. An outside observer looking at this activity would in all likelihood conclude that Viet- nam is a close and political partner of the United States in Asia, (1) VerDate Mar 21 2002 15:06 Nov 14, 2005 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 F:\WORK\AGI\062005\21973.000 HINTREL1 PsN: SHIRL 2 and that observer, if asked, would also likely deduce that in order to cooperate so closely, Vietnam must also share the core values of the United States that make our country great, values such as the promotion of democracy, respect for human rights and the protec- tion of religious freedom, free speech and the rights of minorities. A quick look at the State Department’s annual Human Rights Report on Vietnam, however, reveals exactly the opposite. Accord- ing to the 2004 report just released 3 months ago, and I quote it, the State Department says that: ‘‘Vietnam is a one-party state, ruled and controlled by the Communist Party of Vietnam. The Government’s human rights record remained poor, and it continued to commit seri- ous abuses. The Government continued to deny citizens the right to change their Government. Several sources reported that security forces shot, detained, beat, and were responsible for the disappearances of persons during the year. Police also reportedly sometimes beat suspects during arrests, detention, and interrogation. The Government continued to hold po- litical and religious prisoners. The Government signifi- cantly restricted freedom of speech, freedom of the press, free- dom of assembly, and freedom of association. Security forces continued to enforce restrictions on public gatherings and travel in some parts of the country, particularly in the Central Highlands and the Northwest Highlands. The Govern- ment prohibited independent political, labor, and social organi- zations. The Government restricted freedom of religion and prohibited the operation of unregistered religious organiza- tions. Participants in unregistered